The Karst Plateau or the Karst region ( Slovene : Kras , Italian : Carso ), also locally called Karst , is a karst plateau region extending across the border of southwestern Slovenia and northeastern Italy .
32-664: [REDACTED] Look up Appendix:Variations of "kras" in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Kras may refer to: Karst Plateau , known in Slovene as Kras , a limestone borderline plateau region in southwestern Slovenia KRAS - a protein V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog Kras Stadion , a stadium in Volendam, Netherlands Kras, Istria County [ hr ] ,
64-621: A narrow belt along the Himalayas to cover mainland and island Southeast Asia as far as Sumatra , Java , Borneo , and Palawan . Finally, oaks of multiple sections ( Cyclobalanopsis , Ilex , Cerris , Quercus and related genera like Lithocarpus and Castanopsis ) extend across east Asia including China, Korea, and Japan. Potential records of Quercus have been reported from Late Cretaceous deposits in North America and East Asia. These are not considered definitive, as macrofossils older than
96-847: A nut called an acorn , borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; it includes some 500 species, both deciduous and evergreen . Fossil oaks date back to the Middle Eocene . Molecular phylogeny shows that the genus is divided into Old World and New World clades , but many oak species hybridise freely, making the genus's history difficult to resolve. Ecologically, oaks are keystone species in habitats from Mediterranean semi-desert to subtropical rainforest . They live in association with many kinds of fungi including truffles . Oaks support more than 950 species of caterpillar , many kinds of gall wasp which form distinctive galls , roundish woody lumps such as
128-411: A population of about 19,000 people. The Karst as a whole has exactly 100 settlements. The town of Sežana is the center of the region on the Slovene side of the border. The main rural centers are the settlements of Divača , Dutovlje , and Komen . Štanjel is a picturesque clustered settlement at the top of the northern rim of the plateau ; its houses are tightly clustered around Turn Hill, giving it
160-485: A range of flavours, colours, and aromas. The spongy bark of the cork oak is used to make traditional wine bottle corks. Almost a third of oak species are threatened with extinction due to climate change, invasive pests , and habitat loss . In culture, the oak tree is a symbol of strength and serves as the national tree of many countries. In Indo-European and related religions, the oak is associated with thunder gods . Individual oak trees of cultural significance include
192-508: A single oak tree produces both staminate ('male') flowers in the form of catkins , and small pistillate ('female') flowers, meaning that the trees are monoecious . The fruit is a nut called an acorn , borne in a cup-like structure known as a cupule ; each acorn usually contains one seed and takes 6–18 months to mature, depending on the species. The acorns and leaves contain tannic acid , which helps to guard against fungi and insects. There are some 500 extant species of oaks. Trees in
224-546: A small area of the west of Cuba ; in Mesoamerica it occurs mainly above 1000 metres. The genus crossed the isthmus of Panama when the northern and southern continents came together and is present as one species, Q. humboldtii , above 1000 metres in Colombia. The oaks of North America are of many sections ( Protobalanus , Lobatae , Ponticae , Quercus , and Virentes ) along with related genera such as Notholithocarpus . In
256-451: A village near Buzet , Istria County, Croatia Kras, Krk , a village near Dobrinj, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia Kraš , Croatian food company Kraš (surname) See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Kras Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Kras . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
288-452: Is from Old English ac (seen in placenames such as Acton , from ac + tun , "oak village" ), which in turn is from Proto-Germanic *aiks , "oak". Oaks are hardwood ( dicotyledonous ) trees, deciduous or evergreen, with spirally arranged leaves , often with lobate margins ; some have serrated leaves or entire leaves with smooth margins. Many deciduous species are marcescent , not dropping dead leaves until spring. In spring,
320-977: The Karst dialect is spoken. The Karst is renowned for its strong red wine , known as teran , prosciutto and its traditional cuisine, which is a mixture of Mediterranean and Central European cuisine. The traditionally produced Karst prosciutto , a sort of dry-cured ham , is protected at the European level . Prominent persons that were born or lived in this region include the poets Srečko Kosovel , Igo Gruden , Ciril Zlobec , and Branka Jurca , social activist Danilo Dolci , architect Max Fabiani , painters Avgust Černigoj and Lojze Spacal , writers Alojz Rebula , Igor Torkar , and Bogomir Magajna , theologian Anton Mahnič , politicians Drago Marušič , Josip Ferfolja , and Majda Širca , economist Milko Brezigar , and actress Ita Rina . The picturesque Karst landscape inspired numerous artists who were not from this region, including
352-573: The Lipizzan horse breed) and other tourist facilities. The vast majority of the inhabitants of the Karst Plateau are ethnic Slovenes . Traditionally, only the villages of San Martino del Carso and Poggio-Sdraussina (in the municipality of Sagrado ) has been inhabited by Friulian speakers, the villages of Polazzo (in the municipality of Fogliano-Redipuglia ), Vermegliano and Selz (in the municipality of Ronchi dei Legionari ) by Venetian speakers, and
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#1732858073837384-622: The Paleogene , and possibly from before the Eocene are mostly poorly preserved without critical features for certain identification. Amongst the oldest unequivocal records of Quercus are pollen from Austria, dating to the Paleocene -Eocene boundary, around 55 million years ago. The oldest records of Quercus in North America are from Oregon , dating to the Middle Eocene, around 44 million years ago, with
416-810: The Royal Oak in Britain, the Charter Oak in the United States, and the Guernica Oak in the Basque Country . The generic name Quercus is Latin for "oak", derived from Proto-Indo-European *kwerkwu- , "oak", which is also the origin of the name " fir ", another important or sacred tree in Indo-European culture. The word "cork", for the bark of the cork oak , similarly derives from Quercus . The common name "oak"
448-623: The Vipava Valley , the low hills surrounding the valley, the westernmost part of the Brkini Hills , northern Istria , and the Gulf of Trieste . The western edge of the plateau also marks the traditional ethnic border between Italians and Slovenes . The region gave its name to karst topography . For this reason, it is also referred to as the Classical Karst . The plateau rises quite steeply above
480-436: The oak apple , and a large number of pests and diseases. Oak leaves and acorns contain enough tannin to be toxic to cattle, but pigs are able to digest them safely. Oak timber is strong and hard, and has found many uses in construction and furniture-making. The bark was traditionally used for tanning leather . Wine barrels are made of oak; these are used for aging alcoholic beverages such as sherry and whisky , giving them
512-615: The Karst Rim, including the picturesque Rosandra Valley (also known as Glinščica). Because the Karst steeply descends towards the Adriatic Sea , it is less exposed to the beneficial climatological effects of the Mediterranean . In the past, the main vegetation on the plateau was oaks , but these were replaced by pine forests in the 19th and 20th centuries. Forests now cover only one third of
544-507: The Karst. Starting in the Middle Ages , the plateau suffered radical deforestation for economic reasons. Although it is often said that much of the wood for the closely spaced piles that support the island city of Venice came from this region, this is unlikely. Venice perhaps used the wood for naval timber. The most radical deforestation occurred in the first half of the nineteenth century due to clear-cutting by local farmers and conversion of
576-472: The Karst. This subregional identity is still documented in the late 17th century, but it weakened in the later period, replaced by an Inner Carniolan identity. 45°42′N 13°52′E / 45.700°N 13.867°E / 45.700; 13.867 Oak See also List of Quercus species . An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family . They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and
608-687: The Old World, oaks of section Quercus extend across the whole of Europe including European Russia apart from the far north, and north Africa (north of the Sahara) from Morocco to Libya. In Mediterranean Europe, they are joined by oaks of the sections Cerris and Ilex , which extend across Turkey, the Middle East, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan , while section Ponticae is endemic to the western Caucasus in Turkey and Georgia . Oaks of section Cyclobalanopsis extend in
640-538: The Province of Trieste, especially in the municipality of Duino . As a consequence, today an estimated one fifth of the population of the Karst Plateau is Italian speaking, while the rest is mostly Slovene speaking. The Slovenes in the region speak two closely related Slovene dialects , both belonging to the Littoral dialect group . In the southern part of the plateau (in the municipalities of Divača and Hrpelje-Kozina , and
672-465: The appearance of a medieval town. On the Italian side of the border, important settlements include Opicina , Duino , and Aurisina . Natural conditions, including the bora ( Slovene : burja ) wind, and the local way of life all shaped the elements of Karst architecture , creating simple but well-defined forms. One of the main tourist centers in the area is Lipica , with its stud farm (the home of
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#1732858073837704-404: The genus Quercus consisted of Old World and New World clades. The entire genome of Quercus robur (the pedunculate oak) has been sequenced , revealing an array of mutations that may underlie the evolution of longevity and disease resistance in oaks. In addition, hundreds of oak species have been compared (at RAD-seq loci), allowing a detailed phylogeny to be constructed. However,
736-625: The genus are often large and slow-growing; Q. alba can reach an age of 600 years, a diameter of 13 feet (4.0 m) and a height of 145 feet (44 m). The Granit oak in Bulgaria, a Q. robur specimen, has an estimated age of 1637 years, making it the oldest oak in Europe. The Wi'aaSal tree, a live oak in the reservation of the Pechanga Band of Indians , California, is at least 1000 years old, and might be as much as 2000 years old, which would make it
768-609: The land into pastures for goats and sheep. The Karst is famous for its caves . In Slovenia, they include Vilenica Cave (the oldest show cave in Europe), Lipica Cave , Divača Cave , Kačna Cave , Postojna Cave , and Škocjan Caves (a UNESCO World Heritage Site ), and Grotta Gigante in Italy (the largest show cave in the world). Most of the Karst is located in the Slovenian Littoral , covering an area of 429 square kilometres, with
800-510: The largest number of oak species, with approximately 160 species in Mexico, of which 109 are endemic, and about 90 in the United States. The second greatest area of oak diversity is China, with approximately 100 species. In the Americas, Quercus is widespread from Vancouver and Nova Scotia in the south of Canada, south to Mexico and across the whole of the eastern United States. It is present in
832-414: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kras&oldid=1176936418 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Karst Plateau It lies between
864-604: The neighboring landscape, except for its northeastern side, where the steepness is less pronounced. The plateau gradually descends from the southeast to the southwest. On average it lies 334 m above sea level. Its western edge, known as the Karst Rim ( Slovene : Kraški rob ), is a continuation of the Učka mountain range in eastern Istria , and rises to the east and southeast of Trieste , ending in steep cliffs between Aurisina and Duino . Many interesting geological phenomena occur along
896-547: The oldest oak in the US. Among the smallest oaks is Q. acuta , the Japanese evergreen oak. It forms a bush or small tree to a height of some 30 feet (9.1 m). The genus Quercus is native to the Northern Hemisphere and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cool temperate to tropical latitudes in the Americas , Asia, Europe, and North Africa. North America has
928-855: The oldest records in Asia from the Middle Eocene of Japan; both forms have affinities to the Cyclobalanopsis group. Quercus forms part, or rather two parts, of the Quercoideae subfamily of the Fagaceae , the beech family. Modern molecular phylogenetics suggests the following relationships: Fagus (beeches) Trigonobalanus (3 evergreen species) Lithocarpus (stone oaks) Chrysolepis (chinquapins) Quercus pro parte Notholithocarpus (tan oak) Quercus pro parte Castanopsis (also called chinquapins) Castanea (chestnuts) Molecular techniques for phylogenetic analysis show that
960-495: The poets Rainer Maria Rilke , Alojz Gradnik , and Edvard Kocbek , essayists Scipio Slataper and Marjan Rožanc , writers Italo Svevo , Fulvio Tomizza , and Susanna Tamaro , and film director Jan Cvitkovič . Many artists and authors settled in the area, including Josip Osti and Taras Kermauner . Municipalities that are completely or partially in the Karst include: Historically, the region around Pivka , Postojna and Ilirska Bistrica also used to be considered as part of
992-777: The southern part of the Municipality of Sežana , in the Italian municipality of Monrupino , and in most of the Slovene-speaking areas of the municipality of Trieste ), the Inner Carniolan dialect is spoken. In the northern part (the northern part of the Municipality of Sežana, in the Slovenian municipalities of Komen and Miren-Kostanjevica , in the Italian municipalities of Sgonico , Duino-Aurisina and Doberdò del Lago , as well in some eastern suburbs of Trieste , like Barcola ),
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1024-488: The town of Duino has been inhabited for long by a mixed population, while all the rest of the region was almost entirely Slovene-speaking from the Middle Ages until the end of World War I , after which some thousands Italians moved in the region while it was entirely under Italy's sovereignty, and again from the late 1940s and during the 1950s, when Istrian Italians fleeing from Yugoslavia were settled in Karst villages in
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