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38-712: The name "Loo" derives from the name of an Abazin feudal family, Lau or Loo. Until 1864, Ubykhs from the Vardane community lived in the Loo river valley. On the sea coast was the aul of Ismail Barakai Dzepsh, one of the Ubykh leaders during the Caucasian War . Since 1872, the Loo river basin is the property of Vardane. The ruins of a medieval Abkhaz temple, known as the Loo Temple, were preserved in

76-707: A laqab , a type of Arabic name , and of an ethnonym , the name of a people or ethnic group. Some intermarriage with the ruling Turkish elite in Egypt is also reported. Of their Abazin Circassian roots one scholar remarks that "the Abazas remain notoriously blonde and pink-cheeked, a living proof of continued Circassian and Turkish intermarriage." They are also noted for extensive intermarrying with fellow elite families: "The Abazinians in Egypt have managed to become part of Egypt's elite. For many generations they have inter-married with

114-576: A Northwest Caucasian language most closely related to Abkhaz , and more distantly related to the Ubykh and Circassian languages. There are two dialects of Abaza spoken in Karachay-Cherkessia: Ashkharua and Tapanta . The culture and traditions of the Abazin are similar to those of the Circassians. On many old maps Abazin territory is marked as part of Circassia (Adygea). According to

152-671: A highly stratified... pyramidal order". The family had its own football team competing with Egypt's major clubs in the early half of the 20th century and its own journal. Their most famous wins were covered in English media in 1916 and 1917 with two reported wins against Qatar . A lentil dish attributed to the family is known in the country as " 'ads abazy" ( Arabic : عدس أباظي ). The family has had members in almost every Egyptian parliament, mostly in Sharqia districts, their original historical stronghold. A famous 21st-century election included

190-519: A large, magnificently ornamented tent they had erected at the train station". After the 1952 removal of King Farouk of Egypt , several Abazas lost feudal lands following the Egyptian land reform . The family is not associated with a single political stance as in the early 20th century it decided to allow all members to hold any political position and run for office with any party with the caveat that "no two Abazas [can] run against each other". During

228-538: Is an Egyptian aristocratic family of maternal Abazin , Circassian , and paternal Egyptian origins whose historical stronghold is in the Nile Delta . "Deeply rooted in Egyptian society... [and] in the history of the country", it has had an influence from the late 18th century to modern times. It is known for producing literary and cultural figures, nobles, officials, technocrats, governors, and politicians under

266-798: The 2010 Russian census , there were 43,341 Abazins in Russia. An Abazin diaspora exists in Turkey , Egypt and in Middle Eastern countries such as Jordan and Syria , most of which are descendants of muhajirs from the Caucasian War with the Russian Empire . There is a significant Abazin presence in Turkey. An estimated 150,000 Abaza live in the provinces of Eskişehir , Samsun , Yozgat , Adana , Kayseri , and Sakarya , as well as İzmit and İstanbul . Most of them belong to Ashkharua clan that fought against

304-460: The Muhammad Ali dynasty in the 19th and early 20th century and during the republican period in the 20th and 21st centuries. They are sometimes referred to as "the family of the pashas " for having produced Egypt's largest number of nobles . The family's impact on Egyptian and Arabic culture, literature, academia, journalism and cinema has been substantial. Their contributions were through

342-789: The Northwest Caucasus , closely related to the Abkhaz and Circassian peoples. Now, they live mostly in Turkey , Syria , Jordan , Egypt and in Karachay-Cherkessia and Stavropol Krai in the North Caucasus region of Russia . The Tapanta ( ru:Тапанта ), a branch of the Abaza, lived between the Besleney and Kabardian princedoms on the upper Kuban. Abaza people historically speak the Abaza language ,

380-409: The "centralized nature of Muhammed Ali's regime", the integration of local elites in the state's administration was part of his governing policy. The provincial elites were "given lands" integrating the new system with existing "local interests" and documents that "one instance of this" was the Abaza family. Hassan Abaza is widely considered to be the modern founding father of the family due to heading

418-406: The 19th century "reign of Muhammad Ali ". They are thought to number in the many thousands, with sources varying in their estimates. However, these numbers are thought to be highly unreliable as no local censuses of Circassian communities exist due to a general "lack in demographic data on minorities in Egypt". Sources indicate that the Abaza family was well established in the Nile Delta by

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456-492: The Abaza family had "long-established economic and political clout in Egypt". Historians document that with time people started to "distinguish between Awlad al-Aydeh [Children of al-Aydeh] and Awlad al-Abazyya [Children of the Abaza Lady]" and her eldest son began to be called " Ibn al-Abazyya [Son of the Abaza Lady]". This was "the beginning of the split between the two groups" into two distinct families or clans. Thus,

494-429: The Abazas the only family to hold two seats at the same time and starting their tradition as a parliamentary dynasty. Aharoni further documents that the monarchy allowed in certain instances elites "bequeath their posts to their sons". The Abaza family is recorded as a notable instance of this, for example, al-Sayed Pasha Abaza "inherited the position of nizar qism from "his father Hassan Abaza". The monarchy endowed

532-527: The Abazinia region via contact with the Nogais and other Muslim people. The Abazins adopted Islam via the influence of Muslim merchants and missionaries from the 16th to 19th centuries. Abaza family The Abaza family ( Abaza : Абаза ; Arabic : عائلة أباظة , romanized :  ʻĀʼilat Abāẓah , or آل أباظة , Āl Abāẓah ; Egyptian Arabic : عيلة أباظة , romanized:  ʻĪleht Abāẓah )

570-554: The CBC Two program where this was discussed, Mahmoud Abaza, opposition leader under Mubarak 's regime, clarified that in the rare cases where two Abazas ran in an election against each other the apparent rule is "to put all support behind the stronger [candidate]" and that "no other rules exist". This led to situations where one Abaza was a minister in the governing regime and another was Mahmoud Abaza as opposition leader (see below). Anti-feudal and anti-classist politics also exists within

608-586: The Tsarist army and emigrated to Turkey after losing the battle of Kbaada ( Krasnaya Polyana in today's Sochi ), whereas the Tapanta clan fought with the Russian forces. A prominent example in Egypt is the Abaza family , a large Egyptian Abazin clan. Historically, the Abazin engaged in animal herding and some farming. The Abazins are dominantly Sunni Muslims. The Abazins first encountered Islam during their migrations to

646-539: The Yemenese contingents of the initial Islamic conquerors of Egypt [639-642 AD]... [and] the ancient tribal confederation of Judham ". Ibn Khaldun wrote that Banu Judham originate from Kahlan . Historian al-Maqrizi agrees that al-Ayed descend from Banu Judham . The non-Abaza patriarch who married the Abazin matriarch was Sheikh Muhammed al-Ayedi (Egyptian Arabic: الشيخ محمد العايدي ). Al-Sayyid-Marsot reports that

684-456: The city beach at 10:10 Moscow Time . One of the people that died was a female resident of Kyiv born in 1986, the other was a male resident of Rostov-on-Don born in 1977. In recent years, a number of private hotels and cottages appeared in Loo. Abazins The Abazin , Abazinians or Abaza ( Abaza and Abkhaz : Абаза; Circassian : Абазэхэр; Russian : Абазины ; Turkish : Abazalar ; Arabic : أباظة ) are an ethnic group of

722-464: The city"] of the province of Sharqia . Hassan Abaza " served in higher positions than that of village shaikh, for he became nazir , then mamur , then bash [Pasha] muawin of the provinces of Sharqiyya and Daqahliyya ", two of the multiple provinces Abazas governed again in the following centuries. Hassan and his brother, Sheikh Boghdady Abaza, "served in Ibrahim Pasha 's Majlis making

760-477: The country are named after members of the family including at least one street and one government school named after Aziz Pasha Abaza and streets named after other family members, for example, Ismail Pasha Abaza. In addition, numerous ' ezbas ' (farming estates and villages) in the Sharqia Governorate and other Nile Delta provinces are named after family members. Forbes lists Hussein Abaza as one of

798-429: The creation of a children's cartoon named 'Abaza', and the program was forced off the air. In the same year Egyptian satellite channel CBC Two aired a one-hour documentary about the family. They are also known for producing many CEOs and owners of businesses and corporations. Their combined wealth is unknown. The family features a substantial number of famous or influential members and thus this section will keep to

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836-460: The families that "inherited parliament". In the 2015 parliamentary elections , three members of the Abaza family won seats in the House of Representatives and this was criticized by some in the media referring to their win as "dynastic heredity". For decades, the family had a political monopoly over several districts. In modern times media has critically remarked that "no parliamentary elections since

874-566: The family at the time of their modern ascendance. He was called " Sheikh of the Arabs". Relatively rare in this exalted long-form, it derives from the ancient honorific title ' Sheikh ' given to a variety of people including the heads of sufficiently influential families or tribes regardless of ethnic origin. Aharoni reports that Hassan Abaza was also the Shiekh el Balad [Sheikh of the Province or "chief of

912-562: The family with more villages and lands allowing the Abazas to flourish. Their lands extended beyond their Sharqia stronghold to the Beheira Governate . For example, "Sayed Pasha Abaza mudir [governor] of Beheira Province left some 6,000 feddan ....in 1875-1876" to his descendants. Their influence further extended to the Nile Delta provinces of Al-Qalyubia , Monufia , and Dakahlia . It has been argued that Ismail Pasha Abaza

950-450: The family's 2005 winning challenge to Gamal Mubarak 's and the Mubarak regime's candidate in a Sharqia district with the former New Wafd Party opposition leader Mahmoud Abaza. Family members also regularly feature in Egyptian cabinets and hold minister, deputy minister, assistant minister and other government and technocratic positions in state institutions. As mentioned above, Amin Abaza

988-432: The family. Perhaps the most thorough example is a book by Mona Abaza, a prominent Egyptian sociologist. In her lengthy scholarly ethnographic study of her family's feudal estate she is explicit about her experience of how ordinary farmers treated members of the family writing critically that she was "astonish[ed] at ...[a] peasant’s extraordinarily subservient behavior to a fifteen-year-old girl... no peasant in older times

1026-462: The initial matriarchal founder of the family is only known as 'Abaza' or 'the Abaza Lady' ( Arabic : الأباظية , romanized :  al-Abazyya ), and her personal name is lost to history. It is rare but not unknown for a Muslim family to be named after a woman but the family's name fits with Muslim practices of naming people and families after places of origin or ethnicities. It is an example of

1064-410: The late 18th century especially in their stronghold, Sharqia . Historian al-Sayyid-Marsot states that the Abaza family were named after "a beloved grandmother ... or her place of birth". This maternal ancestor married the head of the powerful al-Ayed family ( Arabic : العائد ; Egyptian Arabic : العايدي , romanized:  al-Ayedi ) before the reign of Muhammad Ali of Egypt . The "marriage

1102-518: The memoirs of Ahmed Urabi Pasha . Additionally, Ismail Pasha Abaza "believed he could secure national rights" through negotiation with the British and went to England to attempt this. A famous display of their clout was during the accession of the young King Farouk , when the Abaza family "solicited palace authorities to permit the royal train to stop briefly at one of their villages", so that "the king could partake in refreshments which were offered in

1140-536: The mountains near Loo, approximately 200 meters (660 ft) high. The northern wall of the temple, being built from limestone blocks, was preserved better than the remaining parts. The temple is 11 meters (36 ft) wide and 20 meters (66 ft) long, and the thickness of the temple walls exceeds 1 meter (3.3 ft). On August 7, 2008, a terrorist attack occurred on the beach of Loo, in which two people were killed and 15 people were injured. Eight people were hospitalized. The unidentified exploding device went off on

1178-489: The movers and shakers of Egypt". Historian Robert Springborg documents that Abazas in Egypt are "virtually all descendants" of 19th century figures like Sheikh of the Arabs Hassan Abaza and his brother Sheikh Boghdady Abaza and "they maybe considered as constituting one family". Reuven Aharoni in his historical study of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty discusses the Abaza family's rise. He states that despite

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1216-652: The reign of Muhammed Ali was free of the Abazas". As of 2024, General Hani Deri Abaza, Ahmed Fuad Abaza, and Vadji Hussain Abaza are members of the Egyptian House of Representatives . In addition, Yousra Fuad Abaza is a member of the Egyptian Senate . Many villages in the Nile Delta are named after members of the family. At least one city square in Zagazig and another in Cairo are named 'Abaza'. Roads and institutions in

1254-658: The top Arab CEOs in the world, for heading the Commercial International Bank . Another family member, Hussein Mohammed Abaza serves as an international consultant for sustainable development and green economy in the Egyptian government and as an advisor to the Minister of the Environment. He also is a member of the government's National Initiative for Green Projects. In 2014, the family sued Sada Elbalad TV for

1292-405: The works of authors, journalists, and activists Ismail Pasha Abaza and Fekry Pasha Abaza , author Ibrahim Desouky Pasha Abaza, poet Aziz Pasha Abaza , novelist Tharwat Abaza , sociologist Mona Abaza, actor Rushdy Abaza , multiple other actors and directors, among others in various fields. Sometimes the family has been criticized for "monopolizing" several parliamentary districts since

1330-516: Was a minister at the same time Mahmoud Abaza was the leader of the official opposition during the final Hosni Mubarak government. The family has also held governorships many times in both the monarchical and current periods, especially in the Nile delta. Some Egyptian media in the 21st century have referred to them as one of the "families that rule the country" due to the number of politicians, officials, and members of parliament it produced, and as one of

1368-404: Was a precursor and "rehearsal" for Ahmed Urabi Pasha , the revolutionary Egyptian 'national hero', due to his "[having] the first positive and effective political role [in anti-occupation politics] ...[with] great importance and relevance to the burgeoning national movement" and by having influential and "good relations with [royal ruler] Khedive Abbas Helmi " of Egypt. This was also documented in

1406-433: Was allowed to stare at the ladies of the da’ira [the estate], or even to confront them face to face... all the ladies of the da’ira had to be addressed in the masculine as a sign of their superiority." She also documented at length the hierarchical and oppressive nature of the production process standard at the time in large aristocratic estates with documentation that "reveal an incredible obsession [for] controlling...[in]

1444-478: Was during the reign of the" Mamluks and "under Ottoman rule". Note that under Ottoman rule Mamluks continued to act as governors of the country until Muhammad Ali's rise to power meaning that the marriage could have taken place both under Ottoman rule and Mamluk governance. David E. Millis writes of the Abaza family's marriage with the al-Ayed clan reporting that the latter's history in Egypt covers over 1400 years. He states al-Ayed trace "their origin back to

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