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18-581: Erythroniaceae Martynov Fritillariaceae R.A.Salisbury Liriaceae Batsch Medeolaceae Takhtajan Tulipaceae Batsch The Lilioideae are a subfamily of monocotyledonous perennial , herbaceous mainly bulbous flowering plants in the lily family , Liliaceae . They are found predominantly in the temperate and colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere , particularly East Asia and North America . The subfamily includes two tribes . They are of economic importance, particularly

36-571: A broad ( sensu lato , or s.l.) and narrow ( sensu stricto , or s.s. ) sense. Tamura , and others have defined Lilioideae s.s. (or sensu Tamura) to include only the tribes Tulipeae and Lilieae. However other authorities including the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (APWeb) define Lilioideae s.l. to also include the Medeoleae (while subsuming the Tulipae into Lilieae). In the s.s. usage,

54-630: Is a subdivision of the family Fabaceae (legumes), containing 84 genera. Stevardiinae is an example of a zoological subfamily. Stevardiinae is a large subdivision of the family Characidae , a diverse clade of freshwater fish . This biology article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Characidae Aphyocharacinae Aphyoditeinae Bryconinae Characinae Cheirodontinae Gymnocharacinae Heterocharacinae Iguanodectinae Pristellinae Rhoadsiinae Salmininae Stethaprioninae Stevardiinae Tetragonopterinae and see text Characidae ,

72-517: Is of the Fritillaria-type ( tetrasporic ). Capsule septicidal, seeds often flattened, exotesta palisaded or lignified . The seeds of Medeoleae are striate. Chromosome number may be 7 (Medeoleae), 9, or 11–14, with a highly variable length (2.2 - 27 μm). The term was introduced by Amos Eaton in his Botanical Dictionary in 1836. Engler and Prantl included it as one of the eleven subfamilies of Liliaceae. In 1927, Buxbaum 's treatment of

90-633: The Ostariophysi – fishes possessing a Weberian apparatus – has yet to be settled conclusively. Until that phylogeny is settled, the opportunity for yet more upheavals within the taxonomy of the characoid fishes is considerable. The subfamilies and tribes currently recognized by most if not all authors, and their respective genera, are: Subfamily Spintherobolus clade Subfamily Stethaprioninae Subfamily Stevardiinae Subfamily Characinae Subfamily Pristellinae The Chalceidae , Iguanodectidae , Bryconidae and Heterocharacinae are

108-483: The Tetragonopterinae , which had become something of a " wastebin taxon " – are poorly known, a comprehensive phylogenetic study for the entire family is needed. The genera Hyphessobrycon , Astyanax , Hemigrammus , Moenkhausia , and Bryconamericus include the largest number of currently recognized species among characid fishes that are in need of revision; Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon in

126-421: The blind cave tetra , for example, inhabits flooded caves . Spintherobolus clade Stethaprioninae Stevardiinae Aphyocharacini Cheirodontini Compsurini Exodontini Tetragonopterini Characini This family has undergone a large amount of systematic and taxonomic change. More recent revision has moved many former members of the family into their own related but distinct families –

144-426: The characids or characins , is a family of freshwater subtropical and tropical fish belonging to the order Characiformes . The name "characins" is a historical one, but scientists today tend to prefer "characids" to reflect their status as a, by and large, monophyletic group (at family rank). To arrive there, this family has undergone much systematic and taxonomic change. Among those fishes remaining in

162-441: The lilies and tulips . Lilioideae genera are relatively homogeneous and distinct from the other two Liliaceae subfamilies ( Calochortoideae and Streptopoideae ). They are perennial herbaceous flowering plants that are mainly bulbous (Lilieae) with contractile roots , but may be rhizomatous (Medeoleae). Stems unbranched, leaves with parallel venation. Flowers are large and showy. The embryo sac ( megagametophyte )

180-581: The pencilfishes of the genus Nannostomus are a typical example, having now been moved into the Lebiasinidae , the assorted predatory species belonging to Hoplias and Hoplerythrinus have now been moved into the Erythrinidae , and the sabre-toothed fishes of the genus Hydrolycus have been moved into the Cynodontidae . The former subfamily Alestiinae was promoted to family level ( Alestiidae ) and

198-469: The Characidae currently are the tetras , comprising the very similar genera Hemigrammus and Hyphessobrycon , as well as a few related forms, such as the cave and neon tetras. Fish of this family are important as food in several regions, and also constitute a large percentage of captive freshwater aquarium fish species. These fish vary in length; many are less than 3 cm (1.2 in). One of

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216-475: The Characidae, but various revisions place them in their own related family, the Serrasalmidae . This reassignment has yet to enjoy universal acceptance, but is gaining in popularity among taxonomists working with these fishes. Given the current state of flux of the Characidae, a number of other changes will doubtless take place, reassigning once-familiar species to other families. Indeed, the entire phylogeny of

234-526: The Medeoleae are treated as a separate subfamily, the Medeoloideae. The subfamily Lilioideae includes ten genera and about 535 species . The largest genera are Gagea (200), Fritillaria (130), Lilium (110), and Tulipa (75 species). This Liliales article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Subfamily Detarioideae is an example of a botanical subfamily. Detarioideae

252-494: The most recent clades to be removed in order to maintain a monophyletic Characidae. Subfamily Iguanodectinae moved to Iguanodectidae Subfamily Heterocharacinae moved to Acestrorhynchidae Subfamily Bryconinae moved to Bryconidae Subfamily Salmininae moved to Bryconidae Genera incertae sedis A large number of taxa in this family are incertae sedis . The relationships of many fish in this family – in particular species traditionally placed in

270-521: The smallest species, Hyphessobrycon roseus , grows to a maximum length of 1.9 cm. These fish inhabit a wide range and variety of habitats. New World fishes, they originate in the Americas , ranging from southwestern Texas and México through most of Central and South America , including such major waterways as the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers. Many of these fish come from rivers and tributaries, while

288-595: The subfamilies Crenuchinae and Characidiinae were moved to the family Crenuchidae . Other fish families that were formerly classified as members of the Characidae, but which were moved into separate families of their own during recent taxonomic revisions (after 1994) include Acestrorhynchidae , Anostomidae , Chilodontidae , Citharinidae , Ctenoluciidae , Curimatidae , Distichodontidae , Gasteropelecidae , Hemiodontidae , Hepsetidae , Parodontidae , Prochilodontidae , Serrasalmidae , and Triportheidae . The larger piranhas were originally classified as belonging to

306-480: The subfamily included three tribes ; Lloydieae ( Gagea , Lloydia and Szechenya and Giradiella — both now included in Lloydia ), Tulipeae : ( Erythronium , Tulipa and Eduardoregalia — now part of Tulipa ) and Lilieae ( Korolkowia , Fritillaria , Notholirion , Cardiocrinum , Nomocharis and Lilium ). In the phylogenetic era, the subfamily Lilioideae has been circumscribed in both

324-405: The usual delimitation are among the largest genera in this family. These genera were originally proposed between 1854 and 1908 and are still more or less defined as by Carl H. Eigenmann in 1917, though diverse species have been added to each genus since that time. The anatomical diversity within each genus, the fact that each of these generic groups at the present time cannot be well-defined, and

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