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34-710: The International was formed in 1932, following a fringe meeting at the Socialist International conference in Vienna in 1931. The IRMC underwent a variety of names. It was initially called the Committee of Independent Revolutionary Socialist Parties and later the International Bureau of Revolutionary Socialist Unity , but throughout the period it was generally known simply as the London Bureau (and nicknamed by some

68-788: A left split from the Social Democratic Party of Germany founded in 1931, co-operated with the International Left Opposition briefly in 1933 but soon abandoned the call for a new International. The secretariat of the International Centre remained with the British Independent Labour Party (ILP) for all but one of the eight years 1932–1940. Fenner Brockway , ILP leader, was chairman of the Bureau for most of this period, while in 1939, Julián Gorkin of

102-630: A result of the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis , the Ivorian Popular Front was expelled in March 2011, in accordance with section 7.1 of the statutes of the Socialist International. These decisions were approved at the subsequent SI Congress in Cape Town in 2012 in line with section 5.1.3 of the statutes. These were long term ruling parties of one-party states that were overthrown in the protests of

136-588: A successor to the Labour and Socialist International , it has antecedents in the late 19th century. The organisation currently includes 132 member parties and organisations from over 100 countries. Its members have governed in many countries, including most of Europe. In 2013, a schism in the SI led to the establishment of the Progressive Alliance . The current secretary general of the SI is Benedicta Lasi of Ghana and

170-464: Is a political international of progressive and social democratic political parties and organisations founded on 22 May 2013 in Leipzig , Germany . The alliance was formed as an alternative to the existing Socialist International , of which many of its member parties are former or current members. The Progressive Alliance claims to have 140 participants from around the world. The first step towards

204-495: The 3½ International , in an analogy with the so-called 2½ International of 1921-3), although its headquarters were transferred from London to Paris in 1939 (on the grounds that in addition to the French affiliate, five parties-in-exile had their central committees there). Its youth wing was the International Bureau of Revolutionary Youth Organizations . For a period, the IRMC was close to

238-486: The Arab Spring . On 22 May 2013 the Social Democratic Party of Germany along with some other current and former member parties of the SI founded a rival international network of social-democratic parties known as the Progressive Alliance , citing the perceived undemocratic and outmoded nature of the SI, as well as the Socialist International's admittance and continuing inclusion of undemocratic political movements into

272-710: The Communist International ("Comintern"), the Third International, at a meeting in Moscow . Some parties did not want to be a part of the resurrected Second International (ISC) or Comintern. They formed the International Working Union of Socialist Parties (IWUSP, also known as Vienna International, Vienna Union, or Two-and-a-Half International) on 27 February 1921 at a conference in Vienna . The ISC and

306-969: The Contras after such support was banned by Congress . In the late 1970s and in the 1980s the SI had extensive contacts and discussion with the two leading powers of the Cold War period, the United States and the Soviet Union , on issues concerning East–West relations and arms control. The SI supported détente and disarmament agreements, such as SALT II, START and INF . They had several meetings and discussion in Washington, D.C. , with President Jimmy Carter and Vice President George Bush and in Moscow with Secretaries General Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev . The SI's delegations to these discussions were led by

340-809: The Finnish Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa . Since then, the SI has admitted as members an increasing number of parties and organisations from Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America (see below for current list). Following the Tunisian Revolution , the Constitutional Democratic Rally was expelled from the SI in January 2011; later that month the Egyptian National Democratic Party was also expelled; and as

374-692: The Swedish Social Democratic Party – or downgraded their membership to observer status – for example, the British Labour Party and the Norwegian Labour Party (DNA). These parties now concentrate their international links on the Progressive Alliance, with the SI's focus now increasingly being on the global south. For a long time, the Socialist International remained distant from Latin America, considering

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408-568: The Trotskyist movement and the International Left Opposition . In the early 1930s, Leon Trotsky and his supporters believed that Stalin's influence over the Third International could still be fought from within and slowly rolled back. They organised themselves into the International Left Opposition in 1930, which was intended to be a group of anti-Stalinist dissenters within the Third International. Stalin's supporters, who dominated

442-709: The "Declaration of Four". Of those, two soon distanced themselves from the agreement, but the Dutch Revolutionary Socialist Party worked with the International Left Opposition to declare the International Communist League . The Spanish section merged with the Spanish section of ICO, forming the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification ( POUM ). Trotsky claimed the merger was to be a capitulation to centrism. The Socialist Workers' Party of Germany ,

476-535: The 1990s, it was joined by non-socialist parties that took note of the economic power of the European countries governed or to be governed by their partners across the Atlantic and calculated the benefits they could derive from it. During this period, "the Socialist International works in a clientist way; some parties come here to rub shoulders with Europeans as if they were in the upper class," says Porfirio Muñoz Ledo, one of

510-636: The Chilean left was "the first challenge worthy of the name, against Washington, of an International which, until then, had done everything to appear subject to American strategy and NATO". Subsequently, notably under the leadership of François Mitterrand , the SI supported the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and other movements in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras in their struggle against US-supported dictatorships. In

544-864: The IWUSP joined to form the Labour and Socialist International (LSI) in May 1923 at a meeting in Hamburg . The rise of Nazism and the start of World War II led to the dissolution of the LSI in 1940. The Socialist International was formed in Frankfurt in July 1951 as a successor to the LSI. During the post- World War II period, the SI aided social democratic parties in re-establishing themselves when dictatorship gave way to democracy in Portugal (1974) and Spain (1975) . Until its 1976 Geneva Congress,

578-639: The International, would no longer tolerate dissent. All Trotskyists, and those suspected of being influenced by Trotskyism, were expelled. Trotsky claimed that the Third Period policies of the Comintern had contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany, and that its turn to a popular front policy (aiming to unite all ostensibly anti-fascist forces) sowed illusions in reformism and pacifism and "clear[ed]

612-627: The POUM became its secretary. By this time, the Bureau had member parties in more than 20 countries, including the Netherlands , Austria , Czechoslovakia , the United States , and Palestine . Socialist International The Socialist International ( SI ) is a political international or worldwide organisation of political parties which seek to establish democratic socialism , consisting mostly of social democratic political parties and labour organisations. Although formed in 1951 as

646-660: The Progressive Alliance was held in Rome , Italy, on 14–15 December 2012, with representatives of 42 political parties attending. They included Pier Luigi Bersani , leader of the Democratic Party of Italy ; Harlem Désir , Chair of the French Socialist Party ; Hermes Binner , Chair of the Argentine Socialist Party ; Peter Shumlin , Democratic governor of Vermont; and Mustapha Ben Jafar , Secretary General of

680-578: The SI had few members outside Europe and no formal involvement with Latin America . In the 1980s, most SI parties gave their backing to the Nicaraguan Sandinistas (FSLN), whose democratically elected left-wing government was subject to a campaign to overthrow it backed by the United States , which culminated in the Iran–Contra affair after the Reagan administration covertly continued US support for

714-821: The Tunisian Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties . Also present were representatives of the Indian National Congress , the Workers' Party of Brazil, and PASOK of Greece. The Dutch Labour Party also supported the formation of the organisation, as did the Swiss Socialist Party , and the Social Democratic Party of Austria . During the Council of the Socialist International in Cascais , Portugal, on 4–5 February 2013, 50 political parties discussed on

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748-485: The creation of the Progressive Alliance was the decision in January 2012 by Sigmar Gabriel , then chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), to cancel payment of the SPD's £100,000 yearly membership fee to the Socialist International . Gabriel had been critical of the Socialist International's admittance and continuing inclusion of undemocratic political movements into the organisation. An initial Conference of

782-872: The current president of the SI is the prime minister of Spain , Pedro Sánchez , both of whom were elected at the last SI Congress held in Madrid, Spain, in November 2022. The International Workingmen's Association , also known as the First International, was the first international body to bring together organisations representing the working class . It was formed in London on 28 September 1864 by socialist, communist and anarchist political groups and trade unions. Tensions between moderates and revolutionaries led to its dissolution in 1876 in Philadelphia . The Second International

816-488: The logo drawn by Marc Bonnet for the French Socialist Party in 1969. Variants of the emblem are or were used by several SI member parties. start date end date Current and honorary presidents include: There are 92 full members: There are 19 consultative parties: There are eight observer parties: Promoted to full member in 2003. Delisted in 2020 due to inactivity Chronologically by ideology: Progressive Alliance The Progressive Alliance ( PA )

850-527: The neoliberal model (1990–1994) and to which, until 2002, Álvaro Uribe will belong". In the following decade, many left-wing parties that came to power (in Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador and El Salvador) preferred to keep their distance from the SI. The logo is the fist and rose , based on the 1977 design by José María Cruz Novillo for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party , itself a variant of

884-601: The organization. For example, the SPD objected to the continued presence of the Sandinista National Liberation Front and the delayed ouster of the Tunisian Democratic Constitutional Rally and Egyptian National Democratic Party . After the 2012 Congress, the SI underwent major changes as many of the large European parties allowed their membership to lapse – for example the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and

918-616: The region as a zone of influence of the United States . For example, it did not denounce the coup d'état against Socialist President Jacobo Árbenz in Guatemala in 1954 or the invasion of the Dominican Republic by the United States in 1965 . It was not until the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that "a world we did not know" was discovered, explained Antoine Blanca, a diplomat for the French Socialist Party . According to him, solidarity with

952-670: The representatives of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (Mexico) at the SI. It is home to "the very centrist Argentinean Radical Civic Union (UCR); the Mexican Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which was not very democratically in power for seventy years; the Colombian Liberal Party —under whose governments the left-wing formation Patriotic Union (1986–1990) was exterminated—introduced

986-571: The road for a fascist overturn". By 1935 he claimed that the Comintern had fallen irredeemably into the hands of the Stalinist bureaucracy. He and his supporters, expelled from the Third International, participated in a conference of the London Bureau. Three of those parties joined the Left Opposition in signing a document written by Trotsky calling for a Fourth International, which became known as

1020-498: The sidelines the formation of the Progressive Alliance, including the Movement for Democratic Change of Zimbabwe. The official foundation of the organisation was held on 22 May 2013 in Leipzig , Germany, on the 150th anniversary of the formation of the General German Workers' Association (ADAV), the predecessor of the SPD. The organisation stated the aim of becoming the global network of "the progressive , democratic, social-democratic , socialist and labour movement". It

1054-411: Was formed in Paris on 14 July 1889 as an association of the socialist parties. Differences over World War I led to the Second International being dissolved in 1916. The International Socialist Commission (ISC), also known as the Berne International, was formed in February 1919 at a meeting in Bern by parties that wanted to resurrect the Second International. In March 1919, Communist parties formed

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1088-404: Was held on 25 September 2015 in Batu Ferringhi , Malaysia, which also hosted delegates from the Democratic Action Party of Malaysia, Democratic Party of Japan and Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle . On 25 April 2016 the organisation held a seminar in São Paulo hosted by the Workers' Party of Brazil. The Progressive Alliance lists 117 parties and 28 organisations which participate in

1122-434: Was negotiating to join the Progressive Alliance and that its representatives were to attend a seminar of the international in Stockholm on 24 October. The Democratic Party of Korea was a founding member but withdrew in 2016. The Korean Justice Party currently participates as an observer. On 4–5 December 2014, a Progressive Alliance conference was held in Lisbon for member parties of the S&D group. A regional seminar

1156-436: Was reported that representatives of approximately 70 social-democratic political parties from across the world attended the event. The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) group in the European Parliament joined the organisation upon its official foundation. Many member parties are also affiliated to the Socialist International. In September 2013 the Democratic Party of Cyprus (DIKO) announced that it

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