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84-627: Lugton is a small village or hamlet in East Ayrshire , Scotland with a population of 80 people. The A736 road runs through on its way from Glasgow , 15 miles (24.1 km) to the north, to Irvine in North Ayrshire . Uplawmoor is the first settlement on this 'Lochlibo Road' to the north and Burnhouse is to the south. The settlement lies on the Lugton Water which forms the boundary between East Ayrshire and East Renfrewshire as well as that of

168-495: A day hospital which provided assessment and rehabilitation facilities. East Ayrshire is served by a number of general practice (GP) surgeries under NHS Scotland and a variety of other healthcare services including dental treatment and pharmacies. East Ayrshire has nine secondary schools, forty-three primary schools, four schools which cater for children with additional support needs, thirty-three early education childhood centres and three children's houses. Kilmarnock Academy

252-487: A lime kiln above 900 °C (1,650 °F) converts it into the highly caustic material burnt lime , unslaked lime or quicklime ( calcium oxide ) and, through subsequent addition of water, into the less caustic (but still strongly alkaline ) slaked lime or hydrated lime ( calcium hydroxide , Ca(OH) 2 ), the process of which is called slaking of lime . When the term is encountered in an agricultural context, it usually refers to agricultural lime , which today

336-454: A castle at Riccarton, later part of Kilmarnock, as well as his surprise attack on the English at Loudoun Hill in 1297. Wallace is also associated with Lockhart's Tower in the town of Galston . Lockhart's Tower was largely rebuilt during the middle ages, and is commonly referred to as Barr Castle presently. Wallace is said to "have made a daring escape" from Lockhart's Tower at one point. During

420-715: A further 5,700 classed as self employed. During this period, East Ayrshire had an unemployment rate of 3.2%, about 1,900 people of the population. The largest category of economic activity in East Ayrshire in 2023 was professional occupations, with an estimated 10,600 people (19.2%) of the East Ayrshire population employed in this sector. Other large sectors for employment across East Ayrshire include skilled trades tccupations (14.0%), caring, leisure And other service occupations (13.3%), elementary occupations (9.0%), Managers, Directors And Senior Officials (7.7%) and process plant and machine operatives (7.4%). Health care in East Ayrshire

504-474: A lime made from kankar which is a form of calcium carbonate. Selenitic lime, also known as Scotts' cement after Henry Young Darracott Scott , is a cement of grey chalk or similar lime, such as in the Lias Group , with about 5% added gypsum plaster (calcined gypsum ). Selenite is a type of gypsum, but selenitic cement may be made using any form of sulfate or sulfuric acid . Sulfate arrests slaking, causes

588-464: A limitation on its unhydrated oxide content." The term Type S originated in 1946 in ASTM C 207 Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes. Type S lime is almost always dolomitic lime, hydrated under heat and pressure in an autoclave, and used in mortar, render , stucco , and plaster . Type S lime is not considered reliable as a pure binder in mortar due to high burning temperatures during production. Kankar lime,

672-515: A row of houses for 200 people. John Cunninghame, at one point the sole proprietor, developed his business by taking loans out against the 'Lands of Chapeltoun ', his home. He later became bankrupt and the estate was sequestered. A brickworks was later established near Netherton farm at Horners Corner in the Castlewat plantation to use up the blaes bing produced in the mining of the iron ore, which had ceased in around 1900, but it in turn closed in 1921. It

756-637: A similar facility at Ayrshire Central Hospital in Irvine was opened in the grounds of the hospital in 2006. In March 2012, the hospital officially became University Hospital Crosshouse as a result of a partnership with the University of the West of Scotland . Kirklandside Hospital , in neighbouring village Hurlford closed between 2018 and 2020. Kirklandside hospital provided consultant-led services for frail elderly patients. It had 25 long-stay beds for inpatient care and

840-456: A simple solution to the issue of giving territory to be administered from Kilmarnock, with the population also roughly balanced with those of Cunninghame and Kyle & Carrick (which became North Ayrshire and South Ayrshire respectively); however, it did mean some settlements historically within Kyle , more closely aligned to Ayr for amenities and which would typically have been described as located in

924-460: A typical 'kit build' corrugated iron structure, survived until the 1990s, having gone out of use in the 1960s. The site is now occupied by a private dwelling. The Lugton Hall was given to Lugton by Lady Mure of Caldwell. In 1897 the small school stood close to the north bank of the Lugton Water behind the smithy which had originally been the toll house. The old castle of Caldwell sat on a knoll of

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1008-459: A vital part in the ongoing process of protecting Scotland's rail passengers. The exercise simulated a collision between two passenger trains carrying 270 passengers. The aim was to test the emergency services’ response and management co-ordination by replicating real accident conditions as closely as possible. Strathclyde police co-ordinated the exercise in conjunction with the rail industry in Scotland,

1092-471: Is also known as rich, common, air, slaked, slack, pickling, hydrated, and high calcium lime. It consists primarily of calcium hydroxide which is derived by slaking quicklime (calcium oxide), and may contain up to 5% of other ingredients. Pure lime sets very slowly through contact with carbon dioxide in the air and moisture; it is not a hydraulic lime so it will not set under water. Pure lime is pure white and can be used for whitewash, plaster, and mortar. Pure lime

1176-400: Is called the lime cycle . The conditions and compounds present during each step of the lime cycle have a strong influence of the end product, thus the complex and varied physical nature of lime products. An example is when slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is mixed into a thick slurry with sand and water to form mortar for building purposes. When the masonry has been laid, the slaked lime in

1260-479: Is done by composition as high calcium, argillaceous (clayey), silicious , conglomerate , magnesian , dolomite , and other limestones . Uncommon sources of lime include coral, sea shells, calcite and ankerite . Limestone is extracted from quarries or mines . Part of the extracted stone, selected according to its chemical composition and optical granulometry , is calcinated at about 900 °C (1,650 °F) in lime kilns to produce quicklime according to

1344-451: Is highly ornamented, with twenty nine concentric rings with intervening ribs. This rivulet runs 14 miles (23 km) from Loch Libo (395 feet above sea-level) through Neilston, Beith, Dunlop, Stewarton, and Kilwinning parishes, until having passed through Eglinton Country Park it runs into the Garnock , 2 and a half miles north by west of Irvine town. It contains fresh-water and sea-trout and

1428-417: Is located on the west coat of Scotland, sharing borders with the following neighbouring council areas; North Ayrshire , South Ayrshire , Dumfries and Galloway , East Renfrewshire and South Lanarkshire . Blackcraig Hill reaches an elevation of 2,298 feet (700 metres), the highest peak in East Ayrshire. Combining the existing Kilmarnock & Loudoun and Cumnock & Doon Valley government districts offered

1512-501: Is made by adding forms of silica or alumina such as clay to the limestone during firing, or by adding a pozzolana to pure lime. Hydraulic limes are classified by their strength: feebly , moderately and eminently hydraulic lime. Feebly hydraulic lime contains 5-10% clay, slakes in minutes, and sets in about three weeks. It is used for less expensive work and in mild climates. Moderately hydraulic lime contains 11-20% clay, slakes in one to two hours, and sets in approximately one week. It

1596-670: Is named for the Dolomite Mountains in the Italian and Austrian Alps. In the United States the most commonly used masonry lime is Type S hydrated lime which is intended to be added to Portland cement to improve plasticity , water retention and other qualities. The S in type S stands for special which distinguishes it from Type N hydrated lime where the N stands for normal. The special attributes of Type S are its "...ability to develop high, early plasticity and higher water retentivity and by

1680-528: Is not marked on Timothy Pont 's map of 1604. Some of the Lugton area farms are indicated, with Waterlands, Duniflett, Biggart, Roshead (Ramshead), and Knokmend (Knockmade). A Waterland Mill is shown. Armstrong's map of 1775, does not show Lugton or its farms and the only road passes Lochlibo from Glasgow and heads up through the Caldwell estate to Paisley. Thomson's 1820 map marks a 'Keepers Cottage' which may have been on

1764-515: Is one of only two schools in the world to have educated two Nobel laureates : Alexander Fleming and John Boyd Orr . Both men attended Kilmarnock Academy when it was located on North Hamilton Street; the school has since relocated to Sutherland Drive. Grange Academy in Kilmarnock, is one of only seven Scottish Football Association (SFA) Performance Schools . The Robert Burns Academy in Cumnock

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1848-538: Is provided by NHS Ayrshire and Arran , one of the fourteen regions of NHS Scotland . The health boards main, and largest, hospital is University Hospital Crosshouse located between the village of Crosshouse and the administrative town of East Ayrshire, Kilmarnock. Other NHS Ayrshire and Arran hospitals within East Ayrshire include East Ayrshire Community Hospital in Cumnock, and the former Kirklandside Hospital in Hurlford . Work on University Hospital Crosshouse, which

1932-425: Is similar to hydraulic lime but has less soluble silica (usually minimum 6%) and aluminates , and will set under water but will never harden. Hydraulic lime is also called water lime . Hydraulic lime contains lime with silica or alumina and sets with exposure to water and can set under water. Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) is made from a limestone which naturally contains some clay . Artificial hydraulic lime

2016-492: Is soluble in water containing carbonic acid , a natural, weak acid which is a solution of carbon dioxide in water and acid rain so it will slowly wash away, but this characteristic also produces autogenous or self-healing process where the dissolved lime can flow into cracks in the material and be redeposited, automatically repairing the crack. Semi-hydraulic lime, also called partially hydraulic and grey lime, sets initially with water and then continues to set with air. This lime

2100-446: Is that when these new toll roads were constructed the turnpike trusts went to a great deal of trouble to improve the route of the new road and these changes could be quite considerable as the old roads tended to go from farm to farm, hardly the shortest route. The tolls on roads were abolished in 1878 to be replaced by a road 'assessment', which was taken over by the county council in 1889. Most milestones are no longer in-situ and often

2184-526: Is the largest educational campus in Scotland. The area's secondary schools include: Kilmarnock is home to a campus of Ayrshire College , which provides a range of courses to adults as well as school-aged pupils. It is funded by East Ayrshire council and other educational providers. The campus opened in October 2016 in a new, £53 million, building on the site of the Johnnie Walker bottling plant. It superseded

2268-632: Is used for better quality work and exterior walls in freezing climates. Eminently hydraulic lime contains 21-30% clay, slakes very slowly, and sets in approximately a day. It is used in harsh environments such as damp locations and near saltwater. Hydraulic lime is off-white in color. "The degree of hydraulicity of mortars will affect many characteristics. By selecting an appropriate ratio of clay to limestone mortars that carbonate or set hydraulically to varying extents can be designed for particular application requirements such as setting time, strength, colour, durability, frost resistance, workability, speed of set in

2352-407: Is usually crushed limestone, not a product of a lime kiln. Otherwise it most commonly means slaked lime , as the more dangerous form is usually described more specifically as quicklime or burnt lime . In the lime industry, limestone is a general term for rocks that contain 80% or more of calcium or magnesium carbonate , including marble , chalk , oolite , and marl . Further classification

2436-636: The First War of Scottish Independence , the areas Loudoun Hill was the scene of a Scottish victory over the English during the Battle of Loudoun Hill on 10 May 1307. The battlefield at Loudoun Hill is currently under research to be included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Scottish Historical Environment Policy of 2009. During

2520-494: The Isle of Arran , Great Cumbrae and Little Cumbrae , which had until then been administered as part of the County of Bute . The former Kilmarnock and Loudoun District Council was twinned with Sukhumi , Abkhazia . Following a review of such links in 2005, East Ayrshire continues the link as a friendship link. East Ayrshire, and its associated political body, East Ayrshire Council ,

2604-688: The Kilmarnock College building on Holehouse Road. Policy and decision making in East Ayrshire is the responsibility of East Ayrshire Council , the body of elected councillors elected to represent East Ayrshire on the council. The council chambers and HQ is located on London Road in Kilmarnock. Elected members to the UK Parliament Elected members to the Scottish Parliament Constituency MSPs Regional List MSPs East Ayrshire

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2688-562: The Laigh Kirk in Kilmarnock, Galston Kirk Yard, Loudoun Old Parish Kirk near Galston, Newmilns Keep and Kirkyard, Threepwood near Galston, Lochgoyne Farm above Fenwick, Priesthill Farm near Muirkirk, Mauchline, Sorn, Cumnock and Airds Moss near Cumnock. In 1648, Mauchline was the location of a battle between the Covenanters and Royalists, known as the Battle of Mauchline Muir. A Covenanters Memorial

2772-621: The unitary council areas of East Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Kilmarnock & Loudoun District and Cumnock & Doon Valley District), North Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Cunninghame District Council) and South Ayrshire (covering the area of the former Kyle and Carrick District). There are many early settlements within East Ayrshire. There are many early settlements within East Ayrshire. The Burns Monument Centre and Dick Institute (both in Kilmarnock) are notable museums and cultural venues. In 2017, East Ayrshire Council

2856-467: The "midst of some of Scotland's finest countryside". Kilmarnock is the largest town in East Ayrshire, and has served as the administrative centre of East Ayrshire Council since 1996. It is the East Ayrshire region's main commercial and industrial centre. The town grew considerably during the 1870s and the town's growth subsumed the village of Bonnyton , and by the 1960s, new purpose built suburbs such as New Farm Loch were constructed to accommodate

2940-600: The 'pike' used as a weapon in the army at that time and therefore we get 'turnpike'. The term was also used by the military for barriers set up on roads specifically to prevent the passage of horses. In addition to providing better surfaces and more direct routes, the turnpikes settled the confusion of the different lengths given to miles, which varied from 4,854 to nearly 7,000 feet (2,100 m). Long miles, short miles, Scotch or Scot's miles (5,928 ft), Irish miles (6,720 ft), etc. all existed. 5,280 feet (1,610 m) seems to have been an average! Another important point

3024-425: The 13th–15th century. Many of the areas castles played a prominent role, largely in part due to barons being at the peak of military and political powers. Many of the barons were involved in wider Scottish politics and affairs, in particular, resistance to the advances of Edward I towards Scotland. Prominent Scottish independence figure William Wallace has close connections with East Ayrshire. The Wallace family had

3108-460: The 17th century, the Covenanters were particularly active in the East Ayrshire area, as well as along Scotland's west coast where they began promoting National Covenant . During this period, a significant number of Covenanters died as a result of advocating their beliefs. In order to commemorate those lost, a number of sites and monuments in East Ayrshire were erected, including Fenwick Kirk Yard,

3192-408: The 1860 OS with several limekilns . Waterland corn mill on the Lugton Water is still marked on the 1895 map, with Tree Well nearby. Highgate wauk mill still survives as a dwelling (2007). A creamery was opened in 1919, dispatching milk to Glasgow by train and making cheese which was matured at the manager's house; also known as "Jeely Jocks" when jams were made from turnips and other vegetables during

3276-602: The British Transport Police, Civil Police, Scottish Ambulance Service, Fire Brigade, local authorities and Government emergency planning co-ordinators. A small mission hall or church, also serving as a public hall, used to exist near the railway bridge until the 1980s, having been moved from its previous site near the old brickworks. It had two commodious ante-rooms, electric power and even central heating as early as 1935. Services were held fortnightly. The Lugton Discussion Society also held its meetings here. The building,

3360-606: The Dragon Stone in Darvel , along with cup and ring markings near to the Ballochmyle Viaduct at Mauchline , indicate early occupation and settlement in and around East Ayrshire. The areas first permanent settlements is said to date from the expansion of Christianity in Scotland, after St Ninian established a church at Whithorn. East Ayrshire is home to a number of towers, castles and other structures which were constructed between

3444-537: The Scottish economy, it supports 1,500 jobs within the area. Food and drink as well as local tourism provides a large sum to the economy of East Ayrshire, with visitor attractions such as Dean Castle , Palace Theatre and Dumfries House generating large means of income for the area. Places of interest within East Ayrshire include: In 2022, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of East Ayrshire (which includes

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3528-415: The abolished Strathclyde Regional Council within the area. The area's name references its location within the historic county of Ayrshire , which had been abolished for local government purposes in 1975 when Kilmarnock and Loudoun, Cumnock and Doon Valley, and Strathclyde region had been created. In April 1996 the two-tier system of regions and districts was abolished and Ayrshire was divided between

3612-471: The council are located on London Road, Kilmarnock . With South Ayrshire and the mainland areas of North Ayrshire, it formed the former county of Ayrshire . East Ayrshire had a population of 122,100 at the 2011 census, making it the 16th most populous local authority in Scotland . Spanning a geographical area of 1,262 km (487 sq mi), East Ayrshire is the 14th-largest local authority in Scotland in terms of geographical area . The majority of

3696-722: The first world war. It closed in 1919. Lugton Garage was run by Angie and Angus Robertson. It was once served by two railway stations, both of which are now closed. Lugton railway station was on the Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway 's line, opening in 1871 and closed to passengers in 1966. The best known porter at Lugton station was local lady Peggy Speirs of Burnside Cottages. The Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway 's Lugton station opened in 1903 and its line ran to Ardrossan from Glasgow. The station closed 4 July 1932. A live railway emergency exercise at Lugton in Ayrshire in 2000 played

3780-633: The formation of magnesium sulfate salts." Magnesium sulfate salts may damage the mortar when they dry and recrystallize due to expansion of the crystals as they form, which is known as sulfate attack . Lime used in building materials is broadly classified as "pure", "hydraulic", and "poor" lime; can be natural or artificial ; and may be further identified by its magnesium content such as dolomitic or magnesium lime. Uses include lime mortar , lime plaster , lime render , lime-ash floors , tabby concrete , whitewash , silicate mineral paint , and limestone blocks which may be of many types . The qualities of

3864-600: The increasing population of Kilmarnock. By mid–2020, the population of the town was estimated to be 46,970, making Kilmarnock the 14th most populated settlement in Scotland as well as the largest town in Ayrshire by population. The second largest town in East Ayrshire is Cumnock , which sits at the confluence of the Glaisnock Water and the Lugar Water . There are three neighbouring housing projects which lie just outside

3948-535: The industrial powerhouses of the expanding British Empire . Largely it was textile production which dominated the industrial expansion in the area, with other industries including muslin, cotton, blankets, carpets and woollen goods being produced in Kilmarnock. Other settlements, such as Stewarton, became known internationally its manufacturing of bonnets, and the Irvine Valley region had become renowned for its specialised lace industry. During this period, coal mining

4032-463: The inn to Caldwell House, however a search by owners in the cellars never revealed any signs of a hidden passage. The village is celebrated in the songs of folk music group Nyah Fearties , whose members hail from Lugton. Near the hamlet is Lugton quarry, which features in many geology textbooks for its marine fossils preserved in the Carboniferous rock. James Richmond, aged 46, was killed when he

4116-437: The magnesium compounds also slake to periclase which slake more slowly than calcium oxide and when hydrated produce several other compounds. Thus, these limes contain inclusions of portlandite , brucite , magnesite , and other magnesium hydroxycarbonate compounds. These magnesium compounds have very limited, contradictory research which questions whether they "...may be significantly reactive with acid rain, which could lead to

4200-651: The main Robert Burns Academy secondary school following the merger of Cumnock Academy and Auchinleck Academy, Lochnorris Primary School and Cherry Trees Early Childhood Centre. The campus is the largest educational establishment in Scotland. Largest settlements by population: 46,970 8,700 7,770 4,710 4,400 Lime (mineral) These materials are still used in large quantities as building and engineering materials (including limestone products, cement , concrete , and mortar ), as chemical feedstocks, for sugar refining , and other uses. Lime industries and

4284-550: The main entrance drive running to the main road. The Paraffin Lamp Inn is not marked on the 1860 OS, however it is present on the 1895 edition. It appears to have been called the 'Paraffin Lamp' for many years, prior to which it was a private dwelling with outbuildings. It had a piggery and smokehouse and when it became an inn the dwelling house continued its use as a private home. The old site of Halket Loch lies not far away, once located near

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4368-612: The mainland of North Ayrshire for purposes of calculating GDP) was estimated at £5.075 billion. Amongst Scotland's 32 local council areas, combined, East Ayrshire and mainland North Ayrshire are ranked as the 12th largest amongst Scottish areas by GDP rank. The average gross weekly page for full time employees in East Ayrshire in 2023 was £708.80, higher than the Scotland average of £702.40. Between January–December 2023, an estimated 56,300 people were classed as economically active within East Ayrshire, with 55,600 classed as in employment, 49,400 employees of businesses or organisations, with

4452-538: The male heir to the seventh part of the lands of Waterland including a seventh part of the corn mill. The mill stood on the Lugton Water near the Lugton or Waterland Spout (waterfall) and in 1857 was shown on the Ordnance Survey map as still in use although part of the detached ancillary buildings was a ruin. By 1897 the OS maps show that the whole complex was abandoned. A local tradition was that an underground passage ran from

4536-409: The manufacture of pig iron , etc. It had been used as 'Davy Dust' to help settle the coal dust in the mines. Jamieson records that the inn at Burnhouse was nicknamed the 'Trap 'Em Inn', the one at Lugton was called the 'Lug 'Em Inn', that at Auchentiber the 'Cleek 'Em Inn', and finally the one at Torranyard was called the 'Turn 'Em Out.' A large number of small limestone quarries ware marked on

4620-464: The manufacturing of railway rolling stock in Kilmarnock which would later become exported internationally. In May 1975, the county council was abolished and its functions were transferred to Strathclyde Regional Council . Subsequently, the county area was divided between four new districts within the two-tier Strathclyde region : Cumnock and Doon Valley , Cunninghame , Kilmarnock and Loudoun and Kyle and Carrick . The Cunninghame district included

4704-747: The many types of processed lime affect how they are used. The Romans used two types of lime mortar to make Roman concrete , which allowed them to revolutionize architecture, sometimes called the Concrete revolution . Lime has many complex qualities as a building product including workability which includes cohesion, adhesion, air content, water content, crystal shape, board-life, spreadability, and flowability; bond strength; comprehensive strength; setting time; sand-carrying capacity; hydraulicity; free lime content; vapor permeability; flexibility; and resistance to sulfates. These qualities are affected by many factors during each step of manufacturing and installation, including

4788-420: The mortar slowly begins to react with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate (limestone) according to the reaction: The carbon dioxide that takes part in this reaction is principally available in the air or dissolved in rainwater so pure lime mortar will not recarbonate under water or inside a thick masonry wall. The lime cycle for dolomitic and magnesium lime is not well understood but more complex because

4872-668: The occasional salmon. Pont refers to it as the 'Ludgar' or 'Lugdurr' Loch Libo in the 14th century was referred to as Loch le Bog Syde in a charter, meaning the Bogside Loch . The Duniflat burn joins the Lugton Water from the East Ayrshire side close to the North Biggart bridge near where the Bells burn from Bells Bog on the East Renfrewshire side also has its confluence. Dobie records that in 1648 John Porterfield succeeded his father as

4956-563: The only remaining clue is an otherwise unexplained 'kink' in the line of a hedgerow. The milestones were buried during the Second World War so as not to provide assistance to invading troops, German spies, etc. This seems to have happened all over Scotland, however Fife was more fortunate than Ayrshire, for the stones were taken into storage and put back in place after the war had finished. In around 1850 iron ore deposits were found nearby and Messrs. Merry & Cunninghame, Ironmasters, built

5040-476: The original ingredients of the source of lime; added ingredients before and during firing including inclusion of compounds from the fuel exhaust; firing temperature and duration; method of slaking including a hot mix (quicklime added to sand and water to make mortar), dry slaking and wet slaking; ratio of the mixture with aggregates and water; the sizes and types of aggregate; contaminants in the mixing water; workmanship; and rate of drying during curing. Pure lime

5124-457: The original. Caldwell House was the Mure family home until 1909. In about 1770 half a dozen bronze bucklers (small shields) were dug out of a moss on Lugton ridge. They were found about 7-foot (2.1 m) down and were arranged in a circle. One was preserved, measuring nearly 27 inches (690 mm) in diameter, with a semi-globular 'umbo' or 'boss' being just over 4 inches (100 mm) in diameter. It

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5208-521: The parishes of Dunlop and Beith . In the 1830s the village consisted of only four houses: the hotel or inn, the smithy, and two toll houses. In 1845 the New Statistical Account records six other houses where spiritous liquors were sold. The road up from Uplawmoor was called the Lochlibo Road on the 1860s OS. The Lugton Inn was sadly destroyed by fire in the early 2000s. The name 'Lugton'

5292-541: The population of East Ayrshire live within and surrounding the main town, Kilmarnock . Other large population areas in East Ayrshire include Cumnock , the second-largest town, and smaller towns and villages such as Stewarton , Darvel and Hurlford . The largest school in Scotland, the Robert Burns Academy , is located in East Ayrshire at Cumnock . The area in which is now East Ayrshire features indications of early settlement as far back as 397. The presence of

5376-405: The presence of water, vapour permeability etc." Poor lime is also known as lean or meager lime. Poor lime sets and cures very slowly and has weak bonding. Poor lime is grey in color. Magnesium lime contains more than 5% magnesium oxide (BS 6100) or 5-35% magnesium carbonate (ASTM C 59-91). Dolomitic lime has a high magnesium content of 35-46% magnesium carbonate (ASTM C 59-91). Dolomitic lime

5460-480: The proposed closure of the bottling plant facility in Hill Street, and in 2012, Diageo closed the facility with the loss of 700 jobs. In December 2015, Kilmarnock was awarded the title of Scotland's Most Improved Town due to efforts towards town regeneration and restoration. In rural communities of the authority, agriculture continues to be the leading sources of employment and economic productivity, particularly in

5544-444: The quicklime to a form referred to as lime putty. Because lime has an adhesive property with bricks and stones, it is often used as a binding mortar in masonry works. It is also used in whitewashing as a wall-coat to allow the whitewash to adhere the wall. The process by which limestone (calcium carbonate) is converted to quicklime by heating, then to slaked lime by hydration, and naturally reverts to calcium carbonate by carbonation

5628-409: The reaction: Before use, quicklime is hydrated , that is combined with water, called slaking, so hydrated lime is also known as slaked lime, and is produced according to the reaction: Dry slaking is slaking quicklime with just enough water to hydrate the quicklime, but to keep it as a powder; it is referred to as hydrated lime. In wet slaking , a slight excess of water is added to hydrate

5712-468: The region, such as Auchinleck , Bellsbank and Dalmellington have struggled to recover from the economic hardship caused by the decline and gradual closure of traditional industries, and are supported through various initiatives to try and rejuvenate their economies. Kilmarnock has seen a gradual decline in manufacturing performance in recent years. In 2009, Diageo , owner of whisky maker Johnnie Walker (which had been founded in Kilmarnock) announced

5796-405: The settlements using the newly granted titles, the settlements were said to have "flourished and prospered after the granting of their Charters, with lively trade in agriculture, livestock and textiles". The arrival of the 18th century saw economic prosperity arrive in the area, with the main hub for industry arguably being Kilmarnock. During the 18th and 19th centuries, East Ayrshire became one of

5880-426: The site of the old Lugton Inn. It was later used as a smithy and is now a private dwelling. The nearby milestone read Beith 4 3 ⁄ 4 ; Ayr 22 3 ⁄ 4 ; Glasgow 14; and Irvine 11 1 ⁄ 4 miles. The name 'turnpike' originated from the original 'gate' used being just a simple wooden bar attached at one end to a hinge on the supporting post. The hinge allowed it to 'open' or 'turn' This bar looked like

5964-413: The sloping hill-side to the south-west of Lochlibo. Only one tower remained as a prominent landmark after the times of the Covenanters and today's (2007) surviving tower is this same remnant. A new mansion house was built around 1712 by William Mure on the lands of Ramshead, however the present Robert Adam designed house was built by his son, William 'Baron Mure' about 200 yards (180 m) lower down from

6048-506: The south of the county – particularly Dalrymple , Drongan , Patna and Dalmellington , the latter of which is 20 miles (32 km) south of Dundonald, South Ayrshire – became politically aligned to the East division. The local council boasts the proximity to Glasgow , the largest city in Scotland, as a unique selling point for the area. Additionally, the area is said to "combine an idyllic mix of rural beauty and urban living", and being set in

6132-540: The southern communities of the area. The public sector is the largest employer within the area, with the council and NHS Ayrshire and Arran being significant employers. Kilmarnock is home to the HALO Urban Regeneration company which was founded by Marie Macklin CBE, with a focus on providing opportunities for new businesses within the area, and with an estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) revenue of £205 million to

6216-407: The town boundaries, Craigens, Logan and Netherthird , with the former ironworks settlement of Lugar also just outside the town, contributing to a population of around 13,000 in the immediate locale. A new housing development, Knockroon , was granted planning permission on 9 December 2009 by East Ayrshire Council . The town is home to the Robert Burns Academy , a new educational campus housing

6300-549: The use of many of the resulting products date from prehistoric times in both the Old World and the New World. Lime is used extensively for wastewater treatment with ferrous sulfate . The rocks and minerals from which these materials are derived, typically limestone or chalk , are composed primarily of calcium carbonate . They may be cut, crushed, or pulverized and chemically altered. Burning ( calcination ) of calcium carbonate in

6384-404: The various Halket Farms and that of Lochridgehills Farm. Lugton was on two toll roads or turnpikes; one going to Kilmarnock and Ayr and the other to Irvine. The Glasgow by Lugton, to Kilmarnock, Irvine and Ayr turnpike was completed in 1820 at the cost of £18,000. The tollhouse on the Kilmarnock road stood opposite the stationmaster's house for Lugton station, the other still stands at the back of

6468-532: Was a dwelling with the unlikely name of 'Lions Den', possibly a corruption of 'Linn' as the farm of Linnhead is in the vicinity. East Ayrshire 55°30′N 4°18′W  /  55.5°N 4.3°W  / 55.5; -4.3 East Ayrshire ( Scots : Aest Ayrshire ; Scottish Gaelic : Siorrachd Àir an Ear ) is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland . It shares borders with Dumfries and Galloway , East Renfrewshire , North Ayrshire , South Ayrshire and South Lanarkshire . The headquarters of

6552-627: Was commissioned to replace the Kilmarnock Infirmary , began on the site in August 1972 with completion expected in May 1977. The contractor, Melville Dundas & Whitson , encountered difficulties with the water supply and ventilation systems and the facility was only officially opened by George Younger , Secretary of State for Scotland , as Crosshouse Hospital in June 1984. A new maternity unit, which replaced

6636-484: Was considered an important economic asset across the area, particularly in communities such as Dalmellington and Patna . Additionally, iron making was developed at locations such as at Dunaskin in the Doon Valley, ultimately in which all were contributed to the importance of industry in East Ayrshire. The areas strength in industry and manufacturing allowed other sectors to develop in many parts of East Ayrshire, including

6720-468: Was created in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 , which replaced Scotland's previous local government structure of upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts with unitary council areas providing all local government services. East Ayrshire covered the combined area of the abolished Kilmarnock and Loudoun and Cumnock and Doon Valley districts, and also took over the functions of

6804-596: Was erected in Loan Green in Mauchline, commemorating the five martyrs who were hanged at the site in 1685. During the 17th century, the establishment of 'Burghs of Barony' titles evolved. Many towns in modern day East Ayrshire were granted charters which allowed them to use the newly created title. Such towns and settlements which were granted Burgh of Barony status included Newmilns in 1491, Auchinleck in 1507, Cumnock in 1509, Kilmarnock in 1592 and Riccarton in 1638. With

6888-509: Was named as the UK Council of the Year. In 2016, East Ayrshire Council was awarded and recognised for its recycling and resource management. Historically the economy of East Ayrshire was dependent on industries such as coal mining , textiles and general manufacturing which largely fell into decline in Scotland during the 1970s and 1980s. Certain parts of East Ayrshire, particularly in the south of

6972-474: Was run by the Reid family. A lime works had existed near Lugton as far back as 1829: it is shown on Aitken's map of Cunninghgame. A modern lime works was more recently established at the top of the belt of limestone, now worked out, by Reid of Halket and later sold to R. Howie & Sons in 1947. Limestone is now brought to the site from elsewhere and the finished lime is used by farmers , in tarmacadam , previously in

7056-582: Was struck by a railway locomotive on 1 October 1870 on the line near the Lugton Viaduct. The Lugton Ridges were part of the Barony of Giffen in the Parish of Beith. One of these ridges also had the name of Deepstone. Halket or Hawkhead Loch, now drained, covered about 10 acres (40,000 m) and was drained in the 1840s. It is shown on the early maps of Ayrshire, such as Timothy Pont 's map of 1604. Above it in 1820

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