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52-568: Stewart was born on July 4, 1734, in Hanover Township , Lancaster (now Dauphin ) County, Pennsylvania , and was of Irish descent. His parents, James Stewart and Martha Stewart, were cousins who married around 1731. In 1755, during the French and Indian War , Stewart raised and commanded a party of volunteers for the Braddock Expedition . His company was later assigned to guard settlements on

104-448: A combined population of 558,166 in 2015. The counties adjacent to Wyoming Valley include Monroe County (Southeast), Susquehanna County (Northeast), Wayne County (East), Columbia County (West), Bradford County (Northwest), Carbon County (South), Sullivan County (West) and Schuylkill County (Southwest). As of the 2000 census , the area also had the highest percentage of non-Hispanic whites of any U.S. metropolitan area with

156-547: A population over 500,000, with 96.2% of the population stating their race as white alone and not claiming Hispanic ethnicity, however the Hispanic demographic has been significantly rising since then. When metropolitan areas were first defined in 1950, Scranton and Wilkes-Barre were in separate metropolitan areas. Lackawanna County was defined as the Scranton Standard Metropolitan Area, while Luzerne County

208-522: A primary city in the 1990 census, while Monroe County lost its metropolitan status. After the 2000 census, Columbia County lost metropolitan status, while Hazleton was removed as a primary city. Scranton is the largest city in Lackawanna County as well as the entire metropolitan area by a large margin, nearly doubling the population of the second largest city in the metropolitan area, Wilkes Barre . The physical Wyoming Valley, also referred to as

260-611: A principal settlement in South Hanover Township stems from the past relationship the area had with a canal along the Swatara Creek. The canal was an important component of the community and was instrumental in its growth. Hoernerstown became a crossroads village from land originally owned by Major John Hoerner. It was named after the Major's father Andrew who emigrated from Prussia in 1755. A History of Hoernerstown by Edith Wert

312-675: A settlement for Christian Indians . But the violence of the French and Indian War , known outside the U.S. as part of the Seven Years' War , drove these settlers away with David Zeisberger , the Moravian "Apostle to the Indians." This led to conflicting claims to the territory by the colonies of Pennsylvania and Connecticut. King Charles II of England granted the land to the Colony of Connecticut in 1662, and then to William Penn in 1681, who established

364-521: A surprise assault captured Fort Durkee from the Yankees. Stewart returned to the Wyoming Valley and retook the fort on December 18, 1770. On January 21, 1771, a Pennamite force led by Ogden reentered the valley, besieged Fort Durkee, and began construction of Fort Wyoming. Their demand for the Yankees to surrender was rebuked. After Stewart ambushed and killed Amos Ogden's brother Nathan, Governor Penn offered

416-476: A £300 reward, however, Stewart managed to escaped to Connecticut. The victorious Pennamites destroyed Fort Durkee and took possession of the Wyoming Valley. In early July 1771, however, one hundred men under Butler and Stewart returned and laid siege to Fort Wyoming. Ogden slipped through the lines at night and raised a relief column in Philadelphia. The relief force was ambushed by the Yankees but managed to reach

468-444: Is eighteen pages of Enlightenment. Hoerner acquired a land grant, which was later divided into farms with a small portion left for the village. The southwestern and northern sections of South Hanover Township still remain primarily agricultural. Sand Beach , the cluster of homes in the extreme eastern part of the township, lies at the point where Manada Creek flows into Swatara Creek and was originally called "Manadaville". The town

520-608: Is historically notable for its influence in helping fuel the American Industrial Revolution with its many anthracite coal mines . As a metropolitan area , it is known as the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre metropolitan area , after its principal cities, Scranton and Wilkes-Barre . With a population of 567,559 as of the 2020 United States census , it is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Pennsylvania , after

572-411: Is known for the 220-foot (67 m) covered bridge built in 1906 that crossed Swatara Creek between Derry Township and South Hanover Township. The bridge, restored by Hershey Enterprises in 1964, burned the night of September 3, 1966. Business and industry in this little town included a sawmill, grist mill, cabinet shop, store and schoolhouse. The original Hanover Township was organized at a session of

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624-415: Is notable for its deposits of anthracite . These have been extensively mined. Deep mining of anthracite has declined throughout the greater Coal Region , however, due to the greater economics of strip mining. Parts of the local mines had already shut down because some coal beds were on fire and had to be sealed, but the exodus of mining companies came quickly following the legal and political repercussions of

676-671: Is part of the Wyoming Valley Metropolitan Statistical Area, it is not part of the physical valley. Scranton is the cultural center of the Wyoming Valley, being the largest city by population in the metropolitan area. The Wyoming Valley also has professional sports teams; they include the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders ( Minor League Baseball Class AAA ), the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins ( American Hockey League ), and

728-497: The Anthracite Valley Section , is different from the Wyoming Valley metropolitan statistical area . The physical Wyoming Valley is a canoe-shaped valley , about 25 miles (40 km) long, which extends from the counties of Susquehanna and Wayne (in the north) to Columbia County (in the south). It includes the cities of Carbondale , Scranton , Pittston , Wilkes-Barre , and Nanticoke . Even though Wyoming County

780-588: The Conestoga Massacre . The shocked government ordered the arrest of those who took part in the massacre, but to no avail. Even those who had opposed the massacres, such as Elder, refused to volunteer the names of the ringleaders to the government. In February 1764, the Paxton Boys marched on Philadelphia but were met at Germantown by a delegation led by Benjamin Franklin who agreed to submit their grievances to

832-681: The Delaware Valley , Greater Pittsburgh , the Lehigh Valley , and the Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical areas . Within the geology of Pennsylvania the Wyoming Valley makes up its own unique physiographic province , the Anthracite Valley . Greater Pittston occupies the center of the valley. Scranton is the most populated city in the metropolitan area with a population of 77,114. The city of Scranton grew in population after

884-626: The Juniata River . In the summer of 1763, during Pontiac's War , frontier settlements of Pennsylvania were frequently attacked by the Lenape and Shawnee . The Pennsylvania Gazette claimed, "Carlisle was become the barrier not a single individual beyond it." In the crisis, the response of the Commonwealth government was sluggish. There had long been friction between the Presbyterian settlers of

936-689: The Province of Pennsylvania , leading to military skirmishes known as the Pennamite–Yankee War . After Yankee settlers from Connecticut founded Wilkes-Barre in 1769, armed bands of Pennsylvanians,, known as Pennamites, tried unsuccessfully to expel them between 1769 and 70, and then again in 1775. During the American Revolutionary War , the Battle of Wyoming took place in the valley on July 3, 1778, in which more than 300 Revolutionaries died at

988-954: The Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Steamers ( Premier Basketball League ). The Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers were a minor league arena football team in Wilkes-Barre (from 2001 to 2009). Local attractions include the Mohegan Sun Arena at Casey Plaza in Wilkes-Barre , the Pocono Raceway in Long Pond , PNC Field in Moosic , Mohegan Pennsylvania in Plains , the Toyota Pavilion in Scranton ,

1040-1021: The Wyoming Valley Mall in Wilkes-Barre , the Shoppes at Montage in Moosic , the Steamtown Mall in Scranton , the Viewmont Mall in Scranton / Dickson City , Pennsylvania, and the Montage Mountain Waterpark/Ski Resort in Scranton . Other historic attractions include Eckley Miners' Village and the Steamtown National Historic Site . This area is celebrated in Lydia Sigourney 's poem Vale of Wyoming published in her Scenes in my Native Land, 1845, with accompanying descriptive text. The airports for this area are Wilkes-Barre/Scranton International Airport and

1092-592: The 1959 Knox Mine disaster when the roof of the Knox Coal Company's mine under the Susquehanna River collapsed. The Pocono Mountains , a ridgeline away, are often visible from higher elevations to the east and to the southeast of the Wyoming Valley. The name Wyoming derives from the Lenape Munsee name xwéːwamənk , meaning "at the big river flat." According to The Jesuit Relations in 1635,

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1144-401: The 2015 mid-term census while Wilkes-Barre declined in population. Wilkes-Barre remains the second most-populated city in the metropolitan area, while Hazleton is the third most-populated city in the metropolitan area. The valley is a crescent-shaped depression, a part of the ridge-and-valley or folded Appalachians . The Susquehanna River occupies the southern part of the valley, which

1196-695: The Christian Lenape and Mohican settlements near the Moravian mission at Bethlehem , and the Susquehannock at Conestoga Town . Such anger was directed by the settlers against the Moravian Lenape and Mohican for their suspected part in abetting indigenous raids, that the Pennsylvanian government had them moved to Philadelphia in November 1763. In Lancaster County, feelings were very much aroused against

1248-591: The Governor and Assembly. While the Paxton Boys obtained few concrete concessions, neither Stewart nor any of the other participants in the massacre were ever prosecuted for their deeds. Stewart felt a great deal of animosity towards the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and in January 1770, he led 40 of the Paxton Boys from Lancaster County to the Wyoming Valley . At the time, settlers from Connecticut (Yankees) were contesting

1300-645: The Lancaster County Court in 1736–1737. In 1785 it was divided into two separate and distinct townships, named East Hanover and West Hanover. These two townships were divided by Raison Creek until 1813, when Lebanon County was split away from Dauphin County. This split placed East Hanover Township in Lebanon County and West Hanover Township in Dauphin County. On March 4, 1842, the original West Hanover Township

1352-546: The Paxton Boys, took a small scouting party to Conestoga Town to investigate the report of a "hostile Indian" being sheltered by the Susquehannock. Smith alleged that he saw "dozens of strange, armed Indians" and with Stewart began to assemble a more substantial force. Elder heard of the expedition, and sent a written message dissuading it, to no effect. On the morning of December 14, 1763, just before dawn, fifty armed and mounted men descended upon Conestoga Town, killed and scalped

1404-473: The Susquehannock, the more so after the Moravian Lenape and Mohican were protected by the Commonwealth — whose authority the frontiersmen doubtless felt should be exerted for their protection from "Indians" and not vice versa . Elder wrote to the government in September 1763, urging for the Susquehannock to be removed to Philadelphia as well, but the proposal was declined. In December 1763, Matthew Smith , one of

1456-521: The Wyoming Valley from the south. Connecticut raised four hundred men under Butler (now a colonel), and a confrontation took place over two days at Christmas. Stewart, with twenty men, ambushed the Pennamites on Christmas Eve as they attempted to cross to the east side of the Susquehanna River under cover of darkness. On Christmas Day, Plunket attacked Bulter's position on the west side of the river but

1508-665: The Wyoming Valley was inhabited by the Scahentoarrhonon people, an Iroquoian-speaking group; it was then known as the Scahentowanen Valley. By 1744, it was inhabited by Lenape , Mohican , Shawnee and others who had been pushed out of eastern areas by the Iroquois Confederacy . From the 1740s to the 1760s, the valley was the site of Moravian mission work among the Native Americans living there. They envisioned

1560-423: The age of 18 living with them, 71.6% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.9% were non-families. 14.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.12. In the township the population was spread out, with 27.8% under

1612-467: The age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.7 males. The median income for a household in the township was $ 64,010, and the median income for a family was $ 67,288. Males had a median income of $ 47,188 versus $ 29,797 for females. The per capita income for

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1664-426: The areas now known as Lower Swatara , Swatara , Lower Paxton , Derry and Susquehanna townships. By action of the court of Lancaster in 1785, East Hanover and West Hanover townships separated from Derry Township . On March 4, 1842, East and West Hanover townships of Dauphin County were finally designated as separate governmental precincts, and South Hanover separated from West Hanover. Hence, South Hanover

1716-651: The company from Hanover Township) and others argued that they should immediately attack and drive off the enemy before they could be besieged in Forty Fort. Their counsel carried the day, and the militia marched out on July 3, 1778. They encountered the Loyalist and Haudenosaunee forces a few miles away. During the Battle of Wyoming , a flanking maneuver by the Haudenosaunee panicked the militia and utterly routed them. Stewart and his cousin, Lazarus Stewart Jr. were both killed in

1768-637: The fight. The men wounded or taken prisoner by the Haudenosaunee were killed in what is commonly known as the Wyoming Massacre. After learning of the defeat, Stewart's wife and children fled down the Susquehanna River to their former home, and remained in Lancaster County until the close of the war. South Hanover Township, Pennsylvania South Hanover Township is a township in Dauphin County , Pennsylvania , United States. The population

1820-487: The fort. After a month-long siege, Fort Wyoming capitulated on August 15, 1771. For the next four years the Wyoming Valley enjoyed relative peace. Stewart, who had married Martha Espy in 1765 in Lancaster County, brought his wife and children to the valley and turned his attention to farming. The Yankee-Pennamite Wars resumed in August 1775, when a Pennsylvania force of several hundred men under Colonel William Plunket approached

1872-504: The frontier and the Quaker dominated government, and the damage done by the raids caused further resentment. In Lancaster County, John Elder , a Presbyterian minister, raised two companies of associators , known as the Paxton Boys , mainly from Hanover and neighboring Paxton Township , captained by Stewart and Asher Clayton. Several indigenous enclaves existed east of the frontier, including

1924-562: The hands of Loyalists and their Iroquois allies. The incident was depicted by the Scottish poet Thomas Campbell in his 1809 poem Gertrude of Wyoming . At the time, rebel colonists widely believed that Joseph Brant , a Mohawk chief, had led the Iroquois forces; in the poem, Brant is described as the "Monster Brant" because of the atrocities committed. Later colonists determined that Brant had not been present at this conflict. The popularity of

1976-493: The poem may have led to the state of Wyoming later being named after the valley. The Yankee-Pennamite Wars were eventually settled in the 1780s. The disputed land was granted to Pennsylvania. The Wyoming Valley became part of Northumberland County . However, settlers in what was then the Colony of Connecticut wanted to create a new state in Northeastern Pennsylvania . Massachusetts businessman Timothy Pickering

2028-736: The possession of the area with the Pennsylvanians (Pennamites), in a struggle that became the first of the Yankee-Pennamite Wars. Captain Zebulon Butler , representing the Susquehanna Company, recruited Stewart and his men for the Yankee side, encouraging them with the promise of land in what became Hanover Township . Stewart's band captured Fort Ogden from the Pennamites on February 23, 1770. One of his men, either Jacob or Baltzer Stagard,

2080-589: The six Susquehannock they found there, and burned the settlement. While the Susquehannock were probably in communication with the Lenape and Shawnee on the frontier, the results of the Paxton Boys' attack were hardly inline with their supposed justification of harboring hostile warriors. Fourteen of the Susquehannock had been elsewhere when the massacre occurred, and were removed to the workhouse in Lancaster for protection. Stewart and Smith, asserting that one of those fourteen

2132-426: The township was $ 29,213. About 1.7% of families and 1.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 2.0% of those under age 18 and 1.0% of those age 65 or over. 40°18′00″N 76°41′59″W  /  40.30000°N 76.69972°W  / 40.30000; -76.69972 Wyoming Valley The Wyoming Valley is a historic industrialized region of Northeastern Pennsylvania . The region

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2184-456: Was 425.8 inhabitants per square mile (164.4/km ). There were 1,772 housing units at an average density of 157.4 per square mile (60.8/km ). The racial makeup of the township was 97.62% White , 0.33% African American , 0.29% Native American , 0.94% Asian , 0.08% from other races , and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.79% of the population. There were 1,706 households, out of which 39.6% had children under

2236-432: Was 7,200 at the 2020 census , an increase over the figure of 6,248 tabulated in 2010. South Hanover Township was originally a part of Paxtang Township , Lancaster County , Pennsylvania. On March 4, 1785, Dauphin County was formed from Lancaster County, with borders roughly matching those of Paxtang Township. By about 1787 Paxtang was separated into Upper, Middle and Lower Paxtang Townships. Lower Paxtang Township embraced

2288-414: Was a known murderer, assembled the Paxton Boys again. Ignoring Elder, who remonstrated with them in person, they descended upon Lancaster on December 27, 1763, and broke into the workhouse. Matthew Smith later claimed that the intent of the raid had been to carry off the murderer, but the Paxton Boys, butchered the fourteen unfortunate Susquehannock including women and children. These incidents became known as

2340-602: Was defined as the Wilkes-Barre– Hazleton metropolitan area. The two metropolitan areas were merged after the 1970 census as the Northeast Pennsylvania Standard metropolitan statistical area, with Monroe County added as a component. It was renamed the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre metropolitan statistical area after the 1980 census, and Columbia and Wyoming counties were added. Hazleton was added as

2392-498: Was established in 1842 as 11.3 square miles (29 km ). In 1845, the village of Union Deposit was laid out. It had two dry goods stores, two shoe stores, one millinery , a tailor shop, a hotel, an iron ore furnace, a flour mill, a wagon factory, a warehouse, a brick yard, and two resident physicians. The early business activity was stimulated by the Union Canal , whose virgin barge trip occurred in 1828. The principal settlement in South Hanover Township from 1750 to 1791. The town

2444-432: Was forced to withdraw. In late June 1778, a strong force of Loyalist troops and Haudenosaunee under Major John Butler approached the Wyoming Valley from the north. Zebulon Butler, home on leave from the Continental Army at the time, was chosen to lead the militia which assembled at Forty Fort . Colonel Butler favored delay, as he anticipated the arrival of reinforcements, however, Stewart (who had taken over command of

2496-436: Was founded, Luzerne County occupied a large portion of Northeastern Pennsylvania. From 1810 to 1878, it was divided into several smaller counties. The counties of Bradford , Lackawanna , Susquehanna , and Wyoming were all formed from parts of Luzerne County. The Scranton–Wilkes-Barre–Hazleton, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area, also known as the Wyoming Valley, covers Lackawanna , Luzerne , and Wyoming counties. It had

2548-449: Was only a fort with six outposts. At one outpost (Milton Hershey Farm Unit 15) was a triangular tower used as a lookout. At the time of the fort, there were only two roads. In 1845, Phillip Wolfsberger and Issac Hershey laid out the land and called it the village of Union Deposit. The name came about due to the area's use as a place to deposit goods meant to be transported on the Union Canal. Much of Union Deposit's early commercial success as

2600-399: Was sent to the region to politically examine the situation. This led the Pennsylvania General Assembly to pass a resolution creating Luzerne County . This ended the idea of creating a new state. On September 25, 1786, Luzerne County was formed from part of Northumberland County. It was named after Chevalier de la Luzerne , a French soldier and diplomat during the 18th century. When it

2652-428: Was split into East and South Hanover townships. According to the United States Census Bureau , South Hanover Township has a total area of 11.4 square miles (29.5 km ), of which 11.3 square miles (29.2 km ) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km ), or 1.10%, is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,793 people, 1,706 households, and 1,400 families residing in the township. The population density

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2704-427: Was the first man to be killed in the conflict, when the Pennamites under Captain Amos Ogden unsuccessfully attempted to retake the fort a month later. Stewart was arrested in September 1770 in Lancaster County but quickly escaped custody. Governor John Penn offered a reward of £50, and Stewart was recaptured in October. Once again he was able to escape, still in handcuffs and without his shoes. On September 24, 1770,

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