Misplaced Pages

#48951

131-500: Henry Ford Hospital, which opened in 1915, is a Level 1 trauma center, recognized for clinical excellence and innovations in the fields of cardiology, cardiovascular surgery, neurology, neurosurgery, orthopedics, sports medicine, organ transplants, and treatment for prostate, breast, and lung cancers. Henry Ford Hospital annually trains more than 500 residents and 125 fellows in 46 accredited programs. Through its affiliation with Wayne State University , more than 400 medical students train at

262-519: A collective bargaining agreement with the unions because the violence, work disruptions, and bitter stalemates could not go on forever. But Ford, who still had the final veto in the company on a de facto basis even if not an official one, refused to cooperate. For several years, he kept Bennett in charge of talking to the unions trying to organize the Ford Motor Company. Sorensen's memoir makes clear that Ford's purpose in putting Bennett in charge

393-450: A franchise system, which allowed for car dealerships throughout North America and in major cities on six continents. Ford was known for his pacifism during the first years of World War I , although during the war his company became a major supplier of weapons. He promoted the League of Nations . In the 1920s Ford promoted antisemitism through his newspaper The Dearborn Independent and

524-488: A pocket watch when he was 12. At 15, Ford dismantled and reassembled the timepieces of friends and neighbors dozens of times, gaining the reputation of a watch repairman. At twenty, Ford walked four miles to their Episcopal church every Sunday. Ford said two significant events occurred in 1875 when he was 12: he received the watch, and he witnessed the operation of a Nichols and Shepard road engine, "...the first vehicle other than horse-drawn that I had ever seen". Ford

655-627: A sawmill . They had one child, Edsel Ford (1893–1943). In 1891, Ford became an engineer with the Edison Illuminating Company of Detroit . After his promotion to Chief Engineer in 1893, he had enough time and money to devote attention to his experiments on gasoline engines . These experiments culminated in 1896 with the completion of a self-propelled vehicle, which he named the Ford Quadricycle . He test-drove it on June 4. After various test drives, Ford brainstormed ways to improve

786-433: A yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend the university) of 28.4%. Wayne State's freshman retention rate is 81.3%, with 55.8% going on to graduate within six years. Of the 60% of the incoming freshman class who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1010–1220. Of the 8% of enrolled freshmen in 2021 who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score

917-504: A yield rate of 41.39%. The Law School had a middle-50% LSAT range of 154–163 for the 2022 first year class. In its 2025 rankings, U.S. News & World Report ranked the university's undergraduate program 179th (tied) among 436 national universities, and 97th among public national universities. With nearly four million volumes, the Wayne State University Library System houses the 75th largest collection in

1048-588: A $ 5 daily wage ($ 152 in 2023), which more than doubled the rate of most of his workers. A Cleveland, Ohio , newspaper editorialized that the announcement "shot like a blinding rocket through the dark clouds of the present industrial depression". The move proved extremely profitable; instead of constant employee turnover, the best mechanics in Detroit flocked to Ford, bringing their human capital and expertise, raising productivity, and lowering training costs. Ford announced his $ 5-per-day program on January 5, 1914, raising

1179-559: A 48-hour week, but in 1926 it was announced as five 8-hour days, giving a 40-hour week. The program apparently started with Saturday being designated a workday, before becoming a day off sometime later. On May 1, 1926, the Ford Motor Company's factory workers switched to a five-day, 40-hour workweek, with the company's office workers making the transition the following August. Ford had decided to boost productivity, as workers were expected to put more effort into their work in exchange for more leisure time. Ford also believed decent leisure time

1310-535: A Detroit-area coal dealer. They formed a partnership, Ford & Malcomson, Limited, to manufacture automobiles. Ford went to work designing an inexpensive automobile, and the duo leased a factory and contracted with a machine shop owned by John and Horace E. Dodge to supply over $ 160,000 in parts. Sales were slow, and a crisis arose when the Dodge brothers demanded payment for their first shipment. In response, Malcomson brought in another group of investors and convinced

1441-629: A Division II conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . The field was named after Thomas B. Adams, a 1944 graduate and football and track athlete who later served on as a board member at WSU. Due to his athletic, military and business achievements, the Wayne State football field was named in honor of him in 2003. A new 35-foot video board was installed in August 2015. The eight-lane Lowell Blanchard Track, located in

SECTION 10

#1732848881049

1572-491: A bombshell with the flathead Ford V8 , the first low-price eight-cylinder engine. The flathead V8, variants of which were used in Ford vehicles for 20 years, was the result of a secret project launched in 1930 and Henry had initially considered a radical X-8 engine before agreeing to a conventional design. It gave Ford a reputation as a performance make well-suited for hot-rodding. Ford did not believe in accountants; he amassed one of

1703-492: A business incubator that works with technology startups and entrepreneurs in Detroit. Wayne State has three satellite campuses in the Metro Detroit area. The locations are: The university is governed by a Board of Governors consisting of eight members elected by Michigan voters for eight-year terms. Board of Governor members serve without compensation. The board elects the university president. The student body government

1834-437: A closed staff of physicians and surgeons, many of whom came from Johns Hopkins, including medical chief Frank J. Sladen and surgical chief Roy Donaldson McClure. In 1917, it was determined that more space was needed for the hospital, and Ford Motor Company architect Albert Wood was hired to design a new hospital. Contractor Albert A. Albrecht was hired to construct the new hospital, but World War I intervened before construction

1965-523: A commercial device to help their business. Sales skyrocketed—several years posted 100% gains on the previous year. In 1913, Ford introduced moving assembly belts into his plants, which enabled an enormous increase in production. Although Ford is often credited with the idea, contemporary sources indicate that the concept and development came from employees Clarence Avery , Peter E. Martin , Charles E. Sorensen , and C. Harold Wills . (See Ford Piquette Avenue Plant .) Sales passed 250,000 in 1914. By 1916, as

2096-523: A consultant; Ford, in response, left the company bearing his name. With Ford gone, Leland renamed the company the Cadillac Automobile Company . Teaming up with former racing cyclist Tom Cooper , Ford also produced the 80+ horsepower racer " 999 ," which Barney Oldfield was to drive to victory in a race in October 1902. Ford received the backing of an old acquaintance, Alexander Y. Malcomson ,

2227-471: A diabetic patient was performed by doctor Stanley Dienst. In 1979, Henry Ford Hospital was one of the first to perform coronary angioplasty. In 1980, Drs. Fred W. Whitehouse and Dorothy A. Kahkonen were the first physicians in Michigan and the second in the country to administer human insulin to a patient with diabetes. In 1985, Drs. Fraser Keith and Donald Magilligan performed Detroit's first heart transplant. In

2358-488: A few U.S. hospitals selected by the National Research Council as a trial site to test penicillin . In 1943, Henry Ford Hospital's doctor Frank Hartman developed the liquid oxygen tent . In 1944, Henry Ford Hospital became the first hospital to use the now-routine technique of multiple lead electrocardiograms . In 1948, the hospital recognized the need for a new building due to the 600% increase in patients over

2489-607: A focus on business efficiency would discourage warfare because, "If every man who manufactures an article would make the very best he can in the very best way at the very lowest possible price the world would be kept out of war, for commercialists would not have to search for outside markets which the other fellow covets." Ford admitted that munitions makers enjoyed wars, but he argued that most businesses wanted to avoid wars and instead work to manufacture and sell useful goods, hire workers, and generate steady long-term profits. Ford's British factories produced Fordson tractors to increase

2620-500: A massive new assembly plant at River Rouge for the new Model A, which launched in 1927. In addition to its price ladder, GM also quickly established itself at the forefront of automotive styling under Harley Earl 's Arts & Color Department, another area of automobile design that Henry Ford did not entirely appreciate or understand. Ford would not have a true equivalent of the GM styling department for many years. By 1926, flagging sales of

2751-799: A means to foster employment, but Ford saw this as self-defeating because, in his view, productivity was necessary for economic prosperity to exist. He believed that productivity gains that obviated certain jobs would nevertheless stimulate the broader economy and grow new jobs elsewhere, whether within the same corporation or in others. Ford also believed that union leaders had a perverse incentive to foment perpetual socio-economic crises to maintain their power. Meanwhile, he believed that smart managers had an incentive to do right by their workers, because doing so would maximize their profits. However, Ford did acknowledge that many managers were basically too bad at managing to understand this fact. But Ford believed that eventually, if good managers such as he, could fend off

SECTION 20

#1732848881049

2882-423: A mid-range make to challenge Dodge and Buick, although Henry also displayed relatively little enthusiasm for it. Ford was a pioneer of " welfare capitalism ", designed to improve the lot of his workers and especially to reduce the heavy turnover that had many departments hiring 300 men per year to fill 100 slots. Efficiency meant hiring and keeping the best workers. Ford astonished the world in 1914 by offering

3013-416: A six-inch stroke, which was connected to a countershaft by a belt and then to the rear wheel by a chain. The belt was shifted by a clutch lever to control speeds at 10 or 20 miles per hour , augmented by a throttle . Other features included 28-inch wire bicycle wheels with rubber tires , a foot brake, a 3-gallon gasoline tank, and later, a water jacket around the cylinders for cooling. Ford added that "in

3144-474: A skywalk across West Grand Boulevard to connect it to the hospital. In 2017, The Henry Ford Health System and the Detroit Pistons announced plans to build a new $ 65 million, Henry Ford-Detroit Pistons Performance Center , that includes a dedicated 25,000-square-foot sports medicine building, that will also be available to the public, and that will be connected to the performance center. It will be located in

3275-426: A technique for the correction of mitral valve stenosis, using a special six-finger glove with a knife attached to the sixth mid-palm finger. In 1952, Henry Ford Hospital vascular surgeon, doctor D. Emerick Szilagyi, performed one of the world's first grafts of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. In 1956, Henry Ford Hospital cardiothoracic surgeon Dr. Conrad Lam performed the first successful open heart surgery in Michigan using

3406-484: A university. In January 1934, that institution was officially named Wayne University, taking its name from Wayne County (in which both the university and the city of Detroit reside), which was itself named after Revolutionary War Major-General Anthony Wayne . Wayne University added a School of Social Work in 1935, and the School of Business Administration in 1946. Wayne University was renamed Wayne State University in 1956 and

3537-725: Is Michigan 's third-largest university with nearly 24,000 graduate and undergraduate students. Wayne State University, along with the University of Michigan and Michigan State University , compose the University Research Corridor of Michigan. Wayne State is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". Wayne State's main campus comprises 203 acres linking more than 100 education and research buildings. It also has three satellite campuses in Macomb and Wayne counties. The Wayne State Warriors compete in

3668-441: Is at the southern boundary of the campus, facing Grand Boulevard, with additions to the north and west. The remainder of the buildings are located north of the main hospital. The campus includes multiple buildings constructed at different times and designed by different architects in different architectural styles. However, the buildings relate to each other, as most use similarly colored brick and similar trim features. The M Unit

3799-618: Is available online with select classes also offered on campus. In September 2017, the school became a member of the iSchool Consortium and added a master of science in information management (MSIM). Founded in 1868, the Wayne State University School of Medicine enrolls more than 1,500 students in its medical, doctoral, M.D./Ph.D., and master’s programs. The school's research emphasizes neurosciences, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity, and psychiatry and addiction research. One of

3930-633: Is governed by a board of trustees. Advisory and affiliate boards include 150 volunteer leaders, who provide vital links to the communities served by the System. Henry Ford is managed by President and chief executive officer Wright Lassiter, III . More than 30,000 total Henry Ford Health System employees provide care during the more than 4.24 million annual patient contacts. Henry Ford health care providers perform more than 100,400 ambulatory surgery procedures each year. More than 113,000 patients are admitted to Henry Ford's six hospitals annually. Revenue History For

4061-590: Is headed by a Student Senate. Some colleges of the university have their own Student Senate, which reports back to the main Student Senate. The Law School has its own Student Board of Governors. The following is a list of the presidents of the university since its establishment. Wayne State's academic offerings are divided among 13 schools and colleges: the Mike Ilitch School of Business, the College of Education,

Henry Ford Hospital - Misplaced Pages Continue

4192-571: Is located in Midtown Detroit near many notable institutions and attractions. The Cass Corridor is one of the university's notable surroundings. Many events have taken place on or near the campus as a result of its unique location. Tom Adams Field is a 6,000-seat football stadium located on the campus. It is primarily used for Wayne State Warriors football of the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference ,

4323-614: Is part of the Henry Ford Health System, one of the country's largest health care systems and a national leader in clinical care, research and education. It includes the 1,200-member Henry Ford Medical Group, five hospitals, the Health Alliance Plan, 30 primary care centers and many other health-related entities throughout Southeast Michigan. In 2009 alone, Henry Ford provided more than $ 173 million in uncompensated care. The health system plans to invest $ 500 million to expand

4454-677: Is the campus' largest dining facility, serving a variety of food. Gold 'n' Greens, located in Ghafari Hall, serves vegan, vegetarian and halal food. In 2016, the university refurbished the historic Thompson Home and opened The Thompson as a residence hall primarily for students in fine, performing and communication arts. Chatsworth Suites, which debuted in 1928, was renovated as a residence hall in 2020. Wayne State University hosts chapters of over two dozen fraternities and sororities. There are also professional, honor, service or special interest Greek-letter organizations. Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity

4585-414: Is the original patient building and is located directly east of the clinic tower, slightly below the current grade. The building is 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story red brick structure with limestone trim and a red clay tile roof. The architecture is similar to a Georgian estate house, with a nine-bay-wide center mass flanked by symmetrical three-bay wings. The entrance is in the center, with the entrance bay and

4716-431: Is the primary funding source for Henry Ford's research programs. Henry Ford physicians and researchers are currently involved in more than 1,700 research projects, including those focused on stroke and traumatic brain injury, hypertension and heart disease, cancer, bone and joint diseases, the immunological basis of disease, and population studies of allergy, asthma and cancer prevention. Much of Henry Ford Hospital research

4847-414: Is translational in nature - from bench to bedside. To this end, basic science studies run the gamut from whole animal physiology to cell and molecular biology to bioengineering with an emphasis on studies that can directly impact patient care. In 2009, Henry Ford researchers published more than 450 articles in peer-reviewed medical journals and attracted $ 57.4 million in external funding. Henry Ford Hospital

4978-501: The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business . Established in 1986, the College of Fine, Performing and Communication Arts ( CFPCA ) serves nearly 2,000 students majoring in 17 undergraduate programs, 10 graduate programs and three graduate certificate programs. Many programs are nationally accredited. The American Library Association first accredited the master of library and information science (MLIS) in 1967. The MLIS

5109-466: The Cleveland Clinic . Henry Ford Hospital operates a Level 1 Trauma Center and has one of the busiest emergency rooms in Michigan, treating nearly 100,000 patients annually. Henry Ford Hospital performs organ transplants in many areas, including heart, lung, kidney, bone marrow, pancreas, and liver. Henry Ford Hospital's Vattikuti Urology Institute operates the largest robotic prostatectomy program in

5240-730: The College of Engineering ; the College of Fine, Performing and Communication Arts; the Graduate School, the Law School , the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the School of Information Sciences , the School of Medicine , the College of Nursing, the Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences , the Irvin D. Reid Honors College, and the School of Social Work. Fall 2024 enrollment for

5371-861: The Detroit Teachers College . The Board of Education voted in 1924 to make the college a part of the new College of the City of Detroit . Eventually it became the Wayne State University College of Education. In 1917, the Detroit Board of Education founded the Detroit Junior College and would make Detroit Central High School's Old Main Hall its campus. Detroit's College of Pharmacy and the Detroit Teachers College were added to

Henry Ford Hospital - Misplaced Pages Continue

5502-615: The Ford Foundation , and control of the company to his family. Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on a farm in Springwells Township, Michigan . His father, William Ford (1826–1905), was born in County Cork , Ireland, to a family that had emigrated from Somerset , England in the 16th century. His mother, Mary Ford (née Litogot; 1839–1876), was born in Michigan as the youngest child of Belgian immigrants; her parents died when she

5633-705: The Great Depression , unemployed Detroit auto workers staged the Ford Hunger March to the Ford River Rouge Complex to present 14 demands to Henry Ford. The Dearborn police department and Ford security guards opened fire on workers leading to over sixty injuries and five deaths. On May 26, 1937, Bennett's security men beat members of the United Automobile Workers (UAW), including Walter Reuther , with clubs. While Bennett's men were beating

5764-615: The Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) for all sports except for fencing, which competes in the single division Midwest Fencing Conference. The school previously competed in men's and women's NCAA Division I ice hockey as a member of College Hockey America (CHA). The university dropped its men's program at the end of the 2007-08 season and the women's hockey program was ended in 2011. 42°21′26.44″N 83°4′12.38″W  /  42.3573444°N 83.0701056°W  / 42.3573444; -83.0701056 Henry Ford Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947)

5895-640: The Helen L. DeRoy Auditorium , the Education Building, the Maccabees Building , Old Main , McGregor Memorial Conference Center , Chatsworth Suites , IBio, STEM Innovation Learning Center, M. Roy Wilson State Hall, Hilberry Gateway and the Gretchen Valade Jazz Center . Many buildings have been designed by notable architects such as Albert Kahn and Minoru Yamasaki . Wayne State University

6026-602: The Michigan College of Medicine and they consolidated buildings. After the reorganization, McGraw became the first president and dean. The institutions evolved into the Wayne State University School of Medicine . In 1881, the Detroit Normal Training School for Teachers was established by the Detroit Board of Education. In 1920, after several relocations to larger quarters, the school became

6157-632: The NCAA Division II Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC). Wayne State University was established in 1868 as the Detroit Medical College by five returning Civil War veterans. The college charter from 1868 was signed by founder Theodore Andrews McGraw, M.D., a University of Michigan graduate (B.A. 1859). In 1885, the Detroit College of Medicine merged with its competitor,

6288-528: The $ 5-day wage. Real profit-sharing was offered to employees who had worked at the company for six months or more, and, importantly, conducted their lives in a manner of which Ford's "Social Department" approved. They frowned on heavy drinking, gambling, and on what are now called deadbeat dads . The Social Department used 50 investigators and support staff to maintain employee standards; a large percentage of workers were able to qualify for this "profit-sharing". Ford's incursion into his employees' private lives

6419-403: The 15th consecutive year, the System experienced positive revenue growth in 2017. The System is one of a handful of healthcare organizations nationally with both a strong provider organization and large insurance operations. Overall revenue increased by 4.8% in 2017. In 2017, annual revenue was 6.0 billion. In 1909, responding to the lack of hospital beds in the city, Dr. William Metcalf organized

6550-690: The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, the Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, the Institute of Gerontology, the Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Healthy Urban Waters, the Translational Neurosciences Initiative, and an initiative on Translational Sciences and Clinical Research Innovation. In fall 2024, Wayne State had 23,964 students. The university provides optional housing for all students in

6681-553: The Detroit General Hospital Association. The Association included a number of prominent Detroit citizens, among whom was Henry Ford . The Association used donations from its members to purchase a site at Grand Boulevard and Hamilton, and to hire architect William Stratton to design the hospital. Construction on the original seven buildings began in 1912, but the Association soon realized that its $ 600,000 budget

SECTION 50

#1732848881049

6812-480: The Dodge brothers to accept a portion of the new company. Ford & Malcomson was reincorporated as the Ford Motor Company on June 16, 1903, with $ 28,000 capital. The original investors included Ford and Malcomson, the Dodge brothers, Malcomson's uncle John S. Gray , Malcolmson's secretary James Couzens , and two of Malcomson's lawyers, John W. Anderson and Horace Rackham . Because of Ford's volatility, Gray

6943-517: The Ford Model T automobile in 1908 is credited with having revolutionized both transportation and American industry. As the sole owner of the Ford Motor Company, Ford became one of the wealthiest persons in the world. He was also among the pioneers of the five-day work-week . Ford believed that consumerism could help to bring about world peace . His commitment to systematically lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including

7074-593: The Ford company adopted an annual model change system similar to that recently pioneered by its competitor General Motors (and still in use by automakers today). Not until the 1930s did Ford overcome his objection to finance companies, and the Ford-owned Universal Credit Corporation became a major car-financing operation. Henry Ford still resisted many technological innovations such as hydraulic brakes and all-metal roofs, which Ford vehicles did not adopt until 1935–1936. For 1932 however, Ford dropped

7205-576: The Henry Ford Hospital Campus along with its satellite Hospitals and Medical Centers. 42°22′1.3″N 83°5′3.5″W  /  42.367028°N 83.084306°W  / 42.367028; -83.084306 Wayne State University Wayne State University ( WSU ) is a public research university in Detroit , Michigan , United States. Founded in 1868, Wayne State consists of 13 schools and colleges offering approximately 375 programs. It

7336-489: The Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, and employs more than 23,000. Founded in 1915 by auto pioneer Henry Ford and now one of the nation's leading health care providers, Henry Ford Health System is a not-for-profit corporation managed by chief executive officer Wright L. Lassiter, III and governed by a 17-member Board of Trustees, with volunteer-led advisory and affiliate boards providing additional leadership. The system

7467-692: The John M. Eisenberg Patient Safety and Quality Award. The No Harm Campaign was recognized for successfully reducing harm events by 26% and system-wide mortality by 12% from 2008 to 2011. Additionally, Henry Ford Hospital received the 2010 American Hospital Association-McKesson Quest for Quality finalist award. The prize honors hospitals that have committed in a systematic manner to achieving the Institute of Medicine's six quality aims—safety, patient-centeredness, effectiveness, efficiency, timeliness, and equity. The Henry Ford Health System Police Authority provides public safety, security and general law enforcement service for

7598-463: The Model T finally convinced Ford to make a new model. He pursued the project with a great deal of interest in the design of the engine, chassis, and other mechanical necessities, while leaving the body design to his son. Although Ford fancied himself an engineering genius, he had little formal training in mechanical engineering and could not even read a blueprint. A talented team of engineers performed most of

7729-595: The Netherlands to meet with peace activists. A target of much ridicule, Ford left the ship as soon as it reached Sweden. In 1915, Ford blamed "German-Jewish bankers" for instigating the war. According to biographer Steven Watts, Ford's status as a leading industrialist gave him a worldview that warfare was wasteful folly that retarded long-term economic growth. The losing side in the war typically suffered heavy damage. Small business were especially hurt, for it takes years to recuperate. He argued in many newspaper articles that

7860-623: The Quadricycle. Also in 1896, Ford attended a meeting of Edison executives, where he was introduced to Thomas Edison . Edison approved of Ford's automobile experimentation. Encouraged by Edison, Ford designed and built a second vehicle, completing it in 1898. Backed by the capital of Detroit lumber baron William H. Murphy, Ford resigned from the Edison Company and founded the Detroit Automobile Company on August 5, 1899. However,

7991-625: The School of Fine and the Performing Arts, and the College of Urban, Labor and Metropolitan Affairs further grew the university. In the early 21st century, WSU constructed the Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), a 207,000-square-foot (19,200 m ) facility for interdisciplinary work in the biosciences . More than 500 researchers, staff and principal investigators work out of the building, which opened in 2016. In 2013, M. Roy Wilson became Wayne State's 12th president. In 2018,

SECTION 60

#1732848881049

8122-674: The TechTown area of New Center. Ford has partnered with for-profit behavioral health system Acadia Healthcare to operate some of its facilities. In 2011, Henry Ford Health System was one of four recipients of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award , presented by the president of the United States. In the same year, the hospital was selected by the National Quality Forum and The Joint Commission to receive

8253-512: The UAW representatives, the supervising police chief on the scene was Carl Brooks, an alumnus of Bennett's Service Department, and Brooks "did not give orders to intervene". The following day photographs of the injured UAW members appeared in newspapers, later becoming known as The Battle of the Overpass . In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Edsel—who was president of the company—thought Ford had to come to

8384-611: The United States, according to the American Library Association . Wayne State received $ 352.6 million in research awards in 2023. Wayne State University, Michigan State University and the University of Michigan are the three institutional members of the State of Michigan's University Research Corridor . The university's Division of Research & Innovation includes several centers, institutes and thematic initiatives, including

8515-487: The Vattikuti Urology Institute, under the direction of doctor of medicine Mani Menon, was the first in the United States to perform surgery using a robotic system for the treatment of prostate cancer: the first outpatient robotic prostatectomy. Also in 2001, doctors at Henry Ford Hospital became the first in Michigan to use gene therapy for the treatment of brain tumors. In 2005, doctor Scott Dulchavsky, chair of

8646-517: The actual work of designing the Model A (and later the flathead V8) with Ford supervising them closely and giving them overall direction. Edsel also managed to prevail over his father's initial objections in the inclusion of a sliding-shift transmission. The result was the Ford Model A , introduced in December 1927 and produced through 1931, with a total output of more than four million. Subsequently,

8777-419: The age of 16 to find work in Detroit . It was a few years before this time that Ford first experienced automobiles, and throughout the later half of the 1880s, he began repairing and later constructing engines, and through the 1890s worked with a division of Edison Electric . He founded the Ford Motor Company in 1903 after prior failures in business, but success in constructing automobiles. The introduction of

8908-538: The attacks of misguided people from both left and right (i.e., both socialists and bad-manager reactionaries), the good managers would create a socio-economic system wherein neither bad management nor bad unions could find enough support to continue existing. To forestall union activity, Ford promoted Harry Bennett , a former Navy boxer, to head the Service Department. Bennett employed various intimidation tactics to quash union organizing. On March 7, 1932, during

9039-732: The automobiles produced were of a lower quality and higher price than Ford wanted. Ultimately, the company was not successful and was dissolved in January 1901. With the help of C. Harold Wills , Ford designed, built, and successfully raced a 26- horsepower automobile in October 1901. With this success, Murphy and other stockholders in the Detroit Automobile Company formed the Henry Ford Company on November 30, 1901, with Ford as chief engineer. In 1902, Murphy brought in Henry M. Leland as

9170-417: The aviation business during World War I , building Liberty engines . After the war, it returned to auto manufacturing until 1925, when Ford acquired the Stout Metal Airplane Company . Ford's most successful aircraft was the Ford 4AT Trimotor , often called the "Tin Goose" because of its corrugated metal construction. It used a new alloy called Alclad that combined the corrosion resistance of aluminum with

9301-450: The book The International Jew . He opposed his country's entry into World War II , and served for a time on board of the America First Committee . After his son Edsel died in 1943, Ford resumed control of the company, but was too frail to make decisions and quickly came under the control of several of his subordinates. He turned over the company to his grandson Henry Ford II in 1945. Upon his death in 1947, he left most of his wealth to

9432-432: The broad workable plan of investment and participation will do more to solidify the industry and strengthen the organization than will any social work on the outside. Without changing the principle we have changed the method of payment." In addition to raising his workers' wages, Ford also introduced a new, reduced workweek in 1926. The decision was made in 1922, when Ford and Crowther described it as six 8-hour days, giving

9563-498: The campus in 1924, and were organized into the College of the City of Detroit. The original junior college became the College of Liberal Arts. The first bachelor's degrees were awarded in 1925. The College of Liberal Arts of the College of the City of Detroit became the Wayne State University College of Liberal Arts and Sciences . Recognizing the need for a good law school, a group of lawyers, including Allan Campbell,

9694-421: The company rather than cooperate. Still, his wife Clara told him she would leave him if he destroyed the family business. In her view, it would not be worth the chaos it would create. Ford complied with his wife's ultimatum and even agreed with her in retrospect. Overnight, the Ford Motor Company went from the most stubborn holdout among automakers to the one with the most favorable UAW contract terms. The contract

9825-503: The country, making the Ford brand known throughout the United States. Ford also was one of the early backers of the Indianapolis 500 . In 1909, Ford submitted for patent application for his invention for a new transmission mechanism. It was awarded a patent in 1911. The Model T debuted on October 1, 1908. It had the steering wheel on the left, which every other company soon copied. The entire engine and transmission were enclosed;

9956-440: The decisions of his son. Ford started another company, Henry Ford and Son, and made a show of taking himself and his best employees to the new company; the goal was to scare the remaining holdout stockholders of the Ford Motor Company to sell their stakes to him before they lost most of their value. (He was determined to have full control over strategic decisions.) The ruse worked, and Henry and Edsel purchased all remaining stock from

10087-673: The department of Surgery at Henry Ford Hospital, expanded uses for ultrasound technology for physicians and non-medical personnel; these procedures can be used as an accurate diagnostic tool when coupled with the Internet, a telephone or wireless transmission of ultrasound images to experts from a patient in rural areas or in space. Also in 2005, Henry Ford Medical Group began using e-prescribing to cut prescription costs and improve quality. HFMG physicians now write more than 20,000 electronic prescriptions weekly, helping improve their overall generic use rate by 7.3 percent. In 2008, Henry Ford Hospital became

10218-496: The development of endemic goiters . Eventually salt for human use was iodized by law. In 1931, while at Henry Ford Hospital, Dr. A. Robert Bauer MD's efforts in incubator development led to the successful combination of oxygen, heat, humidity, ease of accessibility, and ease of nursing care into a single apparatus. In 1940, Dr. Conrad Lam was the first physician in the United States to administer purified heparin to treat clotting of veins. In 1942, Henry Ford Hospital became one of

10349-427: The expense of trolley wires , and "no storage battery was in sight of a weight that was practical." In 1885, Ford repaired an Otto engine , and in 1887 he built a four-cycle model with a one-inch bore and a three-inch stroke . In 1890, Ford started work on a two-cylinder engine. Ford said, "In 1892, I completed my first motor car, powered by a two-cylinder four horsepower motor, with a two-and-half-inch bore and

10480-470: The family farm, where he became adept at operating the Westinghouse portable steam engine . He was later hired by Westinghouse to service their steam engines. In his farm workshop, Ford built a "steam wagon or tractor" and a steam car, but thought "steam was not suitable for light vehicles," as "the boiler was dangerous." Ford also said that he "did not see the use of experimenting with electricity, due to

10611-413: The first hospital in southeastern Michigan to perform a new, minimally invasive procedure for back pain that spares the nerves from being nicked and back muscles from being cut. In 2009, Henry Ford Hospital received more than $ 70 million in research funding. In 2010, Henry Ford Hospital performed Michigan's first intestine transplant. The composite multivisceral transplant procedure included transplant of

10742-425: The form of apartments and residence halls. All buildings are equipped with connection to the university computer system, wireless internet, laundry rooms, activity rooms and a 24-hour help desk. There are many housing options within walking distance of the campus that are not affiliated with the university. Current university-owned apartment buildings consist of University Towers and Anthony Wayne Drive Apartments. In

10873-446: The four cylinders were cast in a solid block; the suspension used two semi-elliptic springs. The car was simple to drive, and easy and inexpensive to repair. It was so inexpensive at $ 825 in 1908 ($ 27,980 today), with the price falling every year, that by the 1920s, a majority of American drivers had learned to drive on the Model T. Ford created a huge publicity machine in Detroit to ensure every newspaper carried stories and ads about

11004-615: The gene itself was identified. Also in 1987, Henry Ford was the first in Michigan to use iodine radium implant seeds to combat cancerous cells in the prostate. In 1988, Detroit's first liver transplant was performed at Henry Ford Hospital. In 1994, Henry Ford Hospital performed the first lung transplant in the Detroit Metropolitan Area, making it the only facility in metro Detroit to perform all solid organ transplants. In 1995, Henry Ford Hospital conducted Michigan's first radiosurgery treatment for patients with inoperable tumors using

11135-569: The heart-lung machine on 15 month old Kathleen McQuillen. That same year, Henry Ford's Dr. James Barron developed the Barron Food Pump, a device used to deliver pureed food through a small nasal gastric tube. In 1967, Dr. George Mikhail performed Detroit's first Mohs Micrographic Surgery, a procedure to remove skin cancers. In 1968, the first allogenic kidney transplant in Detroit was done by Drs. D. Emerick Szilagyi, Joseph P. Elliott and Roger F. Smith. In 1973, Michigan's first renal transplant to

11266-636: The hopes of bringing more residents to campus, Wayne State opened two dormitory-style residence halls in 2002: Yousif B. Ghafari Hall (formerly North Hall) and Leon H. Atchison Hall (formerly South Hall). That was the first time since the closing of the Newberry Joy Dorms in 1987 that the university had dorm living available. In 2005, the university opened The Towers Residential Suites, a residence hall open to undergraduate and graduate students. The Towers Café, located in Towers Residential Suites,

11397-550: The hospital each academic year. The Detroit hospital and campus is led by president and CEO, Doctor of Medicine, John Popovich, Jr. Henry Ford Hospital is an 877-bed hospital located in Detroit's New Center area. The hospital is staffed by the 1,200 physicians and scientists in the Henry Ford Medical Group. The model for the Henry Ford Medical Group is the same model used at the Mayo Clinic , Johns Hopkins Hospital and

11528-417: The hospital. Henry Ford has a robust medical education program, where more than 500 residents in 40 specialties train every day. One-third of all physicians in Michigan receive training at Henry Ford, and its post-graduate medical education enterprise is among the largest in the country. Research programs at Henry Ford Hospital have total annual funding exceeding $ 70 million. The National Institutes of Health

11659-480: The institution became mandated by an amendment to the Michigan Constitution in 1959. The Wayne State University Board of Governors created the Institute of Gerontology in 1965 in response to a State of Michigan mandate. The institute's primary mission in that era was to engage in research, education and service in the field of aging. Wayne State University in 1973 added the College of Lifelong Learning. In 1985,

11790-450: The low-end market. Although Henry Ford was against replacing the Model T, now 16 years old, Chevrolet was mounting a bold new challenge as GM's entry-level division in the company's price ladder. Ford also resisted the increasingly popular idea of payment plans for cars. With Model T sales starting to slide, Ford was forced to relent and approve work on a successor model, shutting down production for 18 months. During this time, Ford constructed

11921-506: The minimum daily pay from $ 2.34 to $ 5 for qualifying male workers. Detroit was already a high-wage city, but competitors were forced to raise wages or lose their best workers. Ford's policy proved that paying employees more would enable them to afford the cars they were producing and thus boost the local economy. He viewed the increased wages as profit-sharing linked with rewarding those who were most productive and of good character. It may have been James Couzens who convinced Ford to adopt

12052-473: The new Mike Ilitch School of Business facility opened in The District Detroit. In 2023, Kimberly Andrews Espy became Wayne State's 13th president. Wayne State's main campus in Detroit encompasses 203 acres (0.82 km ) of landscaped walkways and gathering spots linking over 100 education and research buildings. The campus is urban and features many architecturally significant buildings, including

12183-455: The new product. Ford's network of local dealers made the car ubiquitous in almost every city in North America. As independent dealers, the franchises grew rich and publicized not just the Ford but also the concept of automobiling; local motor clubs sprang up to help new drivers and encourage them to explore the countryside. Ford was always eager to sell to farmers, who looked at the vehicle as

12314-472: The other investors, thus giving the family sole ownership of the company. In 1922, Ford also purchased Lincoln Motor Co. , founded by Cadillac founder Henry Leland and his son Wilfred during World War I. The Lelands briefly stayed to manage the company, but were soon expelled from it. Despite this acquisition of a premium car maker, Henry displayed relatively little enthusiasm for luxury automobiles in contrast to Edsel, who actively sought to expand Ford into

12445-440: The pacifist Rosika Schwimmer gained favor with Ford, who agreed to fund a Peace Ship to Europe, where World War I was raging. He led 170 other peace activists. Ford's Episcopalian pastor, Reverend Samuel S. Marquis, accompanied him on the mission. Marquis headed Ford's Sociology Department from 1913 to 1921. Ford talked to President Woodrow Wilson about the mission but had no government support. His group went to neutral Sweden and

12576-455: The patient's small bowel, stomach, and pancreas. Researchers at Henry Ford Health System report that patients with chronic hepatitis C who are treated with direct-acting antiviral medications are less likely to be hospitalized for liver and non-liver related health issues. Henry Ford Hospital sits on a 34-acre (14 ha) campus at the western edge of the New Center area. The main hospital

12707-464: The preceding 25 years and hired Benjamin L. Smith of the New York firm Vorhees, Walker, Foley and Smith to design a new clinic tower, construction of which began in 1951. The new clinic building opened in 1953 however construction returned to the campus in 1957 when Albert Kahn Associates designed an addition of two floors for the main building. In 1951, doctors Conrad Lam and Edward Munnell developed

12838-456: The price dropped to $ 360 for the basic touring car, sales reached 472,000. By 1918, half of all cars in the United States were Model Ts. All new cars were black; as Ford wrote in his autobiography, "Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black." Until the development of the assembly line, which mandated black because of its quicker drying time, Model Ts were available in other colors, including red. The design

12969-513: The program small. A student poll selected the name of "Tartars" for the school's teams in 1927. In 1999, the university changed the name to the "Warriors." Wayne State competes in men's baseball, basketball, cross country, fencing, football, golf, swimming and diving, and tennis, and women's basketball, cross country, fencing, golf, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. WSU participates in NCAA Division II in

13100-553: The rear to give the building a U-shaped footprint. The foundation and first floor are clad in limestone, and the center double-door entrance is reached by a large set of steps. The entire building uses one-over-one symmetric-paired double-hung windows. The Education Building is located near the Clara Ford Nurse's Home, and is built in a similar Georgian Revival style. The clinic tower is a 17-story rectangular red brick building, extending 11 by 17 bays of evenly spaced windows from

13231-402: The same year, the first extracorporal shock wave lithotripsy in Michigan was performed at Henry Ford. This non-invasive procedure breaks kidney stones into sand-like grains which are easily passed from the body. In 1987, Dr. Charles Jackson and other Henry Ford Hospital and Yale researchers identified the location of a gene on chromosome 10, linked to hereditary medullary thyroid cancer . In 1993,

13362-456: The school's founding dean, established Detroit City Law School in 1927 as part of the College of the City of Detroit. Originally structured as a part-time evening program, the school's first class graduated with the bachelor of laws degree (LL.B.) in 1928 and achieved full American Bar Association accreditation in 1939. The school became Wayne State University Law School . In 1933, the Detroit Board of Education voted to unify its colleges into

13493-613: The school's major assets is the Richard J. Mazurek, M.D., Medical Education Commons, which was designed specifically for students and houses classrooms, student services divisions, the medical library and the Kado Family Clinical Skills Center, a sophisticated patient simulation center. For the Class of 2025 (enrolled fall 2021), Wayne State received 15,305 applications and accepted 9,603 (62.7%). Of those accepted, 2,732 enrolled,

13624-429: The second through sixteenth floors. The seventeenth floor has narrower windows spaced more closely and is faced in the exterior in limestone. The exterior has little detail. On the roof is a two-story penthouse, also faced in limestone, which houses mechanical and ventilation equipment. In 1971, the hospital added a tower to the east of the clinic to house additional elevators, stairways and office space. The exterior of

13755-552: The south deck), the 1975 apartment building, the 1974 Benson Ford Education and Research Center, the 1978 Eleanor Clay Ford Pavilion, the 1978 Power House, and the 1997 West Pavilion. In 2017, the Henry Ford Health System announced the start of a second development on its evolving 300-acre South Campus site in New Center , with the construction of a new $ 150 million, 187,000-square-foot, six-story, Brigitte Harris Cancer Pavilion , scheduled to open in early 2020, along with

13886-424: The spring of 1893 the machine was running to my partial satisfaction and giving an opportunity further to test out the design and material on the road." Between 1895 and 1896, Ford drove that machine about 1000 miles. He then started a second car in 1896, eventually building three of them in his home workshop. Ford married Clara Jane Bryant (1866–1950) on April 11, 1888, and supported himself by farming and running

14017-528: The stadium, was first installed in 2006. Mondo surfacing was added to the track in 2011. The Wayne State Fieldhouse, a 70,000-square-foot arena with seating for 3,000 fans, opened in October 2021. The arena is home to Wayne State's basketball teams as well as the Detroit Pistons' G League team, the Motor City Cruise . In 2000, Wayne State, Henry Ford Health and General Motors Co. launched TechTown ,

14148-409: The strength of duralumin . The plane was similar to Fokker 's V.VII–3m. The Trimotor first flew on June 11, 1926, and was the first successful U.S. passenger airliner, accommodating about 12 passengers in a rather uncomfortable fashion. Several variants were also used by the U.S. Army . The Smithsonian Institution has honored Ford for changing the aviation industry. 199 Trimotors were built before it

14279-428: The surrounding two bays clad in limestone. The main hospital is a six-story brick building, with a large central octagonal tower flanked by symmetrical wings. The wings end in perpendicular pavilions, giving the entire structure an H-footprint. The front of the tower is five bays wide, with angled sides three bays wide. Each bay contains a single window at the third through sixth floors. The fifth and sixth floors of

14410-445: The three-dimensional x-knife system. In 1996, Henry Ford Hospital performed the state's first split-liver transplant, during which a donor's liver was split in two and the separate pieces transplanted into two patients. In 1998, Henry Ford Hospital became the first hospital in Michigan to offer genetic testing for breast cancer. In 2000, Henry Ford Hospital performed Michigan's first adult-to-adult, living donor liver transplant. In 2001,

14541-417: The tower is faced with red brick and metal panels. The south parking deck is faced with distinctive twisted concrete slabs on the upper four levels, with the twist alternating in direction from floor to floor. The first floor is clad in red brick, and two red brick stair towers are located on the south and west sides. Other buildings on the campus include the 1965 north parking deck (similar in appearance to

14672-452: The university consisted of 23,964 students, which includes 3,949 first-year students. Wayne State offers approximately 375 undergraduate, postgraduate, specialist and certificate programs in 13 schools and colleges. The Mike Ilitch School of Business offers undergraduate degrees and graduate degrees, including the M.B.A. and M.S. as well as a Ph.D. The college also offers undergraduate and graduate certificates. The programs are accredited by

14803-577: The upscale market. The original Lincoln Model L that the Lelands had introduced in 1920 was also kept in production, untouched for a decade until it became too outdated. It was replaced by the modernized Model K in 1931. By the mid-1920s, General Motors was rapidly rising as the leading American automobile manufacturer. GM president Alfred Sloan established the company's "price ladder" whereby GM would offer an automobile for "every purse and purpose" in contrast to Ford's lack of interest in anything outside

14934-456: The wings were added in 1957, but match the original building in appearance. Each wing has nine bays, with the center three being a stone-clad porch (now filled with aluminum windows). The end pavilions extend nine bays perpendicularly. The Clara Ford Nurse's Home is a 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story red brick Georgian Revival structure with a clay tile roof. The building extends for an entire block, with perpendicular sections at each end extending to

15065-436: The world's largest fortunes without ever having his company audited under his administration. Without an accounting department, Ford had no way of knowing exactly how much money was being taken in and spent each month, and the company's bills and invoices were reportedly guessed at by weighing them on a scale. Not until 1956 would Ford be a publicly-traded company. Also, at Edsel's insistence, Ford launched Mercury in 1939 as

15196-410: The world. The robotic prostate surgery was created at Henry Ford and more than 5,000 men have had successful robotic prostate surgery. In 2009, Henry Ford Hospital opened 24 new private intensive care rooms, bringing its total to 156 intensive care rooms at the Detroit campus, more than any other hospital in Michigan. The opening of the new floor is the final piece of a two-story, $ 35 million addition at

15327-409: Was a child and she was adopted by neighbors, the O'Herns. Henry Ford's siblings were John Ford (1865–1927); Margaret Ford (1867–1938); Jane Ford (c. 1868–1945); William Ford (1871–1917) and Robert Ford (1873–1877). Ford finished eighth grade at a one-room school , Springwells Middle School. He never attended high school ; he later took a bookkeeping course at a commercial school. His father gave him

15458-465: Was an American industrialist and business magnate . As the founder of the Ford Motor Company , he is credited as a pioneer in making automobiles affordable for middle-class Americans through the system that came to be known as Fordism . In 1911, he was awarded a patent for the transmission mechanism that would be used in the Ford Model T and other automobiles. Ford was born in a farmhouse in Springwells Township , Michigan , and left home at

15589-656: Was between 21 and 28. Together with Michigan State University , Michigan Technological University , Kalamazoo College , Hillsdale College , Calvin University and Hope College , Wayne State is one of the seven college-sponsors of the National Merit Scholarship Program in the state. The university sponsored 9 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020. In the 2020–2021 academic year, 10 freshman students were National Merit Scholars . For fall 2022, Wayne State University Law School received 851 applications and accepted 302 (35.49%). Of those accepted, 125 enrolled,

15720-488: Was complete. In 1918, Ford loaned the semi-completed building to the US government, and it was used as U.S. Army General Hospital Number 36 until late 1919. Construction was completed after the war, in 1921. In 1923, under the direction of Dr. Thomas J. Heldt, Henry Ford Hospital became one of the first American general hospitals to establish a psychiatric unit . In 1935, Dr. Roy McClure began adding iodine to kitchen salt to prevent

15851-514: Was devastated when his mother died in 1876. His father expected him to take over the family farm eventually, but he despised farm work. He later wrote, "I never had any particular love for the farm—it was the mother on the farm I loved." In 1879, Ford left home to work as an apprentice machinist in Detroit, first with James F. Flower & Brothers, and later with the Detroit Dry Dock Company. In 1882, he returned to Dearborn to work on

15982-584: Was discontinued in 1933, when the Ford Airplane Division shut down because of poor sales during the Great Depression . In 1985, Ford was posthumously inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame for his impact on the industry. Ford opposed war, which he viewed as a terrible waste, and supported causes that opposed military intervention . Ford became highly critical of those who he felt financed war, and he tried to stop them. In 1915,

16113-413: Was elected president of the company. Ford then demonstrated a newly designed car on the ice of Lake St. Clair , driving 1 mile (1.6 km) in 39.4 seconds and setting a new land speed record at 91.3 miles per hour (146.9 kilometres per hour). Convinced by this success, race driver Barney Oldfield , who named this new Ford model " 999 " in honor of the fastest locomotive of the day, took the car around

16244-401: Was established in 1917 by director of athletics David L. Holmes, who initially coached all sports. His track teams were nationally known into the 1950s; in his first 10 years, he produced two Olympians from the school's Victorian-era gym. Although he had major ambitions for Wayne and scheduled such teams as Notre Dame and Penn State in the 1920s, the lack of facilities and money for athletics kept

16375-499: Was far too small to complete the hospital. However, in 1914, Henry Ford offered to complete the project and pay off the original donors, in exchange for complete control. The Association accepted, and construction continued. The original seven buildings—a service building, power house, garage, private patient building, surgical pavilion, and two other small buildings—were completed by 1915, and Henry Ford Hospital opened its doors to patients on October 1. Henry Ford organized

16506-418: Was fervently promoted and defended by Ford, and production continued as late as 1927; the final total production was 15,007,034. This record stood for the next 45 years, and was achieved in 19 years from the introduction of the first Model T (1908). Henry Ford turned the presidency of Ford Motor Company over to his son Edsel Ford in December 1918. Henry retained final decision authority and sometimes reversed

16637-629: Was good for business, giving workers additional time to purchase and consume more goods. However, charitable concerns also played a role. Ford explained, "It is high time to rid ourselves of the notion that leisure for workmen is either 'lost time' or a class privilege." Ford was adamantly against labor unions . He explained his views on unions in Chapter 18 of My Life and Work . He thought they were too heavily influenced by leaders who would end up doing more harm than good for workers despite their ostensible good motives. Most wanted to restrict productivity as

16768-540: Was highly controversial, and he soon backed off from the most intrusive aspects. By the time he wrote his 1922 memoir, he spoke of the Social Department and the private conditions for profit-sharing in the past tense. He admitted that "paternalism has no place in the industry. Welfare work that consists in prying into employees' private concerns is out of date. Men need counsel and men need help, often special help; and all this ought to be rendered for decency's sake. But

16899-629: Was signed in June 1941. About a year later, Ford told Walter Reuther, "It was one of the most sensible things Harry Bennett ever did when he got the UAW into this plant." Reuther inquired, "What do you mean?" Ford replied, "Well, you've been fighting General Motors and the Wall Street crowd. Now you're in here and we've given you a union shop and more than you got out of them. That puts you on our side, doesn't it? We can fight General Motors and Wall Street together, eh?" Like other automobile companies, Ford entered

17030-470: Was suspended in 2010 after an incident that seriously injured 22-year-old student Eric Walker. He was repeatedly beaten during hazing rituals. The official student newspaper is The South End . The university hosts the public radio station WDET and runs the student online radio station WAYN. The WSU Alumni Association publishes the Wayne State magazine. The school's intercollegiate athletic program

17161-520: Was to make sure no agreements were ever reached. The Ford Motor Company was the last Detroit automaker to recognize the UAW, despite pressure from the rest of the U.S. automotive industry and even the U.S. government. A sit-down strike by the UAW union in April 1941 closed the River Rouge Plant . Sorensen recounted that a distraught Henry Ford was very close to following through with a threat to break up

#48951