The International Centre is a multi-purpose convention centre in Mississauga , Ontario , Canada, located near Toronto Pearson International Airport . The International Centre is privately owned and hosts over 450 shows and events each year.
90-411: Opened in 1972, the centre's exhibit space nearly doubled from the original 260,000 square feet (24,000 m) following a major expansion and renovation in 2002. The centre now features over 548,000 square feet (50,900 m) of exhibit and meeting space and approximately one million square feet (93,000 m) floor area which includes exhibit, meeting, office and retail space. The International Centre
180-630: A 6,000 ft (1,830 m) runway; a Mach 1.5 cruising speed at an altitude of 70,000 ft (21,000 m) ; and manoeuvrability for 2 g turns with no loss of speed or altitude at Mach 1.5 and 50,000 ft . The specification required five minutes from starting the aircraft's engines to reaching 50,000 ft altitude and Mach 1.5. It was also to have turn-around time on the ground of less than 10 minutes . An RCAF team led by Ray Foottit visited US aircraft producers and surveyed British and French manufacturers before concluding that no existing or planned aircraft could fulfill these requirements. In 1955 Avro estimated
270-573: A 10-year period at a cost of $ 6.5 million. Some businesses re-opened and others closed permanently. The "Four Corners" of Malton never regained its former vitality. The office and manufacturing plant facilities, on the Southwest corner of Airport and Derry Road, that was built by National Steel Car 1938–1942, and subsequently used by Victory Aircraft (1942–1945), A.V. Roe Canada (1945), de Havilland Canada (1962), Douglas Aircraft (1965), McDonnell Douglas Canada (1981), and Boeing Canada (1997)
360-509: A Bun and Sit n' Eat restaurants and damaged the Bank of Nova Scotia, Malton Fruit Market (Longo's), Abell's Drug Store and Shirley's Pool Hall. 75-year-old Jean Perigo was killed instantly and 20 other people were injured. Two houses, 17 businesses and 49 cars were destroyed. 18 families who live in apartments above the stores were homeless. Over 350 families were evacuated. The total damage was estimated to be $ 1.5 million. Reconstruction took place over
450-548: A building or structure in Ontario is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow was a delta-winged interceptor aircraft designed and built by Avro Canada . The CF-105 held the promise of Mach 2 speeds at altitudes exceeding 50,000 feet (15,000 m) and was intended to serve as the Royal Canadian Air Force 's (RCAF) primary interceptor into
540-598: A dive. The basic CF-100 continued to improve through this period, and the advantages were continually eroded. When a CF-100 broke the sound barrier on 18 December 1952, interest in the CF-103 waned. At the time we laid down the design of the CF-105, there was a somewhat emotional controversy going on in the United States on the relative merits of the delta plan form versus the straight wing for supersonic aircraft ... our choice of
630-520: A high-speeds mission, 630 nmi radius on a low-speed mission, Ferry range is not given, but estimated at 1,500 nmi." Avro submitted their modified C105 design in May 1953, essentially a two-man version of the C104/2. A change to a "shoulder-mounted" wing allowed rapid access to the aircraft's internals, weapons bay, and engines. The new design also allowed the wing to be built as a single structure sitting on
720-628: A leader in aeronautical design and manufacturing. Malton was the home of the famous Avro Arrow , Canada's first supersonic aircraft, still believed to have been years ahead of its time. On February 20, 1959, Prime Minister John Diefenbaker terminated the project and the five completed Arrows were dismantled. After the cancellation of the Avro Arrow program in 1959, the plant was operated by de Havilland Canada (1962), Douglas Aircraft (1965) McDonnell Douglas Canada (1981), and Boeing Canada (1997) before being demolished in 2005. The Ridgewood subdivision
810-410: A maximum speed of Mach 1.7+ before intentionally crashing into the water. Experiments showed the need for only a small number of design changes, mainly involving the wing profile and positioning. To improve high-alpha performance, the leading edge of the wing was drooped, especially on outer sections, a dog-tooth was introduced at about half-span to control spanwise flow, and the entire wing given
900-485: A new bus terminal was built on the corner of Morning Star Dr. and Goreway Dr. An overbridge at railway crossing on Torbram Drive has been started and will soon begin construction. Malton Route 107 travel times have been reduced since the completion of the Mississauga Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) transitway. There is one new pools at the community centre, there used to be one in the high school but as of 2022 it
990-597: A partner with American command and control. The USAF was in the process of completely automating their air defence system with the SAGE project, and offered Canada the opportunity to share this sensitive information for the air defence of North America. One aspect of the SAGE system was the Bomarc nuclear-tipped anti-aircraft missile. This led to studies on basing Bomarcs in Canada in order to push
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#17328373377391080-517: A result, the foreign demand for the Avro Arrow had declined substantially. Canada's alternative to the Arrow was to purchase some American McDonnell F-101 Voodoo interceptors and Bomarc B missiles . Malton, Ontario Malton is a neighbourhood in the northeastern part of the city of Mississauga , Ontario , Canada, located to the northwest of Toronto . Malton is bounded by Highway 427 to
1170-516: A result. The village of Malton was subdivided in 1855. The population was 600 in 1864. Malton was chosen as the county seat in 1867, but Brampton contested the decision and was awarded the county seat a year later. Its economic prosperity declined, as did the population, to 200. The opportunity for advancement was dealt another blow when the Credit Valley Railway came to Dixie, Streetsville, Meadowvale and Churchville in 1879. Malton suffered with
1260-402: A semi- monocoque frame and multi-spar wing. The aircraft used a measure of magnesium and titanium in the fuselage, the latter limited largely to the area around the engines and to fasteners. Titanium was still expensive and not widely used because it was difficult to machine. The Arrow's thin wing required aviation's first 4,000 lb/in (28 MPa) hydraulic system to supply enough force to
1350-422: A slight negative camber which helped control trim drag and pitch-up. The area rule principle, made public in 1952, was also applied to the design. This resulted in several changes including the addition of a tailcone, sharpening the radar nose profile, thinning the intake lips, and reducing the cross-sectional area of the fuselage below the canopy. The construction of the airframe was fairly conventional, with
1440-759: A subsidiary of the Hawker Siddeley Group in 1945, initially handling repair and maintenance work for aircraft at the Malton, Ontario Airport, today known as Toronto Pearson International Airport . The next year the company began the design of Canada's first jet fighter for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), the Avro CF-100 Canuck all-weather interceptor. The Canuck underwent a lengthy and troubled prototype stage before entering service seven years later in 1953. Nevertheless, it went on to become one of
1530-498: A system, it was one of the first of its kind, and was problematic. By February 1959, the five aircraft had completed the majority of the company test program and were progressing to the RCAF acceptance trials. From 1953, some senior Canadian military officials at the chiefs of staffs began to question the program. The chiefs of staff of the army and navy were both strongly opposed to the Arrow, since "substantial funds were being diverted to
1620-587: A tailless delta was based mainly on the compromise of attempting to achieve structural and aero elastic efficiency, with a very thin wing, and yet, at the same time, achieving the large internal fuel capacity required for the specified range. —Designer James C. Floyd Another solution to the high-speed problem is the delta wing . The delta wing had many of the same advantages of the swept wing in terms of transonic and supersonic performance, but offered much more internal room and overall surface area. This provided more room for fuel, an important consideration given
1710-576: A wooden terminal that was identical to the one built at Toronto City Centre Airport, replaced the Chapman Farm House as the airport terminal. Malton Airport was also the site of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan facilities during the war-time years. National Steel Car built a manufacturing plant in 1938. It produced Westland Lysanders and was subcontractor for production of other aircraft. On November 4, 1942,
1800-573: Is closely linked to Canada's aviation history. During the 1950s, the site was the home of Orenda Engines Limited and was used in the development of the Iroquois jet engine for the Avro Arrow fighter aircraft. The site was purchased by a group of private investors from DeHavilland in 1971, which led to the development of its present use today, as a major multi-purpose facility. 43°42′10″N 79°38′17″W / 43.7029°N 79.6380°W / 43.7029; -79.6380 This article about
1890-552: The Canadian Forces in the UK), Churchill and Lancaster ( Avro Lancasters were built at Victory Aircraft from 1943 to 1945). Victory Community Hall was built shortly after (at Victory Park) and was renovated in 2010. There were two other streets in the Village, Anson Ave. & Merrit Ave. Anson ran horizontally at the top of Lancaster. Merrit ran behind Churchill Ave. Originally on
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#17328373377391980-634: The English Electric Lightning . The French government expressed an interest in the Iroquois engine for an enlarged version of the Dassault Mirage IV bomber, the Mirage IVB. This was one of several engines being considered, including the Olympus, with an order for 300 Iroquois being considered. Acting on media speculation that the Iroquois engine program was also in jeopardy of being cancelled,
2070-517: The Hughes Falcon guided missile, the CARDE Velvet Glove air-to-air missile, or four general-purpose 1,000 lb bombs. The Velvet Glove radar-guided missile had been under development with the RCAF for some time, but was believed unsuitable for supersonic speeds and lacked development potential. Consequently, further work on that project was cancelled in 1956. In July 1953, the proposal
2160-473: The Toronto Harbour Commission approached the farmers of Malton who owned Lots 6-10 on Concession 5 and 6 to acquire land for Malton Airport. The farmers were: In 1937 the agreements were drawn up for a total purchase of 1410.8 acres (including 108 acres for National Steel Car and 243.73 for Department of National Defence). The Chapman Farm house was the first airport terminal (1937). In 1939,
2250-660: The United Kingdom . Mimico Creek flows through Malton. The oldest portion of Malton is located on the northwest corner of Airport and Derry Roads. Together, the Malton and Britannia Woods areas compose Ward 5 . The Second Purchase from the Mississauga Indians on Wednesday, October 28, 1818, was for 648,000 acres. Toronto Township received 34,556 acres, increasing its total acreage to 64,125. The Toronto Township expansion included Malton Village. The village of Malton took up
2340-440: The 1950s onward. The Malton Minor Hockey Association MMHA was founded in 1949. Malton Arena was built in 1968. The arena was renamed Paul Coffey Arena on September 23, 2016. The MMHA became defunct in 2005. Malton Renegades ran a very successful minor lacrosse program however it also folded in 1982 when they joined with Erindale, Cawthra to form Mississauga Minor lacrosse. Clarkson, the last remaining separate minor club within
2430-564: The 1960s and beyond. The Arrow was the culmination of a series of design studies begun in 1953 that examined improved versions of the Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck . After considerable study, the RCAF selected a dramatically more powerful design, and serious development began in March 1955. The aircraft was intended to be built directly from the production line, skipping the traditional hand-built prototype phase. The first Arrow Mk. 1, RL-201,
2520-489: The 1968 Voter lists. On Saturday, October 25, 1969 at 2:55 PM a natural gas line leak caused an explosion and fire at the "Four Corners" (the intersection of Airport and Derry Road) of Malton. The "blowtorch" flame was 150 feet high and the heat was estimated to be 1500 degrees Fahrenheit. Consumer's Gas finally shut the gas off about 4 hours later. The Avronian Restaurant, Langford's Variety, Malton Hardware and Baker's Lumber were blown apart. The fire consumed Pat's Steak on
2610-460: The 1970s and 80s saw this shift to the South Asian and Caribbean population, who continue to make up the predominant demographic in Malton today. Malton's proximity to Pearson International Airport , originally Malton Airport, is often cited as part of the reason it has become a popular initial place of settlement for immigrants, contributing to the tremendous population growth that has occurred from
2700-460: The Arrow from Canada, and setting up a production line in the UK, was studied. The unit price per aircraft built in the UK was estimated at £220,000 each for a production run of 100 aircraft, as opposed to the estimate of £150,000 per aircraft for the thin wing Javelin. The CF-105 would serve as a stopgap until the F.155 project came to fruition, but with the F.155 due in 1963 and the Arrow not likely to reach
2790-756: The Arrow, but the Cabinet Defence Committee (CDC) refused. Pearkes tabled it again in September and recommended installation of the Bomarc missile system. The latter was accepted, but again the CDC refused to cancel the entire Arrow program. The CDC wanted to wait until a major review on 31 March 1959. They cancelled the Sparrow/Astra system in September 1958. Efforts to continue the program through cost-sharing with other countries were then explored. In 1959, Pearkes would say
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2880-618: The Arrow, the RAF began the F.155 program in 1955, projecting a service entry date of 1962. As the program continued, it was clear the aircraft would not be ready by that date. It was also clear that new versions of the Soviet M-4 bomber would be available in 1959 that would outperform their existing Gloster Javelins , leaving a several-year gap where the RAF would have no effective anti-bomber force. Attention turned to interim designs that could be in service by
2970-533: The Arrow. More advanced designs were also being considered, notably the Mach 3 Republic XF-103 , and by the time the Arrow was flying, the much more advanced North American XF-108 . Both of these programs were cancelled during the mock-up stage, as it was believed the need for a manned interceptor of very high performance simply did not exist as the Soviets were moving their strategic force to ICBMs. This argument added weight to
3060-528: The Canadian aviation industry. Diefenbaker claimed the decision was based on "a thorough examination" of threats and defensive measures, and the cost of defensive systems. More specifically, the cost would have needed to be amortized over hundreds of manufactured models. At the time the trend was "away from conventional bombers" that the Avro Arrow could intercept and "towards atmospheric weapons like intercontinental ballistic missiles ", according to Global News. As
3150-836: The City limits would also join in the late 80's. A Jr "C" team also played out of the Malton Arena for a number of years. Malton is served by the Peel District School Board , which operates secular English-language public schools. The Conseil scolaire Viamonde operates regional French-language secular public schools. Malton's Catholic community is served by the Dufferin-Peel Catholic School Board , which operates English-language Catholic schools. The Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud operates regional French-language Catholic schools. As of 2010,
3240-559: The Federal government expropriated National Steel Car and set up the crown corporation called Victory Aircraft . Victory Aircraft produced Avro Lancaster bombers from 1942 to 1945. In 1942, the Canadian Government expropriated the north part of the former Fred Codlin farm and built 200 military-style houses for war-time workers. "Victory Village" streets had war-time references; Victory , McNaughton ( Andrew McNaughton , commander of
3330-665: The French government chose to end negotiations in October 1958 and opted for an upgraded version of the indigenous Snecma Atar , instead. There was never an explanation for this decision offered by the French government, even after Avro tried to offer the Iroquois as a private venture. In the US, the 1954 interceptor program was well underway, and would ultimately introduce the Convair F-106 Delta Dart , an aircraft with many similarities to
3420-424: The RAF before 1962, there was little point in proceeding. The infamous 1957 Defence White Paper , described as "the biggest change in military policy ever made in normal times", led to the cancellation of almost all British manned fighter aircraft then in development, and completely curtailed any likelihood of a purchase. In January 1959, the UK's final answer was no; Britain countered with an offer to sell Canada
3510-621: The RCAF in June 1952. Intensive discussions between Avro and the RCAF examined a wide range of alternative sizes and configurations for a supersonic interceptor, culminating in RCAF Specification AIR 7-3 in April 1953. AIR 7-3 called specifically for a two crew, twin engine, aircraft with a range of 300 nautical miles (556 km ) for a normal low-speed mission, and 200 nmi (370 km) for a high-speed interception mission. It also specified operation from
3600-527: The RCAF's Final Report of the All-Weather Interceptor Requirements Team was submitted to Avro Canada. Avro engineering had been considering supersonic issues already at this point. Supersonic flight works in a very different fashion and presents a number of new problems. One of the most critical, and surprising, was the sudden onset of a new form of drag , known as wave drag . The effects of wave drag were so strong that engines of
3690-510: The United States using sophisticated computer programs. In a related program, nine instrumented free-flight models were mounted on solid fuel Nike rocket boosters and launched from Point Petre over Lake Ontario while two additional models were launched from the NASA facility at Wallops Island , Virginia, over the Atlantic Ocean. These models were for aerodynamic drag and stability testing, flown to
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3780-461: The air force", while Air Marshal Hugh Campbell , RCAF Chief of Staff, backed it right up until its cancellation. In June 1957, when the governing Liberals lost the federal election and a Progressive Conservative government under John Diefenbaker took power, the aircraft's prospects began to noticeably change. Diefenbaker had campaigned on a platform of reining in what the Conservatives claimed
3870-429: The ballistic missile was the greater threat, and Canada purchased Bomarc "in lieu of more airplanes". Canada unsuccessfully tried to sell the Arrow to the US and Britain. The aircraft industry in both countries was considered a national interest and the purchase of foreign designs was rare. Nevertheless, from 1955 onwards, the UK had shown considerable interest in the Arrow. Desiring a high-performance interceptor like
3960-508: The border ( Airport Road ) between Toronto Gore and Toronto Townships, Malton became part of Toronto Township in 1952, following the annexation of that part of Toronto Gore south of Steeles Avenue . When Toronto Township was erected into the Town of Mississauga in 1967, the Police Village of Malton was dissolved. Mississauga became a city in 1974. The Trans-Canada Airport terminal replaced
4050-454: The chain mechanism (used to shorten the gear) in the Mark 1 gear jammed, resulting in incomplete rotation. In a second incident with Arrow 202 on 11 November 1958, the flight control system commanded elevons full down at landing; the resulting reduction in weight on the gears reduced the effective tire friction, ultimately resulting in brake lockup and subsequent gear collapse. A photograph taken of
4140-507: The contract was upgraded to CA$ 260 million for five Arrow Mk.1 flight-test aircraft, to be followed by 35 Arrow Mk. 2s with production engines and fire-control systems . To meet the timetable set by the RCAF, Avro decided that the Arrow program would adopt the Cook-Craigie plan . Normally a small number of prototypes of an aircraft were hand-built and flown to find problems, and when solutions were found these changes would be worked into
4230-463: The control stick input was not mechanically connected to the hydraulic system, the variations in back-pressure from the flight control surfaces that would normally be felt by the pilot could no longer be transmitted back into the stick. To re-create a sense of feel, the same electronic control box rapidly responded to the hydraulic back-pressure fluctuations and triggered actuators in the stick, making it move slightly; this system, called "artificial feel",
4320-403: The control surfaces, while using small actuators and piping. A rudimentary fly-by-wire system was employed, in which the pilot's input was detected by a series of pressure-sensitive transducers in the stick, and their signal was sent to an electronic control servo that operated the valves in the hydraulic system to move the various flight controls. This resulted in a lack of control feel; because
4410-489: The controls. Four more J75-powered Mk 1s were delivered in the next 18 months. The test flights, limited to "proof-of-concept" and assessing flight characteristics, revealed no serious design faults. The CF-105 demonstrated excellent handling throughout the flight envelope, in large part due to the natural qualities of the delta-wing, but responsibility can also be attributed to the Arrow's Stability Augmentation System . The aircraft went supersonic on its third flight and, on
4500-454: The defensive line further north, even though the deployment was found to be extremely costly. Deploying the missiles alone was expected to cost C$ 164 million, while SAGE would absorb another C$ 107 million, not counting the cost of improvements to radar; in all, it was projected to raise Canada's defence spending by "as much as 25 to 30%", according to George Pearkes , the minister of national defence. Defence against ballistic missiles
4590-405: The delta wing resulted in two versions of the design known as C104: the single engine C104/4 and twin-engined C104/2. The designs were otherwise similar, using a low-mounted delta-wing and sharply raked vertical stabilizer. The primary advantages of the C104/2 were its twin-engine reliability and a larger overall size, which offered a much larger internal weapons bay. The proposals were submitted to
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#17328373377394680-412: The design. When satisfied with the results, the production line would be set up. In a Cook-Craigie system, the production line was set up first and a small number of aircraft were built as production models. Any changes would be incorporated into the jigs while testing continued, with full production starting when the test program was complete. As Jim Floyd noted at the time, this was a risky approach: "it
4770-409: The drop in shipping business. Malton was organized as a police village in 1914. In 1937, Malton experienced a major shift from agricultural to an industrial economy when 13 farms were selected to become the location of a 'million dollar, world class airport' (now Toronto Pearson International Airport) and location for a new Aircraft manufacturing Industry. In April 1937, Land agents representing
4860-478: The east half of Lot 11, Concession 6, East of Hurontario Street (EHS). This was the 100-acre land grant of Joseph Price that was designated in 1821. Most sources say Malton was first settled in 1819 or 1820. The northeast corner of Toronto Township was first settled in 1820 by Richard Halliday. There is no Halliday listed in the Land Registry papers, so he probably was a squatter and then rented, or his purchase
4950-455: The east, the Brampton city limits (a Canadian National Railway (CN) rail line) to the north, Airport Road to the west, and a second CN line and Toronto Pearson International Airport to the south. Malton is unique in that it does not adjoin any other Mississauga neighbourhood, being separated by the airport and extensive industrial areas. All of the roads in this area are named after cities in
5040-523: The era could not provide enough power to overcome it, leading to the concept of a " sound barrier ". German research during the Second World War had shown the onset of wave drag was greatly reduced by using airfoils that varied in curvature as gradually as possible. This suggested the use of thinner airfoils with much longer chord than designers would have used on subsonic aircraft. These designs were impractical because they left little internal room in
5130-465: The erratic control in the rolling plane, encountered on the last flight, [was] no longer there ... Excellent progress was being made in the development ... from where I sat the Arrow was performing as predicted and was meeting all guarantees. —Jack Woodman, the only RCAF pilot to fly the Arrow RL-201 first flew on 25 March 1958 with Chief Development Test Pilot S/L Janusz Żurakowski at
5220-504: The event, inviting more than 13,000 guests to the occasion. Unfortunately for Avro, the media and public attention for the Arrow rollout was dwarfed by the launch of Sputnik the same day. The J75 engine was slightly heavier than the PS-13 , and therefore required ballast to be placed in the nose to return the centre of gravity to the correct position. In addition, the Astra fire-control system
5310-636: The full-scale wooden mock-up in February 1956, the RCAF demanded additional changes, selecting the advanced RCA-Victor Astra fire-control system firing the equally advanced United States Navy Sparrow II in place of the MX-1179 and Falcon combination. Avro vocally objected on the grounds that neither of these were even in testing at that point, whereas both the MX-1179 and Falcon were almost ready for production and would have been nearly as effective for "a very large saving in cost". The Astra proved to be problematic as
5400-462: The incident proved that inadvertent flight control activation had caused the accident. The only occasion when a test flight was diverted occurred on 2 February 1959, when a Trans-Canada Airlines Vickers Viscount crash-landed in Toronto, necessitating a landing at RCAF Trenton. The stability augmentation system also required much fine-tuning. Although the CF-105 was not the first aircraft to use such
5490-544: The inefficient early jet engines of the era, and the large wing area provided ample lift at high altitudes. The delta wing also enabled slower landings than swept wings in certain conditions. The disadvantages of the design were increased drag at lower speeds and altitudes, and especially higher drag while maneuvering. For the interceptor role these were minor concerns, as the aircraft would be spending most of its time flying in straight lines at high altitudes and speeds, mitigating these disadvantages. Further proposals based on
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#17328373377395580-449: The justification for cancelling the Arrow. In 1958, Avro Aircraft Limited president and general manager Fred Smye elicited a promise from the USAF to "supply, free, the fire control system and missiles and if they would allow the free use of their flight test centre at ... Edwards AFB." The Arrow's cancellation was announced on 20 February 1959. The day became known as "Black Friday" in
5670-470: The late 1950s to cover this period. At first, consideration was given to the thin-wing Javelin that would provide moderate supersonic performance, along with the extremely high performance but short range Saunders-Roe SR.177 . A new round of development produced an improved Mach 1.6 version of the thin-wing Javelin, and the Arrow was put aside for the time. But it was soon clear that the new Javelin would not enter service until at least 1961, too late to stop
5760-551: The most enduring aircraft of its class, serving in a variety of roles until 1981. Recognizing that the delays that affected the development and deployment of the CF-100 could also affect its successor, and the fact that the Soviets were working on newer jet-powered bombers that would render the CF-100 ineffective, the RCAF began looking for a supersonic, missile-armed replacement for the Canuck even before it had entered service. In March 1952,
5850-711: The new M-4s and with the F.155 designs coming on only two years later. In April 1956, the UK's Air Council recommended a purchase of 144 Arrows to fill the role of the thin-wing Javelin. These would be powered by UK engines; the Bristol Olympus 7R – 17,000 lbf (76 kN) thrust dry, 23,700 lbf (105 kN) with reheat , the Rolls-Royce Conway Stage 4 – 18,340 lbf (81.6 kN) thrust dry, 29,700 lbf (132 kN) with reheat, or de Havilland Gyron – 19,500 lbf (87 kN) thrust dry, 28,000 lbf (120 kN) with reheat. Procurement of
5940-592: The performance of the Arrow Mk 2 (with Iroquois) as follows, from the January 1955 British evaluation titled Evaluation of the CF.105 as an All Weather Fighter for the RAF: "Max speed Mach 1.9 at 50,000 ft, Combat speed of Mach 1.5 at 50.000 feet and 1.84 G without bleeding energy, time to 50,000 ft of 4.1 minutes, 500-foot per minute climb ceiling of 62,000 feet, 400 nmi radius on
6030-772: The post-Second World War period, the Soviet Union began developing a capable fleet of long-range bombers with the ability to deliver nuclear weapons across North America and Europe. The main threat was principally from high-speed, high-altitude bombing runs launched from the Soviet Union travelling over the Arctic against military bases and built-up industrial centres in Canada and the United States. To counter this threat, Western countries developed interceptors that could engage and destroy these bombers before they reached their targets. A. V. Roe Canada Limited had been set up as
6120-651: The roadway in front of the property within 18 months to comply with the conditions of his land grant. Other early settlers included: In the 1840s, the Blanchard family cleared land northwest of the Four Corners and the area became the Village of Malton. In 1850, when Toronto Township was incorporated, Malton had a population of 350. The introduction of the Grand Trunk Railway in 1854, allowed better access to Toronto markets for local farmers and Malton thrived as
6210-519: The scheduled project review to evaluate the program could be held. Two months later the assembly line, tooling, plans, existing airframes, and engines were ordered to be destroyed. The cancellation was the topic of considerable political controversy at the time, and the subsequent destruction of the aircraft in production remains a topic for debate among historians and industry pundits. "This action effectively put Avro out of business and its highly skilled engineering and production personnel scattered". In
6300-470: The seventh, broke 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h) at 50,000 ft (15,000 m) while climbing. A top speed of Mach 1.98 was achieved, and this was not at the limits of its performance. An Avro report made public in 2015 clarifies that during the highest speed flight, the Arrow reached Mach 1.90 in steady level flight, and an indicated Mach number of 1.95 was recorded in a dive. Estimates up to Mach 1.98 likely originated from an attempt to compensate for lag error , which
6390-481: The supersonic shock wave generated by the nose of the aircraft. Almost every fighter project in the postwar era immediately applied the concept, which started appearing on production fighters in the late 1940s. Avro engineers explored swept-wing and tail modifications to the CF-100 known as the CF-103 , which had proceeded to wooden mock-up stage. The CF-103 offered improved transonic performance with supersonic abilities in
6480-597: The system ran into a lengthy period of delays, and when the USN cancelled the Sparrow II in 1956, Canadair was quickly brought in to continue the Sparrow program in Canada, although they expressed grave concerns about the project as well and the move added yet more expense. Go-ahead on the production was given in 1955. The rollout of the first CF-105, marked as RL-201, took place on 4 October 1957. The company had planned to capitalize on
6570-433: The upper fuselage, simplifying construction and improving strength. The wing design and positioning required a long main landing gear that still had to fit within the thin delta wing, presenting an engineering challenge. Five different wing sizes were outlined in the report, ranging between 1,000 ft and 1,400 ft (93 m to 130 m ) ; the 1,200 ft (111 m ) sized version was eventually selected. The primary engine selection
6660-627: The west, particularly Brampton and the other parts of Mississauga. Among other things, the tiny neighbourhood borders the airport, Brampton, Vaughan and Etobicoke . As such, it is very strategically placed and important to the flow of people and goods throughout the Greater Toronto Area . Law enforcement in Malton is provided by the Peel Regional Police . There is a police buildings in the local mall. The post-war period saw waves of Italian and Polish immigrants settle in Malton, while
6750-412: The wing for armament or fuel. The Germans also discovered it was possible to "trick" the airflow into the same behaviour if a conventional thicker airfoil was used swept rearward at a sharp angle, creating a swept wing . This provided many of the advantages of a thinner airfoil while also retaining the internal space needed for strength and fuel storage. Another advantage was that the wings were clear of
6840-689: The wooden terminal in 1949. The Trans-Canada Terminal was replaced by the Aeroquay Terminal in 1964. A.V. Roe Canada Limited was established on December 1, 1945 and assumed control of Victory Aircraft. In 1946, A.V. Roe acquired Turbo Research Limited, which was later renamed Orenda Engines . On August 10, 1949, the Avro Jetliner made its first flight. On January 19, 1950 the CF-100 Jet Interceptor/Fighter made its maiden flight. By 1958, Malton acquired an international reputation as
6930-524: Was "rampant Liberal spending". Nonetheless, by 1958, the parent company had become Canada's third largest business enterprise and had primary interests in rolling stock, steel and coal, electronics, and aviation with 39 different companies under the A. V. Roe Canada banner. In August 1957, the Diefenbaker government signed the NORAD (North American Air Defense) Agreement with the United States, making Canada
7020-491: Was accepted and Avro was given the go-ahead to start a full design study under the project name: "CF-105". In December, CA$ 27 million was provided to start flight modelling. At first, the project was limited in scope, but the introduction of the Soviet Myasishchev M-4 Bison jet bomber and the Soviet Union's testing of a hydrogen bomb the next month dramatically changed Cold War priorities. In March 1955,
7110-517: Was also a first. In 1954, the RB.106 program was cancelled, necessitating the use of the backup Wright J67 engine instead. In 1955, this engine was also cancelled, leaving the design with no engine. At this point, the Pratt & Whitney J75 was selected for the initial test-flight models, while the new TR 13 engine was developed at Orenda for the production Mk 2s. After evaluating the engineering mock-ups and
7200-481: Was also becoming a priority. The existence of Sputnik had also raised the possibility of attacks from space, and, as the year progressed, word of a " missile gap " began spreading. An American brief of the meeting with Pearkes records his concern that Canada could not afford defensive systems against both ballistic missiles and manned bombers. It is also said Canada could afford the Arrow or Bomarc/SAGE, but not both. By 11 August 1958, Pearkes requested cancellation of
7290-464: Was built in the mid-1950s. Ridgewood (Justine Drive, Capricorn Crescent, Michaud Avenue, Honeysuckle Avenue, Sonja Road, Minotola Avenue, Etude Drive, Lipomanis Drive (Cambrett) and Hermitage Road) was originally called "Malton Defence Homes Subdivision". Marvin Heights subdivision was built in the late 1950s (Redstone Road, Homeside Gardens, Bonaventure Drive and Chinook Drive). The Westwood subdivision
7380-537: Was decided to take the technical risks involved to save time on the programme ... I will not pretend that this philosophy of production type build from the outset did not cause us a lot of problems in Engineering. However, it did achieve its objective." To mitigate risks, a massive testing program was started. By mid-1954, the first production drawings were issued and wind tunnel work began, along with extensive computer simulation studies carried out both in Canada and
7470-443: Was demolished in 2005. Orenda Aerospace Division, Magellan Aerospace Corporation continues to operate at 3160 Derry Road east. Mitsubishi Heavy Industry Canada Aerospace, Inc. (MHICA) celebrated their 10-year anniversary in May, 2016. MHICA is a recognized North American Tier 1 heavy aerostructure manufacturer. In addition to the airport, Malton has great importance as a transportation link between Toronto and its suburbs to
7560-404: Was expected in diving flight. Although no major problems were encountered during the initial testing phase, some minor issues with the landing gear and flight control system had to be rectified. The former problem was partly due to the tandem main landing gear being very narrow, in order to fit into the wings; the leg shortened in length and rotated as it was stowed. During one landing incident,
7650-477: Was not ready, and it too, was replaced by ballast. The otherwise unused weapons bay was loaded with test equipment. The aircraft, at supersonic speeds, was pleasant and easy to fly. During approach and landing, the handling characteristics were considered good ... On my second flight ... the general handling characteristics of the Arrow Mark 1 were much improved ... On my sixth and last flight ...
7740-536: Was not registered. Halliday was the local blacksmith and innkeeper, and he named the settlement Malton, after his home in England, Malton, North Yorkshire . Another early settler was Joseph Tomlinson. His land petition was dated August 25, 1819. He and his wife Mary came to Malton in August 1820 to claim his 100-acre land grant; the east half of Lot 10, Conc. 7. Joseph built a cabin 16x20, cleared and fenced 5 acres, cleared
7830-426: Was rolled out to the public on 4 October 1957, the same day as the launch of Sputnik I . Flight testing began with RL-201 on 25 March 1958, and the design quickly demonstrated excellent handling and overall performance, reaching Mach 1.9 in level flight. Powered by the Pratt & Whitney J75 , another four Mk. 1s were completed, RL-202, RL-203, RL-204 and RL-205. The lighter and more powerful Orenda Iroquois engine
7920-419: Was soon ready for testing, and the first Mk 2 with the Iroquois, RL-206, was ready for taxi testing in preparation for flight and acceptance tests by RCAF pilots by early 1959. Canada tried to sell the Arrow to the US and Britain, but no agreements were concluded. On 20 February 1959, Prime Minister of Canada John Diefenbaker abruptly halted the development of both the Arrow and its Iroquois engines before
8010-592: Was started in the mid-1960s (Morning Star Drive, Darcel Avenue, Dunrankin Drive). Laddie Crescent was established in 1967. Darla Drive, Discus Crescent, Lockington Crescent, Monica Drive, and Rockhill Road are listed on the 1968 Voter list 16242. Wrenwood Crescent and Yuma on 16243. Corliss Crescent, Darcel Avenue, Wyewood Road, Custer Crescent, Meyer Drive, Morningstar Drive, Bayswater Crescent, Madiera Road, Magic Court, Harwick Drive, Topping Road, Wainbrook Road, Dellaport Drive, Woodruff Crescent and Crabtree Crescent also appear on
8100-723: Was the Rolls-Royce RB.106 , an advanced two-spool design offering around 21,000 pounds-force (93 kN). Backup designs were the Bristol Olympus OL-3 , the US-built Curtiss-Wright J67 version of the OL-3, or the Orenda TR.9 engines. Armament was stored in a large internal bay located in a "belly" position, taking up over one third of the aircraft fuselage. A wide variety of weapons could be deployed from this bay, such as
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