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60-650: Königstuhl or Königsstuhl ( King's seat ) may refer to: Geologic formations [ edit ] Königstuhl (Gurktal Alps) , in the Nock Mountains of the Gurktal Alps of Austria Königstuhl (Odenwald) , a mountain near Heidelberg in Germany Königsstuhl (Rügen) , a chalk rock promentary on the island of Rügen in Germany Großer Königstuhl , near

120-484: A referendum in 1980, whereby 94% of the voters declared themselves against the project. Despite its name, Nock Mountains National Park was designated a protected landscape (Category V) according to IUCN protected area categories . The territory of 184 square kilometres (71 sq mi) was entirely located within the Carinthian part of the range, along the border with Salzburg and Styria, stretching from Krems and

180-708: A binary star system See also [ edit ] Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl , the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State [Astronomical] Observatory Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Königstuhl . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Königstuhl&oldid=1238334898 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

240-459: A safer position and is thus considered to be the actual founder of the market place , which in 1252 received a city charter . In the following centuries, Klagenfurt suffered fires, earthquakes, invasions of locusts, and attacks from Ottomans, and was ravaged by the Peasants' Wars . In 1514, a fire almost completely destroyed the city, and in 1518 Emperor Maximilian I , unable to rebuild it, despite

300-417: A tower at the edge of the moor was erected to watch out for the dragon, and that the dragon was baited using a bull fitted with a chain and hook, which caught the beast's palatal . A village was subsequently founded on the battlesite, which later expanded into a town, while the watchtower made way for a castle. The feat is commemorated by a grandiose 9-ton Renaissance monument in the city centre. Historically,

360-509: A typical humid continental climate (Dfb), with a fair amount of fog throughout the autumn and winter, which occurs in 106 days annually. Summers are warm and wet, with frequent thunderstorms which happen in 43.8 days on average. Klagenfurt experiences 70.9 days annually with maximum temperature at or above 25 °C (77 °F), and 18.8 days in which the maximum temperature reaches 30 °C (86 °F). The rather cold winters are broken up by occasional warmer periods due to foehn wind from

420-508: A week with a diverse selection of food available for sale. As well as the historical market, there are several shopping centres in Klagenfurt. The City-Arkaden shopping centre, founded in 2006, is located at the northern part of the city centre. The shopping centre has 120 businesses in a total floor area of 30 thousand square metres, and is one of the largest shopping centres in Carinthia. At

480-441: Is a Slovene language Gymnasium (established in 1957) and a Slovene language commercial high school. A number of general high schools such as and senior high schools offering general-cum-professional education: The ice hockey team EC KAC (Eishockey Club Klagenfurter Athletiksport Club) has won the top level Austrian Championship 30 times since its founding in 1909. The Bundesliga football club SK Austria Kärnten

540-659: Is a popular vacation spot, with mountains both to the south and north, numerous parks and a series of 23 stately homes and castles on its outskirts. In summer, the city is home to the Altstadtzauber (The Magic of the Old City) festival. Several Carinthian Slovene cultural and political associations are also based in the city, including the Hermagoras Society , the oldest Slovene publishing house founded in Klagenfurt in 1851. Klagenfurt hosts several events annually. The city

600-577: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Nock Mountains In July 2012 the Nock Mountains and the adjacent Lungau region were designated a biosphere reserve by UNESCO . They were largely unglaciated in the Ice Age and were a glacial refugium . As westernmost part of the Gurktal Alps, the Nock Mountains are separated from the Low Tauern in

660-552: Is home to the University of Klagenfurt and hosts a campus of the Fachhochschule Kärnten (Carinthia University of Applied Sciences), a college of education for primary and secondary teacher training and further education of teachers as well as a college of general further education (VHS) and two institutions of further professional and vocational education (WIFI and BFI). Among other Austrian educational institutions, there

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720-421: Is impossible for linguistic reasons. The common people also sought an explanation in a story that a baker's apprentice was accused of theft and executed, but when the alleged theft turned out to be a mistake a few days afterwards, and the lad was proved innocent, the citizens' "lament" ( Klagen ) went forth and forth. This story was reported by Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, who later became Pope Pius II . In 2007,

780-452: Is located south of the city centre. The city is situated at the intersection of the A2 and S37 motorways. The A2 autobahn runs from Vienna via Graz and Klagenfurt to Villach and further to the state border of Italy. The S37 freeway runs from Vienna via Bruck an der Mur and Sankt Veit an der Glan to Klagenfurt. The Loibl Pass highway B91 goes to Ljubljana , the capital of Slovenia , which

840-519: Is on the lake Wörthersee and on the Glan river. The city is surrounded by several forest covered hills and mountains, with heights of up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft) (for example Ulrichsberg ). To the south of the city is the Karawanken mountain range , which separates Carinthia from bordering nations of Slovenia and Italy . Klagenfurt is a statutory city of Carinthia, and the administrative seat of

900-495: Is only 88 km (55 mi) from Klagenfurt. The volume of traffic in Klagenfurt is high (motorisation level: 572 cars/1000 inhabitants in 2007). Service on the city's streetcar (tram) system , as well as its trolleybus system, ended in April 1963. In the 1960s, Klagenfurt was meant to become a car-friendly city, with many wide roads. A motorway was even planned which was to cross the city partly underground, but which now by-passes

960-592: Is the capital and largest city of the Austrian state of Carinthia , as well as of the historical region of Carinthia including Slovene Carinthia . With a population of 104,862 (1 January 2024), it is the sixth-largest city in Austria after Vienna , Graz , Linz , Salzburg , and Innsbruck . The city is the bishop's seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Gurk-Klagenfurt and home to the University of Klagenfurt ,

1020-671: The Carinthian University of Applied Sciences and the Gustav Mahler Private University for Music. Klagenfurt is considered the cultural centre of the Carinthian Slovenes (Slovene: koroški Slovenci ; German: Kärntner Slowenen ), one of Austria's indigenous minorities. The Carinthian linguists Primus Lessiak and Eberhard Kranzmayer assumed that the city's name, which literally translates as ' ford of lament' or 'ford of complaints', had something to do with

1080-565: The Kärntner Nachrichten . On 7 May 1945, a committee convened in the historic Landhaus building of the Gau authorities to form a Provisional State government, and one of the numerous decisions taken was a proclamation to the "People of Carinthia". This proclamation included the reporting of the resignation of the Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter Friedrich Rainer , the transfer of power to

1140-654: The Turracher Höhe Pass in the Gurktal Alps of Austria Königstuhl, the highest point on the mountain of Donnersberg in Germany Other uses [ edit ] Königsstuhl (horse) (1976–1995), a champion race horse Königsstuhl von Rhens , a building along the Rheinburgenweg Trail , Rhineland-Palatinate/Hesse, Germany 10949 Königstuhl , an asteroid named for the Odenwald mountains Königstuhl 1 ,

1200-473: The city walls , leaving, against a large sum collected by the citizens, only one eastern gate (which was pulled down to make way for traffic some decades later), and the small stretch in the west which is now all that is left of the once grand fortifications. In 1863, the railway connection to St. Veit an der Glan boosted the city's economy and so did the building of the Vienna-Trieste railway that brought to

1260-550: The "Commandantura of the Carinthian Military Zone" under Major Egon Remec. On Neuer Platz —renamed Adolf Hitler Platz in 1938—British armoured vehicles are said to have faced allied Yugoslav ones in a hostile way, which would have been a curious spectacle for the liberated citizens, but this is unlikely. Several days passed before, under British pressure and American diplomatic backing, the Yugoslav troops withdrew from

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1320-465: The "Nocky Mountains", an allusion to the Rocky Mountains . The central area formed Nock Mountains National Park ( German : Nationalpark Nockberge ), established by the Carinthian state government on 1 January 1987. The remote area had already been developed with the construction of the scenic Nockalm Road from 1979. Further plans for a skiing region were averted by a citizens' initiative and

1380-527: The 14th century, the abbot and historiographer John of Viktring translated Klagenfurt's name in his Liber certarum historiarum as Queremoniae Vadus 'ford of complaint', Hieronymus Megiser , master of the university college of the Carinthian Estates in Klagenfurt and editor of the earliest printed history of the duchy in 1612, believed the name to mean 'ford across the Glan River', which, however,

1440-764: The Army of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and claimed for the newly founded South-Slav kingdom. In 1920, the Yugoslav occupying forces withdrew from the town centre, but remained in its southern suburbs, such as Viktring and Ebenthal. They eventually withdrew after the Carinthian Plebiscite in October 1920, when the majority of voters in the Carinthian mixed-language Zone A decided to remain part of Austria. In 1938, Klagenfurt's population suddenly grew by more than 50% through

1500-635: The Artists' House, two municipal and several private galleries, a planetarium in Europa Park , literary institutions such as the Robert Musil House, and a reputable German-literature competition awarding the prestigious Ingeborg Bachmann Prize . Klagenfurt is the home of a number of small but fine publishing houses , and several papers or regional editions are also published here including dailies such as " Kleine Zeitung " and " Kärntner Krone ". Klagenfurt

1560-678: The Austrian flag be taken down. Accompanied by a guerilla troop carrying a machine pistol , a Yugoslav emissary appeared on the same day in the Landesregierung building, demanding of the Acting State Governor Piesch repeal the order to take down the Yugoslav flag, which was ignored. On 8 May 1945, 9:30 am, British troops of the Eighth Army under General McCreery entered Klagenfurt and were met in front of Stauderhaus by

1620-694: The Gurktal Alps they are bounded by a line from Gurk via Flattnitz Pass ( 1,400  m (AA) ) to the Paalbach stream. The Nock Mountains may be divided into eight subgroups. South of Bad Kleinkirchheim are the stocks of the Mirnock massif ( 2,110  m (AA) ) with a significant topographic prominence of 1,343 m, the Wöllaner Nock ( 2,145  m (AA) ) and the Gerlitzen ( 1,909  m (AA) ) high above Lake Ossiach. The central region of

1680-593: The IVth army. Both of these forces made their way through the city's streets which were jammed with tens of thousands of Volksdeutsche refugees, and masses of soldiers of all the nationalities that had been fighting under German command and were now fleeing the Russians. These partisan and Yugoslav regular forces claimed the city and the surrounding South Carinthian land, establishing the Komanda staba za Koroška , which would be named

1740-471: The Karawanken mountains to the south. On 52.9 days the depth of snow cover is at or above 1 cm (0.39 in), with 10.1 days having more than 20 cm (7.9 in) of snow depth. The average temperature from 1961 to 1990 was 7.1 °C (44.8 °F), while the average temperature in 1991-2020 period is 9.9 °C (49.8 °F). As of January 2020, there were 101,403 people whose principal residence

1800-501: The Lieser Valley in the west to Reichenau in the east, and down to Bad Kleinkirchheim and Radenthein in the south. Klagenfurt Klagenfurt am Wörthersee ( German: [ˌklaːɡn̩fʊʁt ʔam ˈvœʁtɐzeː] ; Slovene : Celovec ; Austro-Bavarian : Klognfuat ; Carinthian Slovene : Clouvc ; usually known as simply Klagenfurt ( English: / ˈ k l ɑː ɡ ən f ʊər t / KLAH -gən-foort ))

1860-822: The Nock Mountains is formed by the Millstätter Alpe ( 2,101  m (AA) ) and the Rosennock ( 2,440  m (AA) ), the highest summit in Carinthia. In the north are the stocks of the Schwarzwand ( 2,241  m (AA) ), the Königstuhl ( 2,406  m (AA) ) in Salzburg, which is also a tripoint , and the Eisenhut ( 2,441  m (AA) ). The range has also been referred to in German language tourist brochures as

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1920-471: The beginning of 1945, when the end of the war was rather obvious, numerous talks among representatives of democratic pre-1934 organisations had taken place, which later extended to high-ranking officers of the Wehrmacht and officials of the administration. Even representatives of the partisans in the hills south of Klagenfurt were met who, in view of the strong SS-forces in Klagenfurt, agreed not to attempt to take

1980-518: The city an imposing central station (destroyed in World War II) and solidified Klagenfurt as the centre of the region. During the 19th century, the city developed into an important centre of Carinthian Slovene culture. Many important Slovene public figures lived, studied or worked in Klagenfurt, among them Anton Martin Slomšek , who later became the first bishop of Maribor and was beatified in 1999,

2040-422: The city by force, but upheld the official declaration that south-eastern Carinthia was to be a Yugoslav possession. To avoid further destruction and a major bloodshed, on 3 May 1945 General Löhr of Army Group E (Heeresgruppe E) agreed to declare Klagenfurt an " open city " "in case Anglo-American forces should attack the city", a declaration that was broadcast several times and two days later also published in

2100-432: The city changed its official name to Klagenfurt am Wörthersee ('Klagenfurt on Lake Wörth'). However, since there are no other settlements called Klagenfurt in the world, the previous shorter name is nearly always used. Legend has it that Klagenfurt was founded after a group of brave men slayed an abominable winged " lindwurm " from the moors adjoining the lake, which was preying on the nearby duchy. The legend says that

2160-647: The city proper, but not before establishing a parallel Carinthian-Slovene civil administration (the Carinthian National Council ) presided over by Franc Petek. However, protected by British soldiers, the members of the Provisional State Government went about devising a comprehensive programme to cover the new political, sociological, and economic outlooks in the land, which would serve the British military authorities. Rapid financial assistance and

2220-406: The city to the north. The problem of four railway lines from north, west, south, and east meeting at the central station south of the city centre and strangulating city traffic has been eased by a considerable number of underpasses on the main arteries. Nevertheless, despite 28 bus lines , traffic jams are frequent nowadays as in most cities of similar size. Ideas of a rapid transport system using

2280-646: The district of Klagenfurt-Land , but is a separate district from Klagenfurt-Land. In fact, their licence plates are different (K for the city, KL for the district). Klagenfurt is divided itself into 16 districts: It is further divided into 25 Katastralgemeinden . They are: Klagenfurt, Blasendorf, Ehrenthal, Goritschitzen, Großbuch, Großponfeld, Gurlitsch I, Hallegg, Hörtendorf, Kleinbuch, Lendorf, Marolla, Nagra, Neudorf, St. Martin bei Klagenfurt, St. Peter am Karlsberg, St. Peter bei Ebenthal, Sankt Peter am Bichl, St. Ruprecht bei Klagenfurt, Stein, Tentschach, Viktring, Waidmannsdorf, Waltendorf, and Welzenegg. Klagenfurt has

2340-674: The duchy's new capital; the city was enlarged along a geometrical chequer-board lay-out according to the Renaissance ideas of the Italian architect Domenico dell'Allio ; a new city centre square, the Neuer Platz , was constructed; and the new fortifications that took half a century to build made Klagenfurt the strongest fortress north of the Alps. In 1809 , however, the French troops (under Napoleon ) destroyed

2400-468: The existing railway rails, of an elevated cable railway to the football stadium, or of a regular motorboat service on the Lend Canal from the city centre to the lake have not materialized. But for those who fancy leisurely travel there is a regular motorboat and steamer service on the lake connecting the resorts on Wörthersee. During severe winters, which no longer occur regularly, it might be faster to cross

2460-450: The first city in Austria to adopt a pedestrian zone . The idea of a friendly twinning of cities in other countries began with the first city partnership between Klagenfurt and Wiesbaden, Germany , as early as 1930. This was followed up by numerous city partnerships, with the result that in 1968, Klagenfurt was honoured with the title of "European City of the Year". Klagenfurt has also been awarded

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2520-539: The form of v Zelouzi ('in Celovec', the Slovene name for Klagenfurt), dating from 1615, is 400 years more recent and thus could be a translation from German. The latest interpretation, on the other hand, is that Old Slovene cviljovec itself goes back to Italic l'aquiliu 'place at or in the water', which would make the wailing-hag theory obsolete. Scholars attempted to explain the city's peculiar name at various times. In

2580-507: The frozen lake on skates. There is a civic theatre-cum-opera house with professional companies, a professional symphony orchestra, a university of music and a concert hall. There are musical societies such as Musikverein (founded in 1826) or Mozartgemeinde, a private experimental theatre company, the State Museum for Carinthia , a modern art museum and the Diocesan museum of religious art ;

2640-412: The incorporation of the town of St. Ruprecht and the municipalities of St. Peter, Annabichl, and St. Martin but during World War II , the city was bombed 41 times. The bombs killed 612 people, completely destroyed 443 buildings and damaged 1,132 others. A volume of 110,000 cubic metres (3,884,613 cu ft) of rubble had to be removed before the citizens could set about rebuilding their city. From

2700-419: The industrial companies. In May 2001, there were 63,618 employees in 6,184 companies here. 33 of these companies employed more than 200 people. The prevalent economic sectors are light industry , electronics, and tourism . There are also several printing offices. The most important market place in Klagenfurt since 1948 is Benedikterplatz, formerly known as Herzogplatz. There is a market at Benediktenplatz twice

2760-534: The loud protests of the citizens, ceded Klagenfurt to the Estates , the nobility of the Duchy. Never before had such a thing happened. The new owners, however, brought about an economic renaissance and the political and cultural ascendancy in Klagenfurt. A canal was dug to connect the city to the lake as a supply route for timber to rebuild the city and to feed the city's new moats; the noble families had their town-houses built in

2820-550: The new authorities, and an appeal to the people to decorate their homes with Austrian or Carinthian colours. The proclamation was printed in the Kärntner Zeitung of 8 May. When on the following day, Yugoslav military demanded of Klagenfurt's new mayor that he remove the Austrian flag from the city hall and fly the Yugoslav flag instead, the acting British Town Officer Captain Watson immediately prohibited this, but also ordered that

2880-468: The new democratic city and state authorities. All the strategic positions and important buildings were immediately seized, and Major General Horatius Murray was taken to General Noeldechen for the official surrender of the 438th German Division. Three hours later, groups of partisan forces arrived on a train they had seized in the Rosental valley the day before, at the same time as Yugoslav regular forces of

2940-742: The north, stretching as far as the Katschberg Pass ( 1,641  m (AA) ) in the west, by the Mur River. In the west, the rivers Lieser and Drau separate the Nock Mountains from the Ankogel Group of the High Tauern and from the Gailtal Alps . South of Lake Ossiach they are adjoined by the lower Sattnitz range and the Klagenfurt Basin, another part of the Gurktal Alps. To the east, within

3000-463: The philologists Jurij Japelj and Anton Janežič , the politician Andrej Einspieler , and the activist Matija Majar . The Slovene national poet France Prešeren also spent a short part of his professional career there. On the initiative of bishop Slomšek , teacher Anton Janežič and vicar Andrej Einspieler on 27 July 1851 in Klagenfurt the Hermagoras Society publishing house was founded, which in 1919 moved to Prevalje and then in 1927 to Celje, but

3060-485: The place was founded by the Spanheim Duke Herman as a stronghold sited across the commercial routes in the area. Its first mention dates from the late 12th century in a document in which Duke Ulric II. exempted St. Paul's Abbey from the toll charge "in foro Chlagenvurth ". That settlement occupied an area that was subject to frequent flooding, so in 1246 Duke Herman's son, Duke Bernhard von Spanheim , moved it to

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3120-416: The population of Klagenfurt to about 90,000. The city of Klagenfurt is in southern Austria, near the border with Slovenia. It is in the lower middle of Austria, almost the same distance from Innsbruck in the west as it is from Vienna in the northeast. Klagenfurt is elevated 446 metres (1,463 feet) above sea level and covers an area of 120.03 square kilometres ( 46 + 3 ⁄ 8  sq mi). It

3180-400: The prestigious Europa Nostra Diploma of Merit (an award for the exemplary restoration and redevelopment of its ancient centre) a total of three times, which is a record for a European city. In 1973, Klagenfurt absorbed four more adjacent municipalities: Viktring, with its grand Cistercian monastery ; Wölfnitz; Hörtendorf; and St. Peter am Bichl. The addition of these municipalities increased

3240-582: The restitution of property to the victims of the Nazi regime was necessary. This posed a problem, because one of the first actions of the British had been to confiscate all the property of the Nazi Party , as well as to freeze their bank accounts and to block their financial transfers. It took months before basic communication and public transport , mail service and supply were working again, to some extent at least. During

3300-403: The superstitious thought that fateful fairies or demons tend to live around treacherous waters or swamps. In Old Slovene, a cviljovec is a place haunted by such a wailing female ghost or cvilya . Thus, they assumed that Klagenfurt's name was a translation made by the German settlers of the original Slovene name of the neighbouring wetland. However, the earliest Slovene mention of Klagenfurt in

3360-454: The time of its foundation, it was one of the first shopping centres with a central arcade in the entire country of Austria. The second-largest shopping centre in the city is Südpark , founded in 1998 and located near the Klagenfurt central station. Klagenfurt Airport is a primary international airport with connections to several major European cities and holiday resorts abroad. The Klagenfurt central station ( German : Hauptbahnhof )

3420-400: The years that followed these turbulent days, a major part of the British Eighth Army , which in July 1945 was re-constituted as British Troops in Austria (BTA), had their headquarters in Klagenfurt - as Carinthia, together with neighbouring Styria, formed part of the British occupation zone in liberated Austria, which remained to be the case until 26 October 1955. In 1961, Klagenfurt became

3480-418: Was Klagenfurt. In 2019, there were around 20,000 people who were born outside the country living in Klagenfurt, corresponding to around 20% of the city's population. The Old City, with its central Alter Platz (Old Square) and the Renaissance buildings with their charming arcaded courtyards are a major attraction. Notable landmarks also include: Klagenfurt is the economic centre of Carinthia, with 20% of

3540-426: Was based in Klagenfurt, with their second-tier phoenix club Austria Klagenfurt also playing there. Klagenfurt hosts the Start/Finish of the Austrian Ironman Contest, 3.8 km ( 2 + 3 ⁄ 8  mi) swim, 180 km (112 mi) cycling, and a 42 km (26 mi) run, part of the WTC Ironman series, which culminates in the Hawaii World Championships. The World Rowing Championships were held on

3600-404: Was re-established in Klagenfurt in 1947. Several Slovene language newspapers were also published in the city, among them Slovenski glasnik . By the late 19th century, however, the Slovene cultural and political influence in Klagenfurt had declined sharply, and by the end of World War I , the city showed an overwhelmingly Austrian German character. Nevertheless, in 1919, the city was occupied by

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