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The Library of Congress Classification ( LCC ) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress in the United States , which can be used for shelving books in a library. LCC is mainly used by large research and academic libraries , while most public libraries and small academic libraries use the Dewey Decimal Classification system. The classification was developed by James Hanson (chief of the Catalog Department), with assistance from Charles Martel , in 1897, while they were working at the Library of Congress. It was designed specifically for the purposes and collection of the Library of Congress to replace the fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson .

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39-479: [REDACTED] Look up lc in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. LC or Lc may refer to: Arts and entertainment [ edit ] For people in arts and entertainment, see § People . Library of Congress Classification , a system of library classification Gaming and play [ edit ] Lego Chess , a Lego-based chess video game Lego City ,

78-522: A British indie-rock band formed in Cardiff In other media [ edit ] Licensed Companion, from the In Death novels of J.D. Robb (Nora Roberts) Shop LC , a 24/7 American shopping television channel Businesses, organisations, and government agencies [ edit ] Government agencies [ edit ] Irish Land Commission (or simply Land Commission), a rent fixing commission by

117-473: A World Conservation Union "Red List of Threatened Species" category Electronics and computing [ edit ] .lc , the country code top level domain (ccTLD) for Saint Lucia Macintosh LC family , a range of personal computers manufactured by Apple in the early 1990s Macintosh LC , the first computer in the Macintosh LC family LC-type optical fiber connector LC circuit , in electronics,

156-624: A circuit with an inductor and a capacitor Linear cryptanalysis , a form of cryptanalysis Lines of code Logic cell, in Field-programmable gate arrays Libera Chat , an IRC network Vehicles [ edit ] Toyota Land Cruiser , an SUV built by Toyota Motor Corporation Lexus LC , a grand tourer built by Toyota Motor Corporation Geely LC , a hatchback car Landing craft , used to convey infantry and vehicles to shore in an amphibious assault Other uses in science and technology [ edit ] Launch Complex ,

195-610: A document issued to provide a payment undertaking Local currency , also referred to as Local Currency Unit or LCU People [ edit ] Lorne Cardinal , stage and television actor Leonora Carrington , Mexican painter/surrealist Liz Claiborne , fashion designer Les Claypool , bassist best known for his work with Primus Leonard Cohen , Canadian singer, songwriter, musician, poet, and novelist Laveranues Coles , New York Jets wide receiver Lauren Conrad , fashion designer and former reality TV star on The Hills and Laguna Beach Le Corbusier , architect, and

234-402: A genus of orchids Langerhans cell , a tissue-resident macrophage Lethal concentration , a means to quantitatively indicate a gas or aerosol hazard Lignocellulose Locus coeruleus , a noradrenergic nucleus in the brain stem Long COVID , a term for aftereffects occurring after recovering from and presumed to be caused by COVID-19 Ecology [ edit ] Least Concern ,

273-501: A guide to the books actually in one library's collections, not a classification of the world. The central core of the modern Library of Congress was formed from books sold to the government by Thomas Jefferson after the original collection was razed by the British in the War of 1812 . As a result, the original classification system used by the library was of his own invention. However, by the end of

312-798: A non-sectarian, private school in San Pablo City, Laguna Launceston College (Tasmania) , a public senior-secondary school in Launceston, Tasmania, Australia Letran College in Manila, Philippines Lewis and Clark Community College , a community college in Godfrey, Illinois, US Lomagundi College , an independent, boarding school in Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe Loomis Chaffee , a coeducational boarding school in Windsor, Connecticut, US Lynchburg College ,

351-724: A private liberal arts college in Lynchburg, Virginia, US Lynden Christian Schools , a private school in Lynden, Washington, US Other businesses and organizations [ edit ] Latvian Way , a political party of Latvia LC Perú , a Peruvian airline Lean Cuisine , a brand of microwaveable meals LendingClub , NYSE ticker symbol LC Lotta Continua , a former far-left extra-parliamentary organization in Italy Varig Logística (IATA airline designator LC) Economics and finance [ edit ] Letter of credit ,

390-583: A rocket launch site Leading coefficient , in mathematics Leeuwin Current , a warm ocean current Liquid chromatography , an analytical chemistry technique Liquid crystal , a phase of matter with properties between a solid and a liquid state, commonly used in displays Other uses [ edit ] Law corporation , a special type of limited liability corporation available for single attorneys in California Leaving Certificate ,

429-647: A series of furniture designed by same Places [ edit ] Las Cruces, New Mexico , US LC, Swansea , a Leisure Centre in Wales Leicester , a city in the United Kingdom Lewis Center , Ohio, United States Little Compton, Rhode Island , US Lučenec , a town in Slovakia Saint Lucia , ISO 3166-1 country code Science and technology [ edit ] Biology and medicine [ edit ] × Laeliocattleya ,

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468-492: A single letter of the alphabet as an identifier. The vast majority of these classes are divided further into two and three level sub-classes. With these sub-classes, numerical ranges are assigned to topics, going from more general to more specific. Unlike in the Dewey Decimal Classification, where the numbers assigned to a topic iterate throughout the system (e.g., the ".05" tag indicated a periodical publication on

507-625: A state-operated commuter rail service in the Kanpur-Lucknow region of India Religious organizations [ edit ] Latin Catholic Church, or Roman Catholic Church Legion of Christ , a Roman Catholic religious order of priests Liberty Counsel , a legal organization dedicated to advancing specific religious freedoms Schools [ edit ] Lafayette College , a private college in Easton, Pennsylvania, US Laguna College ,

546-687: A theme of Lego Lego Creator , a theme of Lego Lego Creator (video game) , a Lego video game Limbus Company , a strategy role-playing video game Lethal Company , an early access cooperative survival horror video game Liberty City (Grand Theft Auto) , a fictional city in the Grand Theft Auto computer and video game series Music [ edit ] LC (album) , 1981 album by The Durutti Column Lacuna Coil , an Italian gothic metal band Living Colour , an American hard rock band formed in New York Los Campesinos! ,

585-533: Is also distinct from Library of Congress Subject Headings , the system of labels such as "Glaciers" and "Glaciers—Fiction" that describe contents systematically. One variation from the original LCC system is the National Library of Medicine classification system (NLM), which uses the initial letters W and QS – QZ , which are not used by LCC. Some libraries use NLM in conjunction with LCC, eschewing LCC's R, QM, and QP, which overlap with NLM's schema. Another

624-459: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Library of Congress Classification LCC has been criticized for lacking a sound theoretical basis; many of the classification decisions were driven by the practical needs of that library rather than epistemological considerations. Although it divides subjects into broad categories, it is essentially enumerative in nature. That is, it provides

663-544: Is in Godfrey, Illinois on the grounds of the former Monticello College , a women's seminary established in 1838. In 1970, the newly established Lewis and Clark Community College District purchased the grounds, buildings and faculty. L&C began offering classes in 1970. Many of the original buildings are still used, and a gymnasium , math and science complex, nursing building and welding facility have been added since. The N.O. Nelson campus (named after N.O. Nelson , founder of

702-593: Is not a new issue, and libraries with more specialized collections about minority groups or issues sometimes eschew LCC, with one example alternative classification being the Harvard–Yenching Classification , specifically developed for Chinese language materials. Lewis and Clark Community College Lewis and Clark Community College is a public community college in Godfrey, Illinois . It serves approximately 3,973 credit and non-credit students annually. The college has nine locations throughout

741-674: Is the Canadian Universities and the Canadian National Library using FC for Canadian History, a subclass that LCC has not officially adopted, but which it has agreed not to use for anything else. Together, the Dewey Decimal System (DDC) and LCC make up the two main classification system used in U.S. libraries. LCC is favored by large academic and research libraries. Systems of classification can be evaluated on several metrics, including expressiveness (the ability of

780-483: Is their approach to classifying. Dewey's system is a comprehensive classification to all topics, with no regard to the actual collections a library might hold. While this has allowed it to be successfully adapted into more modern classification systems for use outside of libraries, such as the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), it does make it more unwieldy for large or specialized collections. On

819-738: The Mississippi River . Lewis and Clark Community College competes as member of the NJCAA in the Mid-West Athletic Conference . The athletics teams - men and women's soccer, men and women's basketball, men and women's tennis, volleyball, golf, softball and baseball - are referred to as the Trailblazers. In 1999, the Lewis and Clark Community College Women's Soccer Team won a NJCAA National Championship after they defeated Champlain, 3–1. In 2008,

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858-974: The St. Louis Metro East , including a campus and humanities center in Edwardsville, Illinois ; community education centers in Alton, Illinois , Carlinville, Illinois and Jerseyville, Illinois ; a training center in Bethalto, Illinois ; a river research center in East Alton, Illinois ; and a location at the East St. Louis Higher Education Center in East St. Louis, Illinois . Lewis and Clark community college has career and transfer study options. The college also offers personal enrichment programming for adults and children, as well as corporate and safety training options for professionals. The main campus

897-501: The Americas), and B (Philosophy, Psychology, Religion). On the other hand, the later-developed K (Law) gives fairly even weight to global law. Today, the various schedules are maintained and revised by the Library's Policy and Standards Division, in conjunction with experts in each field. However, updating various schedules with classification biases is generally assumed to be impractical due to

936-750: The Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881 Library of Congress , the de facto United States national library Liquor Control, including the Liquor Control Board of Ontario and the Manitoba Liquor Control Commission Local Council (Uganda) , a form of local elected government within the districts of Uganda Technical Department of the Ministry of Aviation (Nazi Germany) in charge of research and development (LC, but more often referred to as C-amt) Lucknow-Kanpur Suburban Railway ,

975-927: The Lewis and Clark Community College Women's Soccer Team defeated Darton College 3–2 to win the NJCAA National Championship. Lewis and Clark has signed sustainability agreements with the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment , the Illinois Green Economy Network, the Illinois Sustainable University Commitment, and the St. Louis Higher Education Sustainability Consortium. There are various sustainability efforts on campus including energy efficient lighting, composting and sustainable landscaping. The main campus of Lewis and Clark Community College in Godfrey

1014-553: The citation refers Long course , an Olympic-size swimming pool Lord Chancellor , a senior functionary in the government of the United Kingdom See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "lc"  or "l-c" on Misplaced Pages. LCLC (disambiguation) LCC (disambiguation) LCS (disambiguation) LLC (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with LC All pages with titles containing LC Topics referred to by

1053-447: The final course in the Irish secondary school system Letter case , used in orthography and typography to denote the difference between capital and non-capital letters Lower case lettering Level crossing , on some maps, an intersection of a railway line and road at the same level Loc. cit. ( loco citato ), in citations, used to repeat a citation, including the page to which

1092-595: The form of an author-specific code, containing a letter and several numbers corresponding to the author's last name. This serves to further distinguish publications and nominally alphabetize volumes within a topic section. The final component of a typical LCC call-number is the publication year, in full. Library collections can add modifiers to distinguish specific volumes, such as "Copy 1." LCC should not be confused with Library of Congress Control Numbers (LCCN), which are assigned to all books (and authors) and defines online catalog entries. Library of Congress Classification

1131-497: The massive workload that would result in, especially as the "discipline" based classes of LCC have been entrenched in the average library user's mind. Like all classification systems, LCC struggles with catering to interdisciplinary scholars and topics, as ultimately, a book can only be shelved in a single location. Additionally, LCC has a problem with "othering" marginalized groups, making works related to or authored by members of these groups particularly difficult to locate. This

1170-467: The nineteenth century, the collection had grown to over a million volumes and his system was deemed too unwieldy. John Russell Young , the seventh Librarian of Congress, hired James Hanson and Charles Martel in 1897, who began the development of a new classification system that would more accurately describe the collections the library held. Young's tenure as Librarian ended with his death in 1899, and his successor, Herbert Putnam , continued to implement

1209-518: The numeration system to express the hierarchal and correlative relationships between topics), hospitality (the ability of the system to accommodate new subjects), and brevity (length of call numbers). While LCC is significantly less expressive than DDC, it is extremely hospitable, mainly in the fact that five class (I, O, W, X, and Y) lack any assignment to topics. LCC call numbers also tend to be shorter than those in DDC. The main difference between DDC and LCC

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1248-418: The other hand, Hanson and Martel designed LCC specifically for library use, which means while it does not completely enumerate the world, it does more reflect what books a library might hold. Because LCC was designed around the collections of the Library of Congress, it has an American, European, and Christian bias, as reflected mainly in the earlier developed schedules of D (World History), E and F (History of

1287-401: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title LC . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LC&oldid=1259987928 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1326-666: The topic), the LCC numerical ranges are strictly hierarchal, only corresponding to their level on the outline. LCC is enumerative, meaning that it lists all the classes in officially published schedules, which are updated as needed by the Library of Congress. After the range of numbers making up the topical division, call numbers often also include one or more Cutter numbers, modeled after the unfinished Cutter Expansive Classification index. The full LCC schedules contain tables that describe Cutter numbers for certain types of media, collections of work, and geographical areas. Cutter numbers also can take

1365-642: The updates to the catalog through his long stay in the office. By the time he departed from his post in 1939, all the classes except K (Law) were well developed. In creating their classification system, Hanson and Martel evaluated several systems already in existence, including the Dewey Decimal System , Charles Ammi Cutter 's Cutter Expansive Classification , the Index Medicus , and the Putnam Classification System (developed while Putnam

1404-522: The village of Leclaire, Illinois) is located in Edwardsville, Illinois . Two floors of the Main Complex were closed in September 2021 because of maintenance issues. As of June 2023, renovations on the Main Complex are being planned. Lewis and Clark operates a nurse-managed practice clinic to help underserved members of the community receive affordable healthcare. The Lewis and Clark Family Health Clinic

1443-428: Was K (Law): the first K schedule was published in 1969 and not completed until the 2004 publication of KB. From 1996 onwards, the LCC schedules were available online, and since 2013, there have been no new print editions of the classification system. All updates are now distributed by the Library's Cataloging Distribution Service entirely online. LCC divides all knowledge into twenty-one basic classes, exchanges given

1482-497: Was head librarian at the Minneapolis Public Library ). The one closest to their needs was Cutter's; however, he died before the completion of his system. Hanson and Martel thus decided to develop their own unique system, strongly based on his ideas. They published their first outline of the classification scheme in 1904. Development of the classes continued throughout the twentieth century. The last class to be developed

1521-661: Was one of the winners of the 2010 MetLife Foundation Community College Excellence Award, and received a $ 50,000 grant in the spring of 2010. In October 2010, the college, in conjunction with the National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, the University of Illinois , and the Illinois Natural History Survey established a river research facility, the Jerry F. Costello Confluence Field Station, along

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