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80-683: First authorized by the U.S. Congress on September 30, 1968 (Public Law 90-537), the Animas-La Plata Water Project, as it came to be known, experienced a few decades of delays due in part to political concerns, farming claims, environmental challenges, cost overruns and government funding issues. A breakthrough to the delays came with the Colorado Ute Settlement Act Amendments in December 2000 (Public Law 106–554). The Bureau of Reclamation began construction in 2003, with

160-474: A budō ( 武道 , martial way) . Kano rejected techniques that did not conform to these principles and emphasized the importance of efficiency in the execution of techniques. He was convinced that practice of jujutsu while conforming to these ideals was a route to self-improvement and the betterment of society in general. He was, however, acutely conscious of the Japanese public's negative perception of jujutsu: At

240-420: A Waza is known as tori ( 取り , literally "taker") and the person to whom it is performed is known as uke ( 受け , "receiver") . Nage-waza include all techniques in which tori attempts to throw or trip uke , usually with the aim of placing uke on their back. Each technique has three distinct stages: Nage-waza are typically drilled by the use of uchi-komi ( 内込 ) , repeated turning-in, taking

320-750: A pin , or force an opponent to submit with a joint lock or a choke . While strikes and use of weapons are included in some pre-arranged forms (kata), they are not frequently trained and are illegal in judo competition or free practice. Judo's international governing body is the International Judo Federation , and competitors compete in the international IJF professional circuit. Judo's philosophy revolves around two primary principles: "Seiryoku-Zenyo" ( 精力善用 , lit.   ' good use of energy ' ) and "Jita-Kyoei" ( 自他共栄 , lit.   ' mutual welfare and benefit ' ) . The philosophy and subsequent pedagogy developed for judo became

400-661: A 120,000-acre-foot (150,000,000 m ) reservoir in southwestern Colorado, is named in his honor. Campbell is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One . In 2008, during the Cherokee freedmen controversy , Campbell authored a piece in The Hill criticizing the efforts of members of Congress attempting to terminate recognition of the Cherokee Nation's government, and condemning the lawmakers' "paternalistic efforts": "In

480-796: A congressman in 1987. Others attributed the switch to personal hostility within the Democratic Party in Colorado. In 1998, Campbell was reelected to the Senate by what was then the largest margin in Colorado history for a statewide race. After winning reelection, Campbell identified as a moderate Republican , saying that his reelection "shows the moderate voices within the Republican Party are dominating". During President Bill Clinton's impeachment trial , Campbell voted to convict Clinton on both articles of impeachment against him; in his final statement before

560-406: A constitutional amendment intended to ban same-sex marriage, on the grounds that it should be left to the states. The Senate Ethics Committee investigated accusations that Campbell's former chief of staff, Virginia Kontnik, inflated bonuses to an aide in 2002 so he could return the money to her. In subsequent interviews, Kontnik claimed that Campbell had approved the deal, which he denied. After

640-673: A form of sport. Certainly, to some extent, the same may be said of boxing and fencing, but today they are practiced and conducted as sports. Then the Olympic Games are so strongly flavored with nationalism that it is possible to be influenced by it and to develop "Contest Judo", a retrograde form as ju-jitsu was before the Kodokan was founded. Judo should be free as art and science from any external influences, political, national, racial, and financial or any other organized interest. And all things connected with it should be directed to its ultimate object,

720-401: A former soldier, agreed to show him kata , but not to teach him. The caretaker of Jirosaku's second house, Katagiri Ryuji, also knew jujutsu, but would not teach it as he believed it was no longer of practical use. Another frequent visitor, Imai Genshiro of Kyushin-ryū school of jujutsu, also refused. Several years passed before he finally found a willing teacher. In 1877, as a student at

800-584: A lifting motion from the hips; and ashi-waza ( 足技 , foot and leg techniques) , throws in which tori predominantly utilises their legs. Katame-waza is further categorised into osaekomi-waza ( 抑込技 , holding techniques) , in which tori traps and pins uke on their back on the floor; shime-waza ( 絞技 , strangulation techniques) , in which tori attempts to force a submission by choking or strangling uke ; and kansetsu-waza ( 関節技 , joint techniques) , in which tori attempts to submit uke by painful manipulation of their joints. A related concept

880-458: A long time wished to see judo as an Olympic discipline . The first time judo was seen in the Olympic Games was in an informal demonstration hosted by Kano at the 1932 Games . However, Kano was ambivalent about judo's potential inclusion as an Olympic sport: I have been asked by people of various sections as to the wisdom and possibility of judo being introduced with other games and sports at

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960-485: A match with yuko scores now included within waza-ari. Ippon is scored in ne-waza for pinning an opponent on his back with a recognised osaekomi-waza for 20 seconds or by forcing a submission through shime-waza or kansetsu-waza . A submission is signalled by tapping the mat or the opponent at least twice with the hand or foot, or by saying maitta ( まいった , I surrender) . A pin lasting for less than 20 seconds, but more than 10 seconds scores waza-ari (formerly waza-ari

1040-588: A method consisting of a collection of physical techniques. Accordingly, he changed the second character to dō ( 道 ) , meaning "way", "road" or "path", which implies a more philosophical context than jutsu and has a common origin with the Chinese concept of tao . Thus Kano renamed it Jūdō ( 柔道 , judo) . There are three basic categories of waza ( 技 , techniques) in judo: nage-waza ( 投げ技 , throwing techniques) , katame-waza ( 固技 , grappling techniques) and atemi-waza ( 当て身技 , striking techniques) . Judo

1120-547: A vital point. Atemi-waza are not permitted outside of kata . Judo pedagogy emphasizes randori ( 乱取り , literally "taking chaos", but meaning "free practice") . This term covers a variety of forms of practice, and the intensity at which it is carried out varies depending on intent and the level of expertise of the participants. At one extreme, is a compliant style of randori, known as Yakusoku geiko ( 約束稽古 , prearranged practice) , in which neither participant offers resistance to their partner's attempts to throw. A related concept

1200-553: A young man, Campbell was introduced to the Japanese martial art of judo by Japanese immigrant families he met while working in local agricultural fields. Campbell attended Placer High School , dropping out in 1951 to join the U.S. Air Force . He was stationed in Korea during the Korean War as an air policeman; he left the Air Force in 1953 with the rank of Airman Second Class, as well as

1280-612: Is a vitally important aspect of judo. In 1899, Kano was asked to chair a committee of the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai to draw up the first formal set of contest rules for jujutsu. These rules were intended to cover contests between different various traditional schools of jujutsu as well as practitioners of Kodokan judo. Contests were 15 minutes long and were judged on the basis of nage waza and katame waza , excluding atemi waza . Wins were by two ippons, awarded in every four-main different path of winning alternatives, by "Throwing", where

1360-635: Is an American politician who represented Colorado's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1987 to 1993 and was a United States Senator from Colorado from 1993 to 2005. He serves as one of 44 members of the Council of Chiefs of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Tribe . During his time in office, he was the only Native American serving in Congress. He was

1440-429: Is based, allowing for the practice of techniques that are not allowed in randori, and to preserve ancient techniques that are historically important but are no longer used in contemporary judo. There are ten kata that are recognized by the Kodokan today: In addition, there are a number of commonly practiced kata that are not recognised by the Kodokan. Some of the more common kata include: Contest ( 試合 , shiai )

1520-528: Is in recognition of his significant contribution in the promotions and mutual understanding between Japan, the United States. November 2021: Inducted into National Native American Hall of Fame in Oklahoma City, OK. Judo Judo ( Japanese : 柔道 , Hepburn : Jūdō , lit.   ' gentle way ' ) is an unarmed modern Japanese martial art , combat sport , Olympic sport (since 1964), and

1600-553: Is inseparable from its founder, Japanese polymath and educator Kanō Jigorō ( 嘉納 治五郎 , Jigoro Kano, 1860–1938) , born Shinnosuke Jigorō ( 新之助 治五郎 , Jigorō Shinnosuke) . Kano was born into a relatively affluent family. His father, Jirosaku, was the second son of the head priest of the Shinto Hiyoshi shrine in Shiga Prefecture . He married Sadako Kano, daughter of the owner of Kiku-Masamune sake brewing company and

1680-504: Is mostly known for nage-waza and katame-waza . Judo practitioners typically devote a portion of each practice session to ukemi ( 受け身 , break-falls) , in order that nage-waza can be practiced without significant risk of injury. Several distinct types of ukemi exist, including ushiro ukemi ( 後ろ受身 , rear breakfalls) ; yoko ukemi ( 横受け身 , side breakfalls) ; mae ukemi ( 前受け身 , front breakfalls) ; and zenpo kaiten ukemi ( 前方回転受身 , rolling breakfalls) The person who performs

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1760-465: Is now regarded as the Kodokan founding. The Eisho-ji dōjō was originally shoin . It was a relatively small affair, consisting of a 12 jo (214 sq ft) training area. Kano took in resident and non-resident students, the first two being Tomita Tsunejirō and Shiro Saigo . In August, the following year, the pair were granted shodan ( 初段 , first rank) grades, the first that had been awarded in any martial art. Central to Kano's vision for judo were

1840-579: Is said to have emphasized technique over formal exercise, sowing the seeds of Kano's emphasis on randori ( 乱取り , randori , free practice) in judo. On Fukuda's death in 1880, Kano, who had become his keenest and most able student in both randori and kata , was given the densho ( 伝書 , scrolls) of the Fukuda dōjō. Kano chose to continue his studies at another Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū school, that of Iso Masatomo ( c.  1820 –1881). Iso placed more emphasis on

1920-416: Is that of Sute geiko ( 捨稽古 , throw-away practice) , in which an experienced judoka allows himself to be thrown by his less-experienced partner. At the opposite extreme from yakusoku geiko is the hard style of randori that seeks to emulate the style of judo seen in competition. While hard randori is the cornerstone of judo, over-emphasis of the competitive aspect is seen as undesirable by traditionalists if

2000-400: Is that of ne-waza ( 寝技 , prone techniques) , in which waza are applied from a non-standing position. In competitive judo, Kansetsu-waza is currently limited to elbow joint manipulation. Manipulation and locking of other joints can be found in various kata, such as Katame-no-kata and Kodokan goshin jutsu . Atemi-waza are techniques in which tori disables uke with a strike to

2080-440: Is the most popular and well-known style of judo, but is not the only one. The terms judo and jujutsu were quite interchangeable in the early years, so some of these forms of judo are still known as jujutsu or jiu-jitsu either for that reason, or simply to differentiate them from mainstream judo. From Kano's original style of judo, several related forms have evolved—some now widely considered to be distinct arts: Commonly described as

2160-585: The 2016 Republican presidential primaries . In July 2016, Campbell spoke to Colorado Public Radio about regretting his support of the Iraq War: "I have some misgivings about the way I voted but we were voting on the best information that we had at the time. I think if there was a weakness early on [it] is that the administration had several people in there really pushing for American involvement...In retrospect after seeing that there [were] no weapons of mass destruction and that we did not have really good intelligence on

2240-644: The Art of the Olympians organization. Campbell was elected to the Colorado State Legislature as a Democrat in November 1982, and served two terms. He was voted one of the 10 Best Legislators by his colleagues in a 1986 Denver Post – News Center 4 survey. In 1986, Campbell was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, defeating incumbent Mike Strang ; he was reelected twice to this seat. In 1989, he authored

2320-552: The Choctaws , and many other tribes, taking their land by force. That wasn't a Republican that did that. That was a Democrat… so when people say the Democrat Party has been more willing to help Native Americans, I dispute that. That's not true." He went on to say how optimistic he was that more Native people were becoming involved and running for office, expressed support for Trump and his immigration policies, and voiced his concern with

2400-674: The Eisho-ji ( 永昌寺 ) , a Buddhist temple in what was then the Shitaya ward of Tokyo (now the Higashi Ueno district of Taitō ward). Iikubo, Kano's Kitō-ryū instructor, attended the dōjō three days a week to help teach and, although two years would pass before the temple would be called by the name Kōdōkan ( 講道館 , Kodokan , "place for expounding the way") , and Kano had not yet received his Menkyo ( 免許 , certificate of mastery) in Kitō-ryū , this

2480-531: The Korean Service Medal and the Air Medal . While in the Air Force, Campbell obtained his GED and, after his discharge, used the G.I. Bill to attend San Jose State University , graduating in 1957 with a Bachelor of Arts in physical education and fine arts. He is listed as Ben M. Campbell in his college records and records of his Olympic competition, but was given the name "Nighthorse" when he returned to

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2560-524: The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (警視庁武術大会, Keishicho Bujutsu Taikai ), resulting in its adoption as the department's primary martial art. A judo practitioner is called a "judoka" ( 柔道家 , jūdōka , lit.   ' judo performer ' ) , and the judo uniform is called "judogi" ( 柔道着 , jūdōgi , lit.   ' judo attire ' ) . The objective of competitive judo is to throw an opponent, immobilize them with

2640-526: The University of Tokyo , Kano learned that many jujutsu teachers had been forced to pursue alternative careers, frequently opening Seikotsu-in ( 整骨院 , traditional osteopathy practices) . After inquiring at a number of these, Kano was referred to Fukuda Hachinosuke ( c.  1828 –1880), a teacher of the Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū of jujutsu, who had a small nine mat dōjō where he taught five students. Fukuda

2720-638: The prisoner abuse in Iraq by American military personnel and viewing unpublished abuse images alongside Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld 's Senate testimony, Campbell admonished the administration and military leadership: "I don't know how the hell these people got into our army." On March 3, 2004, Campbell announced that he would not seek reelection due to health concerns, having recently been treated for prostate cancer and heartburn . He retired from office in January 2005, later saying of his decision: "Somewhere along

2800-638: The "Benefit of Humanity". Human sacrifice is a matter of ancient history. At the 57th general session of the International Olympic Committee , held in Rome on 22 August 1960, the IOC members formally decided to include Judo among the events to be contested at the Olympic Games. The proposal, which was placed before the session by the Japanese delegation, was welcomed by all participants. The few who opposed had nothing against Judo itself but against increasing

2880-456: The Democrats would move to impeach knowing they would fail to convict in the Senate, saying, "The cost of this and what it does to the country, it kind of tears the fabric of the nation apart." In October 2020, Campbell appeared on Indian Country Today to speak on a variety of issues, including his party switch in 1995 and promoting free enterprise for Native Americans. He defended his switch to

2960-519: The Kodokan with amendments made to prohibit all joint locks for kyu grades and added wrist locks to the prohibited kansetsu-waza for dan grades. It was also stated that the ratio of tachi-waza to ne-waza should be between 70% and 80% for kyu grades and between 60% and 70% for dan grades. In 1916, additional rulings were brought in to further limit kansetsu waza with the prohibition of ashi garami and neck locks, as well as do jime . These were further added to in 1925. Jigoro Kano for

3040-595: The Northern Cheyenne reservation for his name-giving ceremony, as a member of his father's family, Blackhorse. In college, Campbell was a member of the San Jose State judo team, coached by future USA Olympic coach Yosh Uchida . While training for the Olympic Games, Campbell attended Meiji University in Tokyo, Japan, as a special research student from 1960 to 1964. The Meiji team was world-renowned and Campbell credited

3120-769: The Olympic Games, Campbell worked as a deputy sheriff in Sacramento County, California , coached the U.S. national judo team, operated his own dojo in Sacramento, and taught high school (physical education and art classes). He and his wife also raised quarterhorses, including a Supreme Champion and AQHA Champion, Sailors Night. They bought a ranch near Ignacio, Colorado , on the Southern Ute reservation in 1978. In Herman Viola's book Ben Nighthorse Campbell: An American Warrior , Campbell recounts learning to make jewelry from his father and flattening silver dollars on train tracks for

3200-454: The Olympic Games. My view on the matter, at present, is rather passive. If it be the desire of other member countries, I have no objection. But I do not feel inclined to take any initiative. For one thing, judo in reality is not a mere sport or game. I regard it as a principle of life, art and science. In fact, it is a means for personal cultural attainment. Only one of the forms of judo training, so-called randori or free practice can be classed as

3280-605: The Republican Party, and when asked whether its policies were better for Native peoples, he replied: "The head of the Ku Klux Klan was not a Republican, it was a Democrat . It wasn't a Republican who put 350,000 Japanese Americans in prison without any legal authority to do it, that was a Democrat, Roosevelt . And Andrew Jackson drove the Trail of Tears, of the Cherokees , the Chickasaws ,

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3360-401: The U.S. some time before. The Vierra family settled in the large Portuguese community near Sacramento . When Mary Vierra contracted tuberculosis in her youth, she was forced to convalesce at a nearby hospital, often for months at a time during treatment. It was there that she met a Native American patient, Albert Campbell, who was at the hospital for alcoholism treatment. Albert Campbell

3440-591: The bill HR 2668 to establish the National Museum of the American Indian, which became PL 101–185. The early 1990s marked a turning point in Campbell's political career. In 1992 , after Senator Tim Wirth announced his retirement, Campbell won a three-way Democratic primary against former three-term Governor Richard Lamm and Boulder County Commissioner Josie Heath, who had been the party's nominee in 1990. During

3520-532: The contest. A lesser throw, where the opponent is thrown onto his back, but with insufficient force to merit an ippon, scores a waza-ari ( 技あり ) . Two scores of waza-ari equal an ippon waza-ari awasete ippon ( 技あり合わせて一本 ,  ) . This rule was cancelled in 2017, but it was resumed in 2018. Formerly, a throw that places the opponent onto his side scores a yuko ( 有効 ) . In 2017, the International Judo Federation announced changes in evaluation of points. There will only be ippon and waza-ari scores given during

3600-409: The family for weeks and months at a time. His mother continued to have problems with tuberculosis, a highly contagious disease that limited the contact she could have with her children and continued to force her into the hospital for long periods. These problems led Ben and his sister, Alberta (who died in an apparent suicide at age 44), to spend much of their early lives in nearby Catholic orphanages. As

3680-663: The first American Indian to chair the Senate Indian Affairs Committee. While in the Senate, Campbell voted to support the Supreme Court's Roe v. Wade decision. He gradually became more conservative during his tenure, reversing his position on late-term abortions and voting for the Defense of Marriage Act . However, in 2004, he was one of six Republicans who voted against the Federal Marriage Amendment ,

3760-529: The first Olympic gold medal in the open division of judo by defeating Akio Kaminaga of Japan. The women's event was introduced at the Olympics in 1988 as a demonstration event, and an official medal event in 1992 . Judo was introduced as a Paralympic sport at the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul , with women's events contested for the first time at 2004 Summer Paralympics . Judo was an optional sport included in

3840-454: The first contestant to achieve any score wins. If there is no score during this period, then the winner is decided by Hantei ( 判定 ) , the majority opinion of the referee and the two corner judges. There have been changes to the scoring. In January 2013, the Hantei was removed and the "Golden Score" no longer has a time limit. The match would continue until a judoka scored through a technique or if

3920-487: The ground to give us some guidance on how we should proceed, I now look back and think maybe I shouldn't have voted the way I did." In late 2018, Campbell joined several former Republican and Democratic senators in signing a letter supporting then-Special Counsel Robert Mueller 's investigation into alleged Russian collusion in the 2016 election. But he opposed the impeachment of President Donald Trump, defending Trump and calling it "a waste of time". He also questioned why

4000-480: The intent of the randori is to "win" rather than to learn. Kata ( 形 , kata, forms) are pre-arranged patterns of techniques and in judo, with the exception of elements of the Seiryoku-Zen'yō Kokumin-Taiiku , they are all practised with a partner. Their purposes include illustrating the basic principles of judo, demonstrating the correct execution of a technique, teaching the philosophical tenets upon which judo

4080-761: The last Native American elected to the U.S. Senate until the 2022 election of Cherokee Markwayne Mullin . Originally a member of the Democratic Party , Campbell switched to the Republican Party on March 3, 1995. Reelected to the Senate in 1998 , Campbell announced in March 2004 that he would not run for a third term. His seat was won by Democrat Ken Salazar in the November 2004 election . Campbell later expressed interest in running for governor of Colorado in 2006 , but on January 4, 2006, announced that he would not enter

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4160-625: The line, I said 'I'm not gonna die in this place. I want to do what I can, but I'm not dying here.'" He is the last Republican to be elected to the Class 3 Senate seat from Colorado. After his retirement, Campbell was a senior policy advisor at the firm of Holland and Knight, LLP, in Washington, D.C. In 2012, he left that firm to found Ben Nighthorse Consultants, a new lobbying firm. He also continues to design and craft his Ben Nighthorse line of American Indian jewelry. Completed in 2011, Lake Nighthorse ,

4240-482: The match; for safety infringements for example by using prohibited techniques, or for behavior that is deemed to be against the spirit of judo. Fighting must be stopped if a participant is outside the designated area on the mat. There are currently seven weight divisions , subject to change by governing bodies, and may be modified based on the age of the competitors: A throw that places the opponent on their back with impetus and control scores an ippon ( 一本 ) , winning

4320-510: The materials. He also used techniques learned from sword makers in Japan and other non-traditional techniques to win over 200 national and international awards for jewelry design under the name Ben Nighthorse, and in the late 1970s was included in a feature article in Arizona Highways magazine about Native artists experimenting in the "new look" of Indian jewelry. Campbell has works on display with

4400-419: The model for other modern Japanese martial arts that developed from Ko-ryū . Judo has also spawned a number of derivative martial arts around the world, such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu , Krav Maga , sambo , and ARB . Judo also influenced the formation of other combat styles such as close-quarters combat (CQC), mixed martial arts (MMA), shoot wrestling and submission wrestling . The early history of judo

4480-609: The most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally. Judo was created in 1882 by Kanō Jigorō ( 嘉納 治五郎 ) as an eclectic martial art, distinguishing itself from its predecessors (primarily Tenjin Shinyo-ryu jujutsu and Kitō-ryū jujutsu) due to an emphasis on " randori " ( 乱取り , lit. 'free sparring') instead of kata ( 形 , kata , pre-arranged forms) alongside its removal of striking and weapon training elements. Judo rose to prominence for its dominance over established jujutsu schools in tournaments hosted by

4560-513: The number of Olympic events as a whole. There were only two dissenting votes in the final poll. For the first time in history a traditional Japanese sport has been included in the Olympic competition. Finally, judo was first contested as an Olympic sport for men in the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Olympic Committee initially dropped judo for the 1968 Olympics, meeting protests. Dutchman Anton Geesink won

4640-427: The opponent is penalised (Hansoku-make). Two types of penalties may be awarded. A shido (指導 – literally "guidance") is awarded for minor rule infringements. A shido can also be awarded for a prolonged period of non-aggression. Recent rule changes allow for the first shidos to result in only warnings. If there is a tie, then and only then, will the number of shidos (if less than three) be used to determine

4720-412: The opponent's back strikes flat onto the mat with sufficient force, by "Pinning" them on their back for a "sufficient" amount of time, or by "Submission", which could be achieved via Shime-waza or Kansetsu-waza , in which the opponent was forced to give himself or herself up or summon a referee's or corner-judge's stoppage. Finger, toe and ankle locks were prohibited. In 1900, these rules were adopted by

4800-421: The past, interference with tribal affairs, often justified by a paternalistic 'we know best' mindset, has severely damaged the progress of tribes. Often, Congress not only didn't know best, but it based its decision on lies, mistaken assumptions and prejudice...Congress is again rushing to judgment when it thinks it knows better than the tribe and the courts." Campbell endorsed then- Ohio governor John Kasich in

4880-461: The practice of "kata", and entrusted randori instruction to assistants, increasingly to Kano. Iso died in June 1881 and Kano went on to study at the dōjō of Iikubo Tsunetoshi (1835–1889) of Kitō-ryū ( 起倒流 ) . Like Fukuda, Iikubo placed much emphasis on randori , with Kitō-ryū having a greater focus on nage-waza ( 投げ技 , throwing techniques) . In February 1882, Kano founded a school and dōjō at

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4960-425: The preparation and discipline taught at Meiji for his 1961, 1962, and 1963 U.S. National titles and his gold medal in the 1963 Pan-American Games . In 1964, Campbell competed in judo at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. This made him the first Native American on the U.S. Olympic judo team. He suffered an injury and did not win a medal. He broke his ankle and was out for two years. In the years after returning from

5040-412: The primary campaign, Lamm supporters accused Heath of "spoiling" the election by splitting the vote of the party's left wing. Heath's campaign argued that it was Campbell who should not have run, because his voting record in Congress had been much more like that of a Republican. Campbell won the primary with 45% of the vote and defeated Republican State Senator Terry Considine in the general election. He

5120-524: The principles of seiryoku zen'yō ( 精力善用 , maximum efficiency, minimum effort) and jita kyōei ( 自他共栄 , mutual welfare and benefit) . He illustrated the application of seiryoku zen'yō with the concept of jū yoku gō o seisu ( 柔能く剛を制す - 柔能剛制 , softness controls hardness) : In short, resisting a more powerful opponent will result in your defeat, whilst adjusting to and evading your opponent's attack will cause him to lose his balance, his power will be reduced, and you will defeat him. This can apply whatever

5200-476: The race. He later became a lobbyist for the law and lobbying firm Holland & Knight and afterward co-founded his own lobbying firm, Ben Nighthorse Consultants. Campbell was born Benny Campbell in Auburn, California . His mother, Mary Vierra (Vieira), was a Portuguese immigrant who had come at age six with her mother to the U.S. through Ellis Island . According to Campbell, his maternal grandfather had entered

5280-485: The relative values of power, thus making it possible for weaker opponents to beat significantly stronger ones. This is the theory of ju yoku go o seisu . Kano realised that seiryoku zen'yō , initially conceived as a jujutsu concept, had a wider philosophical application. Coupled with the Confucianist -influenced jita kyōei , the wider application shaped the development of judo from a bujutsu ( 武術 , martial art) to

5360-511: The reservoir filling to capacity on June 29, 2011, at a total cost of $ 500 million. Lake Nighthorse is named in honor of former United States Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell , R-Colo. Lake Nighthorse covers Sacred Ridge , a former multiple habitation archaeological site. The lake is open as of April 1, 2018 for recreation, fishing and boating. It has been stocked with kokanee salmon, rainbow trout and brown trout. Ben Nighthorse Campbell Ben Nighthorse Campbell (born April 13, 1933)

5440-546: The rise of antifa . In September 2021, Campbell endorsed Olympic athlete and Air Force veteran Eli Bremer in the Colorado Republican primary for the 2022 U.S. Senate race to challenge Democrat Michael Bennet . After Bremer lost the primary, Campbell endorsed Republican nominee Joe O'Dea in June 2022. In 1966, Campbell married the former Linda Price, a public school teacher who was a native of Colorado. They have two children and four grandchildren. Linda Campbell

5520-778: The three editions of the Commonwealth Games : 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester and 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. From 2022, judo will become a core sport in the 22nd edition of the Commonwealth Games, in Birmingham and also the 23rd edition of the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Penalties may be given for: passivity or preventing progress in

5600-555: The throw up to the point of kake . Traditionally, nage-waza are further categorised into tachi-waza ( 立ち技 , standing techniques) , throws that are performed with tori maintaining an upright position, and sutemi-waza ( 捨身技 , sacrifice techniques) , throws in which tori sacrifices his upright position in order to throw uke . Tachi-waza are further subdivided into te-waza ( 手技 , hand techniques) , in which tori predominantly uses their arms to throw uke ; koshi-waza ( 腰技 , hip techniques) throws that predominantly use

5680-449: The time a few bujitsu (martial arts) experts still existed but bujitsu was almost abandoned by the nation at large. Even if I wanted to teach jujitsu most people had now stopped thinking about it. So I thought it better to teach under a different name principally because my objectives were much wider than jujitsu. Kano believed that " jūjutsu " was insufficient to describe his art: although jutsu ( 術 ) means "art" or "means", it implies

5760-731: The tournament of the penalized player. A number of judo practitioners have made an impact in mixed martial arts . Notable judo-trained MMA fighters include Olympic medalists Hidehiko Yoshida (Gold, 1992), Naoya Ogawa (Silver, 1992), Paweł Nastula (Gold, 1996), Makoto Takimoto (Gold, 2000), Satoshi Ishii (Gold, 2008), Ronda Rousey (Bronze, 2008), and Kayla Harrison (Gold, 2012 and 2016), former Russian national judo championship bronze medalist Fedor Emelianenko , Yoshihiro Akiyama , Don Frye , Rick Hawn , Daniel Kelly , Hector Lombard , Karo Parisyan , Ayaka Hamasaki , Antônio Silva , Oleg Taktarov , Rhadi Ferguson , Dong-Sik Yoon , and Khabib Nurmagomedov . Kano Jigoro's Kodokan judo

5840-474: The vote, he said: "I took a solemn oath. Simply speaking, the president did too. And, so even though I like him personally, I find I can only vote one way. And that is guilty on both articles." Clinton was acquitted on both counts as neither received the necessary two-thirds vote of the senators present for conviction and removal from office. In the 106th Congress, Campbell passed more public laws than any other member of Congress. During his tenure, he also became

5920-405: The winner. After three shidos are given, the victory is given to the opponent, constituting an indirect hansoku-make (反則負け – literally "foul-play defeat"), but does not result in expulsion from the tournament. Note: Prior to 2017, the 4th shido was hansoku-make. If hansoku-make is awarded for a major rule infringement, it results not just in loss of the match, but in the expulsion from

6000-643: Was adopted by the family, changing his name to Kano. He ultimately became an official in the Shogunate government. Jigoro Kano had an academic upbringing and, from the age of seven, he studied English, shodō ( 書道 , Japanese calligraphy ) and the Four Confucian Texts ( 四書 , Shisho ) under a number of tutors. When he was fourteen, Kano began boarding at an English-medium school, Ikuei-Gijuku in Shiba, Tokyo . The culture of bullying endemic at this school

6080-467: Was awarded for holds of longer than 15 seconds and yuko for holds of longer than 10 seconds). Formerly, there was an additional score that was lesser to yuko, that of Koka ( 効果 ) . This has since been removed. If the scores are identical at the end of the match, the contest is resolved by the Golden Score rule. Golden Score is a sudden death situation where the clock is reset to match-time, and

6160-452: Was of predominantly Northern Cheyenne descent but, according to Campbell biographer Herman Viola, spent much of his youth in Crow Agency boarding school and may have had some Pueblo Indian and Apache Indian ancestry as well. The couple married in 1929, and Ben Campbell was born in 1933. During Campbell's childhood, his father continued to have problems with alcoholism, often leaving

6240-507: Was the catalyst that caused Kano to seek out a Jūjutsu ( 柔術 , Jujutsu ) dōjō ( 道場 , dōjō , training place) at which to train. Early attempts to find a jujutsu teacher who was willing to take him on met with little success. Jujutsu had become unfashionable in an increasingly westernized Japan. Many of those who had once taught the art had been forced out of teaching or become so disillusioned with it that they had simply given up. Nakai Umenari, an acquaintance of Kanō's father and

6320-557: Was the first Native American elected to the United States Senate since Charles Curtis in the 1920s. In March 1995, after two years in office, Campbell switched parties from Democratic to Republican in the wake of publicized disputes he had with the Colorado Democratic Party . Campbell said the last straw was the Senate's defeat of the balanced-budget amendment, which he had championed since coming to Washington as

6400-560: Was the sponsor of USS Mesa Verde (LPD 19) on January 15, 2005. Lake Nighthorse in La Plata County, Colorado , is named in Campbell's honor. 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1998 2008: Awarded Ellis Island Medal of Freedom 2011: Conferral of the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon by Japanese Emperor Akihito. Sen. Ben Nighthorse Campbell's award

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