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62-580: Leung Chun-ying GBM GBS JP KCM ( Chinese : 梁振英 ; born 12 August 1954), also known as CY Leung , is a Hong Kong politician and chartered surveyor who has served as vice-chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference since March 2017. He was previously the third Chief Executive of Hong Kong between 2012 and 2017. A surveyor by profession, Leung entered politics when he joined

124-459: A complex share swap, Leung emerged as owner of 4.61% of the 200-year-old London listed property consultancy DTZ Holdings. The deal involved HK$ 330 million cash and a share deal with Leung. In 2007, DTZ Holdings, replete with a US$ 400 million fund, expanded into the property market in mainland China. This fund was to be passed through Leung's regional company DTZ Asia Pacific. In October 2011, one month before Leung announced his candidacy for

186-545: A deal in which UGL bought DTZ Holdings (the insolvent property services firm he was associated with), whose prospects depended on his network of managers and clients in Hong Kong and mainland China. Australian media also revealed that on the same day Leung signed the agreement, China's state-owned Tianjin Innovation Financial Investment Company had made a bid that valued DTZ at GBP100 million more than

248-715: A deal." Under one country, two systems , Hong Kong has three branches of government as codified in the Basic Law . Zhang Xiaoming , the director of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government , sparked controversy in Hong Kong after claiming in September 2015 that the Chief Executive of Hong Kong has a "special legal position which overrides administrative, legislative and judicial organs" and that separation of powers

310-829: A middle-ranking government official in Shanghai and a former member of the Communist Youth League . Despite the centuries-long history of Cantonese as the de facto spoken language of Hong Kong, Leung made his inaugural speech in Mandarin , spoken in Mainland China. This was in stark contrast to his predecessor, Sir Donald Tsang , who made his inaugural speech in Cantonese in July 2007. Leung's popularity ratings have been continuously low since his election. In October 2013, only 31 percent of

372-624: A research centre in the city. On 16 February, a popular tabloid magazine Next Magazine revealed that Leung's son Chuen-yan had recently been awarded a fellowship from an independent foundation to research heart disease therapeutics at KI in Stockholm beginning that year, and raised questions about the "intricate relationship between the chief executive and powerful individuals". CY Leung had visited KI when in Sweden in 2014, and subsequently introduced KI president Anders Hamsten to Lau. The Democratic Party urged

434-528: A second term, becoming the first Chief Executive not to do so. Leung was born at Queen Mary Hospital , the teaching hospital of University of Hong Kong , in Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong on 12 August 1954 to Leung Zung-Jan and Kong Sau-Zi of Shandong origin. His father was a Hong Kong police officer who had stationed at the Government House . Leung earned a scholarship to study at King's College , where he

496-426: A teacher who had been de-registered for using Hong Kong independence materials in class should also be publicly identified. In addition, he said that teachers should "serve in accordance with the national security law." On 13 October 2020, Leung publicly released the details of 18 teachers and tutors who were charged in the 2019-2020 Hong Kong protests , including naming some of their schools. On 19 December 2020, it

558-506: Is "not suitable for Hong Kong". Beijing had previously described, in 2012, the role of Hong Kong judges as "administrators, whose basic political requirement [...] is loving the country". After Zhang's statement, Leung Chun-ying subsequently affirmed that his position is "transcendent" of the branches of the state. The statements, which contradict the Basic Law, were widely criticised in Hong Kong. Chief Justice Geoffrey Ma responded that no one

620-633: Is above the law. The Hong Kong Bar Association stated that it "firmly believes that the common law principle of separation of powers will continue to be implemented within the constitutional framework of the Basic Law" and that the chief executive "cannot be said to be above the law [...] irrespective of the description of the political role". Alan Leong , leader of the Civic Party , accused Zhang of trying to provoke radicalisation in Hong Kong by stirring controversy. Legislator James Tien said that Leung should clarify his comment, because "obviously his authority

682-664: Is not above the executive, the legislature and the Judiciary". Video of Leung's speech went viral on social media as Leung's media director, standing at his side, can be seen raising his eyebrows in visible disbelief when Leung asserts his "transcendence" of the branches of government. Leung was widely expected to run for re-election as Chief Executive in 2017. However, on 9 December 2016, he announced that he would not run, citing his desire to take care of his family and not to put his family through his "electioneering". In May 2020, Leung said that HSBC should publicly voice its support for

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744-577: Is the highest award under the Hong Kong honours and awards system ; it is to recognise the selected person's lifelong and highly significant contribution to the well-being of Hong Kong. The awardee is entitled to the postnominal letters GBM and the style The Honourable . The award was created in 1997 to replace the British honours system , following the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China and

806-452: The Basic Law . In March 2021, Leung claimed that "In Hong Kong, by pushing on the democracy envelope too far, and by attempting to chip away the authority of Beijing in, for example, appointing the chief executive, many of the so-called democrats have become, in practice, separatists." Additionally in the same month, Leung inferred that the country and communist party are synonymous, claiming that "Many friends in Hong Kong, including some from

868-553: The Election Committee and with the support of the Liaison Office . At the beginning of his administration, Leung faced the anti- Moral and National Education protests and the Hong Kong Television Network protests. In 2014, Leung's government faced widespread civil disobedience targeting the government's constitutional reform proposals ; the movement gained global attention as the "Umbrella Revolution". After

930-553: The Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee (HKBLCC) in 1985 and became its secretary-general in 1988. In 1999, he was appointed the convenor of the Executive Council of Hong Kong , a position he held until 2011, when he resigned to run in the 2012 Chief Executive election . Initially regarded as the underdog, Leung ran a successful campaign against front-runner Henry Tang , receiving 689 votes from

992-533: The National Security Law , also saying "HSBC's China business can be replaced by banks from China or other countries overnight." In October 2020, Leung announced that he would start a judicial review, though his company 803 Funds Limited, to force the Education Bureau to publicly identify teachers found guilty over incidents during the 2019-2020 Hong Kong protests . He also said during an interview that

1054-468: The "secret transaction" signed a few days before his election, expressing concerns of potential conflicts of interest and fraudulent preference . Prosecutors from Hong Kong's Independent Commission Against Corruption started investigations into this scandal, as did authorities in Australia. The abrupt and unprecedented sacking of Rebecca Li Bo-lan, a 30-year veteran graft-buster and the first female head of

1116-535: The 1,009 participants in the HKU poll said they supported Leung as the city's leader, while 55 percent disapproved of him – an increase of 6 percentage points from the previous month's poll. Leung accepted HKD50 million in a deal with Australian engineering firm UGL in 2011. On 8 October 2014, an Australian newspaper revealed how the contract was made, but Leung has denied having done anything morally or legally wrong. He sidestepped key questions, such as why he did not declare

1178-591: The 1,200-member appointed election committee. Henry Tang garnered 285 votes and the third candidate, Democrat Albert Ho , just 76, of a total of 1,132 valid votes received. Upon his selection, the online version of the People's Daily addressed Leung as "Comrade Leung Chun-ying". When the Chinese mass media pointed out that the title Comrade (or tongzhi , 同志) is reserved by the party for its own members, and that neither Tung Chee-hwa nor Donald Tsang had been thus addressed,

1240-545: The 2014 protests, Leung's government had to deal with the 2016 Mong Kok civil unrest . During his election campaign and governance, Leung also faced allegations related to his receipt of HK$ 50 million payment by UGL (see Leung Chun-ying–UGL agreement ), which prompted initial investigations by Parliament in Australia. Leung's tenure coincided with the rise of social instability, localism in Hong Kong , and an independence movement for Hong Kong's separation from Chinese sovereignty. In December 2016, Leung announced he would not seek

1302-648: The Australian newspaper The Age revealed details of an agreement Leung had signed on 2 December 2011, which entitled him to payment of £ 4 million from UGL in exchange for his supporting the acquisition of DTZ group assets by UGL, for not competing with UGL/DTZ and making himself available to provide advisory services for a period of two years from that date. The Age newspaper report stated that "the payments were made in two instalments, in 2012 and 2013, after he became Hong Kong's top official'' but were not declared on Leung's register of interests. The payments relate to

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1364-603: The Chief-Executive Elect as Campaign Manager. During the campaign, rumours persistently resurfaced that Leung was a closet member of the Chinese Communist Party . Section 31 of Chief Executive Election Ordinance (Chapter 569) stipulates that a CE election winner must "publicly make a statutory declaration to the effect that he is not a member of any political party". Martin Lee , a pro-democracy politician, questioned

1426-699: The Grand Bauhinia Medal Awards established in 1997 Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Articles containing Chinese-language text Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors It was formally established in April 1984 with 85 founding members. It is the only professional surveying body incorporated by ordinance in Hong Kong. As of February 2017, membership exceeds 9,776, with more than 6,288 corporate members. The first president of

1488-655: The HKBLCC and HKBLDC. In 1989, the NHKA put forward an ultra-conservative proposal for the electoral methods for the Chief Executive and Legislative Council of the SAR. Then-Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa appointed Leung as the convenor of the Executive Council in 1998, replacing his predecessor Chung Sze-yuen . During Tung's 1997 policy address , he proposed that the government would build no less than 85,000 flats every year, allowing 70% of

1550-613: The HKIS or the RCIS may join the other organization after one year of working in Hong Kong. The General Council governs the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors and oversees the functions and activities of the Divisions, Young Surveyors Group, Board of Membership, Board of Education, Board of Professional Development, Surveyors Times Editorial Board, Surveying and Built Environment Editorial Board, and

1612-579: The Hong Kong Chief Executive post, his company DTZ was hit by a liquidity crisis. Following this, after informing the London Stock Exchange that its shares were worthless, the board of DTZ, including Leung, agreed to sell DTZ to UGL . On 24 November 2011, Leung resigned as director from the board of DTZ and on 28 November 2011 announced his candidacy for the Hong Kong Chief Executive election. In October 2014, investigative reporters from

1674-687: The ICAC investigative unit appointed in June 2015, fuelled suspicions of Leung's attempts to impede investigation. In 1985, Leung joined the Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee (HKBLCC), a 180-member body nominated by the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee (HKBLDC), that was to consult with Hong Kong people regarding various drafts of the Hong Kong Basic Law . The working of the BLCC

1736-432: The ICAC to investigate the donation, suggesting that Leung may have used his public position to further his son's career. The Chief Executive's Office strenuously denied suggestions of any quid pro quo, saying that "the admission of the [Chief Executive's] son to post-doctoral research at KI is an independent decision by KI having regard to his professional standards. He [the son] plays no role and does not hold any position at

1798-472: The Project Officer in his Transitional Office stirred up further criticism among the public of Hong Kong. Chen has resided in Hong Kong for less than seven years, the minimum time period which foreigners are required to reside to apply for permanent residence. Chen is a former General Secretary of the pro-Beijing Hong Kong Young Elites Association ( 香港菁英會 ), of which Leung is a patron. Chen is the daughter of

1860-691: The University staff had scored Leung less than one point on a scale of 10. During his tenure as chairman, Leung was accused of attempts to weaken the power of the staff association. In 2011, there were confrontations between police and demonstrators after the annual 1 July march amid public opposition to the government's draft legislation to eliminate by-elections for vacated Legco seats. Leung responded by saying that such rowdy rallies should be "sanctioned and restrained". On 28 November 2011, Leung officially announced his candidacy for Chief Executive of Hong Kong, two years after he had first hinted at his interest in

1922-875: The World . Retrieved 8 June 2011 . ^ Protocol Division Government Secretariat. "General Awards" . Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012 . Retrieved 8 June 2011 . ^ "Removal of Honours" (PDF) . Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette . 22 (9). 2 March 2018 . Retrieved 4 March 2018 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Bauhinia_Medal&oldid=1254689421 " Categories : Orders, decorations, and medals of Hong Kong Lists of Hong Kong people Recipients of

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1984-560: The [proposed] Ming Wai Lau Center for Regenerative Medicine. This accusation has been questioned by the South China Morning Post . "The insinuation is that Leung Chuen-yan with a doctorate from Cambridge doesn't deserve his job at the Karolinska Institute...Leung the son probably could get similar junior posts in many other prestigious-sounding – at least to brand-obsessed Hongkongers – research institutes; it's not that big

2046-645: The age of 30, he was made vice-chairman of the JLW branch in Hong Kong, and was reported to be making a yearly salary of HK$ 10 million. Leung became the real estate advisor for Zhu Rongji when Zhu was mayor and party chief in Shanghai from 1987 to 1991. Zhu later became the Vice-Premier and then the 5th Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003. Later, in 2013, Leung appointed Levin Zhu Yunlai ,

2108-500: The bid by UGL, but that this more valuable bid was rejected by the DTZ board, which included Leung, and not released to shareholders. In December 2012, nine months after winning the Hong Kong Chief Executive election, Leung received the first tranche from UGL. Following the Fairfax Media revelations of this agreement and the rejected competitive bid, many more questioned Leung's integrity in

2170-613: The chairman of Tung Chee-hwa's campaign office. Tung was re-elected uncontestedly as a result. He was also a member of the National Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and only submitted his resignation one week prior to assuming his office of the Chief Executive of Hong Kong in 2012. He is currently the chairman and sits on the board of directors of the pro-Beijing One Country Two Systems Research Institute . In 1999, Leung took over

2232-599: The citizens to own a house within 10 years. However, the proposal was put on hold in the wake of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis . As convenor of the Executive Council, CY Leung has been questioned many times regarding this policy plan over the years. The 1997 pledge was not met. In 1999, Leung was awarded the Gold Bauhinia Star by the Hong Kong Government. In the 2002 Chief Executive election , Leung became

2294-530: The elder son of former premier Zhu Rongji, as an advisor in the Hong Kong Government's Financial Services Development Council. From 1995 to 1996, Leung was the president of the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors . He is a former chairman of the Hong Kong branch of Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors . After holding the post, Leung became an honorary advisor for the local governments of Shenzhen , Tianjian and Shanghai on land reform. He has also taken up

2356-491: The election system to allow only "patriots" to serve in the government could lead the way to universal suffrage, despite the election committee given potential powers to filter candidates from the Legislative Council. In May 2021, Leung revived an earlier plan to build housing on less than 100 hectares of land on the fringes of country parks to in an attempt solve issues of housing in Hong Kong . Earlier in 2018, when

2418-485: The epithet "Comrade" was removed from the page. After his selection, a number of illegal or unauthorised structures were found at Leung's house, in a reprise of the scandal involving an illegal basement that had badly hit the campaign of his rival, Tang, and for which Leung had roundly criticised Tang. The issue dominated the period around his taking up the post. Leung's structures were to be demolished. Chief Executive contender Albert Ho challenged Leung's legal legitimacy as

2480-3954: The establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region . The list was empty because no one was awarded from 2003 to 2004. Bauhinia, Bauhinia blakeana , is the floral emblem of Hong Kong. List of recipients [ edit ] 1997 [ edit ] Ann Tse-kai Lee Quo-wei Simon Li Elsie Tu Cha Chi Ming Tsui Sze-man Chuang Shih-ping Wong Ker-lee Tsang Hin-chi Henry Fok Chung Sze-yuen Lo Tak-shing 1998 [ edit ] Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales Ng Hong-mun Run Run Shaw Wong Po-yan 1999 [ edit ] Lee Chark-tim Anson Chan Yang Ti-liang Sidney Gordon William Purves 2000 [ edit ] Henry Litton Charles Ching Mo Kwan-nin Jin Yong Jao Tsung-I 2001 [ edit ] Harry Fang Li Ka-shing Yeung Kwong 2002 [ edit ] Donald Tsang Elsie Leung David Akers-Jones Chang-Lin Tien 2005 [ edit ] Lau Wong-fat Chiang Chen 2006 [ edit ] Charles Lee Leo Lee Tung-hai Tung Chee Hwa 2007 [ edit ] Rita Fan Rafael Hui (Revoked in 2018 ) David Li Lee Shau-kee 2008 [ edit ] Andrew Li Henry Hu Cheng Yu-tung Chan Sui-kau 2009 [ edit ] Henry Tang Hari Harilela Joseph Yam 2010 [ edit ] John Tsang Ronald Arculli Edward Leong Stanley Ho Victor Fung Tin Ka Ping Charles K. Kao 2011 [ edit ] Leung Chun-ying Allan Zeman 2012 [ edit ] Geoffrey Ma Stephen Lam Wong Yan-lung Kemal Bokhary Peter Woo Lui Che-woo 2013 [ edit ] Patrick Chan Anthony Mason Sik Kok Kwong Maria Tam 2014 [ edit ] Jose Yu Charles Ho 2015 [ edit ] Jasper Tsang Cheng Yiu-tong Ho Sai-chu Li Dak-sum 2016 [ edit ] Carrie Lam Tam Yiu-chung Chan Wing-kee Victor Lo Hu Fa-kuang Moses Cheng Lap-Chee Tsui 2017 [ edit ] Matthew Cheung Paul Chan Mo-po Rimsky Yuen Laura Cha Arthur Li Fanny Law Ip Kwok-him Vincent Lo Henry Cheng Tai Tak-fung Jack So Ronnie Chan 2018 [ edit ] Robert Tang Cheung Hok-ming Robin Chan Rosie Young Tse-tse 2019 [ edit ] Yu Kwok-chun Albert Hung Chao-hong 2020 [ edit ] Andrew Leung Bernard Charnwut Chan Chan Tung Xu Rongmao 2021 [ edit ] Andrew Cheung Teresa Cheng Chow Chung-kong Regina Ip Bunny Chan Jonathan Choi Koon-shum Lo Man-tuen 2022 [ edit ] John Lee Tommy Cheung Roberto Ribeiro Andrew Liao Wilfred Wong Ying-wai Peter Lam Ng Leung-ho 2023 [ edit ] Jeffrey Lam Kin-fung Poon Chung-kwong Timothy Fok Tsung-ting Lam Shuk-yee Sze Chi-ching 2024 [ edit ] Martin Liao Lau Siu-kai Lee Chack-fan Peter Lee Ka-kit Lam Shu Chit See also [ edit ] Orders, decorations, and medals of Hong Kong References [ edit ] ^ Megan C. Robertson (17 February 2003). "Hong Kong: Grand Bauhinia Medal" . Medals of

2542-550: The first Chinese to win the award. Towards the end of the election campaign, James Tien , the honorary chairman of the Liberal Party and a supporter of Henry Tang during the election, stated that members of the election committee had received phone calls from the Beijing government's Liaison Office demanding that they vote for Leung. On 25 March 2012, Leung was declared Hong Kong's new Chief Executive, after securing 689 votes from

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2604-427: The gold standard on how not to do a media interview for generations of politicians to come." Lord Patten , the last British governor of Hong Kong, questioned Leung's leadership skill and capacity as Hong Kong's incumbent Chief Executive. In December 2014, Leung's popularity ratings plunged to a new low, down to 39.7 percent, with a net of minus 37%. This was attributed to public perception of Leung's unwillingness to heal

2666-564: The government of his positions. In January 2021, Leung said that those from Hong Kong who gain British citizenship through the BN(O) program should be required to renounce their Hong Kong passport. In the same month, Leung said that Hong Kong's Chief Executive can be selected through consultations rather than by voting. In response, Helena Wong said that such a move would only put the city further away from democratic elections, an ultimate goal promised in

2728-430: The institute was Sr Kan Fook-Yee ( 簡福飴 ; 简福饴 ; Jiǎn Fúyí ; gaan2 fuk1 ji4 ). Members holding HKIS qualifications may use the following designations after their name: MHKIS (Member), FHKIS (Fellow), AMHKIS (Associate Member). Those with the designation MHKIS or FHKIS are also known as professional surveyors. Sr Kan Fook-Yee and a number of his colleagues saw the value of a professional body for local surveyors, and

2790-607: The need to stimulate the development of the industry. Prior to the establishment of the HKIS in 1984, the Britain-based Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) represented the industry in Hong Kong. The Institute was statutorily incorporated by virtue of the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors Ordinance in January 1990 (Cap. 1148). In July 1991, the Surveyors Registration Ordinance (Cap. 417)

2852-542: The opposition camp, say they love Hong Kong very much... How did the Hong Kong they love so much come into existence? It exists under the People's Republic of China, which is being ruled by the Chinese Communist Party. The Hong Kong that we love so much, including our way of life and the capitalist system, was designed by the Chinese Communist Party." Also in March 2021, Leung claimed that the proposed changes to overhaul

2914-547: The party. She explained that, in order for Leung to succeed Mao Junnian (whose identity as a communist had been revealed) as the Secretary General of the Basic Law Consultative Committee, he must also have been a party member, per the tradition of the party. She also cited Leung's vague remarks about the 1989 Tiananmen massacre as a clue to his membership, in contrast to Henry Tang's greater sympathy for

2976-697: The payment to the Executive Council. This controversy has further worsened Leung's popularity. In a media interview during the pro-democracy occupation , Leung attempted to justify the conservative electoral model for Hong Kong by stating "if it's entirely a numbers game – numeric representation – then obviously you'd be talking to half the people in Hong Kong [who] earn less than US$ 1,800 a month [the median wage in HK]. You would end up with that kind of politics and policies". The comments proved controversial and were considered insensitive and snobbish. South China Morning Post columnist Alex Lo said of this interview: "Leung has set

3038-520: The position of council chairman of Lingnan University . In the same year, on 16 June 1999 the Lingnan College received University status. Leung continued in this position for nine years, until 21 October 2008. In April 2008, Leung was appointed as chairman and member of the council of the City University of Hong Kong . . Leung held this position until 2011. In terms of his performance as chairman,

3100-689: The post of international economic advisor for Hebei . From 2002 to 2007, Leung was a board member in the Government of Singapore -owned banking firm DBS Group Holdings Ltd and DBS Bank Hong Kong Ltd . In 1993, Leung set up his own surveying company C. Y. Leung & Co., in Hong Kong, which then quickly set up many offices in Shanghai and Shenzhen. In 1995, C. Y. Leung & Co joined an international alliance comprising CB Commercial, Debenham Tewson & Chinnocks and DTZ . By 2000, his company merged with Singapore's Dai Yuk-coeng Company ( 戴玉祥產業諮詢公司 ) into DTZ Debenham Tie Leung Limited. In December 2006, after

3162-621: The post. The election campaign was controversial and bitterly fought. The early favourite to win was long-considered to be former Chief Secretary Henry Tang , who was supported by the local bureaucracy, key property and business tycoons, and crucially, by the Beijing government . However, while Tang stumbled over the revelation of an illegal structure at his home, Leung faced similar problems at his residence. Leung appointed Fanny Law , who attracted widespread criticisms for mishandling educational reforms when in office from 2002 to 2006, to his Office of

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3224-720: The proposal was discussed, the Liber Research Community found almost 730 hectares of available land on brownfield sites, which would negate the need to build housing on country parks. In October 2021, he was implicated in the Pandora Papers , exposing secret offshore accounts of various world leaders. He denied the allegations. Grand Bauhinia Medal Hong Kong award Award Grand Bauhinia Medal 大紫荊勳章 [REDACTED] Grand Bauhinia Medal with ribbon Awarded for lifelong and highly significant contribution to

3286-541: The protest movement. She said that if Leung, as an underground party member, won the election then the leader of the Communist Party in Hong Kong would be in actual control. Leung consistently dismissed such claims as ungrounded. The suggestion that Leung's loyalty was more to Beijing than Hong Kong has long dogged him. In 2010, Leung had been asked whether he would support the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to jailed Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo . He replied that China's former paramount leader, Deng Xiaoping , should have been

3348-406: The rules of the Chinese Communist Party, such senior positions are normally assumed only by party members. In 1990, the BLCC ceased to exist after the Basic Law was adopted by the National People's Congress . He was a founding member of the New Hong Kong Alliance (NHKA) set up by Lo Tak-shing in 1989 who led to a faction of the Group of 89 , a conservative business and professional lobby group in

3410-403: The survival of the ' one country, two systems ' principle if Leung were to be elected the CE, saying that Leung must have been a loyal CCP member for him to be appointed as the Secretary General of the Basic Law Consultative Committee in 1985 at the young age of 31. This view was supported by a former underground communist, Florence Leung, whose memoir recorded that Leung was also a secret member of

3472-475: The territory's new leader but his claim was rejected by the High Court. Leung assumed office as Chief Executive on 1 July 2012. On top of the controversy surrounding illegal structures of his house, in which he was severely criticised as a hypocrite for using the same accusation in attacking his opponent during the 2012 election, there were additional disputes regarding his appointments of officers and political judgements. Leung's appointment of Chen Ran ( 陳冉 ) as

3534-610: The well-being of Hong Kong Presented by [REDACTED]   Hong Kong Post-nominals GBM Established 1997 First awarded 1997 Precedence Next (lower) Gold Bauhinia Star Grand Bauhinia Medal Traditional Chinese 大紫荊勳章 Simplified Chinese 大紫荆勋章 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Dà Zǐjīng Xūn Zhāng Yue: Cantonese Jyutping daai6 zi2 ging1 fan1 zoeng1 The Grand Bauhinia Medal ( Chinese : 大紫荊勳章 )

3596-448: The wounds, and his unwarranted shifting of the blame for the wrongs in society onto opponents. Leung also claimed negative effects on the economy without providing evidence, and his assertions were contradicted by official figures. In February 2015, the Karolinska Institutet announced it had received a record US$ 50 million donation from Lau Ming-wai, who chairs Hong Kong property developer Chinese Estates Holdings, and would establish

3658-475: Was a classmate of future democratic activist Lau San-ching. After graduation, he attended Hong Kong Polytechnic . In 1974, Leung undertook further studies in valuation and estate management at the Bristol Polytechnic (now known as the University of the West of England) and graduated in 1977 first in his class. Leung returned to Hong Kong after becoming a chartered surveyor and joined the real estate company Jones Lang Wootton , where he worked for five years. By

3720-400: Was criticised as it had not established any formal machinery for the consultation process and did not indicate the degree of public support of views expressed. In 1988, Leung, then aged 34, was made the Secretary-General of the committee, replacing Mao Junnian. Former CCP member Leung Mo-han, and Leung's critics, have suggested that Leung must be a secret member of the Communist party, since, per

3782-519: Was passed and a Registration Board was set up to administer the registration of surveyors. The Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors Ordinance of 1990 incorporated the HKIS. The head office was previously at Swire House (now Chater House ) in Central , but it later moved to the Jardine House in Central in 1998. In 2014 the HKIS stated that the Hong Kong government ought to establish an authority that oversees renovations of older buildings to prevent corruption and wrongful conduct. A member of either

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3844-412: Was reported that Leung served, since 2019, as director of two companies, Overseas Chinese Schools Limited and Overseas Chinese Schools (Lao PDR) Limited, but failed to report that to the government in accordance with the "Guidelines for Post-office Employment for Former Chief Executives and Politically Appointed Officials" policy. On 21 December 2020, two days after those reports, Leung finally notified

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