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83-464: On the Delisle map of 1706, the lake is named Himgon and from it flows a river labelled with the names Usurou and Ousuri . On the 1739 map of Johann Matthias Hase , the lake is named Lake Hinka and the river flowing from it called by the names Ousoury and Schur . On the 1752 map of d'Anville , the lake is named Hink , and the river from it is called Songhachan , which flows, in turn, into

166-425: A 10-year reserve supply. The ores are complex, containing copper , gold , silver , bismuth , and other metals besides tungsten. There are more than 10 commercial deposits of lead and zinc in the territories of Dalnegorsky , Kavalerovsky , and Krasnoarmeysky Districts. The mining of the deposits of lead and zinc is maintained by Dalpolimetal Stock Company. The enterprise has a 40-year supply of ore. Among

249-517: A battleground for allied and Bolshevik troops during the Siberian Intervention . In 1922, shortly before the end of the Civil War , Primorye came under Bolshevik control. The new government directed the economic, scientific, and cultural development of the territory. The Soviet Government spent the following ten years combating "bourgeois ideology" in many areas of life and culture. As a result,

332-506: A map of the Russian Empire was launched by Peter the Great , but did not come to fruition until two decades later, in the reign of Empress Anna . Ivan Kirilov (1689–1737), the first director of the imperial Cartographic Office, had Delisle officially invited to Russia with a view to his collaborating on the proposed map of the empire. However, Delisle and Kirilov clashed on how best to draw up

415-546: A monastery in Tobolsk, where in addition to Russian and Old Church Slavonic manuscripts he was shown a mammoth tusk and other bones "d'une grandeur extraordinaire". The abbot recounted to Delisle that the previous year (1739) a Siberian merchant by the name of Fugla, already famous for his prodigious strength (he had fought and killed a bear with his bare hands), further added to his fame when he found near Yeniseisk an intact mammoth head "d'une grosseur étonnante." Delisle himself

498-572: A narrow sandy spit. Khanka Lake freezes in the second half of November and thaws in April. The fauna and flora of Lake Khanka are rich in species. In 1971, the Ramsar Convention gave the lake the status of a wetland of international importance. In 1990, the Khanka Nature Reserve was organized in part of the then- Soviet basin of Lake Khanka. In April 1996, an agreement was signed between

581-711: A number of parallel ranges: the Partizansky (Partisan), the Siny (Blue), the Kholodny (Cold), and others. There are many karst caves in the south of Primorye, including the relatively accessible Spyashchaya Krasavitsa cave (the Sleeping Beauty) in the Ussuriysky Nature Preserve. There are comparatively well-preserved fragments of ancient volcanoes in the area. The ranges are cut by the picturesque narrow and deep valleys of

664-588: A total footprint of 214.89 hectares. Primorsky Krai's compact territory is well endowed with infrastructure . Its railway density is twice the Russian average. Railroads connect it with China and North Korea. Vladivostok, the eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian Railway , was surpassed as a port by the nearby Nakhodka - Vostochny Port container, coal and timber terminals. Primorsky Krai-based shipping companies provide 80% of marine shipping services in

747-719: Is 150 km (58 sq mi). The reserves total 251.6 million tons. The coal-bearing thickness ranges from 800 to 950 m (2,620 to 3,120 ft). Maintenance is by the open-pit mine of the Artyomugol Association. The coal of the Pavlovsky, Skotovsky, and Bikinsky deposits contains germanium and non-ferrous metals . The major areas of occurrence of commercial tin stocks are Kavalerovsky , Krasnoarmeysky , and Dalnegorsky Districts. There are more than 30 deposits of tin in Primorsky Krai. The extraction of tin ore

830-599: Is a document entitled "Ordre des informations à faire sur chaque différente nation", which gives a structured outline of the ethnographic data to be collected for each particular Siberian nation: its history, geographical area, relations with other ruling powers, system of government, religion (e.g. belief in God, the Devil, life after death), knowledge in the arts and sciences, physical characteristics, costume, occupations, tools, mores, dwellings, and language. On 30 June 1740, Delisle visited

913-851: Is also diverse. The following animals are found in the Krai : Ussuri black bear ( Ursus thibetanus ), Amur tiger , Amur leopard ( Panthera pardus orientalis ), Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ), wild boar ( Sus scrofa ), Manchurian deer ( Cervus elaphus xanthopygos ), Siberian roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus ), musk deer ( Moschus moschiferus ), long-tailed goral ( Naemorhedus caudatus ), sika deer ( Cervus nippon ), sable ( Martes zibellina ), Blakiston's fish owl ( Bubo blakistoni ), mandarinka duck ( Aix galericulata ), black stork ( Ciconia nigra ), scaly goosander ( Mergus squamatus ), chestnut-cheeked starling ( Sturnia philippensis ), black griffon ( Aegypius monachus ), large-winged cuckoo (family Cuculidae ), and others. Among 690 species of birds inhabiting

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996-458: Is an ancient lake, rich in fish and bird species - a richness reflected in the ancient name Khankai-Omo - "Sea of bird feathers". Likewise, in the Middle Ages, the fish fauna of Lake Khanka furnished the tables of both Chinese and Jurchen emperors with an abundance of delicacies. In 1868, Nikolay Przhevalsky visited Lake Khanka, leaving for posterity his descriptions of the flora and fauna of

1079-418: Is explained by frequent winds and, as a result, strong mixing. On average, the water inflow is about 1.94 km (0.47 cu mi) per year, and the outflow about 1.85 km (0.44 cu mi). On the northern (Chinese) shore lies Lake Small Khanka ( Chinese : 小兴凯湖 ; pinyin : Xiaoxingkai Hu ; Russian : о́зеро Малая Ха́нка, ozero Malaya Khanka ), separated from Lake Khanka proper by

1162-456: Is home to the Russian Navy 's Pacific Fleet and is also known as the birthplace of North Korean leader Kim Jong-il . The name of the krai is derived from the Russian words приморский ( primorsky ), meaning "littoral" or "coastal", and край ( kray ), meaning "region" or "area". It is informally known as Primorye ( Приморье , IPA: [prʲɪˈmorʲjɪ] ) in Russian, and

1245-568: Is in Chinese territory. The lake is pear-shaped, with an extension in its northern part. The surface area of the water is highly variable, depending on climate conditions. The maximum extension reaches 5,010 km (1,930 sq mi), the minimum extension is 3,940 km (1,520 sq mi). The length of the lake is about 90 km (56 mi), the maximum width is 67 km (42 mi). There are 24 rivers flowing into Lake Khanka, with only one outflow: Songacha River , which connects it with

1328-652: Is located close to Vladivostok . The stocks of the Podgrodnensky deposit are estimated to be a total of 19.6 million tons. The coal is anthracite coal . By the output of volatile substances and caking ability, the coal is hard (non-bituminous). The deposits are maintained by the Podgorodenka mine of the Artyomugol Association. The Paleogene-Neogene deposits of Primorsky Krai are the Bikinsky, Pavlovsky, Shkotovsky, Rettikhovsky, Rakovsky, and Khasansky deposits. The deposits are

1411-466: Is located to the north and the west of the city of Ussuriysk . The basin includes the following deposits: Ussuriysky, Lipovetsky, Verkhne-Razdolnensky, Konstantinovsky, and Alekseye-Nikolsky. The deposits were prospected as early as 1868. The mining of coal has been conducted since 1909. By the output of volatile substances and coking ability, long-flame coals prevail. The reserves of coal in the basin total of 66.7 million tons. The deposits are maintained by

1494-644: Is maintained by Khrustalnenskaya Tin Extracting Company, Dalpolimetal Stock Company, and Vostok Mining Company. All tin-extracting enterprises of the krai have a 30-year supply of ore. There are four major commercial deposits of tungsten in Krasnoarmeysky and Pozharsky Districts. The mining of only two of them is currently maintained, at Vostok-2 and Lermontovskoye by the Primorsky Mining Group and Lermontovskoye Mining Company. The enterprises have

1577-505: Is occasionally translated as Maritime Territory in English. Primorsky Krai, bordered by China ( Jilin and Heilongjiang ), North Korea ( Rason ) and Khabarovsk Krai , and the relatively warm—although freezing in winter—waters of the Sea of Japan , is the southeasternmost region of Russia, located between the 42° and 48° north latitude and 130° and 139° east longitude. It is stretched in

1660-788: Is still second only to Khabarovsk Krai 's with an annual yield of about 3 million cubic meters of timber . Primorsky Krai is the largest coal producer in the Russian Far East and generates more electricity than any other Russian Far East administrative division, but power shortages are common. Agriculture is also important; the krai produces rice, milk, eggs, and vegetables. The krai's proximity to Pacific Rim markets gives it an edge over most other Russian Far East administrative divisions in developing foreign trade . Major trade items are seafood products, timber products, and ferrous metals. Major trading partners are Japan, China, and South Korea. The economy will be further diversified with

1743-593: Is the Songacha River . The maximum monthly mean temperature is 20 °C (68 °F) in July, while the minimum monthly mean temperature is −21 °C (−6 °F) in January. Rainfall mainly occurs in summer, with average annual precipitation of 500–650 mm annually. The residence time of Lake Khanka is 9.9 years. Popular Culture: The surveyors in the 1975 Akira Kurosawa film " Dersu Uzala " were sent to explore

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1826-610: Is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Primorsky Krai is the province's regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run

1909-739: The Aigun Treaty with China, followed by the Beijing Treaty two years later. As a result of the two treaties, the Sino–Russian border shifted south in the Amur Annexation to the Amur and Ussuri Rivers , granting Russia full control of Primorye. Primorskaya Oblast was established as the easternmost division of the Russian Empire in 1856. It included the territory of modern Primorsky Krai as well as

1992-568: The Atlas Rossicus was submitted for publication in Delisle's name. In History of Cartography , Leo Bagrow argues that "by rights [the atlas] should not bear his name," but Marie-Anne Chabin , an expert on Delisle's life and unpublished manuscripts, concludes: "Despite all, Joseph-Nicolas Delisle should be regarded as its main architect." Delisle is mostly known for the Delisle scale , a temperature scale he invented in 1732. The crater Delisle on

2075-673: The Balhae Kingdom , most of the krai was within the boundaries of the provinces of Dingli, Anbian and Anyuan. After Balhae was conquered by the Khitans, the territory became part of Liao dynasty 's Eastern Circuit and Jin dynasty 's Supin Circuit. It then came under Mongol and Manchu rule. The acquisition of Siberia by the Tsardom of Russia and the subsequent Russian expansion to the Far East brought

2158-542: The Delisle scale , a temperature scale he invented in 1732. Joseph was born in Paris, one of the 11 sons of Claude Delisle (1644–1720). Like many of his brothers, among them Guillaume Delisle , he initially followed classical studies. Soon however, he moved to astronomy under the supervision of Joseph Lieutaud and Jacques Cassini . In 1714 he entered the French Academy of Sciences as pupil of Giacomo Filippo Maraldi . In

2241-568: The Eugénie Archipelago (the largest island of which being Russky Island ), the Rimsky-Korsakov Archipelago and Furugelm Island . The geographic location of Primorye accounts for the variety of its flora . The territory of Primorye has not been subjected to the ice cover in the past in contrast to the rest of Siberia during the ice ages. The specifics of the geographic situation and the specific features of climate determine

2324-743: The Far Eastern Division of the Russian Academy of Science . By the early 1990s, once-small enterprises in the city had developed into large companies. Some of the most prominent include the DVMP (FESCO) shipping company, the Dalmoreprodukt fishing company, Progress Arsenyev Aircraft Works, and Vostok Mining. Commercial fishing plays an important part in the economy of the Primorye and includes firms like Vladivostok Trawling and Refrigerating Fleet (VBTRF),

2407-513: The Histoire Générale des Voyages , Delisle's ethnographic observations on the native peoples he encountered (the Votyaks , Ostyaks , Tartars , Voguls , and Chuvash ) include details of their religious beliefs, marital customs, means of subsistence, diet, and costume. It seems that Delisle even planned to write a general study of the peoples of Siberia. In Delisle's unpublished papers there

2490-604: The Moon , and the asteroid 12742 Delisle are named after him. Primorsky Krai Primorsky Krai , informally known as Primorye , is a federal subject (a krai ) of Russia, part of the Far Eastern Federal District in the Russian Far East . The city of Vladivostok on the southern coast of the krai is its administrative center , and the second largest city in the Russian Far East, behind Khabarovsk in

2573-464: The Russian Far East . All the krai's significant ports are now open to international shipping. The largest companies in the region include Far-Eastern Energy Company, NNK-Bunker, Mazda Sollers, and Vostochny Port . More than 100 deposits of coal are known in Primorsky Krai. The commercial deposits of coal are connected to the Partizansky and Razdolnensky coal basins, the Podgorodnensky deposit,

Lake Khanka - Misplaced Pages Continue

2656-645: The Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Primorsky CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). After 1991, the head of the Oblast administration and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament . The Charter of Primorsky Krai

2739-513: The Ussuri , and that in turn with the Amur River system. Lake Khanka is a shallow body of water, with an average depth of 4.5 metres (15 ft) and a prevailing depth of 1–3 metres (3.3–9.8 ft); the greatest depth is 10.6 m (35 ft). Its average volume is 18.3 km (4.4 cu mi), though it can fill up to 22.6 km (5.4 cu mi). The water in the lake is cloudy, which

2822-467: The meridianal direction, the distance from its extreme northern point to its most southerly point being about 900 kilometers (559 mi). Highlands dominate the territory of the krai. Most of the territory is mountainous, and almost 80% of it is forested. The average elevation is about 500 meters (1,640 ft). Sikhote-Alin is a mountainous formation, extending for the most part of the Krai. It consists of

2905-445: The transits of Venus . His life changed radically in 1725 when he was called by the Russian czar Peter the Great to Saint Petersburg to create and run the school of astronomy. He arrived there only in 1726, after the death of the czar. He became quite rich and famous, to such an extent that when he returned to Paris in 1747, he built a new observatory in the palace of Cluny , later made famous by Charles Messier . Also he received

2988-673: The "pearl" often made an appearance around Fanliang in Yangzhou, the people there erected a "Pearl Pavilion" on a wayside, where people came by boat in hopes to see the mysterious flying object. Lake Khanka, the largest lake in Primorsky Krai , is located in the centre of the Khankan lowland on the border with the People's Republic of China in Heilongjiang Province . The northern part of the lake

3071-659: The 1970s, the Soviet Union expanded scientific institutions in Primorye, especially in the city of Vladivostok . Several large research institutions are located here, such as the Institute of Biology and Agriculture, the Pacific Institute of Bio-organic Chemistry, the Institute of Marine Biology, the Pacific Institute of Geography, the Pacific Oceanological Institute, as well as several Institutes affiliated with

3154-660: The Active Marine Fisheries Base of Nakhodka , and the Fishing and Marine Transport Fleet of Primorye. Numerous enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex were also established in Primorye. The Udege people , led by Pavel Sulyandziga , are trying to gain control over their traditional territories along the Bikin River and in particular a Territory of Traditional Natural Resource Use of federal status. During

3237-629: The Earth from the Sun. He developed a map showing where on Earth this transit would be visible and thus where various observing stations should be located. Actual implementation of these observational efforts were hindered by the Seven Years' War . In 1763 he retired to the Abbey of St Genevieve, dying in Paris sometime in 1768. In 1740, Delisle undertook an expedition to Siberia with the object of observing from Beryozovo

3320-747: The Governments of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China on the establishment of an international Russian-Chinese nature reserve around the lake, from the Khankai Reserve in Russia and the Chinese Singkai-Hu Reserve. The wetlands of the Lake Khanka basin (Водно-болотные угодья озера Ханка, Vodno-bolotnye ugod'ya ozera Khanka ) represent a unique natural complex. The lowland of

3403-1050: The IUCN Red List as rare and threatened extermination. There are mountainous tundra areas, conifers and coniferous-deciduous forests, and forest-steppe, which is sometimes called the Far Eastern Prairie, where many ancient plant species have been preserved, including ferns , lotus , and the willow Salix arbutifolia (syn. Chosenia arbutifolia ). The flora of the territory contains such plants as Taxus cuspidata , Juniperus rigida , Phellodendron amurense , Kalopanax , Aralia elata , Maackia amurensis , Alnus japonica , Actinidia kolomikta , Schisandra chinensis , Celastrus orbiculatus , Thladiantha dubia , Weigela , Eleutherococcus , Flueggea suffruticosa , Deutzia , Nelumbo nucifera , Betula schmidtii , Carpinus cordata , Acer mandshuricum , Parthenocissus tricuspidata , Vitis amurensis , Panax ginseng and many others. The fauna of Primorye

Lake Khanka - Misplaced Pages Continue

3486-413: The Lake Khanka region. The lake is an important area for birds, and includes a number of endangered species. [REDACTED] Media related to Lake Khanka at Wikimedia Commons Joseph-Nicolas Delisle Joseph-Nicolas Delisle ( French pronunciation: [ʒozɛf nikɔla dəlil] ; 4 April 1688 – 11 September 1768) was a French astronomer and cartographer . Delisle is mostly known for

3569-538: The Prihanka and, in fact, the shores of the lake represent a fairly swampy terrain. So-called melt-plant communities, formed by various species of sedge and grass, form a solid turf covering the water mirror for many tens of square kilometers. Diverse ecosystems are represented, such as meadows (from marshy to steppe), meadow forest, forest-steppe and steppe plant communities. In the lake itself there are many species of fish and aquatic invertebrates, many of which are endemic. In

3652-478: The Russian Far East total. Second is machine building , where half of the output is geared toward the fishing industry and shipyards . Defense is another important sector, producing naval vessels and military aircraft . The construction materials industry here provides for the whole Russian Far East. Lead smelting is conducted in Rudnaya Pristan on the coast. The timber industry, though in recession ,

3735-679: The Russians into direct contact with China . The Nerchinsk Treaty of 1689 demarcating the borders of the two states gave all lands lying south of the Stanovoy Mountains , including Primorye, to the Qing Empire. However, with the weakening of the Qing Empire in the second half of the 19th century, Russia began its expansion into the area. In 1858, the towns of Khabarovsk and Blagoveshchensk were founded. In 1858, Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky signed

3818-458: The Tavrichansky deposit, and since 1911 in the Artyomovsky deposit. The coal is brown coal , which is used as a power fuel. In the long years of operation, the stocks of coal in the basin have been considerably depleted. The reserves of coal in the basin total 233.7 million tons. The mines of the Tavrichansky Mine Administration and the Artyomugol Association operate on the basis of the deposits. Podgrodnensko-Surazhevsky : This coal-bearing region

3901-447: The Uglovsky basin, and the Shkotovsky, Pavlovsky, Bikinsky, Rettikhovsky, and Suputinsky deposits. Partizansky Basin : The city of Partizansk is located in the southern part of the basin. The total area of the basin is 6,000 km (2,300 sq mi). The basin has been known since the 19th century and has been explored since 1902. Five regions—Staropartizansky, Melnikovsky, Belopadinsky, Molchanovsky, and Sergeyevsky —are within

3984-404: The addition of as many as 8 government sanctioned casinos to be built in the Primorye Gambling Zone, which encompasses the entire Primorsky Krai. Primorsky Entertainment Resort City, under development by NagaCorp Ltd . of Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia, will be the largest. The development is expected to cost in the region of RUB11.6 billion (approximately HK$ 2.7 billion, US$ 350 million) and have

4067-465: The city of Yangzhou at night, but described first by local inhabitants of eastern Anhui and then in Jiangsu . Shen wrote that a man near Xingkai Lake observed this curious object; allegedly it: ...opened its door and a flood of intense light like sunbeams darted out of it, then the outer shell opened up, appearing as large as a bed with a big pearl the size of a fist illuminating the interior in silvery white. The intense silver-white light, shot from

4150-502: The day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as the guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia . Primorsky Krai's economy, the most balanced in the Russian Far East, is also the largest in absolute terms. Food production is the most important sector, represented mainly by fish processing . Annual catch exceeds two million tonnes , or one half of

4233-511: The first fourteen regional maps of an intended series of 120. The edition was abandoned after Kirilov's death in 1737. It was not until 1745 that the Academy in Saint Petersburg finally published a complete Atlas Rossicus , in Latin and Cyrillic script, consisting of a general map and 29 regional maps ( Атлас Российской/Atlas Rossicus , Petropoli, 1745–1746). Delisle worked on the atlas in the 1730s, but his extreme scientific rigour considerably slowed its progress. For this reason, in 1740, while he

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4316-441: The interior, was too strong for human eyes to behold; it cast shadows of every tree within a radius of ten miles. The spectacle was like the rising Sun, lighting up the distant sky and woods in red. Then all of a sudden, the object took off at a tremendous speed and descended upon the lake like the Sun setting. Shen went on to say that Yibo, a poet of Gaoyou , wrote a poem about this "pearl" after witnessing it. Shen wrote that since

4399-485: The krai was historically part of Manchuria . It was ceded to the Russian Empire by Qing China in 1860 as part of a region known as Outer Manchuria , forming most of the territory of Primorskaya Oblast . As a result, China permanently lost its coastline with the Sea of Japan . During the Russian Civil War it became part of the Far Eastern Republic before joining the Soviet Union , going through numerous changes until reaching its current form in 1938. Primorsky Krai

4482-414: The lake and its surroundings. It was thirty-four years later, in 1902, that the explorer Vladimir Arsenyev made his first expedition to the area. In Shen Kuo 's Dream Pool Essays , a passage called "Strange Happenings" contains a peculiar account of an unidentified flying object . Shen wrote that, during the reign of Emperor Renzong (1022–1063), an object as bright as a pearl occasionally hovered over

4565-400: The lake there live 52 species of fish, among them such as carp , perch , silver carp , catfish , and snakehead . A variety of birds nest and stop on the lake or its banks. The lake's drainage basin covers an area of 16,890 km (6,520 sq mi), of which 97% is in Russian territory. It is fed by 23 rivers (8 in China and 15 in Russia), but the only outflow of the lake

4648-434: The limits of the basin. The coal is anthracite coal . By the output of volatile substances and caking ability, rich coals prevail. The reserves of coal in the basin total 193.6 million tonnes . The deposits are maintained by the mines of the Partizanskugol Association. A coal-mining factory also operates in this area. Razdolnensky Basin : The total area of this basin is about 4,500 km (1,700 sq mi). The basin

4731-420: The major sources of fuel for the largest heat and power stations of Primorye: Luchegorskaya and Vladivostokskaya. The coal is brown coal . The Bikinsky Deposit is the largest brown coal deposit in Primorsky Krai. Its total area is 260 km (100 sq mi). The reserves total 1,113.9 million tons. The coal-bearing thickness is 1,800 m (5,900 ft). The Luchegorsky Open-Pit Coal Mine maintains

4814-402: The maps, with the former favouring the establishment of a network of astronomically determined points, a very time-consuming process, and the latter arguing for surveying based on geographical features as reference points, subsequently to be adjusted to the astronomically determined points. Using his own methods, but consulting Delisle for expert advice, Kirilov published in 1734 a general map and

4897-476: The mine and provides fuel to the largest power station in the krai, the Luchegorsky Hydro-Electric Power Station. Pavlovsky Deposit : The total area is 400 km (150 sq mi). The reserves total 400 million tons. The coal-bearing thickness is up to 400 m (1,300 ft). The mining is maintained by the Pavlovsky-1 and Pavlovsky-2 Open-Pit Coal Mines. Coal is used as fuel for the Vladivostok Heat and Power Plant-2. Skotovsky Deposit : The total area

4980-408: The mines and the open-pit coal mines of the Lipovetskoye Mine Administration. Uglovsky Basin : Located 30 km (19 mi) northeast of Vladivostok , the basin's band extends about 40 km (25 mi) to the northeast of Amursky Bay and ranges from 6 to 14 km (3.7 to 8.7 mi) in width. Coals in the basin have been known since 1859. The mining of coal has been executed since 1867 in

5063-400: The music, theater, literature, and the fine arts of Primorye were censored. Primorsky was the center of the ethnic Korean minority of Russia. The Pos'et Korean National Raion was created under the policy of Korenizatsiya . The Krai had 105 both fully and mixed Korean towns where residents used the Korean language as an official language. Nearly 200,000 ethnic Koreans were living in the Krai by

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5146-435: The name of the lake: "In the Liao Dynasty, Khanka Lake was called Beitsin-hai , but it is now known as Khanka , Khinkai and Sinkai-hu , meaning "Lake of Prosperity". It must be assumed that the name Khanka originated from another word, namely khanhai , meaning "hollow" - a name by which the Chinese call every low place...Subsequently, the Russians must have changed this word to its current form of Khanka . " Lake Khanka

5229-426: The neighbouring krai. Primorsky Krai has the largest economy among the federal subjects in the Russian Far East, and a population of 1,845,165 as of the 2021 Census . The krai has Russia's only border with North Korea , along the Tumen River in Khasansky District in the southwestern corner of the krai. Peter the Great Gulf , the largest gulf in the Sea of Japan , is on the south coast. The territory of

5312-476: The next year he discovered the Arago spot a century before Arago . Though he was a good scientist and member of a wealthy family he did not have much money. In 1712, he set up an observatory at the Luxembourg Palace and after three years moved to the Hotel de Taranne. From 1719 to 1722 he was employed at the Royal observatory, before returning to his observatory at the Luxembourg Palace. In 1724 he met Edmond Halley in London and, among other things, discussed

5395-490: The region's wildlife and habitat conservation. The area is believed to have been settled by several Tungusic and Mongolic tribes, such as the Sushen , the proto-Mongol Shiwei and the Mohe . Although, there are other popular theories, such as the fact that the place was earlier settled by the Ainu people . The Udege people are said to have traditionally settled in territories along the Bikin River long ago, however, they are possibly of Jianzhou Jurchen origin. During

5478-425: The river Usuri . On an 18th-century map showing the "Irkutsk governorate with the adjacent islands and the western coast of America", the river issuing from Lake Hinka is named as the Usuri . On the 1860 map attached to the Convention of Peking , two lakes are shown: the larger Oz. Khankai (Russian: "Lake Khankai"), with Khankai glossed as signifying "quiet", (but given without a Manchu transliteration), and

5561-466: The rivers and by large brooks, such as the Partizanskaya , the Kiyevka , the Zerkalnaya, the Cheryomukhovaya, the Yedinka, the Samarga , the Bikin , and the Bolshaya Ussurka . Most rivers in the Krai have rocky bottoms and limpid water. The largest among them is the Ussuri , with a length of 903 kilometers (561 mi). The head of the Ussuri River originates 20 kilometers (12 mi) east of Oblachnaya Mountain. The vast Khanka Lowlands extend into

5644-413: The smaller Oz. Dobiku (Russian: "Lake Dobiku") - given with a Manchu transliteration of Dobiku . From the big lake is shown flowing a river, labelled with the Russian names Uzhu and Sungachan , with the second of these names being glossed with a Manchu transliteration. On the 1861 map made by 'M. Popov' (= rear-admiral Andrei Alexandrovich Popov ?), the larger lake is given the name Kengka , while

5727-570: The smaller is called Ai'-Kengka - to which name is added (in brackets) the further name Siauhu (which can be understood as a transcription of the Chinese Xiaohu , that is, "Small Lake"). On the 1864 map by A.F. Budishchev, a captain in the Corps of Foresters , the lake is named as Khinkai ( Singkai ). On the ethnographic map of Shrenk the abbreviated Russian names Oz. Khanka and Oz. Mal. Khanka ("Lake Khanka" and "Little / Lesser Lake Khanka") are used. Explorer, traveler, naturalist and writer Vladimir Arsenyev (1872–1930) wrote, concerning

5810-427: The territories of modern Khabarovsk Krai and Magadan Oblast , stretching from Vladivostok to the Chukchi Peninsula in the far north. In the period from 1859 to 1882, ninety-five settlements were established in the Primorye region, including Vladivostok, Ussuriysk , Razdolnoye, Vladimiro-Aleksandrovskoye, Shkotovo , Pokrovka , Tury Rog, and Kamen-Rybolov . Russians began migrating to these regions. The population

5893-494: The territory of the former USSR , 350 are found in Primorye. Rich fisheries of salmon , Hucho taimen , lenok and marine fisheries of crab, pollock and other species make the aquatic and maritime environment a valuable resource for the region. However, the rich diversity of wildlife in Primorye is threatened by poaching and the illegal wildlife trade . Wildlife Conservation Society , World Wildlife Fund , Wild Salmon Center , and Russian NGOs including Phoenix Fund are active in

5976-529: The time of their deportation in 1938 . The Soviet Union had earlier deported ethnic Chinese from western Siberia. During this period, the Soviet government emphasized centralized planning of the economy. As in the rest of the Soviet Union, priority was given to heavy industry, with a special emphasis on mining and commercial fishing. There was a widespread investment in the construction of rail and sea transit, and new port facilities were constructed. Primorsky Krai

6059-589: The title of Astronomer from the Academy. In Russia he prepared the map of the known North Pacific that was used by Vitus Bering . He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1725 and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1749. In 1760 he proposed that the international scientific community co-ordinate observations of the 1761 Transit of Venus to determine the absolute distance of

6142-642: The transit of Mercury across the sun. An account of the expedition is given in Volume 72 of the L'Histoire générale des voyages (1768). Delisle and his party set out from St. Petersburg on 28 February 1740, arriving in Beryozovo, on the bank of the River Ob , on 9 April, having travelled via Moscow, the Volga , and Tyumen . On 22 April, the date of the transit of Mercury , the sun was obscured by clouds, however, and so Delisle

6225-464: The unique diversity of the plant world at species and genetic levels and the richness of plant resources. In the flora of Primorye, there are more than two thousand species of higher plants, of which are about 250 species of trees, bushes, and ligneous lianas. Flora of mosses and lichens are very diverse. As part of the coastal flora, there are many valuable medicinal, technical and food plants, many relict and endemic species. About 200 species are listed in

6308-666: The west and southwest of Primorye, carpeted by coniferous-deciduous forest. A part of the Lowland surrounding the largest lake in the Russian Far East , Khanka Lake , is occupied by a forest-steppe. The krai's coastline is fairly straight, except for the southernmost section around Vladivostok which contains the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula . There are numerous islands in this area, the main ones being Lisy Island , Askold Island, Putyatin Island , Skrebtsov island , Sibiryakov Island ,

6391-408: Was absent from the capital, undertaking his expedition to Siberia, Delisle was officially dismissed from the supervisory board in charge of the atlas. Schumacher, the secretary of the Academy, even went so far as to accuse him of sending secret documents to France. Increasingly isolated at court, Delisle requested permission to leave Russia in 1743, which was granted four years later. In the meantime,

6474-404: Was an indefatigable collector and during his Siberian expedition he took every opportunity to add to his " cabinet de curiosité ", bringing back with him not only copies of manuscripts and mammoth bones like those he had seen in Tobolsk, but also "objets hétéroclites," which included items of Ostyak costume, a Samoyed quiver , a bark bucket, rare stones, and Tobolsk porcelain ware. The plan for

6557-635: Was financed in large measure by Russian and foreign capital investment. After the Russian Revolution and the victory of the communists, the new government renamed Primorskaya Oblast as the Zemstvo of Maritime Territory . It was defined as the Far-Eastern Republic (1920–1922). Within the Russian SFSR , this became Far-Eastern Oblast (1922–1926) and then Far-Eastern Krai (1926–1938). The area became

6640-631: Was formed by further subdivision of Far-Eastern Krai in 1938, as part of the Stalin-era policy of "unbundling". Primorsky Krai, as defined in 1938, corresponds to the northeastern part of the historical region of Russian Manchuria . On April 18, 1942, the region became accidentally involved in World War II , which the United States had entered after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941. Primorsky Krai

6723-458: Was primarily engaged in hunting, fishing and cultivation. More than two-thirds of the territory's inhabitants followed these occupations. During the latter part of the 19th century, there was a significant resource, industrial and resulting economic development in Primorye. Coal mining became a prominent industry, as did the export of sea-kale , velvet antlers , timber , crab , dried fish , and trepangs . The rapid economic expansion of Primorye

6806-516: Was the location where one of 16 United States Army Air Corps B-25 Mitchell medium bombers landed. The group had been launched from USS Hornet to carry out the Doolittle Raid on Japan. Japan and the Soviet Union were not then at war. The landing occurred 40 miles (65 km) west of Vladivostok; the bomber's crew could not return to their base, the aircraft carrier Hornet, by the mission plan. The crew later returned home via Iran. During

6889-554: Was unable to make any astronomical observations. Delisle arrived back in St. Petersburg on 29 December 1740, having sojourned in Tobolsk and Moscow en route. Throughout the expedition, Delisle recorded numerous ornithological, botanical, zoological (e.g. the Siberian beaver ), geographical, and other scientific observations. In the "Extrait d'un voyage fait en 1740 à Beresow en Sibérie" published in

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