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68-802: Lloyd Hall was born in Elgin , Illinois on June 20, 1894. Hall's grandmother came to Illinois using the " Underground Railroad " at the age of sixteen. His grandfather came to Chicago in 1837 and was one of the founders of the Quinn Chapel A.M.E. Church . He became the church's first pastor in 1841. Hall's parents, Augustus and Isabel, both graduated high school. Although Lloyd was born in Elgin, his family moved to Aurora, Illinois . He graduated in 1912 from East Side High School in Aurora. After graduating school, he studied pharmaceutical chemistry at Northwestern University , earning

136-529: A Bachelor of Science and a [Master's degree]at the University of Chicago . At Northwestern, Hall met Carroll L. Griffith, who with his father, Enoch L. Griffith, founded Griffith Laboratories. The Griffiths later hired Hall as their chief chemist. After leaving university, Hall was hired by the Western Electric Company after a phone interview. The company refused to hire Hall after they discovered he

204-518: A climbing wall , remains one of the largest municipal recreation centers in the United States. The Elgin Sports Complex on the city's southwest side offers ten lighted ballfields, ten soccer fields and The Hill BMX track. The complex hosts several local, regional and national tournaments every year. Elgin connects to Algonquin and Dundee to the north, and St. Charles , Geneva , and Batavia to

272-444: A food additive or in food preparation. It is used commercially in foods requiring a natural emulsifier or lubricant. In confectionery, it reduces viscosity, replaces more expensive ingredients, controls sugar crystallization and the flow properties of chocolate , helps in the homogeneous mixing of ingredients, improves shelf life for some products, and can be used as a coating. In emulsions and fat spreads , such as margarines with

340-419: A surfactant . They can be completely metabolized (see inositol ) by humans, so are well tolerated by humans and nontoxic when ingested. The major components of commercial soybean-derived lecithin are: Lecithin is used for applications in human food, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, paints, and other industrial applications. Applications include: The nontoxicity of lecithin leads to its use with food, as

408-465: A centennial "Pioneer Medal" made by Rovelstad. The date 1673 was in reference to the expedition of Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette , despite the fact that their journey took them nowhere near the future site of Elgin. The coin did not prove to be a popular success, probably because of the Great Depression and the great variety of commemorative coins being issued at the time. Five thousand of

476-513: A church near Lesler Road. The strongest tornado was rated EF-1 on the enhanced Fujita scale that lasted from 7:16pm to 7:34pm, with peak winds of 100 miles per hour and a path width of 440 yards. As of the 2020 census there were 114,797 people, 36,825 households, and 26,310 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,974.02 inhabitants per square mile (1,148.28/km ). There were 40,530 housing units at an average density of 1,050.00 per square mile (405.41/km ). The racial makeup of

544-464: A female householder with no husband present, and 28.55% were non-families. 24.15% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.43% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.60 and the average family size was 2.99. The city's age distribution consisted of 26.6% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

612-636: A fumigant. Hall and Griffith later promoted the use of ethylene oxide for the sterilization of medical equipment, helping to advance an idea that had been around for several years. Hall also invented new uses of antioxidants to prevent food spoilage, especially the onset of rancidity in fats and oils . Aware that unprocessed vegetable oils frequently contained natural antioxidants such as lecithin that slowed their spoilage, he developed means of combining these compounds with salts and other materials so that they could be readily introduced to other foods. After retiring from Griffith in 1959, Hall consulted for

680-417: A gradual shift to other sources of lecithin (such as sunflower lecithin) is taking place. The main phospholipids in lecithin from soy and sunflower are phosphatidylcholine , phosphatidylinositol , phosphatidylethanolamine , phosphatidylserine , and phosphatidic acid . They are often abbreviated to PC, PI, PE, PS and PA, respectively. Purified phospholipids are produced by companies commercially. To modify

748-409: A high fat content of more than 75%, it stabilizes emulsions, reduces spattering (splashing and scattering of oil droplets) during frying , improves texture of spreads and flavor release. In doughs and baking , it reduces fat and egg requirements, helps even out distribution of ingredients in dough, stabilizes fermentation , increases volume, protects yeast cells in dough when frozen, and acts as

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816-403: A hill prairie and a fen , or alkaline spring marshland, which is home to several rare orchids . Trout Park also includes a similar calcareous seep community, with the addition of a unique forest community of oaks , ashes , maples , and uncommon species such as arborvitae and witch-hazel . When the park was created in the 1920s, the local newspaper ran a lengthy front-page story with lists of

884-455: A mayor, who serve on a part-time basis. The city manager, a full-time professional, serves at the pleasure of the mayor and city council. The current council members are Corey Dixon, Dustin Good, Rosamaria Martinez, Anthony Ortiz, Tish S. Powell, Carol J. Rauschenberger, F. John Steffen and Steven Thoren. Elgin's current mayor is David Kaptain and city manager is Rick Kozal. The city council meets

952-495: A museum that was still serving that purpose. Open Elgin is a free, self guided tour of downtown Elgin's architecture. Each April, over two dozen buildings are accessible on the tour, though the event has been postponed due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic . The nine-member Elgin Heritage Commission promotes historic preservation activity. The Gifford Park Association was also active in historic preservation, and conducts

1020-650: A popular annual house tour. Elgin's city parks include 112-acre (45 ha) Lords Park, which features the Elgin Public Museum and a small zoo featuring a herd of American bison , and 121-acre (49 ha) Wing Park, which includes a golf course and outdoor swimming pool. Other golf courses within Elgin include the Highlands of Elgin, the Elgin Country Club, and Bowes Creek Country Club. The Centre of Elgin, which among other features includes an aquatic park and

1088-448: A process called fractionation . During this process, lecithin is mixed with an alcohol, usually ethanol . Some phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, have good solubility in ethanol, whereas most other phospholipids do not dissolve well in ethanol. The ethanol is separated from the lecithin sludge, after which the ethanol is removed by evaporation to obtain a phosphatidylcholine-enriched lecithin fraction. As described above, lecithin

1156-483: A process whereby solutions of sodium chloride and one or more secondary salts were sprayed onto hot metal and rapidly dried, producing crystals of the secondary salts encased inside a shell of sodium chloride. Seifert patented the process in 1934 and sold the rights to Griffith Laboratories. The adaptation of Seifert's process specifically for meat curing was then patented by company owner Enoch L. Griffith, who proposed nitrates and nitrites , well-known curing agents, as

1224-523: A proposed Sustainability Action Plan that includes plans for creating renewable sources of energy for the city, a curbside organics/composting pilot-program, and information about community gardens. Elgin was chartered as a city by the State of Illinois in 1854, and 100 years later it became the first city in Illinois to adopt a council-manager form of government. Residents elect eight at-large council members and

1292-403: A releasing agent to prevent sticking and simplify cleaning. It improves wetting properties of hydrophilic powders (such as low-fat proteins) and lipophilic powders (such as cocoa powder ), controls dust, and helps complete dispersion in water. Lecithin keeps cocoa and cocoa butter in a candy bar from separating. It can be used as a component of cooking sprays to prevent sticking and as

1360-619: A releasing agent. In the EU Lecithin is designated at food additive E322 . Lecithin contains dietary precursors to choline , an essential nutrient, which was formerly classified as a B vitamin (vitamin B 4 ). Lecithin is a mixture of fats that contains phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine, and the human body can convert phosphatidylcholine into choline. The choline content in lecithin can vary, but it's found that phosphatidylcholine makes up about 25 to 35 percent of lecithin. Furthermore, only about 12 percent of phosphatidylcholine

1428-426: A rescue raft, and a Battalion Chief, along with several vehicles used for inspections and other official business. Five public school districts and 18 private schools serve Elgin. Private schools include: Elgin has three stations on Metra 's Milwaukee District West Line , which provides daily rail service between Elgin and Chicago Union Station ): National Street , Elgin , and Big Timber Road . Big Timber Road

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1496-557: A significant source of income for the city. Drawing nearly four million people annually, as of March 2005 it was the fifth most popular tourist attraction in Illinois. The Grand Victoria Foundation , to which the casino had contributed an amount in excess of $ 116 million, provides community grants to nonprofits in the city. In the years since, more casinos have opened in the area and the Grand Victoria Casino had seen attendance and revenue decline. In 2013, Elgin ranked number one in

1564-450: Is a mixture of phospholipids in oil . The lecithin can be obtained by water degumming the extracted oil of seeds. It is a mixture of various phospholipids, and the composition depends on the origin of the lecithin. A major source of lecithin is soybean oil . Because of the EU requirement to declare additions of allergens in foods, in addition to regulations regarding genetically modified crops ,

1632-425: Is actually choline. This adds up to a choline content of approximately 4 percent for lecithin. For example, 10 grams of lecithin has 2,500mg of phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholine is approximately 13.7% choline; as such, about 342mg of choline is present per 10 grams of lecithin. Therefore, 10 grams of lecithin can be a source for the body to produce about the same amount of choline (342mg) as can be produced by

1700-514: Is an excellent emulsifier . In aqueous solution, its phospholipids can form either liposomes , bilayer sheets , micelles , or lamellar structures , depending on hydration and temperature. This results in a type of surfactant that usually is classified as amphipathic . Lecithin is sold as a food additive and dietary supplement . In cooking, it is sometimes used as an emulsifier and to prevent sticking, for example in non-stick cooking spray . Commercial lecithin, as used by food manufacturers,

1768-452: Is considered by some to be kitniyot and prohibited on Passover for Ashkenazi Jews when many grain-based foods are forbidden, but not at other times. This does not necessarily affect Sephardi Jews , who do not have the same restrictions on rice and kitniyot during Passover. Muslims are not forbidden to eat lecithin per se; however, since it may be derived from animal as well as plant sources, care must be taken to ensure this source

1836-441: Is highly processed. Therefore, genetically modified (GM) protein or DNA from the original GM crop from which it is derived often is undetectable – in other words, it is not substantially different from lecithin derived from non-GM crops. Nonetheless, consumer concerns about genetically modified food have extended to highly purified derivatives from GM food, such as lecithin. This concern led to policy and regulatory changes in

1904-610: Is home to the Elgin Academy , the oldest coeducational, non-sectarian college preparatory school west of the Allegheny Mountains . Elgin High School boasts five Navy admirals, a Nobel Prize winner, a Pulitzer Prize winner, a Tony Award winner, two Academy Award-winning producers, Olympic athletes and a General Motors CEO among its alumni. Elgin resident John Murphy invented the motorized streetsweeper in 1914 and later formed

1972-534: Is the western terminus of this service, however it is not serviced by the Metra on weekends or major U.S. holidays as trains terminate in Elgin on those days. The Chicago & North Western had a line to Freeport which ran through Elgin. Elgin used to have a streetcar system, operated by the Aurora, Elgin and Fox River Electric Company . Additionally, Elgin was served by several interurban lines. The most prominent of these

2040-519: Is water. On March 28, 1920, Elgin was struck by several tornadoes along the Fox River that caused significant damage to Chicago and several western suburbs. Twenty-three people were killed and several businesses and homes were destroyed, including the Opera House and Grant Theater. On July 12, 2023, multiple tornadoes went through Elgin causing roof, siding, and wall damage to many buildings including

2108-698: The Chicago metropolitan area in new home starts while ranking second in new home closings. Elgin's downtown has also been the center of city renovations and new developments. New townhouses, condo towers, loft spaces, and art galleries have opened in the last decade. In October 2003 the Gail Borden Public Library moved into a new $ 30 million, 139,980 square foot, 460,000 volume-capacity building, and in August 2009 opened its first-ever satellite branch. The 10,000 square foot Rakow Branch, situated on Elgin's West Side,

Lloyd Hall - Misplaced Pages Continue

2176-575: The EU in 2000, when Commission Regulation ( EC ) 50/2000 was passed which required labelling of food containing additives derived from GMOs , including lecithin. Because it is nearly impossible to detect the origin of derivatives such as lecithin, the European regulations require those who wish to sell lecithin in Europe to use a meticulous, but essential system of identity preservation (IP). Lecithins have emulsification and lubricant properties, and are

2244-528: The Elgin National Road Races , which attracted the top national racing champions as well as many of the major automobile manufacturers. The races were sponsored by the Elgin Watch Company who offered a $ 1,000 prize and a silver trophy to the winner. The races contributed significantly to the development of the modern automobile. Elgin has a long tradition of education and invention. Elgin

2312-543: The Elgin Transportation Center located at 102 West Chicago Street in downtown. Routes generally run every half hour and meet up at the terminal at the same time to provide convenient transferring. Several routes also travel out of Elgin to other nearby suburbs, such as Carpentersville, West Dundee ( Spring Hill Mall ), Schaumburg ( Woodfield Mall ), and St. Charles (and connecting bus service to Aurora and Geneva). Pace operates an express route between Elgin and

2380-787: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations . From 1962 to 1964, he sat on the American Food for Peace Council. He died in 1971 in Pasadena , California . He was awarded several honors during his lifetime, including honorary degrees from Virginia State University , Howard University , and the Tuskegee Institute and in 2004 he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for his work., football and track. He had

2448-766: The Rosemont station on the Blue Line . The service operates along I-90 . Access to the bus route is via the Elgin Transportation Center , the Randall Road park and ride lot, and the IL-25 park and ride lot. Major highways in Elgin include: Interstate Highways [REDACTED] Interstate 90 US Highways [REDACTED] US 20 Illinois Highways [REDACTED] Route 19 [REDACTED] Route 25 [REDACTED] Route 31 [REDACTED] Route 58 [REDACTED] Route 72 Notable people of Elgin include

2516-522: The Scottish tune "Elgin". Early Elgin achieved fame for the butter and dairy goods it sold to the city of Chicago. Gail Borden established a condensed milk factory here in 1866, and the local library was named in his honor. The dairy industry became less important with the arrival of the Elgin Watch Company . The watch factory employed three generations of Elginites from the late 19th century to

2584-420: The anticaking agents . Hall also investigated the role of spices in food preservation. It was common knowledge that certain seasonings had antimicrobial properties, but Hall and co-worker Carroll L. Griffith found that some spices carried many bacteria , as well as yeast and mold spores. To counter these problems, they patented in 1938 a means to sterilize spices through exposure to ethylene oxide gas,

2652-758: The poverty line , including 16.4% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over. According to Elgin's 2018 Comprehensive Plan, the top employers in the city are: Elgin is home to the Elgin Symphony Orchestra . Other classical music groups include the Elgin Youth Symphony Orchestra , the Elgin Master Chorale, and the Elgin Children's Chorus. Outdoor music can be heard at the Wing Park Bandshell. Theatre groups include

2720-578: The sixth-most populous city in the state. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the Black Hawk Indian War of 1832 led to the expulsion of the Native Americans who had settlements and burial mounds in the area and set the stage for the founding of Elgin. Thousands of militiamen and soldiers of Gen. Winfield Scott 's army marched through the Fox River valley during the war, and accounts of

2788-565: The 1980s, downtown Elgin experienced a renaissance in the 1990s with the arrival of the Grand Victoria riverboat casino and improvement in the local economy. Many historic buildings have been transformed into stylish clubs and restaurants. The city was known for its historic architecture and landmarks from the Victorian era , including some fine examples of homes in the Queen Anne style . Many of

Lloyd Hall - Misplaced Pages Continue

2856-937: The 25,000 coins initially minted were unsold and melted down by the mint. Rovelstad's pioneer statue was not installed until 2001. Lecithin Lecithin ( / ˈ l ɛ s ɪ θ ɪ n / LESS -ith-in ; from the Ancient Greek λέκιθος lékithos " yolk ") is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues which are amphiphilic – they attract both water and fatty substances (and so are both hydrophilic and lipophilic ), and are used for smoothing food textures, emulsifying , homogenizing liquid mixtures, and repelling sticking materials. Lecithins are mixtures of glycerophospholipids including phosphatidylcholine , phosphatidylethanolamine , phosphatidylinositol , phosphatidylserine , and phosphatidic acid . Lecithin

2924-595: The Boyer Chemical Laboratory, again as a chief chemist. Following this, Hall became president and chemical director for Chemical Products Corporation's consulting laboratory. In 1925, Hall took a position with Griffith Laboratories where he remained for 34 years. Lloyd Hall devoted much of his life and efforts to food science curing meat , particularly to improving a [curing salt] marketed by Griffith Laboratories known as flash-drying . This product originated with German chemist Karl Max Seifert , developer of

2992-593: The Central Business District Streetscape Improvement Project and the Riverside Drive Promenade. A significant Laotian American community calls Elgin home. Elgin has been a sister city of Vientiane , the capital of Laos , since 1967. Some Laotian Americans have opened stores and restaurants, contributing to the city's cultural diversity. Elgin is also home to a sizable Latino population, contributing to 45.7% of

3060-632: The Elgin Sweeper Corporation. Pioneering African-American chemist Lloyd Hall was an Elgin native, as was the legendary marketer and car stereo pioneer Earl "Madman" Muntz ; and Max Adler , founder of the Adler Planetarium in Chicago, America's first planetarium. In the 1990s, Elgin became one of the few cities in northern Illinois to host a riverboat casino . The Grand Victoria Casino initially generated controversy, but went on to be

3128-684: The Janus Theatre Company, Elgin Theatre Company, the Independent Players, Children's Theatre of Elgin, Fox Valley Youth Theatre, and Nothing Special Productions. Together, The Hemmens Cultural Center and Elgin Community College 's Visual & Performing Arts Center host dozens of performances a year by performers ranging from Chicago's Hubbard Street Dance Company to comedian Bill Maher . After losing many landmark businesses in

3196-1053: The US House of Representatives, Elgin is represented by Lauren Underwood (D), Delia Ramirez (D), and Raja Krishnamoorthi (D). Elgin includes portions of Hanover Township in Cook County and Elgin Township , Plato Township, Rutland Township, Dundee Township, and Campton Township in Kane County. Elgin Township is governed by a supervisor (Kenneth C. Bruderle), highway commissioner (Jason Krabbe), assessor (Steven P. Surnicki), clerk (Karen Dowling) and four trustees (Mark Bialek, Alejandro Lopez, Janet Rogalla and Eric Stare) elected to four-year terms. Elgin Fire Department has 133 sworn firefighters and seven fire stations. The front-line fire apparatus consists of four Advanced Life Support (ALS) fire engines, three ALS Quints, five ALS ambulances, two boats,

3264-411: The area's fertile soils and flowing springs soon filtered east. In New York, James T. Gifford and his brother Hezekiah Gifford heard tales of this area ripe for settlement, and they traveled west. Looking for a site on the stagecoach route from Chicago to Galena, Illinois , they eventually settled on a spot where the Fox River could be bridged. In April 1835, they established the city, naming it after

3332-643: The body from 2 egg yolks. The recommended intake of choline varies depending on age, sex, and physiological conditions, and is roughly 500 mg per day for adults. Lecithin is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA. There is no robust, scientifically validated clinical research investigating the safety and effectiveness of high-dose lecithin supplementation in lactating women and their infants. A meta-analysis found no evidence that high doses of lecithin improved milk flow in breast-feeding mothers or infants, though concluded that that "higher maternal choline intake

3400-406: The city was 43.42% White , 6.60% African American , 2.40% Native American , 6.48% Asian , 0.08% Pacific Islander , 24.33% from other races , and 16.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 47.44% of the population. There were 36,825 households, out of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.29% were married couples living together, 13.59% had

3468-479: The following: In 1936, a commemorative silver half dollar was issued by the United States Mint commemorating the centennial of Elgin. The coin was meant to raise money for the pioneer family memorial proposed by Elgin sculptor Trygve Rovelstad , and sold for $ 1.50. The obverse features the profile of a pioneer with the dates 1673 * 1936, while the reverse features a pioneer family; both images are based on

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3536-454: The mid-20th century, when it was the largest producer of fine watches in the United States (the factory ceased production in 1965 and was torn down in the summer of 1966) and the operator of the largest watchmaking complex in the world. Today, the clocks at Chicago's Union Station still bear the Elgin name. From 1910 until 1920, with the exception of the World War I years, the city hosted

3604-592: The most remarkable homes once belonged to National Watch Company executives. Many interesting Sears Catalog Homes arrived in Elgin as kits from 1908 to 1940. The Elgin Tower Building and the Elgin Professional Building are two large towers constructed in Elgin's heyday, before the Great Depression . The Tower Building was recently renovated, converting it to residential apartments. Predating Victorian homes were homes made of native cobblestone . It

3672-445: The opportunity to choose between four colleges and he picked Northwestern University. Elgin, Illinois Elgin ( / ˈ ɛ l dʒ ɪ n / EL -jin ) is a city in Cook and Kane counties in the U.S. state of Illinois . It is located 35 mi (56 km) northwest of Chicago along the Fox River . As of the 2020 census , the city had a population of 114,797, making it

3740-474: The performance of lecithin to make it suitable for the product to which it is added, it may be hydrolysed enzymatically. In hydrolysed lecithins, a portion of the phospholipids have one fatty acid removed by phospholipase . Such phospholipids are called lysophospholipids. The most commonly used phospholipase is phospholipase A2, which removes the fatty acid at the C2 position of glycerol. Lecithins may also be modified by

3808-646: The plant species of Trout Park, reflecting both the great variety of plants present and the interest Elginites had in conservation. In the 1960s, the Northwest Tollway bisected the site and reduced it in size. In recent years, Elgin has increased its efforts to be more environmentally sustainable . In 2017, the city introduced free curbside textile recycling to residents, and it is the first city in Illinois to do so. Additionally, Elgin encourages its residents to compost and use rain barrels , which it sometimes subsidizes for residents to purchase. The city also has

3876-418: The population in 2020. Elgin is located at 42°2′18″N 88°19′22″W  /  42.03833°N 88.32278°W  / 42.03833; -88.32278 (42.0384225, −88.3226510). According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Elgin has a total area of 38.60 square miles (99.97 km ), of which 38.03 square miles (98.50 km ) (or 98.52%) is land and 0.57 square miles (1.48 km ) (or 1.48%)

3944-547: The preserve provides an example of the hill prairies that once dotted the region. Poplar Creek Preserves connects to the 4,000-acre (1,600 ha) Spring Creek Valley Forest Preserve via a conservation easement covering parts of the Sears campus. Elgin boasts two highly protected nature preserves , the Bluff Spring Fen and Trout Park. For its size, Bluff Spring Fen has a remarkable number of distinct plant communities, including

4012-519: The second and fourth Wednesday of each month at 6:00 p.m. in the council chambers, located on the second floor of City Hall. Agenda and minutes are available on the city's website. Residents may attend in person at City Hall, watch the live video stream from the online newsroom, or view the replays on cable Channel 17. The city is represented in the Illinois legislature by Representatives Anna Moeller (D), Dan Ugaste (R), and Fred Crespo (D) and Senators Cristina Castro (D) and Don DeWitte (R). In

4080-454: The secondary butt salts. Lloyd Hall is often falsely credited with the original invention of Seifert's process. However, Hall took a leading role in developing the patent after it was sold to Griffith Laboratories, adding hygroscopic agents such as corn sugar and glycerine to inhibit caking of the powder. Most of his patents in meat curing dealt with either preventing caking of the curing composition, or remedying undesired effects caused by

4148-583: The south by the Fox River Trail bike path . Although one of the largest and fastest-growing cities in Illinois, Elgin still retains some of the natural habitat diversity that first brought settlers to this area. On the east, the city borders the 4,200-acre (1,700 ha) Poplar Creek Preserve, maintained by the Cook County Forest Preserves , which includes bike trails, hiking trails and equestrian trails. The Shoe Factory Road Prairie located in

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4216-560: Was LEED registered, and was designed to be expandable up to 30,000 square feet. Elgin opened the 185,000 sq. ft. Centre of Elgin recreation facility across the street from the library. In 2009, Gail Borden was one of five libraries to receive the National Medal for Museum and Library Service issued by the Institute of Museum and Library Services in Washington D.C. In 2014, Elgin completed

4284-411: Was 34.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 72,999, and the median income for a family was $ 82,334. Males had a median income of $ 41,402 versus $ 30,037 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 29,423. About 8.8% of families and 10.5% of the population were below

4352-518: Was believed that Elgin had at one time the largest concentration of cobblestone homes outside of Rochester, New York . Several such homes built by the earliest settlers still stand. They can be seen in Elgin's historic districts, two of which are recognized by the National Register of Historic Places . The Elgin Public Museum at Lords Park was the oldest building in Illinois built expressly as

4420-737: Was black. Hall then went to work as a chemist for the Department of Health in Chicago followed by a job as chief chemist with the John Morrell Company. During World War I , Hall served with the United States Ordnance Department where he was promoted to Chief Inspector of Powder and Explosives. In 2004, he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for his work. Following the war, Hall married Myrrhene Newsome and they moved to Chicago so he could work for

4488-835: Was first isolated in 1845 by the French chemist and pharmacist Théodore Gobley . In 1850, he named the phosphatidylcholine lécithine . Gobley originally isolated lecithin from egg yolk and established the complete chemical formula of phosphatidylcholine in 1874; in between, he demonstrated the presence of lecithin in a variety of biological materials, including venous blood , human lungs, bile , roe , and brains of humans, sheep and chicken. Lecithin can easily be extracted chemically using solvents such as hexane , ethanol , acetone , petroleum ether or benzene ; or extraction can be done mechanically. Common sources include egg yolk, marine foods, soybeans , milk, rapeseed , cottonseed , and sunflower oil . It has low solubility in water, but

4556-614: Was likely to be associated with better child neurocognition and neurodevelopment." Soy lecithin does not contain enough allergenic proteins for most people allergic to soy, although the US FDA only exempts a few soy lecithin products from its mandatory requirements for allergenic source labeling. An alternative source of lecithin, derived from sunflowers, is available as a dietary supplement for those with concerns about soy-based foods. A 2003 review of randomized trials found no benefit of lecithin in people with dementia . Soy-derived lecithin

4624-715: Was the Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad which provided frequent service into Chicago. There was also the Elgin and Belvidere Electric Company . Local bus service is provided by Pace (the Suburban bus provider of the Northeastern Illinois Regional Transportation Authority). Pace operates about a dozen bus routes in the city with service running Monday through Saturday. Most of the routes terminate at

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