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40-595: Liturgical Latinisation is the process of adoption of Latin liturgical rites by non-Latin Christian denominations , particularly within Eastern Catholic liturgy . Throughout history, liturgical Latinisation was manifested in various forms. During the Early Middle Ages , it occurred during the process of conversion of Gothic Christianity , and also during the process of reincorporation of Celtic Christianity . During
80-519: A place, denomination, or group. Rites often interact with one another, such as in liturgical Latinization , and contain subsets known as uses . There are two broad categories which ritual families fall into: Latin or Western rites associated with Western Christianity and Eastern rites associated with Eastern Christianity . The most common rite is the Roman Rite , itself a Latin liturgical rite and further subdivided into several uses. The word rite
120-679: A reduced cycle of native-language propers and hymns. The Zaire Use is an inculturated variation of the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. It has been used to a very limited extent in some African countries since the late 1970s to early 1980s. Similarly to the Zaire Use, the Vatican approved certain adaptations for Indigenous Mexican groups in 2024. This use is only for
160-785: Is a use of the Roman Rite, rather than a unique rite itself. During the Liturgy of the Eucharist, especially the Eucharistic Prayer, it is closest to other forms of the Roman Rite, while it differs more during the Liturgy of the Word and the Penitential Rite. The language used, which differs from that of the ICEL translation of the Roman Rite of Mass, is based upon the Book of Common Prayer , originally written in
200-694: Is less than total. We are Catholic in every sense." Also called "Indian Masses", a number of variations on the Roman Rite developed in the Indian missions of Canada and the United States. These originated in the 17th century, and some remained in use until the Second Vatican Council. The priest's parts remained in Latin, while the ordinaries sung by the choir were translated into the vernacular (e.g., Mohawk, Algonquin, Micmac, and Huron). They also generally featured
240-691: Is no blessing at the end of Mass. The Order of Saint Benedict has never had a rite of the Mass peculiar to it, but it keeps its very ancient Benedictine Rite of the Liturgy of the Hours . In Africa Proconsulare , located in present-day Tunisia (of which Carthage was the capital), the African Rite was used before the 7th-century Arab conquest. It was very close to the Roman Rite – so much so that Western liturgical traditions have been classified as belonging to two streams,
280-525: Is often used to describe particular Christian rituals . Rite has also come to refer to the full pattern of worship associated with a particular Christian denomination or tradition, typically comprising the liturgies for the Eucharistic celebration, canonical hours , and sacramental rites . Rites typically result from local variations and traditions, sometimes becoming further distinguished as uses of ritual families. Some ritual families originated with
320-504: The Diocese of San Cristóbal de Las Casas . The adaptations include a new "ministry of incensation," to administer incense (distinct from the thurifer ), as well the "Principal," a layperson who guides the congregation in prayer at certain moments. It was the second time after Vatican II that adaptations of the Mass have been approved. The Use of Sarum is a variant on the Roman rite originating in
360-527: The Archdiocese of Braga in northern Portugal . The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei (PCED) considers it a local Use of the Roman Rite, rather than an independent rite. The Mozarabic Rite, which was prevalent throughout Spain in Visigothic times, is now celebrated only in limited locations, principally the cathedral of Toledo . The Carthusian rite is in use in a version revised in 1981. Apart from
400-466: The Archdiocese of Milan , Italy , and in parts of some neighbouring dioceses in Italy and Switzerland. The language used is now usually Italian, rather than Latin. With some variant texts and minor differences in the order of readings, it is similar in form to the Roman Rite. Its classification as Gallican-related is disputed. The Rite of Braga is used, but since 18 November 1971 only on an optional basis, in
440-568: The Baroque period, and pews , have been adopted also in certain Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches and are today the object of controversy or have been abandoned. Latin liturgical rites Schools Relations with: Latin liturgical rites , or Western liturgical rites , is a large family of liturgical rites and uses of public worship employed by the Latin Church ,
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#1732855073910480-523: The Crusades , it was introduced to Eastern Christians . After the creation of various Eastern Catholic Churches , several forms and degrees of liturgical Latinisation were adopted by some of those Churches, in order to make their liturgical customs resembling more closely the practices of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church . This particular process continued up to the 18th and 19th centuries, until it
520-677: The Diocese of Salisbury , which had come to be widely practised in England and Scotland until its suppression during the English Reformation and replaced by the Book of Common Prayer , which was heavily influenced by it, in the then-schismatic Church of England , and its usage among the remaining Catholics was gradually supplanted by the Tridentine Mass . The Ambrosian Rite is celebrated most often in
560-670: The Dominican Rite and Carmelite Rite . The liturgical rites of the Eastern Catholic Churches are often distinct from the same rites as practiced by non-Catholic denominations, sometimes as the result of Liturgical Latinization . Within Eastern Orthodoxy , the Byzantine Rite –including the Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom and Byzantine adaption of the Liturgy of Saint Mark –is predominant, with some limited usage of
600-558: The Holy Week ceremonies and certain other aspects of the Roman Missal in 1955. The Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) was followed by a general revision of the rites of all the Roman Rite sacraments, including the Eucharist . As before, each new typical edition of a liturgical book supersedes the previous one. Thus, the 1970 Roman Missal, which superseded the 1962 edition, was superseded by
640-476: The Roman Breviary . Some Christian denominations encompass multiple ritual families. The Catholic Church utilizes the various Latin liturgical rites of the Latin Church alongside the rites that compose Eastern Catholic liturgy . The use of those liturgical rites are determined by the particular church of the celebrating clergy; other Catholic rites are associated with Catholic religious orders , such as
680-473: The 16th century. Prior to the establishment of the personal ordinariates , parishes in the United States were called "Anglican Use" and used the Book of Divine Worship , an adaptation of the Book of Common Prayer . The Book of Divine Worship has been replaced with the similar Divine Worship: The Missal for use in the ordinariates worldwide, replacing the official term "Anglican Use" with "Divine Worship". Anglican liturgical rituals, whether those used in
720-518: The Carthusian Rite (see above ). Religious orders of more recent origin have never had special rites. The following previously existing rites continue to be used on a limited basis by the permission of ecclesiastical superiors: Liturgical rite Rites ( Latin : ritus ), liturgical rites , and ritual families within Christian liturgy refer to the families of liturgies, rituals , prayers, and other practices historically connected to
760-656: The North African-Rome tradition, and the Gallican (in the broad sense) tradition encompassing the rest of the Western Roman Empire, including northern Italy. The ancient Celtic Rite was a composite of non-Roman ritual structures (possibly Antiochian ) and texts not exempt from Roman influence, that was similar to the Mozarabic Rite in many respects and would have been used at least in parts of Ireland , Scotland ,
800-655: The Pastoral Provision be transferred to the Ordinariate. Bishop Steven Lopes of the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter has requested that terms such as "Anglican Use" and "Anglican Ordinariate" be avoided, saying "Our clergy and faithful do not like being called Anglican, both because this is insensitive to actual Anglicans, and because it is a subtle way of suggesting that their entrance into full communion
840-519: The Roman Catholic Church, especially some Western Orthodox Christian communities in communion with Eastern Orthodox Churches , e.g. Celtic Orthodoxy – have attempted to breathe life into a reconstruction of the Celtic Rite, the historical accuracy of which is debated. Historical evidence of this rite is found in the remnants of the Stowe (Lorrha) Missal . The Gallican Rite is a retrospective term applied to
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#1732855073910880-597: The Roman Rite under the conditions indicated in the motu proprio Traditionis Custodes . These practices emanate from the liturgical reforms of the Council of Trent , from which the word "Tridentine" is derived. Following its description in Summorum Pontificum by Pope Benedict XVI , the ritual use of liturgical books promulgated before Vatican II is often referred to as the Extraordinary Form. The Anglican Use
920-490: The Roman Rite, most with Gallican elements, some with Byzantine liturgical and traditional elements. Some religious orders celebrated Mass according to rites of their own, dating from more than 200 years before the papal bull Quo primum . These rites were based on local usages and combined elements of the Roman and Gallican Rites. Following the Second Vatican Council , they have mostly been abandoned, except for
960-467: The Roman Rite. The Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham was set up for England and Wales on 15 January 2011; the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter for the United States and Canada on 1 January 2012; and the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross for Australia on 15 June 2012. As of 2017 it was decreed that all parishes in the United States established under
1000-468: The United States, under a Pastoral Provision in 1980, personal parishes were established that introduced adapted Anglican traditions to the Catholic Church from members' former Episcopal parishes. That provision also permitted, as an exception and on a case-by-case basis, the ordination of married former Episcopal ministers as Catholic priests. As personal parishes, these parishes were formally part of
1040-483: The aftermath of the Council of Trent , in 1568 and 1570 Pope Pius V suppressed the breviaries and missals that could not be shown to have an antiquity of at least two centuries in favor of the Roman Missal and Roman Breviary . Many local rites that remained legitimate even after this decree were abandoned voluntarily, especially in the 19th century, in favor of the Tridentine Mass and other Roman Rite rituals. In
1080-514: The centuries immediately following. Each new typical edition (the edition to which other printings are to conform) of the Roman Missal (see Tridentine Mass ) and of the other liturgical books superseded the previous one. The 20th century saw more profound changes. Pope Pius X radically rearranged the Psalter of the Breviary and altered the rubrics of the Mass. Pope Pius XII significantly revised
1120-468: The early focal points of Christianity, such as Rome ( Roman Rite ), Alexandria ( Alexandrian liturgical rites ), and Antioch ( East and West Syriac Rites ). The Roman Rite is further subdivided between the liturgies from the post- Second Vatican Council period, such as the Mass of Paul VI and Liturgy of the Hours , and the pre-conciliar liturgies, such as the Tridentine Mass and Divine Office according to
1160-465: The edition of 1975. The 2002 edition in turn supersedes the 1975 edition both in Latin and, as official translations into each language appear, also in the vernacular languages. Under the terms of Summorum Pontificum by Pope Benedict XVI , the Mass of Paul VI , which followed Vatican II, is known as the Ordinary Form of the Roman Rite. The Tridentine Mass , as in the 1962 Roman Missal, and other pre-Vatican II rites are still authorized for use within
1200-501: The largest particular church sui iuris of the Catholic Church , that originated in Europe where the Latin language once dominated. Its language is now known as Ecclesiastical Latin . The most used rite is the Roman Rite . The Latin rites were for many centuries no less numerous than the modern Eastern Catholic liturgical rites . The number of Latin rites and uses is now much reduced. In
1240-511: The local Catholic diocese , but accepted as members any former Anglican who wished to make use of the provision. On 9 November 2009, Pope Benedict XVI established a worldwide provision for Anglicans who joined the church. This process set up personal ordinariates for former Anglicans and other persons entering the full communion of the Catholic Church. These ordinariates would be similar to dioceses, but encompassing entire regions or nations. Parishes belonging to an ordinariate would not be part of
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1280-549: The local diocese. These ordinariates are charged with maintaining the Anglican liturgical, spiritual and pastoral traditions, and they have full faculties to celebrate the Eucharist and the other sacraments, the Liturgy of the Hours and other liturgical functions in accordance with the liturgical books proper to the Anglican tradition, in revisions approved by the Holy See . This faculty does not exclude liturgical celebrations according to
1320-662: The movement to return to authentic Eastern liturgical practice, theology and spirituality. Implementation has varied amongst the Eastern Catholic Churches, however, with some remaining more Latinised than the others. In a somewhat similar development, practices once associated only with the West, such as polyphonic choirs, icons in the style of the Western Renaissance , as in the Cretan School of painting, or even of
1360-559: The new elements in this revision, it is substantially the rite of Grenoble in the 12th century, with some admixture from other sources. Among other differences from the Roman Order of Mass, the deacon prepares the gifts while the Epistle is being sung, the celebrating priest washes his hands twice at the offertory and says the eucharistic prayer with arms extended in the form of a cross except when using his hands for some specific action, and there
1400-482: The northern part of England and perhaps even Wales , Cornwall and Somerset , before being authoritatively replaced by the Roman Rite in the early Middle Ages . "Celtic" is possibly a misnomer and it may owe its origins to Augustine's re-evangelisation of the British Isles in the 6th century. Little is known of it, though several texts and liturgies survive. Some Christians – typically groups not in communion with
1440-526: The ordinariates of the Catholic Church or in the various prayer books and missals of the Anglican Communion and other denominations, trace their origin back to the Sarum Use , which was a variation of the Roman Rite used in England before introduction during the reign of Edward VI of the 1549 Book of Common Prayer , following the break from the Roman church under the previous monarch Henry VIII . In
1480-454: The other sacraments have been almost completely abandoned. The Roman Rite is by far the most widely used. Like other liturgical rites , it developed over time, with newer forms replacing the older. It underwent many changes in the first millennium, during half of its existence (see Pre-Tridentine Mass ). The forms that Pope Pius V , as requested by the Council of Trent , established in the 1560s and 1570s underwent repeated minor variations in
1520-400: The second half of the 20th century, most of the religious orders that had a distinct liturgical rite chose to adopt in its place the Roman Rite as revised in accordance with the decrees of the Second Vatican Council (see Mass of Paul VI ). A few such liturgical rites persist today for the celebration of Mass, since 1965–1970 in revised forms, but the distinct liturgical rites for celebrating
1560-650: The sum of the local variants, on similar lines to that designated elsewhere as the Celtic Rite (above) and the Mozarabic Rite , which faded from use in France by the end of the first millennium. It should not be confused with the so-called Neo-Gallican liturgical books published in various French dioceses after the Council of Trent, which had little or nothing to do with it. Several local rites of limited scope existed, but are now defunct. More properly these are uses or variants of
1600-587: Was forbidden by Pope Leo XIII in 1894 with his encyclical Orientalium dignitas . Latinisation is a contentious issue in many churches and has been considered responsible for various schisms . In recent years the Eastern Catholic churches have been returning to ancient Eastern practices in accord with the Second Vatican Council 's decree Orientalium Ecclesiarum . The decree mandated that authentic Eastern Catholic practices were not to be set aside in favour of imported Latin practices. This further encouraged
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