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79-427: Lemnos is primarily a flat island, but the western region, particularly the northwest, is rocky and mountainous. At 430 meters above sea level, Mount Skopia is the highest point. The chief towns are Myrina , on the western coast, and Moudros on the eastern shore of a large bay in the middle of the island. Myrina (also called Kastro, meaning "castle") possesses a good harbour . It is the seat of all trade carried on with

158-652: A Papal fleet under Cardinal Ludovico Scarampi Mezzarota captured the island. Pope Callixtus III (in office 1455–1458) hoped to establish a new military order on the island, which controlled the exit of the Dardanelles , but nothing came of it as Isma'il Bey soon recovered Lemnos for the Sultan. In 1464, during the First Ottoman–Venetian War , the Venetians seized Lemnos and other former Gattilusi possessions, but

237-538: A soldier settlement zone for returning First World War soldiers, was named after the island. There are three Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) cemeteries on the island, the first one for the 352 Allied soldiers in Portianou , the second one for the 148 Australian and 76 New Zealander soldiers in the town of Moudros and the third one for the Ottoman soldiers (170 Egyptian and 56 Turkish soldiers). In late October 1918,

316-555: A Thracian nymph Cabiro (a daughter of Proteus ) he fathered a tribe called the Kaberoi . Sacred initiatory rites dedicated to them were performed in the island. Its ancient capital was named Hephaistia in the god's honour. Hephaestus' forge, which was located on Lemnos, as well as the name Aethaleia , sometimes applied to it, points to its volcanic character. It is said that fire occasionally blazed forth from Mosychlos, one of its mountains. The ancient geographer Pausanias relates that

395-638: A better authenticated period, it is reported that Lemnos was conquered by Otanes , a general of Darius Hystaspis . But soon (510 BC) it was reconquered by Miltiades the Younger , the tyrant of the Thracian Chersonese. Miltiades later returned to Athens and Lemnos was an Athenian possession until the Macedonian empire absorbed it. By 450 BC, Lemnos was an Athenian cleruchy. The Athenian settlers brought with them Athenian drama, dated to at least 348 BC. However,

474-471: A brief action without any casualties from the Ottoman garrison, who were returned to Anatolia. Peter Charanis , born on the island in 1908, and later a professor of Byzantine history at Rutgers University , recounts when the island was liberated and Greek soldiers were sent to the villages and stationed themselves in the public squares. Some of the children ran to see what Greek soldiers looked like; "What are you looking at?", one of them asked; "At Hellenes",

553-450: A hero of the Achaean army. Once back in military company outside Troy, they employed either Machaon the surgeon or more likely Podalirius the physician, both sons of the immortal physician Asclepius , to heal his wound permanently. Philoctetes challenged and would have killed Paris , son of Priam , in single combat were it not for the debates over future Greek strategy. In one version it

632-571: A hot summer Mediterranean climate(Köppen:Csa). The winters are generally mild, but there is occasionally a snowfall. Strong winds are a feature of the island, especially in August and in winter time, hence its nickname "the wind-ridden one" (in Greek, Ανεμόεσσα). The temperature is typically 2 to 5 degrees Celsius less than in Athens , especially in summertime. Myrina is relatively dry, due to the rain shadow caused by

711-581: A local nature in Greece, the produced quantities are little more than simply sufficient for the local market. Muscat grapes are grown widely, and are used to produce an unusual table wine that is dry yet has a strong Muscat flavor. Since 1985, the variety and quality of Lemnos wines have increased greatly. The island's economically active population in 2001 was 6,602. Of them, 12% were employers, 20.5% self-employed, 55.3% wage-earners, 7.1% unpaid, auxiliary family members, and 5.1% did not declare line of occupation. Of

790-516: A population which, in the eyes of the Hellenes, appeared barbarous, is shown by the weapons. The Greek weapon, dagger or spear, is lacking: the weapons of the barbarians, the axe and the knife, are common. Since, however, this population … preserves so many elements of Mycenaean art, the Tyrrhenians or Pelasgians of Lemnos may be recognized as a remnant of a Mycenaean population. According to Homer, Lemnos

869-567: A scratch could result in death, sometimes drawn out. Regardless of the cause of the wound, Philoctetes was marooned by the Greeks and harbored a grudge against Odysseus , who had advised the Atreidae to leave him. Medôn took control of Philoctetes' men, and Philoctetes himself remained on Lemnos, alone, for ten years, as the Trojan War dragged on. Helenus , the prophetic son of King Priam of Troy,

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948-521: A siege of the island by the Byzantine admiral Licario in 1277. Resistance continued by his wife, but in 1278 the Navigajosi were forced to capitulate and cede the island back to Byzantium. During the last centuries of Byzantium, Lemnos played a prominent role: following the loss of Asia Minor , it was a major source of food, and it played an important role in the recurring civil wars of the 14th century. As

1027-548: A small island called Chryse , off the Lemnian coast, was swallowed up by the sea. All volcanic action is now extinct. The earliest inhabitants are said to have been a Thracian tribe, whom the Greeks called Sintians , "robbers". The name Lemnos is said by Hecataeus to have been applied in the form of a title to Cybele among the Thracians . The worship of Cybele was characteristic of Thrace, where it had spread from Asia Minor at

1106-415: A snake came out from the altar and bit Philoctetes. Another tradition says that the Greeks forced Philoctetes to show them where Heracles's ashes were deposited. Philoctetes would not break his oath by speech, but he went to the spot and placed his foot upon the site. The foot that touched the soil over the ashes immediately suffered a wound. In a fourth version, Philoctetes received his terrible wound on

1185-466: A very early period. Hypsipyle and Myrina (the name of one of the chief towns) are Amazon names, which are always connected with Asiatic Cybele-worship. According to the epitome of the Bibliotheca traditionally attributed to Apollodorus ( Epitome I:9), when Dionysus found Ariadne abandoned on Naxos , he brought her to Lemnos and there fathered Thoas , Staphylus , Oenopion , and Peparethus. Pliny

1264-458: A year later, on 15 November 1657, after besieging the capital of Kastro for 63 days. The famous Sufi poet Niyazi Misri was exiled to Lemnos for several years during the late 17th century. In 1770 Russian forces under Count Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov besieged Kastro for 60 days during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 . The fortress had just surrendered when an attack by the Ottoman fleet on

1343-406: Is a former municipality on the island of Lemnos , North Aegean , Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lemnos, of which it is a municipal unit. It covers the west coast of the island, and has a land area of 82.049 square kilometres (31.679 sq mi), about 17.2% of the island's area. Its municipal seat was the town of Mýrina, located in the middle of

1422-679: Is probably that the original Thracian people were gradually brought into communication with the Greeks as navigation began to unite the scattered islands of the Aegean; the Thracian inhabitants were technologically primitive in comparison with the Greek mariners. In another legend, Philoctetes was left on Lemnos by the Greeks on their way to Troy; and there he suffered ten years' agony from his wounded foot, until Odysseus and Neoptolemus induced him to accompany them to Troy. According to Sophocles , he lived beside Mount Hermaeus, which Aeschylus makes one of

1501-455: Is the only one that has survived. Sophocles' Philoctetes at Troy , Aeschylus ' Philoctetes and Euripides ' Philoctetes have all been lost, with the exception of some fragments. Philoctetes is also mentioned in Homer 's Iliad , Book 2, which describes his exile on the island of Lemnos, his being wounded by snake-bite, and his eventual recall by the Greeks. The recall of Philoctetes is told in

1580-497: Is typically 2 to 5 degrees Celsius less than in Athens , especially in summertime. For ancient Greeks, the island was sacred to Hephaestus , god of metallurgy, who—as he tells himself in Iliad I.590ff—fell on Lemnos when Zeus hurled him headlong out of Olympus . There, he was cared for by the Sinties , according to Iliad , or by Thetis (Apollodorus, Bibliotheca I:3.5), and there with

1659-441: Is well served by ferries from Piraeus ( Athens ), Lavrio , and Thessaloniki . A slightly fictionalized Lemnos appears in the 2013 tactical shooter video game Arma 3 as the island of "Altis", part of the island country of the "Republic of Altis and Stratis". Altis is the main setting of the game, and originally kept the name "Lemnos" before an incident in 2012 between the game's developers and Greek authorities prompted

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1738-673: The Argonauts landing soon after found only women in the island, ruled by Hypsipyle , daughter of the old king Thoas. From the Argonauts and the Lemnian women were descended the race called Minyans , whose king Euneus , son of Jason and Hypsipyle, sent wine and provisions to the Achaeans at Troy . According to later Greek historians, the Minyans were expelled by a Pelasgian tribe who came from Attica . The historical element underlying these traditions

1817-838: The Capture of Lemnos in 1912, during the First Balkan War ). The name "Roman" dates to the East Roman or Byzantine Empire, when Greeks were called Romans (Ρωμιοί). To the south of the promontory lies the Turkish Shore (Τούρκικος Γιαλός), along which the Turkish community similarly had their homes, before the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey . In 2001 the town had 3,022 regular dwellings, of which 30.4% were stone-built, and 75.6% had pitched roofs made of red tiles (source: 18.3.2001 Census, National Statistical Service of Greece). Behind

1896-664: The Dardanelles and prevent a foray by the Ottoman Navy into the Aegean. The Ottomans' two attempts to achieve this were beaten back in the battles of Elli and Lemnos . Thus the Ottomans were prevented from supplying and reinforcing their land forces in Macedonia by sea, a critical factor in the success of the Balkan League in the war. During World War I , in early 1915, the Allies used

1975-636: The Epipaleolithic Period , indicating a settlement of hunters and gatherers and fishermen of the 12th millennium BC . A rectangular building with a double row of stepped seats on the long sides, at the southwest side of the hill of Poliochne , dates back to the Early Bronze Age and was possibly used as a kind of Bouleuterion . In August and September 1926, members of the Italian School of Archaeology at Athens conducted trial excavations on

2054-461: The Fall of Constantinople in 1453. Following the fall of Constantinople (1453), and thanks to the intercession of Michael Critobulus , Sultan Mehmed II recognized Dorino I Gattilusio's possession of Lemnos and Thasos in exchange for an annual tribute of 2,325 gold coins. When Dorino died in 1455, his son and successor Domenico was only granted Lemnos, however. In 1456, Mehmed II attacked and captured

2133-589: The Ottoman threat mounted in the 15th century, possession of Lemnos was demanded by Alfonso V of Aragon in exchange for offering assistance to the beleaguered Byzantines, while the last Byzantine emperor, Constantine XI Palaiologos , offered it to the Genoese captain Giustiniani Longo , if the Ottoman besiegers were driven off. Dorino I Gattilusio , the ruler of Lesbos , also acquired Lemnos as his fief shortly before

2212-737: The Pindus Mountains . The historian Strabo held that Amazons founded a city named Myrina, but which could also have been the one in Mysia . According to Herodotus , when the Chersonese on the Hellespont came under Athens' rule, Miltiades the son of Cimon came from Elaeus on the Chersonese to Lemnos where he proclaimed the Pelasgians must submit. The Hephaestians obeyed, giving up their city, but

2291-699: The armistice between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies was signed at Moudros. After the Red Army victory in the Russian Civil War in 1920, many Kuban Cossacks fled the country to avoid persecution from the Bolsheviks. A notable evacuation point was the Greek island of Lemnos where 18,000 Kuban Cossacks landed, though many later died of starvation and disease. Most left the island after a year. During World War II ,

2370-662: The 10th century and of Seljuk raids in the 11th century. Following the dissolution and division of the Empire after the Fourth Crusade , Lemnos (known by Westerners as Stalimene ) was apportioned to the Latin Empire , and given as a fief to the Navigajoso family under the Venetian (or possibly of mixed Greek and Venetian descent) megadux Filocalo Navigajoso . Filocalo died in 1214, and

2449-540: The Elder in his Natural History (xxxvi. 13) speaks of a remarkable labyrinth in Lemnos, which has not been identified in modern times. According to a Hellenic legend, the women were all deserted by their husbands for Thracian women, and in revenge they murdered every man on the island. From this barbarous act, the expression Lemnian deeds became proverbial among the Hellenes. According to Apollonius of Rhodes ' Argonautica

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2528-696: The Gattilusi domains in Thrace ( Ainos and the islands of Samothrace and Imbros ). During the subsequent negotiations with Domenico Gattilusio, the Greek populace of Lemnos rose up against Domenico's younger brother Niccolò Gattilusio and submitted to the Sultan, who appointed a certain Hamza Bey as governor under the Bey of Gallipoli , Isma'il. Mehmed granted a special legal charter ( kanun-name ) to Lemnos, Imbros, and Thasos, at this time, later revised by Selim I in 1519. In 1457

2607-520: The Greeks in 1912. It comprised the islands of Lemnos (Limni in Turkish), Agios Efstratios (Bozbaba), Imbros (Imroz) and Tenedos (Bozcaada). The French scholar Vital Cuinet , in his 1896 work La Turquie d'Asie , recorded a population of 27,079, of which 2,450 were Muslims and the rest Greek Orthodox. On 8 October 1912, during the First Balkan War , Lemnos became part of Greece . The Greek navy under Rear Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis captured it after

2686-538: The Melichloro or Melipasto cheese and its yogurt . Fruit and vegetables that grow on the island include almonds, figs, melons, watermelons, tomatoes, pumpkins and olives. The main crops are wheat, barley, sesame; in fact, Lemnos was Constantinople's granary after the Byzantine Empire lost its Anatolian possessions in the 1320s. Lemnos also produces honey (from thyme -fed bees), but, as is the case with most products of

2765-533: The Myrinaeans from the city Myrina would not be as easily pursued until they too submitted to Athens, thus given control of the island to Miltiades and the Athenians. (Herodotus: The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley, 1920), Cambridge. Harvard University Press. Cited February 2004 from The Perseus Project) [1] The ancient town also garnered notice of Pliny the Elder who wrote that the shadow of Mount Athos could be seen in

2844-536: The Port Authority building. Myrina also boasts a good provincial hospital, in the Tchas quarter, while presently is in the process of modernising its sewage system. Many of the town's streets are stone-paved alleys. The Roman Shore in particular is quite beautiful, aligned as it is with stone-built houses of neoclassical design (built from the mid-19th to the early 20th century), where the island's rich Greeks lived (many of

2923-629: The Roman Shore (or the Shallow Waters (in Greek, Ρηχά Νερά) beach, adjacent to the Roman Shore on the north), and having dinner at one of the fish taverns circling the traditional harbour in the Turkish Shore, enjoying the caiques there and a view of the castle at night. During the summer Myrina holds various outside theatrical and musical events. Philoctetes Philoctetes ( Ancient Greek : Φιλοκτήτης Philoktētēs ; English pronunciation: / ˌ f ɪ l ə k ˈ t iː t iː z / , stressed on

3002-678: The Russian vessels in Mudros Bay forced the Russians to withdraw (24 October 1770). Under Ottoman rule, Lemnos initially formed part of the sanjaks of Gallipoli or Mytilene under the Eyalet of the Archipelago , but was constituted as a separate sanjak in the reforms of the mid-19th century, at the latest by 1846. Abolished in 1867, the sanjak was re-formed in 1879 and existed until the island's capture by

3081-501: The Turkish Shore. Other landmarks are the OTE (Hellenic Telecoms Organisation) square, also called the bank square because it is the hub of all bank branches of the island, halfway along the market street, and the Perivola square, behind the Roman Shore, where the Lemnos bus station is (providing bus service from Myrina to the villages and back). The Town Hall building is located in the harbour, near

3160-473: The area reverted to Ottoman control in accordance with the 1479 Treaty of Constantinople . In the aftermath, the Kapudan Pasha , Gedik Ahmed , repaired the island's fortifications and brought in settlers from Anatolia . At this time, the administration of the island was also reformed and brought in line with Ottoman practice, with a governor ( voevoda ), judge ( kadi ), and elders ( kodjabashis ) heading

3239-679: The beacon points to flash the news of Troy's downfall home to Argos . The ruins of the oldest human settlement in the Aegean Islands found so far have been unearthed in archaeological excavations on Lemnos by a team of Greek, Italian and American archaeologists at the Ouriakos site on the Louri coast of Fyssini in Moudros municipality. The excavation began in early June 2009 and the finds brought to light, consisting mainly of high quality stone tools , are from

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3318-461: The bow and arrows of Heracles after assisting the hero in ending the agony of the shirt of Nessus —Philoctetes, or in some versions his father, lit the pyre on which Heracles immolated himself and became immortal. Philoctetes then received the favor of the newly deified Heracles. Philoctetes had been one of the many eligible Greeks who competed for the hand of Helen , the Spartan princess; as such, he

3397-619: The caps of the Dioscuri , Apollo , etc. Few coins of Myrina are known. They belong to the period of Attic occupation, and bear Athenian types. A few coins are also known which bear the name of the whole island, rather than of either city. A trace of the Lemnian language is found on a 6th-century inscription on a funerary stele, the Lemnos stele . Lemnos later adopted the Attic dialect of Athens. Coming down to

3476-444: The children replied; "Are you not Hellenes yourselves?", a soldier retorted; "No, we are Romans ", the children replied; which might seem odd at a first glance, but indicates that in parts of Greece the locals self-identified as a continuation of the Eastern, Greek-speaking part of the Roman Empire ( Ρωμιοί ), along with their Greek identity. Moudros Bay became a forward anchorage for the Greek fleet, which enabled it to keep watch on

3555-432: The city of Thurii was built by Philoctetes and his monument is seen there even to his days, as well as the arrows of Hercules which laid up in the temple of Apollo. Solinus , Strabo and Virgil write that Petilia was established by Philoctetes. Strabo writes that also Krimisa and Chone were established by Philoctetes. In addition, Strabo write that some of Philoctetes's companions fortified Aegesta . On

3634-406: The developers to rename the island. "Stratis", based on Agios Efstratios , is south of the island as it is in real life. In God of War , at some point in the story Kratos finds a bottle of Lemnian wine, which he claims to come from Lemnos, a place close to where he was born. He eventually shares it with his son Atreus. Myrina, Greece Myrina ( Greek : Μύρινα ) (Also known as Kastro)

3713-408: The earliest attested reference to Lemnos is the Mycenaean Greek ra-mi-ni-ja , "Lemnian woman", written in Linear B syllabic script. Professor Della Seta reports: The lack of weapons of bronze, the abundance of weapons of iron, and the type of the pots and the pins gives the impression that the necropolis belongs to the ninth or eighth century B.C. That it did not belong to a Greek population, but to

3792-423: The economically active population, 17.9% worked in agriculture, 5.3% in light manufacturing, 11% in construction, 6.7% in hotels and restaurants, and the rest in other lines of business. In 2001, the island had 12,116 regular dwellings, of which 65% were stone-built, and 90.2% had pitched roofs made of red tiles. The only airport is Lemnos International Airport , 18 kilometres (11 mi) east of Myrina. The island

3871-401: The famous 999 units, in this case the 999th Light Afrika Division (Wehrmacht) and its Afrika Schützen Regiment 963 (later Festungs Infanterie Bataillon 999). These included many German and Austrian antifascist political prisoners enrolled by force, many of whom then joined the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS), such as Wolfgang Abendroth . Partially evacuated since August 1944, the island

3950-473: The fronts of the two Shores, the town is divided into 4 parts: the old town core (encompassing the aforementioned Shores), referred to as Kastro (after the Castle atop the promontory); Androni, to the north (where the women of prehistoric Lemnos are said to have drugged their men before tossing them from the cliff of Petasos (the north horn of the bay of Myrina)); Tchas (most probably from the Russian word часовой, which means sentinel, sentry, or guard, because there

4029-402: The gold objects contained spirals of Mycenaean origin, but had no Geometric forms. According to their ornamentation, the pots discovered at the site were from the Geometric period. However, the pots also preserved spirals indicative of Mycenaean art. The results of the excavations indicate that the Early Iron Age inhabitants of Lemnos could be a remnant of a Mycenaean population and, in addition,

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4108-408: The houses are still occupied by the descendants of those Greeks, most of whom made their fortunes as businessmen in British Egypt, part of the Greek diaspora there). The archaeological museum displays numerous exhibits from the island's remote (mostly prehistoric) past. With its clean, long, and sandy beaches, and its own Castle to boot, Myrina is a tourist attraction. Visitors and locals like bathing in

4187-413: The island of Chryse when he unknowingly trespassed the shrine of the nymph after whom the island was named. (This is the version in the extant play by Sophocles .) A modern interpretation is that he was scratched by a poisoned arrow. Commonly tips of arrows were poisoned with a combination of fermented viper venom, blood or plasma, and feces. A person who survived would have a festering wound, though even

4266-478: The island to try to capture the Dardanelles Straits, some 50 kilometres (31 miles) away. This was done chiefly by the British and largely due to the urging of Winston Churchill . The harbour at Moudros was put under the control of British Admiral Rosslyn Wemyss , who was ordered to prepare the then largely unused harbour for operations against the Dardanelles. The harbour was broad enough for British and French warships, but lacked suitable military facilities, which

4345-419: The island was occupied by the Germans on 25 April 1941, in the wake of the Wehrmacht ’s invasion of Greece, by the Infanterie Regiment 382/164 Inf.Division under the command of Oberst Wilhelm- Helmuth Beukemann . The same bay of Moudros used by the Allies in WWI served as a base for German ships controlling the northern Aegean sea. An important fact is that the occupation forces included German punitive bataillon,

4424-419: The island's west coast. The town is also the capital of Lemnos, as well as the seat of the Metropolitan (Greek Orthodox bishop) of Lemnos. In addition to the town of Myrina, the municipal unit includes the communities of Káspakas, Platý , Thános, and Kornós . The 2021 census recorded 6,190 residents in the town and 8,518 residents in the municipal unit. The climate in Lemnos is mainly Mediterranean. Myrina has

4503-494: The island. The overall purpose of the excavations was to shed light on the island's pre-Hellenic "Etrusco-Pelasgian" civilization, following the discovery of the " Lemnos stele ", bearing an inscription philologists related to the Etruscan language . The excavations, with then-current political overtones, were conducted on the site of the city of Hephaistia (i. e., Palaiopolis) where the Pelasgians, according to Herodotus, surrendered to Miltiades of Athens in 510 BC, initiating

4582-415: The local Greek inhabitants. In the late 16th century, Lemnos is recorded, along with Chios, as "the only prosperous island of the Archipelago". It had 74 villages, three of them inhabited by Turkish Muslims. In July 1656, during the Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War , the Venetians captured the island again following a major victory over the Ottoman fleet. The Ottomans under Topal Mehmed Pasha recovered it barely

4661-469: The lost epic Little Iliad , where his retrieval was accomplished by Diomedes . Philoctetes killed three men at Troy . Philoctetes was described by the chronicler Malalas in his account of the Chronography as "a good height, well set, dark skinned, eyebrows meeting, brave, good eyes, good nose, black hair, hairy, sensible, accurate archer, magnanimous". Philoctetes was the son of Poeas , king of Meliboea in Thessaly . He came into possession of

4740-429: The mainland. Lemnos also has a 7-hectare desert, the Pachies Ammoudies of Lemnos . The climate in Lemnos is mainly Mediterranean ( Csa ). Winters are generally mild, but with occasional snowfall. Strong winds are a feature of the island, especially in August and during the winter, with a maximum average wind speed of 20.7 km/h in February, hence its nickname "the wind-ridden one" (in Greek, Ανεμόεσσα). The temperature

4819-410: The myth don't include Neoptolemus.) Surprised to find the archer alive, the Greeks balked on what to do next. Odysseus tricked the weaponry away from Philoctetes, but Diomedes ( or Neoptolemus in Philoctetes , 1373ff.) refused to take the weapons without the man. The divine Heracles came down from Olympus and told Philoctetes to go and that he would be healed by the son of Asclepius and win great honor as

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4898-399: The present regional unit. The municipal units of Atsiki, Moudros, Myrina and Nea Koutali are subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets): Atsiki Moudros Myrina Nea Koutali Local specialties include: Lemnos has a strong husbandry tradition, being famous for the Kalathaki Limnou ( PDO ), a cheese made from sheep and goat milk; as well as for

4977-412: The social and political hellenization of the island. There, a necropolis (ca. 9th–8th centuries BC) was discovered, revealing bronze objects, pots, and over 130 ossuaries . The ossuaries contained distinctly male and female funeral ornaments. Male ossuaries contained knives and axes whereas female ossuaries contained earrings, bronze pins, necklaces, gold-diadems, and bracelets. The decorations on some of

5056-451: The temple of Apollo Halius the bow and arrows of Hercules , which had, however, been removed by the Crotoniats to the temple of Apollo in their own city. In addition, the author mention that Philoctetes is honored among the Sybarites . According to Lycophron , at Macalla the inhabitants built a great shrine above his grave and glorified him as an everlasting god with libations and sacrifice of oxen. Justin writes that people say that

5135-429: The third syllable , -tet- ), or Philocthetes , according to Greek mythology , was the son of Poeas , king of Meliboea in Thessaly , and Demonassa or Methone . He was a Greek hero, famed as an archer, and a participant in the Trojan War . Philoctetes was the subject of four different plays of ancient Greece, each written by one of the three major Greek tragedians. Of the four plays, Sophocles ' Philoctetes

5214-450: The town's forum on the summer solstice. Other authors of antiquity who note the town include Ptolemy and Stephanus of Byzantium . Modern day Myrina is built upon a shallow bay split into two by a promontory jutting out to sea and carrying the ruins of a Venetian castle. To the north of the promontory lies the so-called Roman Shore (in Greek, Ρωμέικος Γιαλός), along which the Greek community had their homes during Ottoman times (until

5293-477: The tradition of theater seems to date back to the 5th century, and recent excavations at the site Hephaisteia suggest that the theater dated to the late 6th to early 5th century. On a barren island near Lemnos there was an altar of Philoctetes with a brazen serpent, bows and breastplate bound with strips, to remind of the sufferings of the hero. In 197 BC, the Romans declared it free, but in 166 BC gave it over to Athens which retained nominal possession of it until

5372-425: The whole of Greece was made a province of the Roman Republic in 146 BC. After the division of the Roman Empire in 395, Lemnos passed to the Byzantine Empire . Pliny the Elder writes about a labyrinth on Lemnos which was built by the Lemnian architects Zmilis, Rhoecus, and Theodorus. As a province of the Byzantine Empire, Lemnos belonged to the theme of the Aegean Sea , and was a target of Saracen raids in

5451-423: Was Philoctetes who killed Paris. He shot four times: the first arrow went wide; the second struck his bow hand; the third hit him in the right eye; the fourth hit him in the heel, so there was no need of a fifth shot. Philoctetes sided with Neoptolemus about continuing to try to storm the city. They were the only two to think so because they had not had the war-weariness of the prior ten years. Afterward, Philoctetes

5530-414: Was a Russian garrison stationed there for a short time at the end of the 18th century; less probably from the Russian word час, which means hour), just behind the harbour area; and Nea Madetos, a new (post-1980) settlement of workers´and fishermen's houses on the hill overlooking the Turkish shore from the south. The heart of the town is the market street, running north to south, and joining the Roman Shore to

5609-402: Was among those chosen to hide inside the Trojan Horse , and during the sack of the city he killed many famed Trojans. According to another myth, Pylius (Πύλιος), the son of god Hephaestus , healed Philoctetes at Lemnos . The author of the Aristotelian Corpus writes that Philoctetes lived at the Macalla after he returned from the Trojan War, and adds that the hero had deposited there in

5688-480: Was bitten by a snake that Hera sent to molest him as punishment for the service rendered to Heracles, since Hera was portrayed in one tradition as the adversary of Heracles. The snakebite recurs in a version that has the Achaeans , en route to Troy, coming to the island of Tenedos , where Achilles angered Apollo by killing King Tenes, allegedly the god's son. When the Achaeans were sacrificing to Apollo in expiation,

5767-428: Was forced under torture to reveal that one of the conditions for the Greeks to win the war was possession of the bow and arrows of Heracles. Upon hearing this, Odysseus and a group of men (usually including Diomedes ) rushed back to Lemnos to recover Heracles' weapons. In the tragedy by Sophocles titled Philoctetes , Odysseus is accompanied by Neoptolemus , Achilles ' son, also known as Pyrrhus. (Other versions of

5846-417: Was formed on the merger of the following four former municipalities, each of which became municipal units, following the 2011 local government reform: Lemnos and the smaller island of Agios Efstratios previously formed part of Lesbos Prefecture. In 2011, the prefecture was abolished and Lemnos and Agios Efstratios now form Lemnos Regional Unit. Lemnos Province, abolished in 2006, comprised the same territory as

5925-478: Was inhabited by the Sintians . Thucydides mentions Tyrrhenians as the pre-Greek inhabitants. Homer speaks as if there were one town in the island called Lemnos. In Classical times there were two towns, Myrina (also called Kastro) and Hephaistia , which was the chief town. Coins from Hephaestia are found in considerable number, and various types including the goddess Athena with her owl, native religious symbols,

6004-578: Was liberated on 16 and 17 of October 1944 by the Greek Sacred Band (World War II) or Greek Sacred Squadron under the command of the British Raiding Forces (as part of the SAS or Special Air Service ). Today the island has about 30 villages and settlements. The province includes the island of Agios Efstratios to the southwest which has some exceptional beaches. The present municipality of Lemnos

6083-620: Was recognized early on. Troops intended for Gallipoli had to train in Egypt , and the port found it difficult to cope with casualties of the Gallipoli campaign . The campaign was called off in evident failure at the close of 1915. Moudros' importance receded, although it remained the Allied base for the blockade of the Dardanelles during the war. The town of Lemnos, Victoria , Australia, established in 1927 as

6162-471: Was required to participate in the expedition to reclaim her for Menelaus that became the Trojan War . However, on the way to Troy , Philoctetes was left behind and stranded on the island of Lemnos . There are at least four stories about what caused the Greeks to abandon Philoctetes, but in every version he received a wound on his foot that festered and had a terrible smell. One version holds that Philoctetes

6241-526: Was succeeded by his son Leonardo and his daughters, who partitioned the island into three fiefs between them. Leonardo retained the title of megadux of the Latin Empire and half the island with the capital, Kastro , while his sisters and their husbands received one quarter each with the fortresses of Moudros and Kotsinos . Leonardo died in 1260 and was succeeded by his son Paolo Navigajoso , who resisted Byzantine attempts at reconquest until his death during

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