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93-616: The name of the municipality stems from the Augustinian monastery Crucelin , later Kreuzlingen Abbey . It was founded in 1125 by the Bishop of Constance Ulrich I. In the Swabian War and the 30 Years' War after the siege of Constance by Swedish troops, the Augustinian monastery was burned down by the people of Constance, who blamed the monks for having supported the enemy. In 1650, the monastery

186-561: A Commissary General , each of the two congregations by a Vicar General , and every monastery by a Prior (only the Czech monastery of Alt-Brunn in Moravia is under an abbot ) and every college by a Rector . The members of the Order number both priests and lay brothers . The Augustinians, like most religious orders, have a Cardinal Protector . The Augustinians follow the rule of St. Augustine which

279-590: A Tertiary school, and 582 (6.7%) are not in school. The remainder did not answer this question. The historical population is given in the following table: Train lines link the city to St. Gallen , St. Margrethen , and Romanshorn . A rack railway , the Rorschach-Heiden-Bahn , leads to Heiden (800m a.s.l. ). In 1856, the station became the terminus of the Zurich–St. Gallen line . Formerly, train carriages were transported over Lake Constance and thus it

372-472: A monastic community life. Regarding the use of property or possessions, Augustine did not make a virtue of poverty, but of sharing. Their manner of life led others to imitate them. Instructions for their guidance were found in several writings of Augustine, especially in De opere monachorum , mentioned in ancient codices of the eighth or ninth century as the " Rule of St. Augustine ". Between 430 and 570 this life-style

465-540: A population growth rate of 1.5%. The age distribution, as of 2009, in Kreuzlingen is; 1,651 children or 8.7% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 1,908 teenagers or 10.1% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 2,753 people or 14.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 2,588 people or 13.7% are between 30 and 39, 3,201 people or 16.9% are between 40 and 49, and 2,536 people or 13.4% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution

558-634: A General Chapter, again to be held under the supervision of his nephew, Cardinal Annibaldi. During this chapter the following groups of hermits, inter alia , were amalgamated to the Order, which up to then had only consisted of the groups of the Tuscan hermits (including the Hermits of the Holy Trinity): At this Chapter Lanfranc Settala, the leader of the Bonites, was elected Prior General. The belted, black tunic of

651-427: A clerical adaptation of monastic life, as it grew out of an attempt to organize communities of clerics to a more dedicated way of life, as St. Augustine himself had done. Historically it paralleled the lay movement of monasticism or the eremitical life from which the friars were later to develop. In their tradition, the canons added the commitment of religious vows to their primary vocation of pastoral care. As

744-400: A contemplative Order, differs from traditional monastic orders in three ways. 1) They do not take vows of stability, meaning that they can live in one house (called a friary or sometimes a monastery) typically for several years before being moved into a different community of the order. 2) They are engaged in apostolic activity, such as mission work, education, prison ministries, etc. The order

837-453: A dozen saints and numerous members declared blessed by the Church. The Prior General Sebastiano Martinelli was the latest member of the order to be elevated to the cardinalate from 1901 to 1912. Ecclesiastical privileges were granted to the order almost from its beginning. Alexander IV freed the order from the jurisdiction of the bishops; Innocent VIII, in 1490, granted to the churches of

930-495: A household made up of relatives, 311 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 860 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2008, was 1.06%. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 35.92% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (17.41%),

1023-501: A household made up of relatives, 96 who lived household made up of unrelated persons, and 227 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 26.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (23.6%), the CVP (22.9%) and the FDP (13.9%). In Rorschach about 55.3% of

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1116-447: A major superior and to adopt one of the Rules of community life that were approved by the Church. In 1243 the Tuscan hermits petitioned Pope Innocent IV to unite them all as one group. On 16 December 1243 Innocent IV issued the bull Incumbit Nobis , an essentially pastoral letter which, despite its brevity, basically served as the magna carta initiating the foundation of the Order as it

1209-458: A misnomer for they ranked among the friars, and became the fourth of the mendicant orders. The observance and manner of life was mild relative to those times, meat being allowed four days in the week. In August 1256, a number of Williamite houses withdrew from the newly formed mendicant order and were allowed to continue as a separate congregation under the Benedictine rule. The early years in

1302-408: A population (as of 31 December 2020) of 9,646. As of 2007 , about 43.7% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Of the foreign population, (as of 2000 ), 156 are from Germany , 747 are from Italy , 1,353 are from ex- Yugoslavia , 103 are from Austria , 329 are from Turkey , and 740 are from another country. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of −5%. Most of

1395-436: A population (as of December 2020) of 22,390. As of 2008, 48.1% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 2.2%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (79.7%), with Italian being second most common (5.2%) and Albanian being third (3.8%). As of 2008, the gender distribution of the population was 49.2% male and 50.8% female. The population

1488-482: A religious community, "charism" is the particular contribution that each religious order, congregation or family and its individual members embody. The teaching and writing of Augustine, the Augustinian Rule , and the lives and experiences of Augustinians over sixteen centuries help define the ethos and special charism of the order. The pursuit of truth through learning is key to the Augustinian ethos, balanced by

1581-512: A residential and commercial building in 1843 to house the emigrant press of Bellevue, which had previously been located in Römerburg . In 1857, Ludwig Binswanger, a psychiatrist from Münsterlingen acquired the property and opened a private sanatorium. The clinic was very modern and remained in the control of the Binswanger family for nearly 120 years. Important psychiatric advances, particularly under

1674-735: A rule). Augustine's Rule appears again in practice in the eleventh century as a basis for the reform of monasteries and cathedral chapters. Several groups of canons were established under various disciplines, all with the Augustinian Rule as their basis. It was adopted by the Canons Regular of the Abbey of St. Victor in Paris, as well as the Norbertines . The instructions contained in Augustine's Rule formed

1767-405: Is 2,076 people or 11.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 1,393 people or 7.4% are between 70 and 79, there are 712 people or 3.8% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 115 people or 0.6% who are 90 and older. As of 2000, there were 7,643 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.1 persons per household. In 2000, there were 1,233 single-family homes (or 58.4% of

1860-603: Is a municipality , in the District of Rorschach in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland . It is on the south side of Lake Constance ( Bodensee ). Rorschach is first mentioned in 850 as Rorscachun . In 947, Otto I granted the abbot of St. Gall the right to operate markets, mint coins and levy tariffs at Rorschach. In 1489–90 the Rorschacher Klosterbruch or destruction of the abbey at Rorschach touched off

1953-700: Is also a key part of the Augustinian ethos. Contemporary Augustinian musical foundations include the Augustinerkirche in Vienna, where orchestral masses by Mozart and Schubert are performed every week, as well as the boys' choir at Sankt Florian in Austria, a school conducted by Augustinian canons, a choir now over 1,000 years old. Augustinians have also produced a formidable body of scholarly works. Augustinian friars believe that Augustine of Hippo , first with some friends and afterward as bishop with his clergy , led

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2046-466: Is certain that in its modern state the Order is principally founded on spiritual works, those that pertain to the contemplative life. These are as follows: the singing of the divine office; the service of the altar; prayer; psalm singing; devotion to reading or study of sacred scripture; teaching and preaching the word of God; hearing confessions of the faithful; bringing about the salvation of souls by word and example.". The Order expanded beyond Europe to

2139-476: Is divided into 8 chapters (purpose and basis of common life, prayer, moderation and self-denial, safeguarding chastity and fraternal correction, the care of community goods and treatment of sick, asking for pardon and forgiving others, governance and obedience, and observance of the rule). The Augustinians also use the charism or "gift from the Holy Spirit" to guide the communal life. The choir and outdoor dress of

2232-488: Is forested. Of the rest of the land, 4.87 km (1.88 sq mi) or 42.4% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.11 km (27 acres) or 1.0% is either rivers or lakes and 0.13 km (32 acres) or 1.1% is unproductive land. Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 22.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 5.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.7%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 5.3% of

2325-483: Is forested. Of the rest of the land, 90.4% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (0.6%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes). The municipality is the capital of the Rorschach Wahlkreis . It is located on Lake Constance and bordered by the municipalities of Rorschacherberg and Goldach . The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Garb Or between two Perches urinant. Rorschach has

2418-449: Is known today. This papal bull exhorted these hermits to adopt the Rule and way of life of Augustine of Hippo , to profess this Augustinian manner of life in a way that they themselves would decide with regards to their specific charism and apostolate , and to elect a Prior General. The bull also appointed Cardinal Riccardo Annibaldi as their Cardinal protector . The importance of this man in

2511-561: Is located in the Kreuzlingen district on the border with the German city of Konstanz . It is located on Lake Constance where it narrows to form the Untersee , bordering with Konstanz in Germany. It is halfway between Schaffhausen and Rorschach on a slightly southward-dipping west–east axis. It consists of the former villages of Bernrain, Egelshofen, Emmishofen and Kurzrickenbach. Kreuzlingen has

2604-514: Is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . Earlier, the majority of the inhabitants made a living in the wine industry. However, because of diseases and bad harvests, the last wine grapes were raised in Kreuzlingen in 1938. The local economy is largely commercial and manufacturing, with the largest employer being a clothing manufacturer. As of  2007, Kreuzlingen had an unemployment rate of 3.54%. As of 2005, there were 92 people employed in

2697-682: Is the Stadt- und Berufsschulbibliothek . The library has (as of 2008) 22,870 books or other media, and loaned out 120,211 items in the same year. It was open a total of 290 days with average of 30 hours per week during that year. Kreuzlingen is a rail node, and also the northern terminus of the A7 motorway in Switzerland. FC Kreuzlingen is the municipality's football club. Kreuzlingen has traditionally been one of Switzerland's hubs in Water polo . The SC Kreuzlingen won

2790-451: Is under the supervision of a Prior General in Rome, and as an international order they are divided into various Provinces throughout the world, with each Province being led by a Prior Provincial. (3) As an order, they have a special commitment to corporate poverty as opposed to simply the poverty professed by the individual friar. While this is not currently legislated as it was in the origins of

2883-683: The Acts of the Apostles , particularly Acts 4:32: "The community of believers was of one heart and mind, and no one claimed that any of his possessions was his own, but they had everything in common." (NAB). By decree of the Holy See, the Augustinian Order was historically granted what was known as exempt status, which placed made it directly dependent on the Pope, meaning that bishops had no jurisdiction with regards to

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2976-478: The CVP (16.13%) and the Green Party (12.99%). In the federal election, a total of 3,633 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.9%. The historical population is given in the following table: The Former Augustinian Chorherrenstift of St Ulrich, the former granary and wine press at Seeburgscheune and Seeburg Castle are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance . The Untersee region

3069-648: The Swiss Championship a total of 9 times. Augustinians Augustinians are members of several religious orders that follow the Rule of Saint Augustine , written in about 400 AD by Augustine of Hippo . There are two distinct types of Augustinians in Catholic religious orders dating back to the 12th–13th centuries: There are also some Anglican religious orders created in the 19th century that follow Augustine's rule. These are composed only of women in several different communities of Augustinian nuns . In

3162-674: The Via Jacobi (one of the routes of the Way of St. James ), the Alpenpanoramaweg to Geneva, and the Rheintaler Höhenweg to Sargans. As of  2007 , Rorschach had an unemployment rate of 3.59%. As of 2005 , there were 30 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 3 businesses involved in this sector. 1,188 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 103 businesses in this sector. 3,417 people are employed in

3255-717: The Waldkircher Bund with the rebels. The Abbot spent the following months seeking support from his allies in the Old Swiss Confederation to punish St. Gallen and Appenzell. Initially he had little success. While the four allied cantons ( Zürich , Lucerne , Schwyz and Glarus ) generally supported the Abbot, the remainder of the Confederacy did not. However, the creation of the Waldkircher Bund appeared threatening to

3348-455: The euro and the franc and a German VAT refund that allows shoppers from non- European Union countries such as Switzerland to get back as much as a fifth of the price of the goods they buy. Elected officials from the city have asked the national government to negotiate a change in this policy with their German counterparts as they feel it is anti-competitive; at the same time some Konstanz residents, feeling displaced in their own hometown by

3441-438: The primary economic sector and about 20 businesses involved in this sector. 2,799 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 183 businesses in this sector. 6,042 people are employed in the tertiary sector , with 821 businesses in this sector. In 2000, there were 11,275 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 3,510 or about 31.1% of the residents worked outside Kreuzlingen while 4,725 people commuted into

3534-429: The tertiary sector , with 467 businesses in this sector. As of October 2009 the average unemployment rate was 6.3%. There were 558 businesses in the municipality of which 107 were involved in the secondary sector of the economy while 451 were involved in the third. As of 2000 there were 1,878 residents who worked in the municipality, while 2,486 residents worked outside Rorschach and 4,218 people commuted into

3627-484: The Abbey. They quickly tore down the walls and burned everything they could find. After spending the night drinking and feasting on the abbot's supplies, they returned to their homes. The attack cost the Abbot the 13,000 gulden he had already spent on construction along with an additional 3,000 in furniture and supplies. The Abbey's vassals were supportive of the actions of the city and Appenzell and on 21 October 1489 signed

3720-511: The Confederation and moved it to support the Abbot. On 24 January 1490, the Confederacy allowed the four cantons to attack the city and Appenzell. Facing forces from the Confederation, the Waldkircher Bund dissolved as each group prepared to defend themselves. The Swiss army besieged St. Gallen on 11 or 12 February and on 15 February the city surrendered. The peace treaty dissolved the Bund, restored

3813-846: The Dominicans (i.e. without long scapular, rosary, etc.). "The foundation of Augustinian life is life in common," with a contemplative dimension. Abbey of Brno Delegations of Central America (Costa Rica) Province of England and Scotland Vicariate of Antilles (Puerto Rico) Vicariate of Apurimac (Peru) Vicariate of Argentina Province of Belgium Province of Bolivia Delegation of Brazil (Castille) Vicariate of Brazil (Holy Name) Vicariate of Brazil (Mother of Consolation) Province of Cebu (Philippines) Province of California Province of Canada Province of Castille (Spain) Province of Chicago Province of Chile Vicariate of Chulucanas (Peru) Rorschach, St. Gallen Rorschach ( German pronunciation: [ˈʁoːɐ̯ˌʃax] )

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3906-777: The Order follows the Constitutions approved in the Ordinary General Chapter of 2007. The government of the order is as follows: At the head is the Prior General, elected every six years by the General Chapter . The Prior General is aided by six assistants and a secretary, also elected by the General Chapter. These form the Curia Generalitia . Each province is governed by a Prior Provincial , each commissariat by

3999-469: The Order forever by a Bull issued in 1497. The holder of the office was Rector of the Vatican parish (of which the chapel of St. Paul is the parish church). To his office also belonged the duty of preserving in his oratory a consecrated Host , which had to be renewed weekly and kept in readiness in case of the pope's illness, when it was the privilege of the papal sacristan to administer the last sacraments to

4092-484: The St. Gallen War. Following decades of conflict with the city of St. Gallen , in late 1480 Abbot Ulrich Rösch began planning to move the abbey away from the city of St. Gallen to Rorschach. By moving he hoped to escape the independence and conflict in the city. Additionally, by moving closer to the important lake trade routes, he could make Rorschach into a major harbor and collect a fortune in taxes. In turn Mayor Varnbüler and

4185-458: The Tuscan hermits was adopted as the common religious habit , and the walking sticks carried by the Bonites in keeping with eremitical tradition—and to distinguish themselves from those hermits who went around begging—ceased to be used. The 12-year-old religious Order of friars now consisted of 100 or more houses. On 9 April 1256 Pope Alexander IV issued the bull Licet Ecclesiae catholicae (Bullarium Taurinense, 3rd ed., 635 sq.) which confirmed

4278-417: The abbot's lands, allowed him to rebuild Mariaburg Abbey but required him to remain in St. Gallen. Mariaberg Monastery was rebuilt starting in 1497 and completed 1518. But it only served the monastery of St. Gallen as an administrative center and later became a school. Rorschach has an area, as of 2006 , of 1.8 km (0.69 sq mi). Of this area, 7.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.7%

4371-550: The adult population, 1,224 people or 14.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,351 people or 15.6% are between 30 and 39, 1,190 people or 13.8% are between 40 and 49, and 1,013 people or 11.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 786 people or 9.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 751 people or 8.7% are between 70 and 79, there are 402 people or 4.6% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 54 people or 0.6% who are between 90 and 99. In 2000 there were 1,848 persons (or 21.4% of

4464-443: The area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 8.4%. Out of the forested land, 26.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 25.1% is used for growing crops, while 2.2% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is in lakes. Of the unproductive areas, 1.1% is unproductive vegetation and . The municipality

4557-466: The basis of the Rule that, in accordance with the decree of the Lateran Synod of 1059, was adopted by canons who desired to practice a common apostolic life, hence the title of Canons Regular of Saint Augustine . The Canons Regular follow the more ancient form of religious life which developed toward the end of the first millennium and thus predates the founding of the friars. They represent

4650-584: The canons became independent of the diocesan structures, they came to form their own monastic communities. The official name of the Order is the Canons Regular of St. Augustine (CRSA). The 2008 Constitutions of the Order of St. Augustine states that the Order of Saint Augustine is composed of the following: In addition to these three branches, the Augustinian family also includes other groups: a) religious institutes , both male and female, formally aggregated to

4743-458: The city feared that a new harbor on the lake would cause trade to bypass St. Gallen and Appenzell. They would then be forced to go through the Prince-Bishop's harbor to sell their fabric. Though the city of St. Gallen and Appenzell opposed the new monastery, after the approval of Pope Sixtus IV and protracted negotiations with Emperor Friedrich III the corner stone of the new Mariaberg Abbey

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4836-645: The eastern Mediterranean, briefly acquiring a convent in Acre just prior to its conquest in 1291. In the middle of the fourteenth century, the Augustinian Friars acquired the large convent of San Salvatore in Venetian Heraklion (medieval Candia) where they attempted to use the cult of Nicholas of Tolentino to appeal to the local Greek-speaking population. The building stood on Kornaros Square until its demolition in 1970. The Augustinians count among their number over

4929-438: The foreign population increased by 66. There was 1 Swiss man, 2 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country, 299 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 263 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was a decrease of 168 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 442 people. This represents

5022-688: The foundation of the Order cannot be overstated. As decreed by the bull Praesentium Vobis , the Tuscan hermits came together for a general chapter in March 1244, a chapter presided over by Cardinal Annibaldi. At this chapter the Order formally adopted the Rule of St. Augustine and determined to follow the Roman office with the Cistercian psalter , and to hold triennial elections of the Prior General. The first Prior General

5115-421: The founder's grandson, also called Ludwig Binswanger , especially in the development of existential psychotherapy , were made at the sanatorium. However, few of its buildings remain. Kreuzlingen has an area, as of 2009, of 11.49 square kilometers (4.44 sq mi). Of this area, 3.13 km (1.21 sq mi) or 27.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 3.24 km (1.25 sq mi) or 28.2%

5208-484: The friars is a tunic of black woolen material, with long, wide sleeves, a black leather girdle , and a large shoulder cape to which is attached a long, pointed hood reaching to the girdle. The indoor dress consists of a black tunic and scapular , over which the shoulder cape is worn. In many monasteries, white was formerly the color worn in areas where there were no Dominicans . In hot climates Augustinians tend to wear white habits as they are easily distinguishable with

5301-547: The injunction to behave with love towards one another. These same imperatives of affection and fairness have driven the order in its international missionary outreach. This balanced pursuit of love and learning has energised the various branches of the order into building communities founded on mutual affection and intellectual advancement. Augustine spoke passionately of God's "beauty so ancient and so new", and his fascination with beauty extended to music. He taught that "whoever sings prays twice" ( Qui cantat, bis orat ) and music

5394-518: The integration of the Hermits of John the Good (Rule of St. Augustine, 1225), the Hermits of St. William (Rule of St. Benedict), the Hermits of Brettino (Rule of St. Augustine, 1228), the Hermits of Monte Favale (Rule of St. Benedict), other smaller congregations, and the Tuscan Hermits into what was officially called the Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine. Almost from the beginning the term "hermits" became

5487-414: The internal affairs of the order. This is now expressed by saying that the order is an institute of pontifical right. The Augustinian friars originated after the older Canons Regular . The friars represented part of the mendicant movement of the 13th century, a new form of religious life which sought to bring the religious ideals of monastic life into an urban setting which allowed the religious to serve

5580-614: The municipality for work. From the 2000 census , 4,033 or 46.6% are Roman Catholic , while 1,868 or 21.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there are 9 individuals (or about 0.10% of the population) who belong to the Christian Catholic faith, there are 407 individuals (or about 4.71% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 187 individuals (or about 2.16% of

5673-483: The municipality for work. There were a total of 12,490 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. In the late 2010s, Kreuzlingen's downtown began to experience a dearth of shoppers as many of them, including buses from elsewhere in Switzerland that pass through the city, started crossing the border to shop in Konstanz instead, due to lower prices for basic items in Germany, a favorable exchange rate between

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5766-586: The municipality, except for the Augustinian monastery, belonged to the Bishop of Constance . When the Eidgenossen conquered Thurgau in 1460 and further with the Reformation , the ties to the neighboring city loosened. Until the beginning of the 19th century, the present center of Kreuzlingen was still largely agricultural. The first steamboats began to operate on Lake Constance in 1824. The first train line to Romanshorn

5859-480: The needs of the people in an apostolic capacity. At this time a number of eremitical groups lived in such diverse places as Tuscany , Latium , Umbria , Liguria , England, Switzerland, Germany, and France. The Fourth Council of the Lateran of 1215 issued the decree Ne nimium to organise these small groups of religious people by requiring them to live in community, to hold elective chapters, to be under obedience to

5952-424: The onslaught of Swiss on weekends, have opened businesses in Kreuzlingen that primarily cater to other Germans. Kreuzlingen is the seat of General Dynamics European Land Systems - Mowag (GDELS), a defense technology company, formerly called MOWAG in the Unterseestrasse 65. In 2012, it had employed 900 highly skilled personnel at the facility and announced to cut 270 jobs. From the 2000 census, 12,755 or 74.45% of

6045-399: The order by a decree of the Prior General (this would include the Augustinians of the Assumption , the Sisters of St. Rita , etc.); b) other groups of lay Augustinians; c) lay faithful affiliated to the Order. The Augustinian, or Austin, friars (OSA), are a mendicant order. As consecrated religious, they pray the Liturgy of the Hours throughout the day. This Latin Church order, while

6138-405: The order indulgences such as can only be gained by making the Stations at Rome; Pope Pius V placed the Augustinians among the mendicant orders and ranked them next to the Carmelites . Since the end of the 13th century the sacristan of the Papal Palace was always to be an Augustinian friar, who would be ordained as a bishop . This privilege was ratified by Pope Alexander VI and granted to

6231-406: The order's history featured a great devotion to learning, to study, to prayer, to service of the poor, and to defense of the Pope and the Church – a particular charism of the Order rooted in the fact that it is the only Order in the history of the Church to be founded directly by a Pope. In his work The Life of the Brothers , the 14th-century Augustinian historian and friar Jordan of Saxony writes:"It

6324-423: The order, this is to be a distinguishing mark of their lives as a community. As consecrated religious, Augustinians profess the evangelical counsels of chastity, poverty, and obedience. They follow the Rule of St. Augustine, written sometime between 397 and 403 for a monastic community Augustine founded in Hippo (in modern day Algeria), and which takes as its inspiration the early Christian community described in

6417-480: The pope. The sacristan had always to accompany the pope when he traveled, and during a conclave it was he who celebrated Mass and administered the sacraments . He lived at the Vatican with a sub-sacristan and three lay brothers of the order (cf. Rocca, "Chronhistoria de Apostolico Sacrario", Rome, 1605). Augustinian friars, as of 2009, still perform the duties of papal sacristans, but the appointment of an Augustinian bishop-sacristan lapsed under Pope John Paul II with

6510-471: The population (as of 2000 ) speaks German (76.0%), with Italian being second most common ( 5.3%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 4.4%). Of the Swiss national languages (as of 2000 ), 6,572 speak German , 38 people speak French , 462 people speak Italian , and 13 people speak Romansh . The age distribution, as of 2000 , in Rorschach is; 885 children or 10.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 991 teenagers or 11.5% are between 10 and 19. Of

6603-412: The population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Out of the total population in Rorschach, as of 2000 , the highest education level completed by 2,313 people (26.7% of the population) was Primary , while 2,915 (33.7%) have completed their secondary education, 704 (8.1%) have attended

6696-511: The population were Christian. Of those 6,339 or 37.0% were Roman Catholic , while 5,313 or 31.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 13 Old Catholics (or about 0.08% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland there are 632 individuals (or about 3.69% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 458 individuals (or about 2.68% of

6789-561: The population) did not answer the question. The former granary ( Kornhaus ) at Hauptstrasse 58 and the former Benedictine Abbey of Mariaberg (now the Kantonales Lehrerseminar) at Seminarstrasse 27 are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance . In town, sights include the lake promenade, an aviation museum in Altenrhein as well as the castles of St. Anna , Wartensee , Sulzberg and Wartegg . Additionally,

6882-442: The population) did not answer the question. In Kreuzlingen about 63.2% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Kreuzlingen is home to the Kreuzlingen primary school district . It is also home to the Kreuzlingen secondary school district. In the 2008/2009 school year there were 1,191 students in

6975-406: The population) who belong to another Christian church. There is 1 individual who is Jewish , and 1,106 (or about 12.79% of the population) who are Islamic . There are 68 individuals (or about 0.79% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 652 (or about 7.54% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 316 individuals (or about 3.65% of

7068-450: The population) who belong to another Christian church. There were 11 individuals (or about 0.06% of the population) who were Jewish , and 2,064 (or about 12.06% of the population) who are Islamic . There are 111 individuals (or about 0.65% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 1,532 (or about 8.95% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 645 individuals (or about 3.77% of

7161-410: The population) who were living alone in a private dwelling. There were 1,916 (or 22.2%) persons who were part of a couple (married or otherwise committed) without children, and 3,925 (or 45.4%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 555 (or 6.4%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 42 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 38 persons who lived in

7254-439: The primary school district. There were 290 children in the kindergarten , and the average class size was 17.06 kindergartners. Of the children in kindergarten, 146 or 50.3% were female, 163 or 56.2% were not Swiss citizens and 140 or 48.3% did not speak German natively. The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and last for 6 years. There were 446 children in who were at the lower primary level and 455 children in

7347-716: The retirement of Petrus Canisius Van Lierde in 1991. In papal Rome the Augustinian friars always filled one of the Chairs of the Sapienza University , and one of the consultorships in the Congregation of Rites . The Discalced Augustinians were formed in 1588 in Italy as a reform movement of the Order and have their own constitutions, differing from those of the other Augustinians. The Augustinian Recollects developed in Spain in 1592 with

7440-475: The same goal. Currently, though, they are primarily found serving in pastoral care . The Augustinian Hermits, while following the rule known as that of St. Augustine, are also subject to the Constitutions, first drawn up by Augustinus Novellus (d. 1309), Prior General of the order from 1298 to 1300, and by Clement of Osimo. A revision was made at Rome in 1895. The Constitutions were revised again and published at Rome in 1895, with additions in 1901 and 1907. Today,

7533-411: The secondary school district there are 622 students. At the secondary level, students are divided according to performance. The secondary level begins at about age 12 and usually lasts 3 years. There were 318 teenagers who were in the advanced school, of which 179 or 56.3% were female, 93 or 29.2% were not Swiss citizens and 92 or 28.9% did not speak German natively. There were 274 teenagers who were in

7626-449: The standard school, of which 124 or 45.3% were female, 173 or 63.1% were not Swiss citizens and 174 or 63.5% did not speak German natively. Finally, there were 30 teenagers who were in special or remedial classes, of which 13 or 43.3% were female, 20 or 66.7% were not Swiss citizens and 20 or 66.7% did not speak German natively. The average class size for all classes at the secondary level was 19.73 students. The main library in Kreuzlingen

7719-496: The total) out of a total of 2,111 inhabited buildings. There were 196 two-family buildings (9.3%), 148 three-family buildings (7.0%) and 534 multi-family buildings (or 25.3%). There were 4,031 (or 23.5%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 7,659 (or 44.7%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 1,037 (or 6.1%) people who lived in a single-parent home, while there are 77 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 59 persons who lived in

7812-438: The upper primary level. The average class size in the primary school was 17.15 students. At the lower primary level, there were 225 children or 50.4% of the total population who were female, 245 or 54.9% were not Swiss citizens and 218 or 48.9% did not speak German natively. In the upper primary level, there were 224 or 49.2% who were female, 221 or 48.6% were not Swiss citizens and 217 or 47.7% did not speak German natively. In

7905-454: Was Friar Matthew, followed by Adjutus and Philip. In the papal bull Pia desideria , issued on 31 March 1244, Pope Innocent IV formally approved the foundation of the Order. In 1255 Innocent's successor, Pope Alexander IV , issued the papal bull Cum Quaedam Salubria summoning all the various groups of Augustinian hermits and the Hermits of Saint William to send two representatives to Rome for

7998-571: Was carried to Europe by monks and clergy fleeing the persecution of the Vandals. In the thirteenth century, the various eremitical groups that composed the Augustinian Hermits faced the threat of suppression by the papacy based on their lack of antiquity. To overcome this, the friars forged a historical connection to St Augustine, and made an especial point to demonstrate that they received the Rule directly from Augustine himself. The Augustinian rule

8091-441: Was finished in 1871, and the second to Etzwilen in 1875. This brought commerce and industry to the region. In 1874, the municipality of Egelshofen was renamed Kreuzlingen and became the capital of the district, instead of Gottlieben . It reached its present size with the incorporation of Kurzrickenbach in 1927 and Emmishofen in 1928. However, until World War I , Kreuzlingen was a kind of suburb of Constance. Most of its industry

8184-416: Was in the hands of German firms. The war made Kreuzlingen more independent. In 1947 Kreuzlingen passed the mark of 10,000 residents, thus becoming according to Swiss statistical convention a town . The Sanatorium of Bellevue (1857–1980), which occupied part of the old monastery, played an important role in the history of Kreuzlingen. In 1842, Ignaz Vanotti from Constance bought a large tract of land and built

8277-688: Was in use by a wide range of groups across early and high medieval Europe, and there is no historical evidence that the Augustinian Friars were in any way founded by St Augustine himself. Rather, the friars invented these links after the Order was threatened with suppression in 1274 at the Second Council of Lyons. While in early Medieval times the rule was overshadowed by other Rules, particularly that of St. Benedict , this system of life for cathedral clergy continued in various locations throughout Europe for centuries, and they became known as Canons regular (i.e. cathedral clergy living in community according to

8370-519: Was laid on 21 March 1487. At first the city simply protested the Abbot's plan, but when that went nowhere, they began planning an attack on the abbey. They believed that the Swiss Confederation would not intervene due to tensions between them and the Swabian League . On 28 July 1489 a group of 1200 Appenzellers and 350 St. Galleners assembled at Grub (now part of Eggersriet ) and marched on

8463-443: Was made up of 4,409 Swiss men (23.8% of the population), and 4,715 (25.5%) non-Swiss men. There were 5,208 Swiss women (28.1%), and 4,194 (22.6%) non-Swiss women. In 2008, there were 73 live births to Swiss citizens and 95 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 137 deaths of Swiss citizens and 29 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 64 while

8556-576: Was possible to reach Heiden from Frankfurt or Berlin without changing trains. The highway A1 runs close to the south of Rorschach, but the town does not have its own junction. The highway leads towards Sankt Gallen to the west and Sankt Margrethen to the east. Rorschach also has a harbour served by passenger ferries. These travel to nearby towns on the Swiss and German sides of the lake. A number of hiking trails either start or end in Rorschach. These include

8649-477: Was rebuilt in its present location. With secularization in 1848, the buildings became a teachers' school. The chapel became a Catholic church. The area was already settled during the Bronze Age . Celtic and Roman coins and artifacts testify of continued settlement. Kurzrickenbach is first mentioned as Rihinbah in 830, Egelshofen as Eigolteshoven in 1125, and Emmishofen as Eminshoven in 1159. The territory of

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