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44-884: Ludovisi can refer to: Ludovisi (family) , a noble Italian family Ludovisi papacy of Pope Gregory XV Cardinals Ludovisi Cardinal Alessandro Ludovisi , later Pope Gregory XV Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi (the Pope's Cardinal Nephew and Orazio's son) Cardinal Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi (Ludovico's cousin), Prince of Piombino Non-ecclesiastic family members Orazio Ludovisi (Pope Gregory XV's brother), Italian military commander and patrician of Bologna Niccolò Ludovisi (Orazio's son), Prince of Piombino Giovan Battista Ludovisi (Niccolò's son), Prince of Piombino Olimpia Ludovisi (Niccolò's daughter and grand-niece of two popes) Ippolita Ludovisi (Niccolò's daughter and grand-niece of two popes) Villa Ludovisi ,

88-551: A Bolognese castle), who was adopted by his maternal uncle Giovanni Ludovisi, without descendants and with whom the family would have died out. Bertrando then inherited the surname and the coat of arms of the Ludovisi, and, through his descendants, began a new dynasty. During his political career, he was a member of the Council of the Elders of Bologna from 1458 to 1465. His son, Girolamo Ludovisi,

132-596: A considerable time, two great factions, or associations of families. The Orsini , Cesarini , Borghese , Aldobrandini , Ludovisi , and Giustiniani were with the Pamphili ; while opposed to them, was the house of Colonna and the Barberini . Popes commonly elevated members of prominent families to the position of Cardinal ; especially second and third sons who would not otherwise inherit hereditary titles. Popes also elevated their own family members – especially nephews – to

176-552: A high court ruling in 1967 definitively established that the heraldic-nobiliary legislation of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) is not current law, the title of the head of the noble family is still accorded to all descendants as courtesy titles . The southern kingdoms of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia, as well as the Papal states, granted titles as in monarchies such as Spain, France, or England: duke, marquis, count, baron. The title of viscount

220-574: A matter of social courtesy and are not recognised under the law. A limited number of noble titles granted by the pope were formally acknowledged according to Article 42 of the Lateran Treaty until its abrogation in 1985. Before the unification of Italy (1861) there were many members of the nobility in Italy. In the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, Italy was home to a myriad of noble families that had risen to prominence via judicial appointment, election to

264-536: A more ancient descent, or were generally traced to an obscure, or even a low origin. The Sicilian nobility was a privileged hereditary class in the Kingdom of Sicily , the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Kingdom of Italy , whose origins may be traced to the 11th century AD. The Romans , Byzantines and Saracens exported different elements of their aristocratic structures to the island of Sicily , however, it

308-449: A papal relative. Families that had previously been limited to agricultural or mercantile ventures found themselves, sometimes within only one or two generations, elevated to the Roman nobility when a relative was elected to the papal throne. Modern Italy is dotted with the fruits of their success – various family palazzi stand today as a testament to their sometimes meteoric rise to power. In

352-560: A sign of distinction between the nobility granted "to the Milanese by their duke" and that granted by "foreigners". The Venetian Patriciate was one of the three social bodies into which the society of the Republic of Venice was divided, together with citizens and foreigners. Patrizio was the noble title of the members of the aristocracy ruling the city of Venice and the Republic. The title

396-529: A specific legal status and held most of the wealth and various privileges denied to other classes, mainly politicians. In most of the former Italian pre-unification states, it was the only class that had access to high-level government positions. They also practically monopolized the most distinguished positions in the city-states and in the Catholic Church for a long time. There were several different systems of nobility over time and in different regions. From

440-539: A suburban villa in Rome, built in the 17th century for Cardinal Ludovico, destroyed in the 19th century; its territory becoming the Ludovisi rione. Casino di Villa Boncompagni Ludovisi , a remaining portion of the villa, now housing the U.S. Embassy in Italy Palazzo Boncompagni Ludovisi , a remaining portion of the villa Juno Ludovisi , a colossal Roman marble head from a statue of Antonia Minor as

484-453: A uniform nobiliary law, was created, including male succession (although it was possible for ancient titles to be transferred to an heir in the female line by royal authority), and some acknowledgement was made by the King of Italy of titles conferred by Francis II of the Two Sicilies in exile by making new grants in the same name. Those nobles who maintained allegiance to the pope became known as

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528-572: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ludovisi (family) The House of Ludovisi was an Italian noble family, originating from Bologna . They had close ties with the Papacy and were influential in the Papal States . Alessandro Ludovisi became a cardinal and later Pope Gregory XV . His cardinal-nephew was Ludovico Ludovisi . Beginning in 1634 with Niccolò I Ludovisi , one branch of

572-572: The Black Nobility . After the unification of Italy, its kings continued to create titles of nobility for eminent Italians, this time valid for all Italian territory. For example, General Enrico Cialdini was created Duca di Gaeta for his role during unification. The practice continued until the 20th century, when nominations would be made by the Prime Minister of Italy and approved by the Crown. In

616-524: The Middle Ages until March 1861, Italy was not a single country. It was a region consisting of a number of separate kingdoms and other states, with many reigning dynasties . These were often related by marriage to each other and to other European royal families. Recognition of Italian nobility ceased with the creation of the Italian Republic in 1946. Although many titles still exist, they are used as

660-569: The Risorgimento on 17 March 1861, when most of the states of the peninsula and Kingdom of the Two Sicilies were united under King Victor Emmanuel II of the Savoy dynasty, hitherto monarch of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which included Piedmont . The architect of Italian unification was Count Camillo Benso di Cavour , the Chief Minister of Victor Emmanuel. Rome itself remained for a further decade under

704-549: The "new" noble homelands: Sansepolcro , San Miniato , Livorno , Pescia and Prato . Overall, the Florentine nobility was divided into feudal, senatorial and priority. In Milan , the first officially drawn up list of nobility was the " Matricula nobilium familiarum Mediolani" by Ottone Visconti , dated 20 April 1377, in which, however, only the noble Milanese families who helped the Visconti family in their seizure of power over

748-471: The French seigneur , a title introduced into Italy by the 11th century Normans), vassalli ( vassals ) or cavalieri (knights). Eventually, this class came to be known collectively as the baroni (barons); in Italy barone was not always a title descriptive of a particular feudal rank. During the 14th century, most minor feudal lands became baronies, their holders barons. It must be observed that

792-577: The Papacy, and became part of the Kingdom of Italy only in 1870. In September of that year, invading Italian troops entered the Papal state, and the ensuing occupation forced Pope Pius IX to his palace where he declared himself a prisoner in the Vatican, as did his successors, until the Lateran Pacts of 1929. Under the united Kingdom of Italy a new national nobility, an attempt (not wholly successful) to impose

836-502: The Republic was in fact ruled as an oligarchy by about 20 to 30 families of Venice's urban nobility, who elected the Doge , held political and military offices and directly participated in the daily governing of the state. They were predominantly merchants , with their main source of income being trade with the East and other entrepreneurial activities, on which they became incredibly wealthy. Some of

880-909: The Sicilian nobility. Over the centuries many families emerged as landed aristocracy or nobility similar to the English gentry and peerage . During this period, throughout Italy various influential families came to positions of power through the election of a family member as Pope or were elevated into the ranks of nobility through ecclesiastical promotion. These families freely intermarried with aristocratic nobility. Like other noble families, those with both papal power and money were able to purchase comunes or other tracts of land and elevate family patriarchs and other relatives to noble titles. Hereditary patriarchs were appointed Duke , Marquis and even Prince of various 16th and 17th century principalities . According to Ranke: Under Innocent X there existed, for

924-751: The XVI rione in the City of Rome Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum , a National Gallery of Modern Art in rome, Italy Palazzo Ludovisi , a palace in Rome also built for Cardinal Ludovico; now the seat of the Italian Chamber of Deputies Ludovisi Throne , a sculpted block of white marble hollowed at the back and carved with bas-reliefs on the three outer faces, from about 460 BCE Great Ludovisi sarcophagus , an ancient Roman sarcophagus dating to around 250–260 AD See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Ludovisi Topics referred to by

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968-629: The aftermath of the First World War , most Italians who were ennobled received their titles through the patronage of the Mussolini government. Examples include General Armando Diaz ( Duca della Vittoria ), Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel ( Duca del Mare ), Commodore Luigi Rizzo ( Conte di Grado e di Premuda ), Costanzo Ciano ( Conte di Cortellazzo i Buccari ), Dino Grandi ( Conte di Mordano ) and Cesare Maria de Vecchi ( Conte di Val Cismon ). Many of these were victory titles for services rendered to

1012-484: The case of the Republic of Genoa , through the Constitutional Reform and the laws of 1528, 1548 and 1575, an aristocratic republic was inaugurated, which would last until 1797. With the constitutional reform of 1528, belonging to a albergo became from optional to compulsory, effectively transforming the alberghi into lists of registration to the city nobility recognized by the government. The reform required that

1056-425: The city was increasingly predisposed to become court nobility, in the direct service of the duke, especially in the field of arms and alliances for war purposes. These families, during this period, played a fundamental role in the politics of the territory, without ever completely outclassing the figure of the duke. Most of the Milanese patriciate is linked to this period, which in the following centuries will constitute

1100-575: The existence of the Kingdom of Sardinia , the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (before 1816: the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Sicily ), the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , the Duchy of Parma , the Duchy of Modena , the Duchy of Savoy , the Papal States and the Austrian Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia led to parallel nobilities with different traditions and rules. Modern Italy became a nation-state during

1144-621: The family ruled the Principality of Piombino . They owned the Villa Ludovisi in Rome. In 1894, they sold their art collection to the state. Alberico Boncompagni Ludovisi, prince of Venosa , was a winemaker at his estate Fiorano from the late 1940s to 1995. The Ludovisi were an ancient noble family originally from Bologna. It originated from a certain Bertrando di Monterenzio, also called Bertrando di Monterenzoli (the name derived from that of

1188-603: The former being noted for traditionally electing the first Doge in 697 AD. The New houses were no less significant, as many became very prominent and important in influencing the history of the Republic of Venice . The families were furthermore divided into several other "categories", including Ducal houses (which gave Doges), Newest houses ( Case nuovissime ), Non-Venetian patricians, and "Houses made for money" (usually very wealthy landowning or bourgeoise families enriched through trade). Although there were numerous noble houses across Venice's home and overseas land possessions,

1232-733: The goddess Juno Ludovisi Dionysus , a Roman work of the 2nd century CE, first displayed in front of the Palazzo Grande, at the Villa Ludovisi Ludovisi Ares , an Antonine Roman marble sculpture of Mars Ludovisi Gaul , a Roman marble group depicting a man in the act of plunging a sword into his breast Audoenus Ludovisi (Owen Lewis; 1532-1594), Welsh Roman Catholic jurist, administrator, diplomat, and Bishop of Cassano all'Jonio Francesco Boncompagni Ludovisi (1886–1955), Italian politician Felice Ludovisi (1912-20), Italian architect and academici Ludovisi, Lazio ,

1276-689: The king of Italy for titles of nobility. For example, Marshal Pietro Badoglio was created Marchese del Sabotino and later Duke of Addis Abeba , while General Rodolfo Graziani became Marchese di Neghelli . In 1946, the Kingdom of Italy was replaced by a republic . Under the Italian Constitution adopted in 1948, titles of nobility, although still used as a courtesy, are not legally recognised. Certain predicati ( territorial designations ) recognised before 1922 may continue to be attached to surnames and used in legal documents. Often these were historic feudal territories of noble families. Although

1320-580: The most important families, who dominated the politics and the history of the state, include those such as the Contarini , Cornaro , Dandolo , Giustiniani , Loredan , Mocenigo , Arellano , Morosini and the Venier families. In the years preceding the political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy ,

1364-565: The municipality of Milan were listed, therefore considered the most faithful and ancient nobility in the future lifetime of the city. From 5 September 1395 the Dukes of Milan officially obtained the right to grant nobility to as many nobles as there were, consistent with the recognition of the Duchy of Milan . During the whole ducal period, first of the Visconti and then of the Sforza , the nobility residing in

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1408-470: The nation in the Great War. The writer and aviator Gabriele d'Annunzio was created Principe di Montenevoso in 1924, and the physicist, inventor, and Nobel laureate Guglielmo Marconi was also ennobled in 1924 as Marchese Marconi . In 1937, Ettore Tolomei was ennobled as Conte della Vetta . When Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli became Pope in 1939, Mussolini had the title of Principe posthumously bestowed on

1452-541: The new Pontiff's brother Francesco Pacelli , who had already been made a Marchese by the Holy See during his lifetime. In 1929, the Lateran Treaty acknowledged all Papal titles created before that date and undertook to give unquestioned recognition to titles conferred by the Holy See on Italian citizens in the future. After the successful Italian invasion of Abyssinia , the Mussolini government recommended some Italians to

1496-520: The other Italian states, the Consulta Araldica (the Italian college of arms) integrated these different and varied systems into the hierarchy described below. The official ranks under the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) were: This hierarchy resulted from the overlapping of titles granted by the pre-unification states, though these were different from each other. By 1946, with abolition of the monarchy,

1540-498: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ludovisi . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludovisi&oldid=1192643601 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Italian-language surnames Hidden categories: Short description

1584-505: The special position of Cardinal-Nephew . Prominent families could purchase curial offices for their sons and regularly did, hoping that the son would rise through Church ranks to become a Bishop or a Cardinal, from which position they could dispense further titles and positions of authority to other family members. The period was famous for papal nepotism and many families, such as the Barberini and Pamphili, benefited greatly from having

1628-515: The use of these titles usually required some form of sovereign award or feudal tenure. During the Renaissance, noble families conquered most of the Italian city-states except the republics of Venice, Genoa , Lucca , San Marino and Ragusa . Until 1806, parts of the present-day Italy formed the Kingdom of Italy, belonging to the Holy Roman Empire . When in 1861 the king of Sardinia annexed

1672-453: The various regional senates or appointment to Catholic Church office. There were also families which had been part of Italian nobility for many decades or even centuries. Writing in the 19th century, Leopold von Ranke recorded: In the middle of the 17th century there were computed to be fifty noble families in Rome of three hundred years' standing, thirty-five of two hundred, and sixteen of one hundred years. None were permitted to claim

1716-418: The wealthiest citizens who owned six or more houses should originate a distinct albergo. On that occasion, it was decided to establish a single Order of noble citizens, otherwise known as Old Nobles, divided into twenty-three old and already existing alberghi and five new ones were created for the occasion. These associations were to prevent the resurgence of ancient hostilities and protect the wealth and power of

1760-496: The wealthiest families. The Florentine , and later Tuscan nobility distinguished itself in the two classes of Patricians, recognized as noble since before 1532, belonging to the Order of Saint Stephen , and residing only in the ancient noble homelands: Florence , Siena , Pisa , Pistoia , Arezzo , Volterra , Montepulciano and Cortona . And of the nobles, simple nobility, civic nobility, senators and commanders, with residence of

1804-509: Was a senator and gonfalonier of Bologna, only to be deposed by the Bentivoglio family in 1511 and murdered. Girolamo's son, Niccolò Ludovisi, was count of Samoggia and Tiola and again a senator. But it was from Ludovico Ludovisi, brother of Niccolò, and from his son, Pompeo Ludovisi, that the one who gave the real beginning to the fortunes of the dynasty was born: Alessandro Ludovisi, future Pope Gregory XV . Italian nobility Nobles had

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1848-434: Was abbreviated, in front of the name, by the initials N.H. ( Nobil Homo ), together with the feminine variant N.D. ( Nobildonna ). Holding the title of a Venetian patrician was a great honour and many European kings and princes, as well as foreign noble families, are known to have asked for and obtained the prestigious title. The noble houses were primarily divided into Old ( Case vecchie ) and New houses ( Case nuove ), with

1892-521: Was not until the Norman invasion of 1061, led by Roger I de Hauteville , that the Sicilian aristocracy and feudal system took root. Over the centuries, established noble families were advanced through the aristocratic ranks. By the 18th century, the titles principe , duca and marchese were held by many men whose ancestors, only several centuries earlier, had been barons and lords. Conte , signore and cavaliere are titles that have been used by

1936-491: Was not, however, as frequent in Italy as elsewhere. Joseph Bonaparte conferred the title "prince" to be hereditary on his children and grandchildren. Often, Italian comunes (also in the Kingdom of Naples ) and republics granted or recognised the title of Patrician (post-Roman Europe) The Republic of Venice also granted feudal titles. In the Middle Ages: The majority of feudatories were simply signori (from

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