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49-598: (Redirected from Lochleven ) Loch Leven may refer to: Bodies of water in Scotland Loch Leven (Kinross) , a freshwater loch in Perth and Kinross Lochleven Castle , a fortress on the loch William Douglas of Lochleven , later the 6th Earl of Morton Loch Leven (Highlands) , a sea loch on the west coast of Scotland, south of Fort William Lakes and places elsewhere Loch Leven, Newfoundland and Labrador ,

98-550: A Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), a Special Protection Area (SPA), and a Ramsar site . There are also sites designated for their historical value surrounding Loch Leven. Lochleven Castle and St Serf's Priory are Scheduled Monuments . Kinross House is a Category A listed building , and its grounds are listed in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland . Although greatly improved in recent years,

147-409: A national nature reserve (NNR). As the largest lowland loch in Scotland, Loch Leven is an important site for waterfowl , with up to 35,000 birds present in the winter months. These birds migrate from a variety of places, such as Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Siberia and northern and central Europe. Loch Leven is particularly important for pink-footed geese , and up to 20,000 such geese (nearly 10% of

196-493: A building is classified as Category A, B or C, Category A denoting the highest level of protection. There are about 47,400 listed buildings in Scotland. Of these, around 8 percent (some 3,800) are Category A, and 50 percent are Category B, with the rest listed at Category C. The Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland is a listing of gardens and designed landscapes of national artistic and/or historical significance, in Scotland. The inventory

245-491: A food source for many of the species of birds, fish and mammals. During the summer months large clouds of small flies form a vital part of the food for ducklings. Some rare species of beetle are present, including the carrion beetle Thanatophilus dispar , the reed beetle Macroplea appendiculata and the ant beetle Anthicus scoticus . Other invertebrates found at the loch include aquatic snails and several species of dragonflies and damselflies . Otters are found around

294-683: A lake and inhabited place in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada Loch Leven, Saskatchewan , a hamlet in Saskatchewan, Canada Loch Leven (California) , a lake in California, U.S. Other "Loch Leven", a song by Arab Strap from Monday at the Hug and Pint Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Loch Leven . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

343-469: A listed building. A listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on the statutory list maintained by Historic Environment Scotland . A listed building may not be demolished, extended, or altered without special permission from the local planning authority, which typically consults the relevant central government agency, particularly for significant alterations to the more notable listed buildings. The degree of protection depends on whether

392-399: A shop, café, observation room, educational facilities, toilets, and marked trails leading to three bird hides . A further three open hides are provided at locations around the loch. Loch Leven is strongly associated with the sport of curling , and Kinross Curling Club, founded 1668, is reputedly the oldest in the world. The loch has been the site of the most extensive outdoor tournaments in

441-713: A whole that is intended, rather than specific buildings, which are protected by having listed status. Conservation areas are used to protect features such as groups of buildings, open spaces, street patterns, trees, and historic gardens. Scotland has around 600 conservation areas, which are controlled by local authorities. Regional parks are defined to co-ordinate the management of areas of attractive countryside that are of importance for recreation due to their proximity to population centres. The parks have been defined and are managed by local authorities . Currently Scotland has three regional parks: In addition to statutory designations, many areas are protected by virtue of being owned by

490-523: Is a fresh water loch located immediately to the east of the burgh of Kinross in Perth and Kinross council area, central Scotland . Roughly triangular, the loch is about 6 km (3.7 mi) at its longest. Prior to the canalisation of the River Leven , and the partial draining of the loch in 1826–36, Loch Leven was considerably larger. The drop in water level by 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) reduced

539-585: Is a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union . It is made up of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and Special Protection Areas (SPAs) designated under the Habitats Directive and Birds Directive respectively. The network includes both terrestrial and marine sites ( Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)). A Special Area of Conservation (SAC) is defined in the European Union 's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as

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588-484: Is also used by birds such as mute swans at the end of the summer for moulting, as the loch is large enough to allow them to avoid predators during a period when they are flightless as the shed their summer feathers and grow new winter plumage. The two main fish species present in Loch Leven are brown trout and perch : the loch's trout have long been noted for their unusual colour and high quality. Other fish living in

637-523: Is given under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 , which is a different law from that used for listed buildings (see below). According to the 1979 Act, a monument cannot be a structure which is occupied as a dwelling, used as a place of worship or protected under the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 . As a rule of thumb, a protected historic asset that is occupied would be designated as

686-600: Is mainly due to Scotland’s natural habitats being more intact than in the rest of the UK. NatureScot is responsible for declaring NNRs in Scotland, having taken advice from the NNR Partnership comprising representatives of the NNR managing and community and land-owning organisations. The majority of NNRs are directly managed by NatureScot; however, some are managed by, or in co-operation with other bodies such as Forestry and Land Scotland ,

735-400: Is usually owned or leased by the local authority: where another person or body is the owner, the owner must formally agree to the designation. A conservation area is an area considered worthy of preservation or enhancement because of its special architectural or historic interest. In conservation areas, it is the protection of the quality and special interest of the neighbourhood or area as

784-614: The Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora . They are to protect the 220 habitats and approximately 1000 species listed in annex I and II of the directive which are considered to be of European interest following criteria given in the directive. They must be chosen from the Sites of Community Importance by the State Members and designated SAC by an act assuring

833-824: The National Trust for Scotland and RSPB Scotland . Most NNRs in Scotland overlap Sites of Special Scientific Interest ; many are also Special Areas of Conservation and/or Special Protection Areas . There are 40 national scenic areas (NSAs) in Scotland, covering 13% of the land area of Scotland. The 40 NSAs were originally identified by the Countryside Commission for Scotland in 1978 as areas of "national scenic significance... of unsurpassed attractiveness which must be conserved as part of our national heritage" . There are 1,422 Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Scotland, in total covering around 10,110 square kilometres (3,900 sq mi), or about 12.6% of

882-501: The National Trust for Scotland ), and people continue to live and work in the parks. Although the landscapes often appear "wild" in character, the land is not wilderness , as it has been worked by humans for thousands of years. Like their English and Welsh counterparts the national parks of Scotland are effectively "managed landscapes", and are classified as IUCN Category V Protected Landscapes because of this. National nature reserves (NNRs) are areas of land or water designated under

931-632: The UNESCO World Heritage Programme list of sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common heritage of humankind. Historic Environment Scotland is responsible for cultural sites, whilst the Scottish Government 's Environment & Forestry Directorate is responsible for natural sites. As of 2018 there are 6 sites in the country, with a further 2 undergoing a process of formal evaluation. Ramsar sites are internationally recognised wetland sites, protected under

980-785: The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 to contain habitats and species of national importance. NNRs can be owned by public, private, community or voluntary organisations but must be managed to conserve their important habitats and species, as well as providing opportunities for the public to enjoy and engage with nature. There are currently 43 NNRs in Scotland, which cover less than 1.5% of the land area of Scotland. Many of these reserves are IUCN Category II (national park) areas, such as Glen Affric, Rùm, Abernethy Forest and The Great Trossachs Forest. There are 19 NNRs with IUCN Category II status in Scotland. There are none with this status in England, Wales or NI. This

1029-451: The Iron Age) have been found off Kirkgate Park. St Serf's Inch was the home of a Culdee and then an Augustinian monastic community, St Serf's Inch Priory . There was a monastic community on the island which was old in the 12th century. The monastery produced a series of Gaelic language charters from the 11th and 12th centuries which were translated into Latin in the late 12th century. It

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1078-509: The Loch Leven national nature reserve (NNR), which covers 1,823 ha (4,500 acres) of loch and islands. The NNR is managed by NatureScot , with the wetlands on the southern shore being managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) and the fishing and shooting managed by Kinross Estate. Castle Island is managed by Historic Environment Scotland , who also run the ferry to

1127-640: The River Leven in the said county of Fife." The work was undertaken to provide a more reliable water supply to industries along the River Leven, and involved the lowering of the level of the loch, and straightening of the River Leven: the old meanders of the river are visible in aerial photographs of the area. There is an all abilities path around the loch, known as the Loch Leven Heritage Trail, which can be accessed from seven different car parks around

1176-627: The Upper Solway Flats and Marshes, which covers parts of both Scotland and England in the Solway Firth . The total area of all Ramsar sites in Scotland is approximately 313,500 hectares (775,000 acres). All of Scotland's Ramsar sites form part of the European Natura 2000 network as either Special Protection Areas or Special Areas of Conservation , and many sites are further protected as Sites of Special Scientific Interest . Natura 2000

1225-590: The architect Sir William Bruce . Visitors to Loch Leven have long noted the abundance of wildlife here: In this lough is fish every day gotten for store, none in Britain like, and consider the bigness of it as also for fowl. There is a river they call the Leven running out of it eight miles to the sea, and in it is salmons... there be great store of all kinds of wildfowl, of wild geese there being continually seen 3,000 or 4,000, and swans many. What appears to contribute most to

1274-604: The conservation measures of the natural habitat. A Special Protection Area (SPA) is a designation under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds . Under the Directive, Member States of the European Union (EU) have a duty to safeguard the habitats of migratory birds and certain particularly threatened birds. Local nature reserves, of which there are 74, are designated by local authorities , and are usually close to towns and cities. The land

1323-789: The country's total land area. They cover sites that are considered worthy of protection due to their flora , fauna , geology or geomorphology. Sites notified for their flora or fauna are known as Biological SSSIs , whilst those notified for geological or geomorphological interest are Earth Science SSSIs ; sites may be notified under both categories. SSSIs are considered to form the basic building block of site-based nature conservation in Great Britain, and most other legal nature/earth science conservation designations, including national nature reserves, Ramsar sites, Special Protection Areas, and Special Areas of Conservation are based upon them. Most SSSIs are in private ownership, and NatureScot works with

1372-535: The island. Loch Leven was first declared a National Nature Reserve in 1964 and re-declared in 2002, when it was extended to include the RSPB Loch Leven section. The NNR is classified as a Category II protected area by the International Union for Conservation of Nature . As an internationally important site for wildlife Loch Leven holds a number of different conservation designations, being designated as

1421-513: The landscape and natural environment. At present, Scotland has two national parks : Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park , created in 2002, and the Cairngorms National Park , created in 2003. Unlike the national parks of many other countries, the national parks of Scotland are not areas of uninhabited land owned by the state. The majority of the land is in the ownership of private landowners (including conservation bodies such as

1470-463: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loch_Leven&oldid=1230373041 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Loch Leven (Kinross) Loch Leven ( Scottish Gaelic : Loch Lìobhann )

1519-459: The loch and the burns that feed into it, and water shrews and water voles live along the banks of ditches and burns. A total of six species of bat have been recorded at the NNR: Daubenton , brown long-eared , noctule , Nathusius , soprano and common pipistrelle bat . Grey squirrel numbers are controlled and this has allowed red squirrels to re-establish themselves in woodlands around

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1568-492: The loch at Kinross Pier; Kirkgate Park; Burleigh Sands; Loch Leven's Larder; Findatie; RSPB Loch Leven car park; and the car park at the Cashmere Factory. The trail was completed in 2014, and as of 2016 NatureScot estimated that 200,000 people were using it annually. The RSPB run a visitor centre on their section of the reserve which as of 2016 was receiving around 70,000 visitors each year. The centre has facilities including

1617-720: The loch continues to suffer from a high phosphorus load and other pollution, primarily as a result of surrounding agricultural practises, which has contributed to occasional algal blooms on the loch and reduced feature condition. Work is ongoing to continue to reduce these effects, however it is thought that increasing summer temperatures now play a significant role in the formation of these blooms. Protected areas of Scotland The various designations overlap considerably with many protected areas being covered by multiple designations with different boundaries. The national parks of Scotland are managed areas of outstanding landscape where some forms of development are restricted to preserve

1666-461: The loch include sticklebacks , pike , eels , and minnows . Some species of fish noted in historical records are no longer present: it is thought that Arctic char were impacted by the lowering of the loch's water level, whilst the damming of the River Leven and rise in pollution due to the increase in industry are the likely reasons for the demise of the population of Atlantic salmon . The loch supports many species of invertebrates, which provide

1715-407: The loch to 75% of its former size, and exposed several small islands, as well as greatly increasing the size of the existing ones. There are seven islands on the loch, the largest being St Serf's Inch . Lochleven Castle , where Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned in 1567, lies on one of these islands, and it can be reached by a ferry operated from Kinross by Historic Environment Scotland during

1764-699: The loch. Fox , mink and brown rat are also present on the reserve. As with the grey squirrels numbers are controlled, for these pest species this is to protect nesting birds. The Loch Leven NNR hosts a wide assemblage of vascular plant species that grow around the loch shore, including three species listed on the IUCN Red List ( coral root orchid , Loch Leven spearwort and lesser water-plantain ) and other species rated as "nationally rare" or "nationally scarce" such as holy grass , threadrush and mudwort . Lesser water plantain, Loch Leven spearwort, mudwort and threadrush live on areas of mud, sand or gravel around

1813-413: The lochside. They require sites that are intermittently exposed, and either natural erosion or active management is needed to prevent reeds or other aquatic plants from out-competing them. Coral-root orchid is found at only one location on the reserve. The area around Loch Leven has been inhabited for millennia, and the remains of a crannog (a dwelling constructed on an artificial island, probably during

1862-667: The owners and managers to ensure the special features are preserved. Each SSSI has a site management statement produced by NatureScot which describes these features and details the actions and restrictions required to conserve them. The SSSI designation was originally introduced across Great Britain by the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 (the similar Areas of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) operates in Northern Ireland ). SSSIs in Scotland now fall under

1911-480: The partial draining of the loch in 1826–36, one of them being a sceptre , "apparently of cane, hilted with ivory, and mounted with silver, upon which … were the letters of the words, 'Mary, Queen of Scots'", found near the Mary Knowe , where she is supposed to have landed after her escape from the castle. Kinross House lies on the western shore of the loch facing out to the castle. It was built in 1684-95 by its owner,

1960-622: The protection of marine areas seventeen Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas (NCMPAs) were designated within Scotland's territorial waters (i.e. within 12 nautical miles (22 km)). A further thirteen protected areas are beyond the 12 mile limit and are therefore designated by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee rather than NatureScot. A scheduled monument is a "nationally important" archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change. The protection provided to scheduled monuments

2009-439: The redness and rich taste of Loch Leven trout is the vast quantity of small shellfish, red in colour, which abound all over the bottom of the loch especially among the aquatic weeds. In 1827 an Act of Parliament was passed "for recovering, draining and preserving certain lands in the counties of Fife and Kinross ; and for better supplying with water the mills, Manufactories and Bleach fields and other works situated on or near

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2058-689: The remit of the Scottish Parliament and Government , and are designated by NatureScot under the Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004 . The Register of Sites of Special Scientific Interest is held and maintained by the Registers of Scotland . Scotland's network of Marine protected areas (MPAs) consists of more than 230 designated areas, covered by various designations including Special Areas of Conservation, Special Protection Areas and Sites of Special Scientific Interest. In order to strengthen

2107-464: The sport, the Grand Match or Bonspiel , however the ice has not been thick enough for this since 1959. The cold weather of the 2010/11 winter led to much speculation that a Bonspiel could be held, however due to safety concerns only informal matches were held on the loch. The loch is also a popular location for angling (chiefly for brown trout ) and wildfowling . Loch Leven forms the main part of

2156-559: The summer months. NatureScot describe Loch Leven as "one of Scotland's top natural assets", due to its rich ecosystem that supports many different species of plants, insects, fish and birds. It is of particular significance to migrating birds, who use it as a stopover when flying between their breeding and wintering grounds, due to its lowland location, shallow nutrient rich waters, large water surface, and islands (which provide safe nesting sites). Loch Leven holds numerous national and international conservation designations , including being

2205-615: The terms of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, which was developed and adopted by participating nations at a meeting in Ramsar , Iran , on 2 February 1971. At the end of 2010, 160 states were contracting parties to the Convention, and the worldwide total of sites was 1,920. The United Kingdom was one of 18 original signatories to the Convention, and has since designated 168 Ramsar sites. 51 of these sites are within Scotland, including one site,

2254-639: The world's population) may be present at times, although many geese move south from the loch as winter progresses. Other bird wintering at Loch Leven include greylag geese , whooper swans , goldeneyes , tufted ducks , pochards , teals , gadwalls , cormorants , and shovelers . Loch Leven is also important for breeding birds, and hosts one of the largest concentrations of breeding ducks of any non-coastal site in Europe. The most numerous species are tufted duck and mallard ; gadwall, shoveler, shelduck , pochard, teal, pintail and wigeon are also present. The loch

2303-568: Was first published for consultation in December 2010 by Historic Scotland , and formally launched in May 2011. As of 2019 the inventory, which is now maintained by Historic Environment Scotland (successor body to Historic Scotland), lists 40 battlefields on the inventory, the most recent addition being the Battle of Sark which was listed in 2016. World Heritage Sites are locations that have been included in

2352-478: Was here that Prior Andrew of Wyntoun wrote the Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland . Lochleven Castle is strongly associated with Mary, Queen of Scots , who was imprisoned here in 1567–1568, and forced to abdicate as queen, before escaping with the help of her gaoler 's family. After her escape her forces were defeated at the Battle of Langside , and she fled to England. Several relics were found during

2401-629: Was originally compiled in 1987, and now covers sites dating from the medieval period through to the 20th century. From 1991 the inventory, which is a continually evolving list, was maintained by Historic Scotland and Scottish Natural Heritage, and it is now updated by a dedicated team within Historic Environment Scotland. As of 2019 the inventory included over 300 sites across Scotland, ranging in size from one hectare to well over 1000 hectares. The Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland lists nationally significant battlefields . It

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