25-442: Aphyocharacinae Aphyoditeinae Bryconinae Characinae Cheirodontinae Gymnocharacinae Heterocharacinae Iguanodectinae Pristellinae Rhoadsiinae Salmininae Stethaprioninae Stevardiinae Tetragonopterinae and see text Characidae , the characids or characins , is a family of freshwater subtropical and tropical fish belonging to the order Characiformes . The name "characins"
50-518: A large amount of systematic and taxonomic change. More recent revision has moved many former members of the family into their own related but distinct families – the pencilfishes of the genus Nannostomus are a typical example, having now been moved into the Lebiasinidae , the assorted predatory species belonging to Hoplias and Hoplerythrinus have now been moved into the Erythrinidae , and
75-475: Is a historical one, but scientists today tend to prefer "characids" to reflect their status as a, by and large, monophyletic group (at family rank). To arrive there, this family has undergone much systematic and taxonomic change. Among those fishes remaining in the Characidae currently are the tetras , comprising the very similar genera Hemigrammus and Hyphessobrycon , as well as a few related forms, such as
100-782: Is in the Orinoco and Amazon basins . These fish have elongated pike -like bodies and large conical teeth, adapted for predation on other types of fish. They are sometimes referred to as freshwater barracudas in the aquarium trade, although the name is used of other characins, as well. They range from 35 to 400 mm (1.5 in to 1 ft 3.5 in) in length. Common names are cachorinho, cachorro, mopiye, payala, pejezorro, pez cachorro, pez zorro , pike characin, moinge, halatawéi, halataway, dagu fisi, ueua, wayabra, zadoe, freshwater barracuda, saicanga, branca, cajaba, cachorra magra, cadelinha and dentudo . There are currently 14 valid species: This Characiformes -related article
125-592: The Americas , ranging from southwestern Texas and México through most of Central and South America , including such major waterways as the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers. Many of these fish come from rivers and tributaries, while the blind cave tetra , for example, inhabits flooded caves . Spintherobolus clade Stethaprioninae Stevardiinae Aphyocharacini Cheirodontini Compsurini Exodontini Tetragonopterini Characini This family has undergone
150-633: The Ostariophysi – fishes possessing a Weberian apparatus – has yet to be settled conclusively. Until that phylogeny is settled, the opportunity for yet more upheavals within the taxonomy of the characoid fishes is considerable. The subfamilies and tribes currently recognized by most if not all authors, and their respective genera, are: Subfamily Spintherobolus clade Subfamily Stethaprioninae Subfamily Stevardiinae Subfamily Characinae Subfamily Pristellinae The Chalceidae , Iguanodectidae , Bryconidae and Heterocharacinae are
175-577: The Ostariophysi – fishes possessing a Weberian apparatus – has yet to be settled conclusively. Until that phylogeny is settled, the opportunity for yet more upheavals within the taxonomy of the characoid fishes is considerable. The subfamilies and tribes currently recognized by most if not all authors, and their respective genera, are: Subfamily Spintherobolus clade Subfamily Stethaprioninae Subfamily Stevardiinae Subfamily Characinae Subfamily Pristellinae The Chalceidae , Iguanodectidae , Bryconidae and Heterocharacinae are
200-483: The Tetragonopterinae , which had become something of a " wastebin taxon " – are poorly known, a comprehensive phylogenetic study for the entire family is needed. The genera Hyphessobrycon , Astyanax , Hemigrammus , Moenkhausia , and Bryconamericus include the largest number of currently recognized species among characid fishes that are in need of revision; Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon in
225-421: The Tetragonopterinae , which had become something of a " wastebin taxon " – are poorly known, a comprehensive phylogenetic study for the entire family is needed. The genera Hyphessobrycon , Astyanax , Hemigrammus , Moenkhausia , and Bryconamericus include the largest number of currently recognized species among characid fishes that are in need of revision; Astyanax and Hyphessobrycon in
250-421: The blind cave tetra , for example, inhabits flooded caves . Spintherobolus clade Stethaprioninae Stevardiinae Aphyocharacini Cheirodontini Compsurini Exodontini Tetragonopterini Characini This family has undergone a large amount of systematic and taxonomic change. More recent revision has moved many former members of the family into their own related but distinct families –
275-441: The cave and neon tetras. Fish of this family are important as food in several regions, and also constitute a large percentage of captive freshwater aquarium fish species. These fish vary in length; many are less than 3 cm (1.2 in). One of the smallest species, Hyphessobrycon roseus , grows to a maximum length of 1.9 cm. These fish inhabit a wide range and variety of habitats. New World fishes, they originate in
SECTION 10
#1732851678889300-426: The characids or characins , is a family of freshwater subtropical and tropical fish belonging to the order Characiformes . The name "characins" is a historical one, but scientists today tend to prefer "characids" to reflect their status as a, by and large, monophyletic group (at family rank). To arrive there, this family has undergone much systematic and taxonomic change. Among those fishes remaining in
325-473: The pencilfishes of the genus Nannostomus are a typical example, having now been moved into the Lebiasinidae , the assorted predatory species belonging to Hoplias and Hoplerythrinus have now been moved into the Erythrinidae , and the sabre-toothed fishes of the genus Hydrolycus have been moved into the Cynodontidae . The former subfamily Alestiinae was promoted to family level ( Alestiidae ) and
350-416: The Characidae currently are the tetras , comprising the very similar genera Hemigrammus and Hyphessobrycon , as well as a few related forms, such as the cave and neon tetras. Fish of this family are important as food in several regions, and also constitute a large percentage of captive freshwater aquarium fish species. These fish vary in length; many are less than 3 cm (1.2 in). One of
375-475: The Characidae, but various revisions place them in their own related family, the Serrasalmidae . This reassignment has yet to enjoy universal acceptance, but is gaining in popularity among taxonomists working with these fishes. Given the current state of flux of the Characidae, a number of other changes will doubtless take place, reassigning once-familiar species to other families. Indeed, the entire phylogeny of
400-420: The Characidae, but various revisions place them in their own related family, the Serrasalmidae . This reassignment has yet to enjoy universal acceptance, but is gaining in popularity among taxonomists working with these fishes. Given the current state of flux of the Characidae, a number of other changes will doubtless take place, reassigning once-familiar species to other families. Indeed, the entire phylogeny of
425-464: The high number of species involved are the major reasons for the lack of phylogenetic analyses dealing with the relationships of the species within these generic "groups". Acestrorhynchidae See text Acestrorhynchus ("needle jaw" ) is a genus of characiform fish found only in fresh water in South America , the sole genus in the family Acestrorhynchidae . Their greatest diversity
450-478: The high number of species involved are the major reasons for the lack of phylogenetic analyses dealing with the relationships of the species within these generic "groups". Characinae Aphyocharacinae Aphyoditeinae Bryconinae Characinae Cheirodontinae Gymnocharacinae Heterocharacinae Iguanodectinae Pristellinae Rhoadsiinae Salmininae Stethaprioninae Stevardiinae Tetragonopterinae and see text Characidae ,
475-494: The most recent clades to be removed in order to maintain a monophyletic Characidae. Subfamily Iguanodectinae moved to Iguanodectidae Subfamily Heterocharacinae moved to Acestrorhynchidae Subfamily Bryconinae moved to Bryconidae Subfamily Salmininae moved to Bryconidae Genera incertae sedis A large number of taxa in this family are incertae sedis . The relationships of many fish in this family – in particular species traditionally placed in
500-493: The most recent clades to be removed in order to maintain a monophyletic Characidae. Subfamily Iguanodectinae moved to Iguanodectidae Subfamily Heterocharacinae moved to Acestrorhynchidae Subfamily Bryconinae moved to Bryconidae Subfamily Salmininae moved to Bryconidae Genera incertae sedis A large number of taxa in this family are incertae sedis . The relationships of many fish in this family – in particular species traditionally placed in
525-766: The sabre-toothed fishes of the genus Hydrolycus have been moved into the Cynodontidae . The former subfamily Alestiinae was promoted to family level ( Alestiidae ) and the subfamilies Crenuchinae and Characidiinae were moved to the family Crenuchidae . Other fish families that were formerly classified as members of the Characidae, but which were moved into separate families of their own during recent taxonomic revisions (after 1994) include Acestrorhynchidae , Anostomidae , Chilodontidae , Citharinidae , Ctenoluciidae , Curimatidae , Distichodontidae , Gasteropelecidae , Hemiodontidae , Hepsetidae , Parodontidae , Prochilodontidae , Serrasalmidae , and Triportheidae . The larger piranhas were originally classified as belonging to
SECTION 20
#1732851678889550-423: The smallest species, Hyphessobrycon roseus , grows to a maximum length of 1.9 cm. These fish inhabit a wide range and variety of habitats. New World fishes, they originate in the Americas , ranging from southwestern Texas and México through most of Central and South America , including such major waterways as the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers. Many of these fish come from rivers and tributaries, while
575-595: The subfamilies Crenuchinae and Characidiinae were moved to the family Crenuchidae . Other fish families that were formerly classified as members of the Characidae, but which were moved into separate families of their own during recent taxonomic revisions (after 1994) include Acestrorhynchidae , Anostomidae , Chilodontidae , Citharinidae , Ctenoluciidae , Curimatidae , Distichodontidae , Gasteropelecidae , Hemiodontidae , Hepsetidae , Parodontidae , Prochilodontidae , Serrasalmidae , and Triportheidae . The larger piranhas were originally classified as belonging to
600-405: The usual delimitation are among the largest genera in this family. These genera were originally proposed between 1854 and 1908 and are still more or less defined as by Carl H. Eigenmann in 1917, though diverse species have been added to each genus since that time. The anatomical diversity within each genus, the fact that each of these generic groups at the present time cannot be well-defined, and
625-404: The usual delimitation are among the largest genera in this family. These genera were originally proposed between 1854 and 1908 and are still more or less defined as by Carl H. Eigenmann in 1917, though diverse species have been added to each genus since that time. The anatomical diversity within each genus, the fact that each of these generic groups at the present time cannot be well-defined, and
#888111