82-552: Logitech International S.A. ( / ˈ l ɒ dʒ ɪ t ɛ k / LOJ -i-tek ) is a Swiss multinational manufacturer of computer peripherals and software. Headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland , and San Jose , California , the company has offices throughout Europe , Asia , Oceania , and the Americas , and is one of the world's leading manufacturers of input and interface devices for personal computers (PCs) and other digital products. It
164-444: A mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement). As of 2000 , there were 62,258 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.9 persons per household. There were 31,205 households that consist of only one person and 2,184 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 63,833 households that answered this question, 48.9% were households made up of just one person and there were 306 adults who lived with their parents. Of
246-463: A demodulator. The demodulated signal is then decoded with a microcontroller. CEA-931-B defines a method for encapsulating remote control codes over IP and CEA-931-A defines a method for encapsulating remote control codes over IEEE 1394 . These documents are not free even though free standards are the norm for Internet Protocols and contributed significantly to their widespread adoption. The lack of standardization creates many problems for consumers:
328-622: A faculty of Protestant theology was established at Montauban in 1808, and the Lausanne seminary was finally closed on 18 April 1812. During the Napoleonic Wars , the city's status changed. In 1803, it became the capital of a newly formed Swiss canton of Vaud under which it joined the Swiss Federation . In 1923, the city was the venue for the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne, which established
410-497: A hilly site that was easier to defend. The city which emerged from the camp was ruled by the Counts of Savoy and the Bishop of Lausanne . From 888 to 1032, the initially relatively small town belonged to the kingdom of Upper Burgundy . During the 11th century, Lausanne developed into a political, economic and religious center. The city became the center of the secular rule of the bishops. In
492-712: A large Swiss company, but the company canceled the project. Next, they turned to the computer mouse as an essential component of the graphical user interface used by a workstation requested by the Japanese company Ricoh . Logitech's first mouse, the P4 model, was produced in 1982 in Switzerland, based on an opto-mechanical design by Swiss inventor Jean-Daniel Nicoud working at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne). One of Logitech's offices
574-792: A major facility in Suzhou, China . The Cork, Ireland, location downsized to become an R&D center, and the Hsinchu, Taiwan, factory was kept only for test runs and prototypes. Logitech bought the Connectix webcam division in 1998 for $ 25 million, then released QuickCam , the first webcam with an integrated microphone. By the year 2000, Logitech was the leader in global sales of webcams, with about four million units sold. In 2001, Logitech acquired Labtec for $ 150 million in order to expand its range of computer peripherals. In 2007, Logitech licensed Hillcrest Labs ' Freespace motion control technology to produce
656-445: A noted wine-growing region. With its 28-station metro system , Lausanne is the smallest city in the world to have a rapid transit system. Lausanne hosted the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics . The Romans built a military camp, which they called Lousanna , at the site of a Celtic settlement, near the lake where Vidy and Ouchy are situated; on the hill above was a fort called Lausodunon or Lousodunon (The "-y" suffix
738-641: A number of its cultural treasures, including the hanging tapestries in the cathedral, were permanently removed. Lausanne has made repeated requests to recover them, but they never were returned. After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Lausanne became (along with Geneva) a place of refuge for French Huguenots . In 1729, a seminary was opened by Antoine Court and Benjamin Duplan . By 1750, 90 pastors had been sent back to France to work clandestinely; this number would rise to 400. Official persecution ended in 1787;
820-426: A population of about 140,000, making it the fourth largest city in Switzerland after Basel , Geneva , and Zurich , with the entire agglomeration area having about 420,000 inhabitants (as of January 2019). The metropolitan area of Lausanne-Geneva (including Vevey - Montreux , Yverdon-les-Bains , Valais and foreign parts), commonly designated as Arc lémanique was over 1.3 million inhabitants in 2017 and
902-434: A residence permit of at least 10 years in Switzerland and 3 years in the canton of Vaud. The current mandate period is from 1 Jue 2021 to 30 May 2026. The delegates are elected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is later on elected as such by a public election as well by a system of Majorz, while the heads of the other departments are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in
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#1732858060005984-449: Is 11,041 people or 8.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 8,277 people or 6.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 5,896 people or 4.7% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 1,171 people or 0.9% who are 90 and older. As of 2000 , there were 58,100 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 48,990 married individuals, 7,797 widows or widowers and 10,027 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000
1066-724: Is 8b with an average minimum temperature of −7.0 C over the past 20 years (1997–2016). The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, chief argent . The city is divided into 18 quartiers , or districts, sometimes composed of several neighborhoods. They are: Centre (1), Maupas/Valency (2), Sébeillon/Malley (3), Montoie/Bourdonnette (4), Montriond/Cour (5), Sous-Gare/Ouchy (6), Montchoisi (7), Florimont/Chissiez (8), Mousquines/Bellevue (9), Vallon/Béthusy (10), Chailly/Rovéréaz (11), Sallaz/Vennes/Séchaud (12), Sauvabelin (13), Borde/Bellevaux (14), Vinet/Pontaise (15), Bossons/Blécherette (16), Beaulieu/Grey/Boisy (17), and Les Zones foraines (90). The municipality ( la Municipalité ) constitutes
1148-565: Is a component of the flagship Swiss Market Index , and listed on the Nasdaq . The company develops and markets personal peripherals for PC navigation, video communication and collaboration, music and smart homes. This includes products like keyboards , mice , tablet accessories, headphones and headsets, webcams , Bluetooth speakers, universal remotes and more. Its name is derived from logiciel (the French word for software) and 'tech'. Logitech
1230-416: Is as broad as the consumer electronics that carry it. For instance, a television remote control can convey a "channel up" command to the television, while a computer might be able to surf the internet solely via CIR. The type, speed, bandwidth , and power of the transmitted information depends on the particular CIR protocol employed. CIR is the most common type of free-space optical communication . Since
1312-475: Is common to many place names of Roman origin in the region (e.g.) Prilly , Pully , Lutry , etc.). By the 2nd century AD, it was known as vikanor[um] Lousonnensium and in 280 as lacu Lausonio . By 400, it was civitas Lausanna , and in 990 it was mentioned as Losanna . After the fall of the Western Roman Empire , insecurity forced the residents of Lausanne to move to its current centre,
1394-512: Is developed in three different versions: 12 bit, 15 bit and 20 bit. After 12 bits have been received, the receiver waits to see if there are more falling edges to know if the SIRC protocol is 15 bit or 20 bit coded. The RECS-80 and RC-5 codes developed by Philips have been casually referred to as international standards. However, the RECS-80 protocol was prone to interference and was quickly replaced by
1476-737: Is often the case. There are even stripped down 4-bit mask-programmable microcontrollers designed only for remote control use (such as NEC's μPD612xA (discontinued), μPD613x, μPD1724x, μPD6x; and μPD17932x 8-bit family ). These offer keyboard wake, low power standby modes, and sample controller code though similar features are present on more general PIC microcontrollers or Atmel AVRs . Some infrared wireless laptop keyboards and mice use protocols similar to consumer IR devices. Some PC remote controls used for controlling computer media players, controlling presentation software, or other applications also use consumer IR style protocols. Some computer remotes, keyboards, and mice may also use IrDA protocol though IrDA
1558-407: Is settled (buildings or roads), 0.08 km (20 acres) or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.01 km (2.5 acres) or 0.0% is unproductive land. Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 1.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 22.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 12.4%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.6% of
1640-581: Is the capital and largest city of the Swiss French-speaking canton of Vaud . It is a hilly city situated on the shores of Lake Geneva , about halfway between the Jura Mountains and the Alps , and facing the French town of Évian-les-Bains across the lake. Lausanne is located 62 kilometres ( 38 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles) northeast of Geneva , the nearest major city. The municipality of Lausanne has
1722-599: Is the fastest growing in Switzerland. Initially a Celtic and Roman settlement on the shores of the lake, Lausanne became a town at the foot of Notre Dame , a cathedral built in the 12th century. In the 20th century, Lausanne became a focus of international sport, hosting the International Olympic Committee (which has recognized the city as the "Olympic Capital" since 1994), the Court of Arbitration for Sport and some 55 international sport associations. It lies in
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#17328580600051804-609: The Compagnie Générale de Navigation sur le lac Léman (CGN). Lausanne became the first city in Switzerland to have a rubber-tyred metro system, with the m2 Line which opened in October 2008. The rolling stock is a shorter version of the one used on Paris Métro Line 14 . Further expansion of the system is planned, as is the re-introduction of trams. Lausanne is connected to the A1 motorway on its west side (Geneva – Zurich axis) and to
1886-672: The 2015 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the PS which received 30.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the PLR (18.7%), the Green Party (15.9%), and the UDC (15.4%). In the federal election, a total of 26,116 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.0%. Lausanne has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 140,202. As of 2013 , 42% of
1968-460: The 2019 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the Green Party which received 27.3% (+11.4) of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the PS (26.7%, -4.2), PLR (15.1%, -3.6), the UDC (9.3%, -6), the POP / solidaritéS (9%, +1.9), the pvl (6.9%, +3.4). In the federal election a total of 26,070 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 39.7%. In
2050-576: The A9 on its north and east side (for transit with Italy and France); the interchange between these two motorways is on the north-west side of the city. Consumer IR Consumer IR , consumer infrared , or CIR is a class of devices employing the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communications . CIR ports are commonly found in consumer electronics devices such as television remote controls , PDAs , laptops , computers , and video game controllers. The functionality of CIR
2132-516: The Christian Catholic Church , and there were 4,437 individuals (3.55%) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 849 individuals (0.68%) who were Jewish, and 7,501 (6.00%) who were Muslim . There were 452 individuals who were Buddhist , 772 individuals who were Hindu and 343 individuals who belonged to another church. 21,080 (16.88%) belonged to no church, were agnostic or atheist , and 7,590 individuals (6.08%) did not answer
2214-555: The G8 meetings. In June 2022, Lausanne launched Plateforme 10, an art district comprising three museums. The trio of museums included Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts (MCBA), Photo Elysée, and the Museum of Contemporary Design and Applied Arts (MUDAC). The most important geographical feature of the area surrounding Lausanne is Lake Geneva ( Le Léman in French). Lausanne is built on the southern slope of
2296-1141: The Saitek brand and assets from Mad Catz for US$ 13 million . On 25 March 2017, Logitech signed a multi-year sponsorship deal with McLaren as the Official Technology Peripherals Partner. The deal would later be extended to McLaren's eSports endeavours under the Logitech G brand in 2020. On 11 August 2017, Logitech acquired Astro Gaming , makers of professional gaming equipment (mainly headsets), for US$ 85 million . On 25 May 2018, Logitech acquired Beyond Entertainment, an esports live broadcasting and digital media company, for an undisclosed amount. On 30 July 2018, Logitech announced that they had purchased Blue Microphones for US$ 117 million . On 26 September 2019, Logitech acquired Streamlabs , producer of software and tools for live-streaming, for approximately $ 89 million. On 29 July 2021, Logitech, in collaboration with choreographer JaQuel Knight , introduced its #Creators4BIPOC initiative under
2378-643: The Swiss Federal Railways depart from Lausanne railway station , which is also the hub of the RER Vaud commuter rail system, and a stop on the city's metro . The metro and local buses are operated by Transports publics de la région lausannoise (TL), with many routes run using trolleybuses . Additional commuter trains are run by the Lausanne–Echallens–Bercher railway (LEB) from Lausanne-Flon station . Ships across Lake Geneva are provided by
2460-569: The Swiss plateau , with a difference in elevation of about 500 metres (1,640 ft) between the lakeshore at Ouchy and its northern edge bordering Le Mont-sur-Lausanne and Épalinges . Lausanne boasts a dramatic panorama over the lake and the Swiss and Savoyan Alps . In addition to its generally southward-sloping layout, the centre of the city is the site of an ancient river, the Flon , which has been covered since
2542-692: The United States , Taiwan , Hungary and Ireland before being moved to Suzhou , China. As of 2005, the manufacturing operations in China produce approximately half of Logitech's products. The remaining production is outsourced to contract manufacturers and original design manufacturers in Asia . Lausanne Lausanne ( / l oʊ ˈ z æ n / loh- ZAN , US also / l oʊ ˈ z ɑː n / loh- ZAHN ; French: [lɔzan] ; Arpitan : Losena [lɔˈzəna] )
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2624-478: The 19th century. The former river forms a gorge running through the middle of the city south of the old city centre, generally following the course of the present Rue Centrale , with several bridges crossing the depression to connect the adjacent neighbourhoods. Due to the considerable differences in elevation, tourists should make a note as to which plane of elevation they are on and where they want to go, otherwise they will find themselves tens of metres below or above
2706-568: The CD you were recording stopped playing. Software running on a PC with a suitable interface could also control the AV components and monitor their activity; for example, your computer could tell what disk and track were playing in your CD changer and look up the titles in one of the internet CD databases. Sony charges 5000 USD for access to the S-Link documentation. Sony use the SIRC protocol for remote controls. SIRC
2788-536: The Communal Council are carried by the Municipality. The regular election of the Municipality by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every five years. Any resident of Lausanne allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipality. Since 14 April 2003, due to the constitution by canton of Vaud not only Swiss citizen have the right to vote and elect and being elected on communal level, but also foreigners with
2870-544: The Communal Council consist of 29 (-4) members of the Social Democratic Party (PS) , 24 (+7) Green Party (PES) , 21 (0) Les Libéraux-Radicaux (PLR) , 13 (+2) Ensemble à Gauche (an alliance of the left parties POP ( Parti Suisse du Travail – Parti Ouvrier et Populaire ) and solidaritéS and indépendant.e.s ), 7 (-5) Swiss People's Party (UDC), and 6 (0) members of the Green Liberal Party (pvl) ). In
2952-497: The IR commands requires only a microcontroller and an infrared LED , available from a wide variety of sources. Reception of the modulated commands for RC-5, RC-6, and the NEC protocols is easily accomplished with specialized IR receivers, most readily available from Sharp Corporation and Vishay Intertechnology . These receivers include a photo-diode, an automatic gain control (AGC) circuit, and
3034-486: The Italian engineer Marini to round out the new company. Borel served as chairman of the board , focused on sales and manufacturing, and he was chief executive officer (CEO) for most of the 1990s. Zappacosta served as president and a period as CEO, and he oversaw research. He left Logitech in 1997 to lead Digital Persona, a biometrics company. The company founders first concentrated on creating word processing software for
3116-576: The Logitech For Creators brand. It allows social media creators, particularly BIPOC influencers, to copyright and monetize their online creations by making it possible for choreographers who amplify attention to hits by major artists in the entertainment business to secure copyright of their choreography using Labanotation and earn royalties from it. In June 2023, Bracken Darrell (former CEO) left Logitech and board member Guy Gecht took over as interim CEO. On 18 July 2023, Logitech announced
3198-601: The Logitech name. In the early-to-mid-1980s, Logitech stopped making mice in Switzerland, instead opening factories in Cork, Ireland , and Hsinchu, Taiwan , in addition to the Fremont location. Logitech created the first wireless mouse in 1984, using infrared (IR) light to connect to the Metaphor Computer Systems workstation developed by David Liddle and Donald Massaro, former Xerox PARC engineers. The Metaphor's keyboard
3280-525: The MX Air Mouse, which allows a user to use natural gestures to control a PC. In August 2010, Logitech acquired Ultimate Ears , supplier of custom in-ear monitors for professional musicians and Bluetooth speakers for the consumer market. In December 2008, Logitech announced that it had manufactured one billion mice since 1985. In December 2009, Logitech acquired video conferencing equipment maker Lifesize Communications. In July 2011, Logitech acquired
3362-427: The Municipality and the administration. The sessions of the Communal Council are public. Unlike members of the Municipality, members of the Communal Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Lausanne allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Communal Council. Since 14 April 2003, due to the constitution by canton of Vaud not only Swiss citizen have
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3444-439: The NEC protocol, each manufacturer is assigned a unique code that is contained in the transmitted command, avoiding the possibility of false triggering by other remote handsets. RECS-80 uses pulse-position modulation and RC-5 uses bi-phase . Early dedicated-purpose chips were offered by Philips Semiconductors to allow for the easy use of RECS-80 and RC-5 protocols. The SAA3004, SAA3007, and SAA3008 encoder chips used RECS-80, and
3526-562: The RC-5 protocol with the newer RC-6 protocol that has both an expanded set of devices (256 versus 32) and commands per device (256 versus 64 in RC-5 and 128 in RC-5x). Again, information on the RC-6 protocol is not readily available from Philips. In contrast, the major Japanese consumer electronics manufacturers almost universally adopted a protocol that was developed and administered by NEC (now Renesas ). In
3608-438: The RC-5 protocol. Although it appears that they were proprietary protocols developed by Philips , they were also adopted by various other manufacturers, specifically European- and US-based ones. This allowed interoperability between the remote handsets and equipment of various brands. The RC-5 code was, and still is, used by many US- and European-based manufacturers of specialty audio/video equipment. Unfortunately, documentation of
3690-526: The SAA3006 and SAA3010 encoder chips used RC-5. The SAA3049A decoder chip decoded either type. (Note that the Philips Semiconductors division is now NXP Semiconductors ). All of these chips have been discontinued. However, these transmission protocols are easily created and/or decoded with general-purpose 8-bit microcontrollers, such as those offered by Microchip Technology and Atmel . Transmission of
3772-550: The Town Hall ( L'Hôtel de Ville ), in the old city on Place de la Palud . As of 2021 , Lausanne's Municipality is made up of three representatives of the PS ( Social Democratic Party , of whom one is also the mayor), and two members of PES ( Green Party ), and one each of le Parti Ouvrier et Populaire Vaudois (POP) , and PLR ( Les Libéraux-Radicaux (PLR) ), giving the left parties a very strong six out of seven seats. The last regular election
3854-688: The Zürich stock exchange. In 1989, Logitech produced its first trackball product, the TrackMan. Also in 1989, the company was nominated for PC Mag 's Technical Excellence Award for the patented development tool Multiscope Debugger. The application was written for OS/2 , followed by versions for the DOS and Windows 3.0 operating systems. Logitech won the award in January 1990. Logitech re-organized their manufacturing in 1994, shutting down Fremont operations and opening
3936-534: The acquisition of streaming controller maker Loupedeck for an undisclosed sum. On 30 October 2023, Logitech announced that Hanneke Faber would be taking over as the new CEO beginning December 1, 2023. Faber was previously group President at Unilever . The first Logitech mice, starting from the P4, were made in Le Lieu , in the Swiss Canton of Vaud by Dubois Dépraz SA . Production facilities were then established in
4018-406: The area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 7.4%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 9.4% is used for growing crops and 4.9% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is in lakes and streams. The municipality was part of the old Lausanne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and it became
4100-429: The average number of residents per living room was 0.64 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.61 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 6.5% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have
4182-526: The capital of the new district of Lausanne. Lausanne has an average of 119.7 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 1,153 mm (45.4 in) of precipitation . The wettest month is May during which time Lausanne receives an average of 117 mm (4.6 in) of rain. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.1 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 67 mm (2.6 in) of precipitation over 8.8 days. The USDA Hardiness Zone for Lausanne-Pully
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#17328580600054264-458: The care of a psychiatrist at Lausanne, T. S. Eliot composed most of his 1922 poem The Waste Land ("by the waters of Leman I sat down and wept"). Ernest Hemingway also visited from Paris with his wife during the 1920s, to holiday. In fact, many creative people – such as historian Edward Gibbon and Romantic era poets Shelley and Byron – have sojourned, lived, and worked in Lausanne or nearby. The city has been traditionally quiet, but in
4346-591: The company's results for its 2011 fiscal year to meet guidance and other accounting violations. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission said the alleged accounting issues left investors without an accurate view of the Swiss company's finances. On 12 April 2016, Logitech announced that they had agreed to acquire Jaybird , a leader in wireless audio wearables for sports and active lifestyles, for US$ 50 million , with an additional earnout of up to US$ 45 million based on achievement of growth targets. On 15 September 2016, Logitech announced that they had purchased
4428-417: The construction rate of new housing units was 2.1 new units per 1000 residents. As of 2003 the average price to rent an average apartment in Lausanne was 1064.08 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$ 850, £480, €680 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 597.46 CHF (US$ 480, £270, €380), a two-room apartment was about 792.33 CHF (US$ 630, £360, €510), a three-room apartment
4510-437: The consumer IR protocols are for the most part not standardized, computers and universal remotes often memorize a bit stream, possibly with compression and possibly without determining the actual bit rate, and play it back. Similarities between remotes are often largely the accidental result of the finite selection of infrared encoder/decoder chips (though now microcontrollers are also used) and IR receiver modules or imitation of
4592-411: The east) and la Côte (to the west). Lausanne has an area, as of 2012-2014 , of 41.38–41.37 square kilometers (15.98–15.97 sq mi) (depending on calculation method). Of this area, 6.22 km (2.40 sq mi) or 15.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 16.06 km (6.20 sq mi) or 38.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 19.00 km (7.34 sq mi) or 45.9%
4674-495: The executive government of the City of Lausanne and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of seven councilors (French: conseiller municipal/conseillère municipale ), each presiding over a directorate. One of the members act as mayor ( syndic ). In the mandate period 2021–2026 ( la législature ) the Municipality is presided by le Syndic Grégoire Junod. Directoral tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by
4756-477: The late 1960s and early 1970s, a series of demonstrations took place that exposed tensions between young people and the police. In the early 1980s, the Lôzane Bouge protests demanded the city "open an autonomous centre, lower cinema ticket prices, liberalise cannabis and end the process of keeping records on homosexuals, all accompanied by leaflets, chants, and songs in the street". Protests occurred in 2003, against
4838-631: The late 20th century, when it received substantial immigration, particularly from largely Catholic countries. Catholics now form a plurality of the city's population. The Jewish community gathers at the Synagogue of Lausanne . From the 2000 census , 47,225 people (37.8% of the population) were Roman Catholic , while 33,993 (27.2%) belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 2,698 members of an Orthodox church (2.16%), there were 65 individuals (0.05%) who belonged to
4920-436: The mobile visual communications provider Mirial . In January 2013, Bracken Darrell became Logitech's chief executive officer; then-CEO Guerrino De Luca continued as Logitech's chairman of the board. In January 2016, Logitech spun off the video conferencing equipment maker Lifesize. In April 2016, Logitech agreed to pay US$ 7.5 million penalty related to accusations that it and some former executives improperly inflated
5002-474: The modern Turkish Republic. In 1964, the city played host to the Swiss National Exhibition, displaying its newly found confidence to play host to major international events. From the 1950s to 1970s, a large number of Italians, Spaniards and Portuguese immigrated to Lausanne, settling mostly in the industrial suburb of Renens . The city has served as a refuge for European artists. While under
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#17328580600055084-543: The next most (906) were built between 1919 and 1945. There were 180 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000. In 2000 there were 69,383 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 22,408. There were 9,579 single room apartments and 7,388 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 61,056 apartments (88.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 6,840 apartments (9.9%) were seasonally occupied and 1,487 apartments (2.1%) were empty. As of 2009 ,
5166-546: The non-Swiss population increased by 2221 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.6%. The age distribution, as of 2009 , in Lausanne is; 11,818 children or 9.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 12,128 or 9.7% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 21,101 people or 16.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 22,158 people or 17.6% are between 30 and 39, 18,016 people or 14.4% are between 40 and 49, and 13,940 people or 11.1% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution
5248-472: The older chips rather than by design. Manufacturers of consumer appliances often reuse the same protocol on many similar devices, though for each manufacturer and device type there are usually multiple protocols in use. The code listings inform about for any universal remote. With the ready availability of inexpensive microcontroller chips, many remotes may be based on such chips today rather than dedicated remote control encoder chips. This makes it easier to keep
5330-476: The period that followed, especially in the 12th and 13th centuries, Lausanne flourished. Finally, in 1275, the Lausanne Cathedral was consecrated in the presence of Pope Gregory X and King Rudolf I of Germany . It was invaded by forces from the canton of Bern and remained under their domination from 1536 to 1798. The iconoclastic Bernese stripped the Lausanne cathedral of its Roman Catholic trappings, and
5412-424: The population of Swiss citizens decreased by 22 while the foreign population increased by 496. There were 9 Swiss men and 57 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 2230 non-Swiss men and 1802 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 883 and
5494-596: The population were resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 9.9%. It has changed at a rate of 8.3% due to migration and at a rate of 2.6% due to births and deaths. The population of the greater Lausanne area ( grand Lausanne ) is 402,900 (as of December 2014). Of the population in the municipality, 58% or 80,828 have a Swiss citizenship, while 16,908 or 12.1% are from Lausanne and still lived there in December 2013. There were 27,653 or 19.8% who are from somewhere else in
5576-523: The question. In 2014 the crime rate, of crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code , in Lausanne was 167.3 per thousand residents. During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 49.5 per thousand residents, and the rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 21 per thousand residents. Lausanne is served by an extensive network of local, national and international public transport. National and international passenger trains of
5658-404: The rest of the households, there are 13,131 married couples without children and 11,603 married couples with children. There were 3,883 single parents with a child or children. There were 2,130 households that were made up of unrelated people, and 1,575 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 1,833 single family homes (or 23.1% of
5740-456: The right to vote and elect and being elected on communal level, but also foreigners with a residence permit of at least 10 years in Switzerland and 3 years in the canton of Vaud. The Parliament holds its meetings in the Town Hall ( Hôtel de Ville ), in the old city on Place de la Palud . The last election of the Communal Council was held on 7 March 2021 for the mandate period ( la législature ) from 1 June 2021 to 31 May 2026. As of this election
5822-558: The same canton, while 36,276 or 26.0% have a Swiss citizenship in another canton. 58,9562 or 42.0% have a foreign citizenship. In 2000, most of the population spoke French (98,424 or 78.8%), with German being second most common (5,365 or 4.3%) and Italian being third (4,976 or 4.0%). There were 62 people who speak Romansh . In 2008 there were 840 live births to Swiss citizens and 623 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 862 deaths of Swiss citizens and 127 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration,
5904-403: The same codes when moving the buttons on the remote. Also, the decoder functionality will often be integrated into a more complicated microcontroller that controls the AV device, eliminating the need for the separate chip. In the absence of a viable standard, the microcontrollers can be used to emulate the ambiguous protocols used by the old dedicated encoder/decoder chips and it appears that this
5986-529: The standard commands were not widely distributed. Therefore, there are some brands of equipment that use non-standard commands, causing interference with other equipment also using the RC-5 protocol. The RC-5 command set was defined in the late 1980s and expanded to increase the number of commands in the early 1990s (sometimes called RC-5x). However, the rapidly expanding requirements for newer categories of electronics products since that time (e.g., DVD players, cable boxes, DVR's, et cetera) has led Philips to replace
6068-445: The street in which they are trying to go. The name Flon is also used for the metro station located in the gorge. The municipality includes the villages of Vidy , Cour, Ouchy , Mornex, Chailly, La Sallaz, Vennes, Montblesson, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Montheron and Chalet-à-Gobet (871 m (2,858 ft)) as well as the exclave of Vernand. Lausanne is located at the limit between the extensive wine-growing regions of Lavaux (to
6150-520: The total) out of a total of 7,925 inhabited buildings. There were 3,634 multi-family buildings (45.9%), along with 1,955 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (24.7%) and 503 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.3%). Of the single family homes 324 were built before 1919, while 153 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (498) were built between 1919 and 1945. The most multi-family homes (933) were built before 1919 and
6232-564: The wired mouse, making it more responsive to human movement. Logitech incorporated a Sommer-style CMOS microprocessor in their first retail mouse product, the rectangular three-button serial C7 product released in 1985, selling for $ 99 (equivalent to $ 280 in 2023). The next wired mouse model, the S9 released in 1989, was curved to fit the human hand, and it carried the Logitech logo for the first time. In 1988, Logitech incorporated as Logitech International SA with an initial public offering (IPO) on
6314-479: Was about 1044.64 CHF (US$ 840, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2024.55 CHF (US$ 1620, £910, €1300). The average apartment price in Lausanne was 95.3% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010 , was 0.17%. The historical population is given in the following chart: From the Reformation in the 16th century, the city was mostly Protestant until
6396-407: Was also IR wireless. The consumer IR connection scheme required a clear line of sight for data transfer, and did not work well on a cluttered desk. The wireless mouse did not gain widespread adoption until 1991 when Logitech introduced the first mouse based on a radio frequency connection , not limited to line-of-sight. In 1985, Swiss inventor René Sommer developed microprocessor circuitry for
6478-468: Was at 165 University Avenue , Palo Alto, California , US, home to a number of noted technology startups in the birthplace of Silicon Valley . In 1984, Logitech won a contract to supply Hewlett-Packard with computer mice in the role of original equipment manufacturer (OEM). The mice that Logitech supplied to HP were made in a new factory in Fremont, California , and they were branded HP: they did not display
6560-541: Was designed for very short range use. Sony manufactured a number of consumer devices of different types that share a common proprietary protocol , called S-link. A jack on each device allowed the remote control signals to be interconnected between devices. The protocol included the useful but unusual feature of supporting more than one of the same type of device (such as multiple CD changers). Some AV components could generate informational status codes that could be used to do things like automatically stop your tape deck when
6642-587: Was founded in Apples, Vaud , Switzerland , in 1981, by Daniel "Bobo" Borel , Pierluigi Zappacosta , and former Olivetti engineer Giacomo Marini . Swiss-born Borel and Italian-born Zappacosta had met in California while taking electrical engineering classes in the late 1970s at Stanford University , under professors such as Ethernet inventor Robert Metcalfe . Returning to Europe, they began working on new ideas near Romanel-sur-Morges , Switzerland, and they brought in
6724-470: Was held on 7 and 28 March 2021. Simon Affolter is Town Chancellor (chancelier municipal) since and Patrizia Marzullo Darbellay is Deputy Town Chancellor since for the Municipality. Le Conseil communal of Lausanne for the mandate period of 2021–2026 The Communal Council ( Conseil communal ) holds legislative power . It is made up of 100 members, with elections held every five years. The Communal Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by
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