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89-426: Between them the ships brought 90-odd new settlers along with about thirty others who were not part of the core emigrant group. Many of this emigrant contingent would serve the colony well in the coming years, while others would be judged unfit for the hardships of colony life and be sent back to England. Anne was a supply ship of about 140 tons displacement which was used in 1623, along with Little James , to deliver

178-611: A commissioner of the United Colonies of New England on multiple occasions and served twice as president. His journal Of Plymouth Plantation covered the years from 1620 to 1646 in Plymouth. William Bradford was born to Alice Hanson and William Bradford in Austerfield , West Riding of Yorkshire , and was baptized on 19 March 1590. The family possessed a large farm and were considered wealthy and influential. Bradford's grandfather

267-405: A crew of 30-40 in extremely cramped conditions. By the second month out, the ship was being buffeted by westerly gales, causing the ship's timbers to be badly shaken, with caulking failing to keep out sea water, and with passengers lying wet and ill, even in their berths. There were two deaths on the trip, a crew member and a passenger. They spotted Cape Cod hook on 9/19 November 1620, after about

356-451: A day’s sail of reaching Little James when they found that a second storm had disabled the ship in the harbor at Damariscove Island (now in Maine) where English seamen maintained a small fishing station. On the night of April 10, 1624, during another storm, the ship lost the grip of her anchors on the sea-floor once again when wind and waves forced her to crash onto rocks and topple over. And as

445-429: A great deal of trouble – and end up in an Admiralty inquiry - a gunner named William Stephens (or Stevens) and a carpenter named Thomas Fell, both of whom knew how badly the ship needed their services. After arriving at New Plymouth and seeing the shabby state of the colony and condition of the colonists – some working and others just lazing around - the crew believed that they had been fooled. At that, Stephens and Fell led

534-461: A lack of ships to carry on trade with England, and could only send fur pelts home in small quantities. Per Bradford's later recollection, 60 persons—men, women and children—were on the two ships Anne and Little James combined, although in reality the number of passengers was much more than that. There are no separate passenger lists for Anne and for Little James as those who came over on these ships were grouped together in official records when

623-490: A large contingent of new settlers to Plymouth Colony. Anne was the larger of the two ships and most of the passengers traveled in her. Anne ’s master was William Peirce, a young man of Ratcliffe, London. He was a member of the Adventurers investment group and had made many trans-Atlantic voyages. William Bradford quoted by author Charles Edward Banks gives the date of arrival of Anne at Plymouth as being July 10, 1623 with

712-554: A median income of $ 31,627 versus $ 19,800 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 21,821. About 3.3% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,755 people, 1,309 households, and 828 families residing in the town. The population density was 81.1 inhabitants per square mile (31.3/km ). There were 2,585 housing units at an average density of 76.1 per square mile (29.4/km ). The racial makeup of

801-558: A month of delays in England and two months at sea. They spent several days trying to get south to their planned destination of the Colony of Virginia , but strong winter seas forced them to return to the harbor at Cape Cod hook, now called Provincetown Harbor, where they anchored on 11/21 November 1620. The Mayflower Compact was signed that day, Bradford being one of the first to sign. Bradford had yet to assume any significant leadership role in

890-668: A reputable standing. In 1613, he married Dorothy May, the daughter of a well-off English couple living in Amsterdam. They were married in a civil service, as they could find no example of a religious service in the Scriptures. In 1617, they had their first child, named John. In 1619, William Bradford sold his house in Leiden and appears in March 1620 tax records in London being taxed for personal property at

979-762: A result of contact with English fishermen or from contact with the French to the north. Bradford wrote that bones of the dead were clearly evident in many places. When the exploring party made their way back on board, he learned of the death of his wife Dorothy. Dorothy (May) Bradford from Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, fell overboard off the deck of the Mayflower during his absence and drowned. William Bradford recorded her death in his journal. Some historians speculate that she may have died by suicide. The Mayflower arrived in Plymouth Bay on 20 December 1620. The settlers began building

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1068-720: A sloop under the command of a Captain Carr was captured by ten pirates on a 25-ton sloop (formerly owned by a Colonel Stephen Minot) in Pemaquid. The pirate sloop had come from Monhegan to the south, where on April 29, the Snow (a type of two masted vessel) Anne arrived. The Anne had originally been captured off the Virginia Capes in April by the pirate Samuel Bellamy in the Whydah , which wrecked in

1157-575: A storm on the night of April 26, 1717 off of Cape Cod. The Anne made it through the storm with another captured vessel, the Fisher (which was soon abandoned and the pirates aboard her transferred to the Anne ). The pirates arrived at Monhegan on April 29, and waited for the Whydah , for the pirates had not seen nor heard about the Whydah' s wrecking in the storm of the night of April 26. The pirates eventually realized

1246-515: A year later, in 1597, and Bradford thus became an orphan at the age of seven and was sent to live with two uncles. His uncles wanted him to help on the farm, and he later noted in his journal that he suffered at that time from a "long sickness" and was unable to work. He instead turned to reading and became familiar with the Bible and classic works of literature. This is seen by some as a key factor in his intellectual curiosity and his eventual attraction to

1335-516: Is Of Plymouth Plantation . It is a detailed history in journal form about the founding of the Plymouth Colony and the lives of the colonists from 1621 to 1646, a detailed account of his experiences and observations. The first part of the work was written in 1630; toward the end of his life, he updated it to provide "the account of the colony's struggles and achievements through the year 1646." Bradford drew deep parallels between everyday life and

1424-584: Is a town in Lincoln County , Maine , United States. The population was 2,834 at the 2020 census . A fishing and resort area , Bristol includes the villages of New Harbor , Pemaquid, Round Pond, Bristol Mills and Chamberlain. It includes the Pemaquid Archeological Site , a U.S. National Historic Landmark . During the 17th and early 18th century, New France defined the Kennebec River as

1513-545: The Bishop of London 's library at Fulham Palace . A long debate ensued as to the rightful home for the manuscript. United States Senator George Frisbie Hoar and others made multiple attempts to have it returned, and the British finally relinquished it to Massachusetts on 26 May 1897. Bradford's journal also contributed to the book Mourt's Relation , which was written in part by Edward Winslow and published in England in 1622. It

1602-531: The Duke of York (the future King James II ) claimed Pemaquid was within his patent, which also included Sagadahoc and recently acquired New Amsterdam . To help anglicize the latter into New York City , Governor Sir Edmund Andros had some of its Dutch inhabitants transported to Pemaquid, now called Jamestown for its royal owner. By 1665, the village had approximately 30 houses. During King Philip's War , in 1676 Indians attacked and burned English settlements up

1691-548: The Dutch Republic , where religious freedom was permitted, and Bradford determined to go with them. The group encountered several major setbacks when trying to leave England, most notably their betrayal by an English sea captain who had agreed to carry them to the Netherlands, but instead turned them over to the authorities. Most of the congregation were imprisoned for a short time after this failed attempt, including Bradford. By

1780-517: The Little James wreck and found she was fit for salvage. They contacted William Bradford offering to salvage the ship if the Colony would meet their bill in beaver skins. Bradford sent the furs and work began with ship’s carpenters and coopers making great water-tight barrels which were tied to Little James and with that help the ship, with rising waters, was lifted off the rocks. All hands worked to haul

1869-475: The Whydah was lost, and proceeded to attack vessels in the area, including Matinicus Island (which is where the sloop the pirates used at Pemaquid was captured from). The attack at Pemaquid was described in a deposition as follows: ...[the pirates] went after Capt. Carr's sloop, lying at Pemaquid, which they alsoe took a little distance from said Pemaquid, but finding the Mast and Bowspreat not serviceable [to repair

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1958-456: The sachem of the Pokanokets. This soon led to a visit by Massasoit himself on 22 March, during which he signed a treaty with John Carver , Governor of Plymouth, which declared an alliance between the Pokanokets and Plymouth, requiring them to aid one another militarily in times of need. Bradford recorded the language of the brief treaty in his journal. He soon became governor and the clause of

2047-422: The 1623 division of land was made for them. But author Charles Banks did identify at least four men, three with families, who were passengers in Little James . Banks goes on to state that it is possible that Little James had more passengers, but due to her size could not accommodate many. William Bradford (Plymouth Colony governor) William Bradford ( c. 19 March 1590 – 9 May 1657)

2136-553: The Church of England. By 1607, secret meetings were being held at Scrooby Manor and about 50 reform-minded individuals began to worship together, led by Richard Clyfton and the Rev. John Robinson . This group decided that reform of the Church of England was hopeless and they would sever all ties. Their weekly meetings eventually attracted the attention of the Archbishop of York , and many members of

2225-403: The Colony had debts in the amount of thirteen hundred pounds, and to settle these debts, they needed to ship three thousand beaver pelts to England, this quantity being too far beyond their ability to collect. But the Colony did arrange for Little James to transport about five hundred beaver furs back to England to assist in paying their debts. But in the continuing ill-fortune for Little James ,

2314-640: The Duke's Place, Aldgate . Aldgate was an area of London known to be the residence of numerous Dutch merchants, as well as many religious dissenters. Some familiar Mayflower names of families living in the area included Allerton , Tilley , Sampson , and Hopkins . One family in Aldgate played an important part in Bradford's life in America. Edward and Alice (Carpenter) Southworth and their two sons were residing at Heneage House,

2403-590: The Duke's Place, in Aldgate in 1620. Southworth was a highly respected leader of the Leiden group, but he died in 1621/22. His widow Alice emigrated to Plymouth Colony after Bradford's wife died, and they were married. By 1617, the Scrooby congregation began to plan the establishment of their own colony in the Americas. The Separatists could practice religion as they pleased in the Dutch Republic, but they were troubled by

2492-499: The Dutch Republic. After nine months, the group chose to relocate to the smaller city of Leiden . Bradford continued to reside with the Brewster family in a poor Leiden neighborhood known as Stink Alley. Conditions changed dramatically for him when he turned 21 and was able to claim his family inheritance in 1611. He bought his own house, set up a workshop as a fustian weaver (weaver of heavy cotton cloth for men's clothing), and earned

2581-550: The Form of Annals. Even today it is considered a valuable piece of American literature, included in anthologies and studied in literature and history classes. It has been called an American classic and the preeminent work of art in seventeenth-century New England." The Of Plymouth Plantation manuscript disappeared by 1780, "presumably stolen by a British soldier during the British occupation of Boston "; it reappeared in Fulham , London, in

2670-791: The Merchant Adventurers. By July 1620, Robert Cushman and John Carver had made the necessary arrangements, and approximately fifty Separatists departed Delftshaven on board the Speedwell . It was an emotional departure. Many families were split, as some Separatists stayed behind in the Netherlands , planning to make the voyage to the New World after the colony had been established. William and Dorothy Bradford left their three-year-old son John with Dorothy's parents in Amsterdam , possibly because he

2759-516: The Netherlands (itself an allusion to Hebrews 11:13 in the Bible): ...With mutual embraces and many tears, they took their leaves of one another, which proved to be the last leave to many of them...but they knew they were pilgrims and looked not much on those things, but lifted their eyes to heaven, their dearest country and quieted their spirits... The Mayflower departed Plymouth , England on 6/16 September 1620. The 100-foot ship had 102 passengers and

The ships Anne and Little James - Misplaced Pages Continue

2848-461: The Scrooby congregation were about 50 colonists who had been recruited by the Merchant Adventurers for their vocational skills, which would prove useful in establishing a colony. These passengers of the Mayflower , both Separatist and non-Separatist, are commonly referred to today as "Pilgrims." The term is derived from a passage in Bradford's journal, written years later, describing their departure from

2937-678: The Separatist branch of Puritan theology. When Bradford was 12 years old, a friend invited him to hear the Rev. Richard Clyfton preach 10 miles away in All Saints' Church, Babworth in Nottinghamshire . Clyfton believed that the Church of England ought to eliminate all vestiges of Roman Catholic practices, and that this would result in a purer Christian church. Bradford was inspired by his preaching and continued to attend his sermons, even though he

3026-628: The West Indies. But the crew was disappointed to find that under the law of the sea, prizes could only be taken if the ship had letters of marque issued by the Crown, and Little James had none. And en route from England to Plymouth, Captain Altham refused to capture a French ship sailing home to New Rochelle in France which caused his crew much vexation. On board Little James were two crewmen who would go on to cause

3115-582: The actual sailing of the ship, Little James had a master mariner, John Bridges. Her primary purpose on the voyage to New Plymouth was to carry company cargo but she did have about fifteen known passengers. In later years Bradford wrote about the little ship that “I fear the adventurers did over-pride themselves in her..for she had ill success.” When the crew of Little James signed on for the voyage, they agreed to spend six years in Plymouth Colony, but as shareholders instead of wage earners. What they expected

3204-567: The area was granted as the Pemaquid Patent by the Plymouth Council to Robert Aldsworth and Gyles Elbridge, merchants from Bristol , England . A village and palisade fort were constructed. In 1632, Pemaquid was raided and plundered by the pirate Dixie Bull . The Great Colonial Hurricane on August 15, 1635 sank the galleon Angel Gabriel while it was anchored off the settlement, drowning some crew and passengers. In 1664,

3293-504: The builder’s yard. Per Bradford: “a fine new vessel of about 44. tunne, which the Company had built to stay in the Countrie.” She was a small ship with about ¼ the tonnage of Anne and had a total crew of probably not more than fifteen men. Her captain was an Adventurer named Emmanuel Altham, a young man of age 23 of English landed gentry from Essexshire and a novice at the business of sailing. For

3382-461: The burials. During the epidemic, there were only a small number of men who remained healthy and bore the responsibility of caring for the sick. One of these was Captain Myles Standish , a soldier who had been hired by the settlers to coordinate the defense of the colony. Standish cared for Bradford during his illness and this was the beginning of a bond of friendship between the two men. Bradford

3471-673: The cargo never reached its intended English port. Somewhere in the English Channel, almost within sight of the English coast, Little James was captured by pirates with all her cargo taken and with the valuable beaver pelts being sold cheaply for four pence each in the North African Barbary pirate bazaars of Algiers or Tunis. Little James , which was built by the Adventurers to remain in New England, could have been of great assistance to

3560-509: The case of Stephens and Fell vs. Little James . The following is an extract of some of Johnson’s article, including depositions by Edward Winslow. Surviving depositions were made to the Court by: 1. Edward Winslow, Mayflower passenger and occasional Plymouth Colony governor. 2. William Peirce, master of Anne that came to Plymouth in 1623. 3. Benedict Morgan, one of the passengers on Fortune that came to Plymouth in 1621. 4. Robert Cushman, one of

3649-567: The coast, including Pemaquid. The following year, a new wooden defense called Fort Charles was built. During King William's War —the first of four French and Indian Wars —Fort Charles and the village were attacked and destroyed in 1689 by the French from Castine, Maine . The inhabitants of Pemaquid were either killed or taken prisoner. By 1692, the English regained control of the region, and Sir William Phipps ordered construction of Fort William Henry , named after King William III of England . This time built of stone. On August 14–15, 1696,

The ships Anne and Little James - Misplaced Pages Continue

3738-547: The colonists in matters of trade and fishing, but seemed to have endless ill fortune (see the following for the fate of her captain) which included lack of support by the investors, a mutinous crew, a shipwreck, seizure by the Admiralty Court and creditors in England and finally capture by Barbary pirates. The loss of the ship was something that hurt the Pilgrims greatly, as their harvest had prospered but their trade had not, due to

3827-460: The colony by the time that he was 30. The Mayflower anchored in Provincetown Harbor and he volunteered to be a member of the exploration parties searching for a place for settlement. In November and December, these parties made three separate ventures from the Mayflower on foot and by boat, finally locating Plymouth Harbor in mid-December and selecting that site for settlement. During

3916-418: The colony's first house on 25 December (Christmas). Their efforts were slowed, however, when a widespread sickness struck the settlers. The sickness had begun on the ship. On 11 January 1621, Bradford was helping to build houses when he was suddenly struck with great pain in his hipbone and collapsed. He was taken to the "common house" (the only finished house built then) and it was feared that he would not last

4005-464: The congregation were arrested in 1607. Brewster was found guilty of being "disobedient in matters of religion" and was fined. Some members were imprisoned and others were watched "night and day", according to Bradford, by those loyal to the archbishop. Adding to their concerns, the Scrooby congregation learned that other dissenters in London had been imprisoned and left to starve. The Scrooby congregation decided in 1607 to leave England unlawfully for

4094-433: The crew to go on strike in a demand for an interim payment of cash. William Bradford managed to calm them down, but only after he offered to personally pay them himself. Working on the coast of New England, Little James had two major problems – first, the investment company (Adventurers) had neglected to provide the ship with any trade goods, making it close to impossible to obtain any prime furs to ship to England. Second –

4183-477: The ensuing days, they explored the bay and found a suitable place for settlement, now the site of downtown Plymouth, Massachusetts. The location featured a prominent hill ideal for a defensive fort. There were numerous brooks providing fresh water, and it had been the location of an Indian village known as Patuxet ; therefore, much of the area had already been cleared for planting crops. The Patuxet tribe had been wiped out by plagues between 1616 and 1619, possibly as

4272-691: The events of the Bible . As Philip Gould writes, "Bradford hoped to demonstrate the workings of divine providence for the edification of future generations." In 1888, Charles F. Richardson referred to Bradford as a "forerunner of literature" and "a story-teller of considerable power." Moses Coit Tyler called him "the father of American history." Many American authors have cited his work in their writings; for example, Cotton Mather referred to it in Magnalia Christi Americana and Thomas Prince referred to it in A Chronological History of New-England in

4361-489: The fact that their children were being influenced by Dutch customs and language, after nearly ten years in the Netherlands . Therefore, they commenced three years of difficult negotiations in England seeking permission to settle in the northern parts of the Colony of Virginia (which then extended north to the Hudson River ). The colonists also struggled to negotiate terms with a group of financial backers in London known as

4450-465: The famous Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville captured and destroyed the fort along with a combined force of French and Indians from present-day Castine . Commander of the fort, Captain Pascoe Chubb surrendered the fort. Iberville killed three of the soldiers and sent the other ninety-two back to Boston. In response to this raid Benjamin Church was sent from Boston to attack Acadia . In early May 1717,

4539-405: The fields on a hot day. He died a few days later. The settlers of Plymouth then chose Bradford as the new governor, a position which he retained off and on for the rest of his life. The elected leadership of Plymouth Colony at first consisted of a governor and an assistant governor. The assistant governor for the first three years of the colony's history was Isaac Allerton . In 1624, the structure

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4628-420: The first expedition on foot, Bradford got caught in a deer trap made by Indians and hauled nearly upside down. The third exploration departed from the Mayflower on 6 December 1620 when a group of men (including Bradford) located Plymouth Bay. A winter storm nearly sank their boat as they approached the bay, but they managed to land on Clark's Island , suffering from severe exposure to the cold and waves. During

4717-587: The home port of the Pemaquid Patent proprietors. During the War of 1812 , the waters off Pemaquid Point saw the capture of HMS Boxer by the USS Enterprise on September 5, 1813. The town would set off land to create Nobleboro in 1788, Bremen in 1828, Damariscotta in 1848 and South Bristol in 1915. Today, Bristol is a popular tourist destination. According to the United States Census Bureau ,

4806-443: The leading members of the Leiden delegation. 5. James Sherley, one of many investors in the company and later treasurer. Author Johnson reprinted in his March 2011 The Mayflower Quarterly article two depositions by Edward Winslow – although the charges to which Winslow had nothing to depose are not stated here – only those of which Winslow had knowledge: First deposition by Edward Winslow dated 17 November 1624, which states that he

4895-508: The neighbors thereabouts” did wish all ship crew members “disperse themselves into the Country and work for their passage” and some did disperse themselves “and others stayed by her and labored in the recovery of her.” By the trading season of 1625 Little James was again sailing the Atlantic in support of Plymouth Colony, investors having sent her and another ship over to fish for cod. At that time,

4984-434: The night. Bradford recovered, but many of the other settlers were not so fortunate. During the months of February and March 1621, sometimes two or three people died a day. By the end of the winter, half of the 100 settlers had died. In an attempt to hide their weakness from Native Americans who might be watching them, the settlers buried their dead in unmarked graves on Cole's Hill, often at night, and made efforts to conceal

5073-527: The pinnace Little James arrival being, per Bradford “..about a week or so after came in the pinnass (sic).” Author Caleb Johnson reports Little James arrived in Plymouth on August 5, 1623. Soon after arrival, the crew of Anne went to work loading cargo of whatever timber and beaver skins could be provided as cargo and sailed straight back across the Atlantic to home. Little James was a pinnace (small ship with sails or oars) of forty-four tons displacement, and for her voyage to America she had come new from

5162-401: The purposes that Little James was brought over. She sailed around Cape Cod seeking Indian trade relations, and as far as modern Rhode Island , but Altham lacked the quality trade goods that the natives wanted in exchange for furs. Nor could he compete with the very active Dutch traders, who could pay the natives a better price. As Little James arrived back from Rhode Island, the weather

5251-469: The river of Thames in very disordered and evil manner.” They also promptly sued the investor group and Plymouth Colony for forty pounds, in the form of wages that William Bradford had promised and apparently not paid. The monies they demanded amounted to 4–6 years of wages they should have received, notwithstanding the fact that they had mutinied and refused to help the ship and other crew when they were most needed. Lawsuits over Little James began as soon as

5340-426: The ship and its crew back to England. The wreck had been a tragedy not only for the ship but also for her captain. In the wreck, the ship had lost her four small boats, very important for doing coastal trading business as well as her salt, codfish and all her supplies and trading goods. Captain Altham lost all his precious books and most of his belongings. When the ship did reach London, Fell and Stephens left it “in

5429-470: The ship arrived back in England. The High Court of Admiralty, which had jurisdiction over maritime matters, took custody of the ship and all her goods and furnishings pending the outcome of these lawsuits. Two of the larger investors in the Pilgrim’s joint-stock company, Thomas Fletcher and Thomas Goffe, had invested most of the money involved in building and outfitting Little James , and now wanted possession of

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5518-406: The ship as payment for that debt. This in addition to crewmen Stephens and Fell wanting their back wages. Noted Mayflower author Caleb Johnson, writing in the March 2011 issue of The Mayflower Quarterly , provided information from extensive research of English records over the Little James affair. Johnson states that a number of depositions and other High Court Admiralty records have survived in

5607-450: The ship sunk all the ship’s victuals (food stores) perished, but of the crew that did not forsake the ship and “all that would stick to her in distress” were relieved when necessary victuals were provided by neighbor fishermen with payment to be made by the Company which was cleared by the Captain and this respondent (Winslow). Lastly, he deposed that he heard that when the ship was sunk “some of

5696-402: The ship to a secure location where craftsmen made repairs at great expense to the Company. Within six weeks of the shipwreck, Little James was ready for sea again. But by this time the investors had become thoroughly frustrated by the misadventures of Little James which became quite costly to repair instead of making a good profit as was intended. At this point William Bradford decided to send

5785-440: The ship was “rudely manned” by a crew that was not happy with their financial situation of being paid in company shares in lieu of true wages. The Merchant Adventurers who had sent out Little James had hoped to have their expenses reimbursed with a trade in furs above all else, as furs were the only worthy item of profit. But as things turned out, the search for skins was totally futile. By late 1623 things were not going well for

5874-451: The ship went over, two large holes were opened in her structure, drowning master John Bridges in the wreck and killing two crewmen, John Vow and Peter Morrett when their escape boat capsized and was struck by Little James falling mainyard. Again Stephens and Fell mutinied and refused to help save the ship. Fortunately the masters of several ships in-port at Damariscove were available to inspect

5963-561: The snow] they left her there, and brought the Master thereof aboard the Snow then at Menhagen [Monhegan]... The pirates soon left the area, abandoning all the other vessels (including the Anne ) they had captured and most of their prisoners at Matinicus on or about May 9, 1717 on Minot's sloop. During Father Rale's War , the location was a rendezvous for Natives and French to return inhabitants of Pemaquid and vicinity that they had taken prisoner during

6052-608: The southern boundary of Acadia, which put Bristol within Acadia. Once territory of the Wawenock (or Walinakiak, meaning "People of the Bay") Abenaki Indians , early Bristol was one of the most important and embattled frontier settlements in the province. Beginning with seasonal fishing, as early as 1625 the English established at Pemaquid Point a year-round trading post for fur trading . In 1631,

6141-461: The spring of 1624, Altham took Little James east to Maine with a sullen, hungry and mutinous crew. While anchored at Pemaquid on a fishing and trading expedition, the crew mutinied and threatened Altham and master Bridges with the destruction of the ship. The crew forced Altham to go back to New Plymouth by small boat to find food. With the help of senior Pilgrim Edward Winslow , Altham rushed back to Pemaquid with some bread and peas, and were within

6230-471: The summer of 1608, however, they managed to escape England in small groups and relocate to Leiden in the Dutch Republic. Bradford was 18. Bradford arrived in Amsterdam in August 1608. He had no family with him and was taken in by the Brewster household. The Scrooby congregation had to work the lowest of jobs and to live in poor conditions, being foreigners and having spent most of their money in attempts to get to

6319-469: The town dismantled the fort to prevent it from becoming a British stronghold during the Revolutionary War . The state acquired the site in 1902, and in 1908 rebuilt the tower of Fort William Henry under guidance of historian John Henry Cartland, using many original stones. In 1993, the site was designated a National Historic Landmark . On June 21, 1765, the town was incorporated as Bristol, named after

6408-577: The town has a total area of 78.23 square miles (202.61 km ), of which 33.99 square miles (88.03 km ) is land and 44.24 square miles (114.58 km ) is water. Bristol is situated on the Pemaquid Peninsula, which extends into the Gulf of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean . As of 2000 the median income for a household in the town was $ 38,400, and the median income for a family was $ 45,184. Males had

6497-554: The town was 98.4% White , 0.1% African American , 0.2% Native American , 0.4% Asian , and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.5% of the population. There were 1,309 households, of which 18.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.7% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17% had someone living alone who

6586-640: The treaty that occupied much of his attention as governor pertained to mutual aid. It read, "If any did unjustly war against [Massasoit], we would aid him; if any did war against us, Massasoit should aid us." This agreement secured the colonists with a faithful ally in New England , though it resulted in tensions between the colonists and Massasoit's rivals, such as the Narragansetts and the Massachusetts . In April 1621, Governor Carver collapsed while working in

6675-423: The two men did not help during the wreck at Pemmaquid which included loss of the ship’s equipment and stores worth about four or five hundred pounds. He also was deposed about the loss of four shallops (small boats) and another boat lost at another time and negligence of her crew. He also noted an instance of rowdy behavior by Stevens in Plymouth. In the second deposition by Edward Winslow (undated) he stated that he

6764-551: The war. Colonel David Dunbar, Surveyor-General of the King's Woods, rebuilt the fort in 1729–1730, renaming it Fort Frederick . He renamed the town Harrington after the Earl of Harrington , who had helped arrange the 1729 Treaty of Seville . During King George's War , Fort Frederick withstood two attacks in 1747, but in 1759 was decommissioned at the end of the French and Indian Wars . In 1775,

6853-499: The wind changed and she could enter the harbor. The company was forced to provide Little James with a new mast, and refit her with anchors and rigging. Plymouth Harbor is where the ship spent the rest of the winter of 1623, in freezing weather with the crew existing on short rations, apart from some wildfowl and with only cold water to drink, when alcohol was the drink of choice at the time. During that long bitter winter of 1623-1624 discipline on Little James collapsed completely. In

6942-497: Was Edward Winslow of Plymouth in New England, yeoman, aged thirty years or thereabouts. He confirmed that when the Little James arrived in New England, Edmund (sic) Altham was captain and John Bridges master of her and upon arrival in Plymouth the captain and master of the Little James complained about troublesome crewmen Stevens (Stephens) and Fell. This also concerned Stephens and Fells wage complaint, with Winslow deposing knowledge of their dispute over wages. Also that he heard that

7031-485: Was William Bradforthe, who had at least four children, including Bradford's father, and was probably of noble ancestry, according to researcher George J. Hill. Bradford's childhood was marked by numerous deaths in the family. He was just over a year old when his father died. His mother remarried when he was four years old, and he was sent to live with his grandfather. His grandfather died two years later, and he returned to live with his mother and stepfather. His mother died

7120-410: Was an Adventurer investing the amount of “three score pounds in the plantation” .. “and hath been an Adventurer therein since the beginning of it.“ He also confirmed that when the Little James arrived at New England, Stevens was gunner and Fell was the carpenter. Additionally, he confirmed there was a dispute by Stevens and Fell over wages but the sum of the wages he knew not. He also confirmed that when

7209-718: Was an English Puritan Separatist originally from the West Riding of Yorkshire in Northern England . He moved to Leiden in Holland in order to escape persecution from King James I of England , and then emigrated to the Plymouth Colony on the Mayflower in 1620. He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact and went on to serve as Governor of the Plymouth Colony intermittently for about 30 years between 1621 and 1657. He served as

7298-467: Was buried on Burial Hill in Plymouth, where a cenotaph was erected in his memory. The estate inventory was taken on May 22, 1657. Bradford was the focal point of the American Experience episode "The Pilgrims". He was played by Roger Rees . Pemaquid, Maine Bristol , known from 1632 to 1765 as Pemaquid ( / ˈ p ɛ m ə k w ɪ d / ; today a village within the town),

7387-423: Was calm, so her master anchored the ship at the entrance to Plymouth harbor. But a gale quickly arose and the ship lost the grip of her anchors. The ship was headed toward a dangerous sand bank known as Brown’s Bank when the crew chopped through the mainmast and cut away rigging, thereby saving it. With her mast and tackle gone, the ship anchored again (Johnson reports anchors were lost), with the anchors holding until

7476-496: Was changed to a governor and five assistants who were referred to as the "court of assistants," "magistrates," or the "governor's council." These men advised the governor and had the right to vote on important matters of governance, helping Bradford in guiding the growth of the colony and its improvised government. Assistants during the early years of the colony included Thomas Prence , Stephen Hopkins , John Alden , and John Howland . William Bradford's most well-known work by far

7565-541: Was elected governor soon after Carver's death and, in that capacity, he worked closely with Standish. Bradford had no military experience and therefore came to rely on and trust the advice of Captain Myles Standish concerning military matters. On 16 March, the settlers had their first meeting with the American Indians in the region when Samoset walked into the village of Plymouth as a representative of Massasoit ,

7654-493: Was forbidden by his uncles. During one meeting, Bradford met William Brewster , a bailiff and postmaster who lived at Scrooby manor, four miles from Austerfield. During frequent visits, Bradford borrowed books from him, and Brewster regaled him with stories of the efforts toward church reform taking place throughout England. King James I came to the English throne in 1603, declaring that he would put an end to church reform movements and deal harshly with radical critics of

7743-455: Was intended to inform Europeans about the conditions surrounding the American colonists at the Plymouth Colony. Bradford's Dialogues are a collection of fictional conversations between the old and new generations, between "younge men" and "Ancient men". William Bradford married: Child of William and Dorothy Bradford: Children of William and Alice Bradford: Bradford died on May 9, 1657 and

7832-464: Was to make money by receiving a share of the ship’s profits from fishing and trading, with the ship’s investors paying for the crew’s food, drink and clothing. The armament of Little James was six small cannons with a bore of two inches which could fire a ball of a few pounds in weight. Her men had six muskets. And because the ship was armed, the crew believed they had a chance to take prize ships of enemy nations such as France or Spain as far south as

7921-487: Was too frail to make the voyage. According to the arrangements made by Carver and Cushman, the Speedwell was to meet with the Mayflower off the coast of England and both were destined for the northern part of the Colony of Virginia . The Speedwell , however, proved to be not structurally sound enough to make the voyage, and some of the passengers were transferred aboard the Mayflower , making crowded conditions. Joining

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