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62-719: Prior to the formal creation of the House Liberty Caucus, Rep. Ron Paul hosted a luncheon in Washington, D.C. every Thursday for a group of Republican members of the House of Representatives that he called the Liberty Caucus. The group's proposition was similar to the political action committee known as the Republican Liberty Caucus and "support[ed] individual rights , limited government and free enterprise ". After

124-554: A MBBS or equivalent certification. This portion typically takes five years. Following this, they are eligible for provisional registration with the General Medical Council . They then must complete a two years of foundation training. After the first year of training is complete, trainees are eligible for full registration with the General Medical Council. After the foundation training is complete applicants take

186-507: A Tea Party protest against high taxes in 2002. In 2004, Citizens for a Sound Economy split into two new organizations, with Citizens for a Sound Economy being renamed as FreedomWorks , and Citizens for a Sound Economy Foundation becoming Americans for Prosperity . The two organizations would become key players in the Tea Party movement from 2009 onward. Paul proposed term-limit legislation multiple times, while himself serving four terms in

248-420: A June 2011 interview that if nominated, he would consider former New Jersey Superior Court judge Andrew Napolitano as his running mate. In December 2011, with Paul's increased support, the controversy over racist and homophobic statements in several Ron Paul newsletters in the 1980s and early 1990s once again gained media attention. During this time Paul supporters asserted that he was continually ignored by

310-417: A September 10, 2008, press conference, Paul announced his general support of four third-party candidates: Cynthia McKinney ( Green Party ); Bob Barr ( Libertarian Party ); Chuck Baldwin ( Constitution Party ); and Ralph Nader (independent). He said that each of them had pledged to adhere to a policy of balancing budgets, bringing the troops home, defending privacy and personal liberties, and investigating

372-762: A preferred model of governance. After the popularity and grassroots enthusiasm of his 2008 presidential bid, Paul announced in July 2011 that he would not seek reelection to Congress in order to focus on his 2012 bid for the presidency. Finishing in the top four with delegates in both races (while winning four states in the 2012 primaries ), he refused to endorse the Republican nominations of John McCain and Mitt Romney during their respective 2008 and 2012 campaigns against Barack Obama . In May 2012, Paul announced that he would not be competing in any other presidential primaries but that he would still compete for delegates in states where

434-493: A true cynic." Paul lost the Republican primary to Phil Gramm , who had switched parties the previous year from Democrat to Republican. Another candidate of the senatorial primary was Henry Grover , a conservative former state legislator who had lost the 1972 gubernatorial general election to Democrat Dolph Briscoe , Jr. On Paul's departure from the House, his seat was assumed by former state representative Tom DeLay , who would later become House Majority Leader . Following

496-403: A variety of political and investment-oriented newsletters , including Ron Paul Freedom Report and Ron Paul Survival Report , and by 1993 was generating revenues in excess of $ 900,000. Paul also co-owned a mail-order coin dealership, Ron Paul Coins , for twelve years with Burt Blumert , who continued to operate the dealership after Paul resumed office in 1996. Paul spoke multiple times at

558-560: A vocal critic of mass surveillance policies such as the Patriot Act and the NSA surveillance programs . In 1976, Paul formed the Foundation for Rational Economics and Education (FREE), and in 1985 was named the first chairman of the conservative PAC Citizens for a Sound Economy , both free-market groups focused on limited government . He has been characterized as the "intellectual godfather" of

620-402: A web show he co-hosts on YouTube . At 81, and despite not running, Paul received one electoral vote from a Texas faithless elector in the 2016 presidential election , making him the oldest person to receive an Electoral College vote, as well as the second registered Libertarian presidential candidate in history to receive an electoral vote, after John Hospers in 1972. Ronald Ernest Paul

682-560: Is completing medical school to receive an MD or DO degree. From there doctors must complete a four-year OB-GYN residency program approved by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). For the 2021 Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) match, there were 277 OB-GYN residency programs accepting applicants. In their fourth year of residency, with an affidavit from their director to confirm program completion, OB-GYN residents can choose whether to begin

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744-579: Is listed as the leader of the Congressional Liberty Caucus. Current members: Former Members: Ron Paul This is an accepted version of this page Ronald Ernest Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American author, activist, physician, and retired politician who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 22nd congressional district from 1976 to 1977, and again from 1979 to 1985, as well as for Texas's 14th congressional district from 1997 to 2013. On three occasions, he sought

806-424: Is the medical specialty that encompasses the two subspecialties of obstetrics (covering pregnancy , childbirth , and the postpartum period ) and gynaecology (covering the health of the female reproductive system – vagina , uterus , ovaries , and breasts ). The specialization is an important part of care for women's health . Postgraduate training programs for both fields are usually combined, preparing

868-475: The 112th Congress began and Ron Paul switched his focus to his presidential campaign, his luncheon was replaced by a formal congressional member organization . That member organization was named the House Liberty Caucus and was initially chaired by Justin Amash . The House Liberty Caucus was joined by Republican members who wanted to "focus on specific issues like economic freedom , individual liberty , and following

930-400: The 113th Congress . Paul formally declared his candidacy for the 2008 Republican nomination on March 12, 2007, on C-SPAN . Few major politicians endorsed him, and his campaign was largely ignored by traditional media. However, he attracted an intensely loyal grassroots following, interacting through internet social media. In May 2007, shortly after the first televised primary debates,

992-708: The American Numismatic Association 's 1988 convention. He worked with his Foundation for Rational Economics and Education on such projects as establishing the National Endowment for Liberty, producing the At Issue public policy series that was broadcast on the Discovery Channel and CNBC , and continuing publication of newsletters. Paul left the Republican Party in 1987 and launched a bid for

1054-579: The Constitution ". During his time in Congress , Jared Polis of Colorado was the only Democratic member of the caucus. The caucus has been characterized as "conservative with a libertarian emphasis" and was associated with the Tea Party movement . In June 2014, the caucus supported Raúl Labrador 's campaign for House Majority Leader. In February 2019, Politico reported that the House Liberty Caucus had eight members. As of November 2023, Rep. Warren Davidson

1116-591: The Federal Maritime Commission , and Paul won an April 1976 special election to the vacant office after a runoff . Paul lost the next regular election to Democrat Robert Gammage by fewer than 300 votes (0.2%), but defeated Gammage in a 1978 rematch, and was reelected in 1980 and 1982. Gammage underestimated Paul's popularity among local mothers: "I had real difficulty down in Brazoria County , where he practiced, because he'd delivered half

1178-461: The Foundation for Rational Economics and Education (FREE), a non-profit think tank dedicated to promoting principles of limited government and free-market economics. In 1984, Paul became the first chairman of the Citizens for a Sound Economy (CSE), a conservative political group founded by Charles and David Koch "to fight for less government, lower taxes, and less regulation." CSE started

1240-497: The House of Representatives . In 1984, he decided to retire from the House in order to run for the U.S. Senate , complaining in his House farewell address that "Special interests have replaced the concern that the Founders had for general welfare... It's difficult for one who loves true liberty and utterly detests the power of the state to come to Washington for a period of time and not leave

1302-407: The Tea Party movement , a fiscally conservative political movement started in 2007 and popularized in 2009 that is largely against most matters of interventionism . Paul served as a flight surgeon in the U.S. Air Force from 1963 to 1968, and worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist from the 1960s to the 1980s. He became the first Representative in history to serve concurrently with a child in

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1364-739: The United States Air Force from 1963 to 1965 and then in the United States Air National Guard from 1965 to 1968. Paul and his wife then relocated to Texas , where he began a private practice in obstetrics and gynecology . One child that he helped deliver was famous Tejano singer Selena Quintanilla . While a medical resident in the 1960s, Paul was influenced by Friedrich Hayek 's The Road to Serfdom , which caused him to read other publications by Ludwig von Mises and Ayn Rand . He came to know economists Hans Sennholz and Murray Rothbard well, and credits his interest in

1426-608: The presidency of the United States : as the Libertarian Party nominee in 1988 ; and as a candidate for the Republican Party in 2008 and 2012 . A self-described constitutionalist , Paul is a critic of several of the federal government 's policies, especially the existence of the Federal Reserve and tax policy , as well as the military–industrial complex , the war on drugs , and the war on terror . He has also been

1488-455: The "charade" that the two-party election system had become, the voters support the third-party candidates as a protest vote, to force change in the election process. Later that same day, Paul gave a televised interview with Nader saying much the same again. Two weeks later, "shocked and disappointed" that Bob Barr (the Libertarian nominee) had pulled out of attending the press conference at

1550-510: The 140-member Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus . Paul served on the following committees and subcommittees. With the election of the 112th Congress , and a resulting GOP majority in the House , Paul became the chairman of the Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy and Technology starting in January 2011. Paul's congressional career ended on January 3, 2013, with the swearing in of

1612-519: The 2010 Republican primary, Paul defeated three opponents with 80 percent of the vote. On July 12, 2011, Paul announced that he would not seek re-election to the House in order to pursue the 2012 presidential election . Of the 620 bills that Paul had sponsored through December 2011, over a period of more than 22 years in Congress, only one had been signed into law—a lifetime success rate of less than 0.3%. The sole measure authored by Paul that

1674-460: The Federal Reserve. Paul also said that under no circumstances would he be endorsing either of the two main parties' candidates (McCain—Republican Party, or Obama—Democratic Party) because there were no real differences between them, and because neither of them, if elected, would seek to make the fundamental changes in governance that were necessary. He urged instead that, rather than contribute to

1736-555: The Lewinsky scandal, which he described as far less serious than the "unconstitutionality of presidents waging wars". Paul was honorary chairman of, and is a member of the Republican Liberty Caucus , a political action committee that describes its goal as electing "liberty-minded, limited-government individuals". He is an initiating member of the Congressional Rural Caucus , which deals with agricultural and rural issues, and

1798-577: The Nevada caucuses January 19, where he came in 2nd (14%) behind Mitt Romney (51%), he did little better through the rest of January: Michigan 4th (6%), South Carolina 5th (4%), Florida 5th (3%). On Super Tuesday, February 5, he placed 4th in almost every state, generally taking in a mere 3–6% of the votes although he did better in the northern states of North Dakota (21%, 3rd place) and Montana (25%, 2nd place). By March, front-runner John McCain had secured enough pledged delegates to guarantee that he would win

1860-548: The Part 1 MRCOG examination administered by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists . There are an additional seven years of training after this, and two more exams (Part 2 and Part 3 MRCOG exams) which adds up to nine years total minimum in training, although some trainees may take longer. Examples of subspecialty training available to physicians in the US are: Of these, only

1922-576: The Senate when his son, Rand Paul , became United States Senator (R-KY) in 2011. Ron Paul is a Senior Fellow and Distinguished Counselor of the Mises Institute . He has published a number of books and promoted the ideas of economists of the Austrian School , such as Murray Rothbard , Friedrich Hayek , and Ludwig von Mises , during his political campaigns. He has cited President Grover Cleveland as

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1984-481: The babies in the county. There were only two obstetricians in the county, and the other one was his partner." Paul served in Congress three different periods: first from 1976 to 1977, after he won a special election, then from 1979 to 1985, and finally from 1997 to 2013. In his early years, Paul served on the House Banking Committee , where he blamed the Federal Reserve for inflation and spoke against

2046-465: The banking mismanagement that resulted in the savings and loan crisis . Paul argued for a return to the gold standard maintained by the U.S. from 1873 to 1933, and with Senator Jesse Helms convinced the Congress to study the issue. He spoke against the reinstatement of registration for the military draft in 1980, in opposition to President Jimmy Carter and the majority of his fellow Republican members of Congress. During his first term, Paul founded

2108-517: The blogs search engine site Technorati .com listed Paul's name as the term most frequently searched for; and Paul's campaign claimed that Paul had more YouTube channel subscribers than Barack Obama or any other candidate for president. Paul fundraised more money than any other Republican candidate in the fourth quarter of 2007, as the primary season headed into the Iowa caucuses. Despite benefiting from campaign contributions from individual donors, and

2170-765: The board certification process by applying to take the ABOG Qualifying Exam, which is a written test. If residents pass the Qualifying Exam, demonstrating they possess the knowledge and skills to potentially become certified OB-GYNs, they are then eligible to sit for the oral Certification Exam. Prior to the Certification Exam, residents must also gather a list of patient cases they've worked on throughout their residency in order to demonstrate their competence and experience in OB-GYN patient care. Residents then sit for

2232-420: The fall election, despite Morris' criticism over controversial statements in several newsletters that Paul published . In 1998 and 2000, Paul defeated Loy Sneary, a Democratic Bay City, Texas , rice farmer and former Matagorda County judge. In the 2008 Republican primary, he defeated Friendswood city councilman Chris Peden , with over 70 percent of the vote and ran unopposed in the general election. In

2294-675: The first four are truly recognized sub-specialties by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG). The other subspecialties are recognized as informal concentrations of practice. To be recognized as a board-certified subspecialist by the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology or the American Osteopathic Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology ,

2356-427: The future generation as this election. These kids will vote eventually, and maybe, just maybe, they'll go home and talk to their parents." Paul considered running again for president in 1992 , but instead chose to endorse Republican Pat Buchanan that year, and served as an adviser to Buchanan's ultimately unsuccessful presidential primary campaign against incumbent President George H. W. Bush . During 1996, Paul

2418-661: The incident. Paul came in third in the Iowa Republican Caucus held on January 3, 2012. Out of a turnout of 121,503 votes, Paul took 26,036 (21%) of the certified votes. Rick Santorum and Mitt Romney finished in a virtual tie for first place with 25% each, although Ron Paul had ultimately won Iowa at the Republican National Convention gathering 22 delegates to Mitt Romney's 5. In the New Hampshire primary held on January 10, 2012, Paul received 23% of

2480-471: The last minute and had admonished Paul for remaining neutral and failing to say which specific candidate Paul would vote for in the general election, Paul released a statement saying that he had decided to endorse Chuck Baldwin , the Constitution Party candidate, for president. Paul withdrew from active campaigning in the last weeks of the primary election period. He received 42,426 votes, or 0.03% of

2542-441: The loss of the 1984 senate race, Paul returned to his obstetrics practice and took part in a number of other business ventures. Along with his former congressional chief of staff, Lew Rockwell , Paul founded a for-profit enterprise, Ron Paul & Associates, Inc. (RP&A) in 1984, with Paul serving as president, Rockwell as vice president, Paul's wife Carol as secretary, and daughter Lori Pyeatt as treasurer. The company published

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2604-663: The media despite his significant support, citing examples of where television news shows would fail to mention Paul in discussions of the Republican presidential hopefuls even when he was polling second. Ron Paul's presidential campaign managers Jesse Benton , John Tate and Demetri Kesari were all found guilty of paying former Iowa State Senator Kent Sorenson $ 73,000 to switch his support from Rep. Michele Bachmann to Paul. In court papers filed in August 2014, Sorenson said that he had been paid by both presidential campaigns for his endorsement and pled guilty to criminal charges stemming from

2666-540: The nomination, and Romney and Mike Huckabee had both formally withdrawn from the race. Paul, who had won no state primaries, knew that it was now impossible for him to win the nomination, as he had captured only 20 —40 pledged delegates compared to more than 1,191 for McCain, yet he refused to concede the race and said that it was unlikely that he would ultimately endorse McCain. Over the next few weeks, Paul's supporters clashed with establishment Republicans at several county and state party conventions over state party rules,

2728-427: The party platforms, and selection of delegates for the national convention. In one instance, Nevada's state party leaders in response to Paul's supporters at the state nominating convention, resorted to prematurely shutting down the convention before selecting national delegates, with a plan to reconvene at a later date. On June 12, 2008, Paul withdrew his bid for the Republican nomination. He later said that one of

2790-628: The popular vote with 432,179 votes (0.5%). Paul was kept off the ballot in Missouri , due to what the St. Louis Post-Dispatch termed a "technicality," and received votes there only when written in, just as he did in North Carolina . According to Paul, his presidential campaign was about more than obtaining office; he sought to promote his libertarian ideas, often to school and university groups regardless of vote eligibility. He said, "We're just as interested in

2852-421: The practising obstetrician-gynecologist to be adept both at the care of female reproductive organs' health and at the management of pregnancy, although many doctors go on to develop subspecialty interests in one field or the other. According to the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG), which is responsible for issuing OB-GYN certifications in the United States, the first step to OB-GYN certification

2914-439: The presidency running on the Libertarian Party ticket. His candidacy was seen as problematic because of the party's platform position of support for freedom of choice on abortions. Native American activist Russell Means , Paul's rival for the nomination, emphasized that he was in favor of abortion rights . In a forum held prior to the nomination, Means dismissed the greater funds raised by Paul's campaign, commenting that Means

2976-463: The primary elections had already been held. At both the 2008 and 2012 Republican National Conventions, Paul received the second-highest number of delegates behind only McCain and Romney respectively. Paul remained active after his retirement from electoral politics, giving speeches promoting libertarian and libertarian-conservative ideas on college campuses. He also continues to provide political commentary through The Ron Paul Liberty Report ,

3038-435: The reasons he did not run in the general election as a third-party candidate, after losing the primaries, was that, as a concession to gain ballot access in certain states, he had signed legally binding agreements to not run a third-party campaign if he lost the primary. Some of the $ 4 million remaining campaign contributions was invested into the political action and advocacy group called Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty . At

3100-595: The study of economics to them. When President Richard Nixon " closed the gold window " by ending American participation in the Bretton Woods System , thus ending the U.S. dollar 's loose association with gold on August 15, 1971, Paul decided to enter politics and became a Republican candidate for the United States Congress . In 1974, incumbent Robert R. Casey defeated him for the 22nd district . President Gerald Ford later appointed Casey to

3162-415: The supporters determined to keep his name a frequent topic of discussion on the internet, over the course of the campaign Paul was unable to translate the enthusiasm of his core supporters into large enough numbers of actual primary votes to unseat his rivals. Paul came in 5th place in both the January 4 Iowa caucuses (10% of votes cast) and the January 8 New Hampshire primary (8%). With the exception of

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3224-514: The three-hour oral exam at ABOG's test center, and if they pass the exam they become "board certified" OB-GYNs. Since 2013 at least 82% of all Certifying Exam examinees have passed. This adds up to 11–14 years of education and practical experience. The first 7–9 years are general medical training. Experienced OB-GYN professionals can seek certifications in sub-specialty areas, including maternal and fetal medicine. See Fellowship (medicine) . All doctors must first complete medical school and obtain

3286-468: The total cast, in the general election. Paul won several early straw polls for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination and formed an official exploratory committee in late April 2011. He participated in the first Republican presidential debate on May 5, 2011 and on May 13, 2011, formally announced his candidacy in an interview on ABC 's Good Morning America . He placed second in the 2011 Ames Straw Poll , missing first by 0.9%. Paul indicated in

3348-514: The vote. Three non-binding primaries were held on February 7; Paul took 3rd place in Colorado and Missouri with 13% and 12% of the vote, respectively. He fared better in Minnesota with 27%, finishing second to Rick Santorum . Obstetrics and gynaecology Obstetrics and gynaecology (also spelled as obstetrics and gynecology ; abbreviated as Obs and Gynae , O&G , OB-GYN and OB/GYN )

3410-519: The votes and came in second after Romney's 39%. Paul's results then declined, despite the withdrawal of candidates Michele Bachmann , Jon Huntsman and Rick Perry . He had fourth-place finishes in the next two primaries, on January 21 in South Carolina (with 13% of the vote) and on January 31 in Florida (where he received 7% of the vote). On February 4, Paul finished third in Nevada with 18.8% of

3472-689: Was a member of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. He graduated with a B.S. degree in Biology in 1957. Paul earned a Doctor of Medicine degree from Duke University 's School of Medicine in 1961, and completed his medical internship at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit and his residency in obstetrics and gynecology at Magee-Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh . Paul served as a flight surgeon in

3534-475: Was born on August 20, 1935, in Pittsburgh , the son of Howard Caspar Paul (1904–1997), who ran a small dairy company, and Margaret Paul (née Dumont; 1908–2001). His paternal grandfather emigrated from Germany , and his paternal grandmother, a devout Christian, was a first-generation German American . Ron Paul has four brothers. As a junior at suburban Dormont High School , he was the 200-meter dash state champion. Paul went to Gettysburg College , where he

3596-558: Was one of eighteen Republicans in the House to co-sponsor a resolution by Bob Barr that sought to launch an impeachment inquiry against President Bill Clinton . The resolution did not specify any charges or allegations. This was an early effort to impeach Clinton, predating the eruption of the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal . The eruption of that scandal would ultimately lead to a more serious effort to impeach Clinton in 1998. On October 8, 1998, Paul voted in favor of legislation that

3658-503: Was passed to open an impeachment inquiry . On December 19, 1998 , Paul voted in favor of all four proposed articles of impeachment against Clinton (only two of which received the needed majority of votes to be adopted). Two days prior, on December 16, Paul had stated that he would vote to impeach based on Clinton's military attacks in the Middle East, namely the 1998 bombing of Iraq and Operation Infinite Reach , and not necessarily

3720-471: Was re-elected to Congress after a difficult campaign. The Republican National Committee endorsed incumbent Greg Laughlin in the primary; Paul won with assistance from baseball pitcher, constituent, and friend Nolan Ryan , tax activist and publisher Steve Forbes and conservative commentator Pat Buchanan (the latter two of whom had run in the 1996 Republican Party presidential primaries ). Paul narrowly defeated Democratic attorney Charles "Lefty" Morris in

3782-415: Was receiving "10 times more press" than the former Congressman and was therefore "100 times more effective". On September 25, 1988, American psychologist and psychedelic advocate Timothy Leary held a fundraiser for Paul, who attended the event. Journalist Debra Saunders attended and wrote about her experience. In the 1988 presidential election, Paul was on the ballot in 46 states, scoring third in

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3844-489: Was ultimately enacted allowed for a federal customhouse to be sold to a local historic preservation society (H.R. 2121 in 2009). By amending other legislation, he helped prohibit funding for national identification numbers , funding for federal teacher certification, International Criminal Court jurisdiction over the U.S. military, American participation with any U.N. global tax , and surveillance of peaceful First Amendment activities by citizens. In November 1997, Paul

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