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43-825: [REDACTED] Look up lockout in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Lockout may refer to: Lockout (industry) , a type of work stoppage Dublin Lockout , a major industrial dispute between approximately 20,000 workers and 300 employers 1913 - 1914 Lockout (sports) , lockout in sports leagues MLB lockout , lockout in MLB NBA lockout , lockout in NBA NFL lockout , lockout in NFL NHL lockout , lockout in NHL Lockout (film) ,

86-581: A baton charge at worker's rallies. On 31 August 1913, the DMP attacked a meeting on Sackville Street (now known as O'Connell Street ) that had been publicly banned. It caused the deaths of two workers: James Nolan and John Byrne. Over 300 more were injured. The baton charge was a response to the appearance of James Larkin, who had been banned from holding a meeting, to speak for the workers. He had been smuggled into William Martin Murphy's Imperial Hotel by Nellie Gifford ,

129-421: A 2012 science fiction action film Lock Out (film), a 1973 Spanish film Lockout chip , a computer chip in a video game system to prevent use of unauthorized software Lock-out device , part of a signaling system used on game shows Regional lockout , a barrier to prevent media use outside of a specific region Lockout (news filing) , a kind of "dateline" appended to a news report Lockout–tagout ,

172-460: A day. Dublin tramway workers were paid substantially less than their counterparts in Belfast and Liverpool and were subjected to a regime of punitive fines, probationary periods extending for as long as six years and a culture of company surveillance involving the widespread use of informers. Murphy was not opposed in principle to trade unions, particularly craft unions, but he was vehemently opposed to

215-419: A lockout. In a strike, unless it is an unfair labor practice strike, an employer may legally hire permanent replacements. Also, in many US states , employees who are locked out are eligible to receive unemployment benefits , but they are not eligible for such benefits during a strike. For the above reasons, many American employers have historically been reluctant to impose lockouts and instead try to provoke

258-783: A police cell. Connolly, Larkin and ex- British Army Captain Jack White formed a worker's militia, the Irish Citizen Army , to protect workers' demonstrations. For seven months, the lock-out affected tens of thousands of Dublin families. Murphy's three main newspapers, the Irish Independent , the Sunday Independent and the Evening Herald , portrayed Larkin as the villain. Influential figures such as Patrick Pearse , Countess Markievicz and William Butler Yeats supported

301-572: A procedure to prevent unsafe activation of machinery A period in some hostels during which guests are disallowed from the premises Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Lockout . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockout&oldid=1131635182 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

344-658: A small wage increase as compensation. The term lock-in refers to the practice of physically preventing workers from leaving a workplace. In most jurisdictions, it is illegal, but it is occasionally reported, especially in some developing countries. Lock-ins should not be confused with a sitdown strike , like the Flint sit-down strike between the United Automobile Workers and General Motors Corporation . More recently, lock-ins have been carried out by employees against management, which have been labeled ' bossnapping ' by

387-572: A socialist revolutionary . Notably, Guinness , the largest employer and biggest exporter in Dublin, refused to lock out its workforce. It refused to join Murphy's group but sent £500 to the employers' fund. It had a policy against sympathetic strikes and expected its workers, whose conditions were far better than the norm in Ireland, not to strike in sympathy; six who had done so were dismissed. It had 400 of its staff who were already ITGWU members and so it had

430-561: A strike. However, as American unions have increasingly begun to resort to slowdowns rather than strikes, lockouts have become a more common tactic of many employers. Even as strikes are on the decline, lockouts are on the rise in the US. In 1892, after several wage cuts and disputes with the employers at the Homestead Steel Mill in Homestead, Pennsylvania , the union called for a strike after

473-540: A union organiser. In 1907, he was sent to Belfast as a local organiser of the British-based National Union of Dock Labourers (NUDL). In Belfast, Larkin organised a strike of dock and transport workers . It was also in Belfast that Larkin began to use the tactic of the sympathetic strike in which workers who were not directly involved in an industrial dispute with employers would go on strike in support of other workers, who were striking. The Belfast strike

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516-651: A working relationship with the union. Larkin appealed to have the six reinstated but without success. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) leader, Bill Haywood , was in Paris when he heard of the lockout. He collected 1000 francs to aid the strikers and travelled to Dublin where he addressed a crowd in front of City Hall. Strikers used mass pickets and intimidation against strike-breakers, who were also violent towards strikers. The Dublin Metropolitan Police carried out

559-694: Is also caused by disagreement between employer and employees in a certain department. Dublin Lockout Workers organizations Supported by Employers & companies Supported by James Larkin James Connolly Jack White William Martin Murphy The Dublin lock-out was a major industrial dispute between approximately 20,000 workers and 300 employers that took place in Dublin , Ireland. The dispute, lasting from 26 August 1913 to 18 January 1914,

602-456: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Lockout (industry) Lockouts are usually implemented by simply refusing to admit employees onto company premises, and may include changing locks or hiring security guards for the premises. Other implementations include a fine for showing up, or a simple refusal of clocking in on the time clock . For these reasons, lockouts are referred to as

645-564: Is often viewed as the most severe and significant industrial dispute in Irish history . Central to the dispute was the workers' right to unionise . Many of Dublin's workers lived in terrible conditions in tenements . For example, over 830 people lived in just 15 houses in Henrietta Street 's Georgian tenements. At 10 Henrietta Street, the Irish Sisters of Charity ran a Magdalene laundry that

688-668: The 1998–99 and 2011–12 seasons , the National Hockey League in the 1994–95 , 2004–05 and 2012–13 seasons, and the National Football League in the 2011 offseason . The controversial 2012 NFL referee lockout involved referees, not players. In 2005, the NHL became the first major professional sports league in North America to cancel an entire season due to a lockout. In September 2016, Long Island University became

731-598: The BBC on TV and wire-service feeds on radio. The lock-out ended on October 11, 2005. On 2 April 2013, the Danish Union of Teachers ( Danish : Danmarks Lærerforening ) and the National Union of Municipalities ( Danish : Kommunernes Landsforening ) declared a lockout for more than 60,000 primary school teachers across the country. Over 600,000 students were also affected by the lockout and could not go to school. The dispute

774-696: The Imperial Hotel . He controlled the Irish Independent , Evening Herald and Irish Catholic newspapers and was a major shareholder in the B&;I Line . Murphy was also a prominent Irish nationalist and a former Home Rule MP in Parliament. Even today, his defenders insist that he was a charitable man and a good employer and that his workers received fair wages. However, conditions in his many enterprises were often poor or worse, with employees given only one day off in 10 and being forced to labour up to 17 hours

817-692: The Irish Socialist Republican Party and the newspaper The Workers' Republic . In 1911, Connolly was appointed the ITGWU's Belfast organiser. In 1912, Connolly and Larkin formed the Irish Labour Party to represent workers in the imminent Home Rule Bill debate in the British Parliament . Home rule, although passed in the House of Commons, was postponed, by the start of World War I . The plan

860-612: The antithesis of strikes. Lockouts are common in major league sports . In the United States and Canada, the National Football League , Major League Baseball , the National Basketball Association , and the National Hockey League have all experienced lockouts. A lockout is generally an attempt to enforce specific terms of employment upon a group of employees during a dispute. It is often used to force unionized workers to accept new conditions, such as lower wages. If

903-452: The Dublin slums at the time was tuberculosis (TB), which spread through tenements very quickly and caused many deaths among the poor. A report, published in 1912, found that TB-related deaths in Ireland were 50% higher than in England or Scotland . The vast majority of TB-related deaths in Ireland occurred among the poorer classes. The report updated a 1903 study by Dr John Lumsden . Poverty

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946-415: The ITGWU and saw its leader, Larkin, as a dangerous revolutionary. In July 1913, Murphy presided over a meeting of 300 employers during which a collective response to the rise of trade unionism was agreed. Murphy and the employers were determined not to allow the ITGWU to unionise the Dublin workforce. On 15 August, Murphy dismissed 40 workers whom he suspected of ITGWU membership, followed by another 300 over

989-588: The ITGWU. The "Kiddies' Scheme" for the starving children of Irish strikers to be temporarily looked after by British trade unionists was blocked by the Roman Catholic Church and especially the Ancient Order of Hibernians , which claimed that Catholic children would be subject to Protestant or atheist influences when in Britain. The Church supported the employers during the dispute and condemned Larkin as

1032-536: The actions of the ITGWU and the smaller UBLU had been unsuccessful in achieving substantially better pay and conditions for workers, they marked a watershed in Irish labour history. The principle of union action and workers' solidarity had been firmly established. No future employer would ever try to "break" a union as Murphy had attempted to with the ITGWU. The lock-out had damaged commercial businesses in Dublin, with many forced to declare bankruptcy. September 1913 , one of

1075-495: The alarm of employers. Larkin had learned from the methods of the 1910 Tonypandy riots and the 1911 Liverpool general transport strike . Another important figure in the rise of an organised workers' movement in Ireland at the time was James Connolly , an Edinburgh -born Marxist of Irish parentage. Connolly was a talented orator and a fine writer. He became known for his speeches on the streets of Dublin in support of socialism and Irish nationalism. In 1896, Connolly established

1118-416: The company stopped discussing its decisions with the union. Henry Clay Frick shut down the plant and locked out all workers, preventing them from entering the mill. Recent notable lockout incidents have been reported in professional sports, notably involving Major League Baseball in the 1990 and 2021–22 offseasons, the National Basketball Association in the 1995 offseason , the 1996 offseason , and

1161-517: The execution of Connolly, one of the leaders of the Easter Rising in 1916. The union was rebuilt by William O'Brien and Thomas Johnson . By 1919, its membership had surpassed that of 1913. Many of the blacklisted workers joined the British Army since they had no other source of pay to support their families, and they found themselves in the trenches of World War I within the year. Although

1204-518: The face of ongoing union industrial action . That cancelled all flights, grounding the entire fleet for several days. On August 15, 2005, 5,500 employees of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation , a Canadian public broadcaster were locked out by CEO Robert Rabinovitch in a dispute over future hiring practices. While services continued during the lock-out, programming consisted mainly of repeats, with news coverage being provided by

1247-409: The first institution of higher education to use a lockout against its faculty members. On 8 April, 1998, stevedoring company Patrick Corporation sought to restructure its operations for productivity reasons. In an industrial watershed event , it sacked all its workers and imposed a lockout on wharves around Australia. On 29 October 2011, Qantas declared a lockout of all domestic employees in

1290-500: The mainstream media. In France during March 2009, 3M 's national manager was locked in his office for 24 hours by employees in a dispute over redundancies. The following month, union employees of a call center managed by Synovate in Auckland locked the front doors of the office, in response to management locking them out. Such practices bear some resemblance to the gherao in India. It

1333-618: The most famous of W. B. Yeats ' poems, was published in The Irish Times during the lock-out. Although the occasion of the poem was the decision of Dublin Corporation not to build a gallery to house the Hugh Lane collection of paintings (William Martin Murphy was one of the most vocal opponents of the plan), it has sometimes been viewed by scholars as a commentary on the lock-out. In the poem, Yeats wrote mockingly of commerciants who "fumble in

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1376-568: The next week. The resulting industrial dispute was the most severe in the history of Ireland . Employers in Dublin locked out their workers and employed blackleg labour from Britain and elsewhere in Ireland. Dublin's workers, despite being some of the poorest in the United Kingdom at the time, applied for help and were sent £150,000 by the British Trades Union Congress (TUC) and other sources in Ireland, doled out dutifully by

1419-507: The sister-in-law of Thomas MacDonagh , and spoke from a balcony. The event is remembered as Bloody Sunday, a term used for two subsequent days in 20th-century Ireland and for the murderous charge of police in the Liverpool general strike. Another worker, Alice Brady , was later shot dead by a strike-breaker as she brought home a food parcel from the union office. Michael Byrne, an ITGWU official from Kingstown , died after he had been tortured in

1462-421: The union is asking for higher wages, better benefits, or maintaining benefits, a manager may use the threat of a lockout – or an actual lockout – to convince the union to relent. Far from all labour disputes involve lockouts (or strikes), but lockouts have been used on a large scale around the world during and after industrialization. Some of the lockout incidents are historically significant. The Dublin Lockout

1505-630: The unskilled workers of Dublin, which was a cause of concern for the NUDL, which was reluctant to engage in a full-scale industrial dispute with the powerful Dublin employers. It suspended Larkin from the NUDL in 1908. Larkin then left the NUDL and set up an Irish union, the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU). The ITGWU was the first Irish trade union to cater for both skilled and unskilled workers. In its first few months, it quickly gained popularity and soon spread to other Irish cities. The ITGWU

1548-461: The workers in the media. The lock-out eventually concluded in early 1914, when the TUC in Britain rejected Larkin and Connolly's request for a sympathetic strike. Most workers, many of whom were on the brink of starvation, went back to work and signed pledges not to join the ITGWU. It was badly damaged by its defeat in the Lockout and was further hit by the departure of Larkin to the United States in 1914 and

1591-464: Was a major industrial dispute between 20,000 workers and 300 employers in Dublin . The dispute lasted from 26 August 1913 to 18 January 1914, and is often viewed as the most severe and significant industrial dispute in the history of Ireland . Central to the dispute was the right to unionize . In the United States , under federal labor law , an employer may hire only temporary replacements during

1634-483: Was about whether teachers should have extra working time, as the Local Government Association (KL) wanted. The Danish Union of Teachers (DFL) was against it and could not find a solution. After 24 days of being locked out, the teachers lost the labour dispute on 25 April 2013, with a government intervention to end the lockout. The government chose to apply all of KL's main demands, and the teachers received

1677-419: Was inhabited by more than 50 single women. An estimated four million pledges were taken in pawnbrokers every year. The infant mortality rate among the poor was 142 per 1,000 births, extraordinarily high for a European city. The situation was made considerably worse by the high rate of disease in the slums, which was worsened by the lack of health care and cramped living conditions. The most prevalent disease in

1720-407: Was moderately successful and boosted Larkin's standing among Irish workers. However, his tactics were highly controversial and so Larkin was transferred to Dublin. Unskilled workers in Dublin were very much at the mercy of their employers. Employers who suspected workers of trying to organise themselves could blacklist them to destroy them any chance of future employment. Larkin set about organising

1763-470: Was perpetuated in Dublin by the lack of work for unskilled workers, who did not have any form of representation before trade unions were founded. The unskilled workers often had to compete with one another for work every day, with the job generally going to whoever agreed to work for the lowest wages. James Larkin , the main protagonist on the side of the workers in the dispute, was a docker in Liverpool and

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1806-536: Was then suspended for one year, then indefinitely, after the rise of militant nationalism after the 1916 Rising . Among the employers in Ireland opposed to trade unions such as Larkin's ITGWU was William Martin Murphy , Ireland's most prominent capitalist, born in Castletownbere, County Cork. In 1913, Murphy was chairman of the Dublin United Tramway Company and owned Clery's department store and

1849-420: Was used as a vehicle for Larkin's syndicalist views. He believed in bringing about a socialist revolution by the establishment of trade unions and calling general strikes . The ITGWU initially lost several strikes between 1908 and 1910 but after 1913 won strikes involving carters and railway workers like the 1913 Sligo dock strike . Between 1911 and 1913, membership of the ITGWU rose from 4,000 to 10,000, to

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