Misplaced Pages

#197802

19-642: Mueang Tra (or Kra ) was established during the Ayutthaya Kingdom as a fourth class city under Chumphon . The first governor was Mr. Kaew, a cousin of the governor of Nakhon Si Thammarat . Later he was promoted to be Phra Kaew Korop (พระแก้วโกรพ). Mueang Tra was set to be a frontier town of Ayutthaya. The old town center was in Tambon (subdistrict) Pak Chan. In 1884 Phra Atsadongkhotthitraksa (พระอัษฎงคตทิศรักษา) moved it to Tambon Nam Chuet as being better commercially and strategically. Mueang Tra faced attacks by

38-408: A central king or other leader. The more powerful mueang (generally designated as chiang , wiang , nakhon or krung – with Bangkok as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon ) occasionally tried to liberate themselves from their suzerain and could enjoy periods of relative independence. Mueang large and small often shifted allegiance , and frequently paid tribute to more than one powerful neighbor –

57-664: A municipal status equivalent to town ( thesaban mueang ). In standard Thai, the term for the country of Thailand is ประเทศไทย, rtgs: Prathet Thai. Mueang still forms part of the placenames of a few places, notably Don Mueang District , home to Don Mueang International Airport ; and in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription Mueang Phatthaya ( เมืองพัทยา ) for the self-governing municipality of Pattaya . Nakhon ( นคร ) as meaning "city" has been modified to thesaban nakhon ( เทศบาลนคร ), usually translated as " city municipality ". It still forms part of

76-566: Is colloquially known as Muang Lao , but for Lao people , the word conveys more than mere administrative district. The usage is of special historic interest for the Lao; in particular for their traditional socio-political and administrative organisation, and the formation of their early (power) states , described by later scholars as Mandala (Southeast Asian political model) . Provinces of Laos are now subdivided into what are commonly translated as districts of Laos , with some retaining Muang as part of

95-578: Is not directly attested by any surviving texts, but has been reconstructed using the comparative method . This term has Proto-Tai-tone A1 . All A1 words are rising tone in modern Thai and Lao, following rules determined for tone origin . Accordingly, the term is: Different linguistic tones give different meanings; scholarship has not established a link between this term and any of the terms which differ in tone. Mueang conveys many meanings, all having to do with administrative, social, political and religious orientation on wet-rice cultivation. The origin of

114-618: Is now Thailand , Laos , Burma , Cambodia , parts of northern Vietnam , southern Yunnan , western Guangxi and Assam . Mueang was originally a term in the Tai languages for a town having a defensive wall and a ruler with at least the Thai noble rank of khun ( ขุน ), together with its dependent villages. The mandala model of political organisation organised states in collective hierarchy such that smaller mueang were subordinate to more powerful neighboring ones, which in turn were subordinate to

133-638: Is the origin of Salapao Tub Lee , a Thai bun which is famous and has franchises spread all over the country. Mueang Mueang ( Ahom : 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫 ; Thai : เมือง mɯ̄ang , pronounced [mɯaŋ˧] listen ), Muang ( Lao : ເມືອງ mɯ́ang , pronounced [mɯaŋ˦] ; Tai Nuea : ᥛᥫᥒᥰ muang ), Mong ( Shan : မိူင်း mə́ŋ , pronounced [məŋ˦] ), Meng ( Chinese : 猛 or 勐 ) or Mường (Vietnamese) were pre-modern semi-independent city-states or principalities in mainland Southeast Asia , adjacent regions of Northeast India and Southern China , including what

152-449: The Burmese two times, in 1764 during the reign of King Ekkathat and in 1786 in the reign of King Rama I of Rattanakosin. During World War II Japanese troops set Tra as their western division location, and built a railway from Kra Buri via La-un to Mueang Ranong. Kra Buri was downgraded to a district of Ranong Province around 1896. Around this time, Prince Damrong noted that the area

171-664: The Tenasserim Range and the Kraburi River, about 65 km (40 mi) from Chumphon Province and 58 km (36 mi) from Mueang Ranong. The district is divided into seven sub-districts ( tambons ), which are further subdivided into 60 villages ( mubans ). Nam Chuet is a township ( thesaban tambon ) and covers parts of the tambon Nam Chuet. There are seven tambon administrative organizations (TAO) responsible for non-municipal areas. Ban Tub Lee in Mamu Subdistrict

190-511: The Yuan as imperial officials, in an arrangement generally known as the Tusi ("Native Chieftain") system. Ming and Qing -era dynasties gradually replaced native chieftains with non-native Chinese government officials. In the 19th century, Thailand's Chakri dynasty and Burma's colonial and subsequent military rulers did much the same with their lesser mueang, but, while the petty kingdoms are gone,

209-1075: The meaning of "town language," specifically in contrast to those of the many hill tribe peoples in the surrounding mountainous areas. Chiang (place name) Chiang ( Thai : เชียง ) is a Sino-Tai loanword, from Middle Chinese 城 d͡ʑiᴇŋ , meaning "fort, castle", by extension, “city”. Chiang is part of the names of certain ancient cities and other places located in an area stretching across Northern Thailand, Northern Laos, NE Burma and Southern China. The most important are: Chiang Mai Chiang Rai Chiang Khong Chiang Saen Chiang Rung or Chiang Hung, Jinghong in China Chiang Tung, Kengtung in Shan State, Burma Chiang Thong, Luang Prabang in Laos Chiang Kham District Chiang Khan District Chiang Dao District Chiang Khaeng

SECTION 10

#1732858109198

228-633: The most powerful of the period being Ming China . Following Kublai Khan 's defeat of the Dali Kingdom of the Bai people in 1253 and its establishment as a tutelary state, new mueang were founded widely throughout the Shan States and adjoining regions – though the common description of this as a "mass migration" is disputed. Following historical Chinese practice, tribal leaders principally in Yunnan were recognized by

247-406: The name of some places. Sung Noen District is noted for having been the site of two ancient cities: Mueang Sema and Khorakhapura. Pali púra became Sanskrit puri , hence Thai บุรี, บูรี , (buri) all connoting the same as Thai mueang : city with defensive wall. "Khorakhapura" was nicknamed "Nakhon Raj," which as a portmanteau with Sema, became Nakhon Ratchasima. Though dropped from

266-585: The name of this mueang, Sanskrit buri persists in the names of others. Müang Fai is a term reconstructed from Proto-Tai , the common ancestor of all Tai languages . In the Guangxi - Guizhou of Southern China region, the term described what was then a unique type of irrigation engineering for wet-rice cultivation . Müang meaning 'irrigation channel, ditch, canal' and Fai , 'dike, weir, dam.' together referred to gravitational irrigation systems for directing water from streams and rivers. The Proto-Tai language

285-451: The name: Thailand is colloquially known as Mueang Thai . After the Thesaphiban reforms of Prince Damrong Rajanubhab , city-states under Siam were organized into monthon ( มณฑล , Thai translation of mandala ), which was changed to changwat ( จังหวัด ) in 1916. Mueang still can be found as the term for the capital districts of the provinces ( amphoe mueang ), as well as for

304-562: The place names remain. Place names in Southwestern Tai languages In Khmer, "moeang" (មឿង) is a word borrowed from the Thai language meaning "small city" or "small town." Usually used as a place name for villages. The placename "mueang" is written in Chinese characters as 勐, 孟 ; měng , which is equivalent to Tai Nüa : ᥛᥫᥒᥰ and Tai Lü : ᦵᦙᦲᧂ , both of which are spoken in China . Laos

323-535: The same watershed area that insured a high degree of cooperation to create and maintain irrigation systems ( müang-faai ) – which probably was the primary reason for founding mueang . Kham Mueang ( Thai : คำเมือง ) is the modern spoken form of the old Northern Thai language that was the language of the kingdom of Lan Na (Million Fields). Central Thai may call northern Thai people and their language Thai Yuan . They call their language Kham Mueang in which Kham means language or word; mueang ; town, hence

342-753: The word mueang yet remains obscure. In October 2007, The National Library of Laos , in collaboration with the Berlin State Library and the University of Passau , started a project to produce the Digital Library of Lao Manuscripts. Papers presented at the Literary Heritage of Laos Conference, held in Vientiane in 2005, have also been made available. Many of the mss. illuminate the administrative, social, political, and religious demands put on communities in

361-517: Was full of Chinese workers who worked in the tin mine. Neighboring districts are (from the northeast clockwise) are: Tha Sae , Mueang Chumphon , and Sawi of Chumphon province ; La-un of Ranong Province. To the west is the Tanintharyi Division of Myanmar . The important water resource is the Kraburi River . Its long estuary is protected as a Ramsar wetland. Kra Buri lies between

#197802