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61-609: Kosala is the kingdom of Rama mentioned in the Ramayana . Ayodhya was its capital and is now located in Uttar Pradesh . Rama's sons Lava and Kusha inherited parts of this kingdom. Lava ruled from the city called Shravasti , and Kusa from the city called Kushavati . A colony of Kosala kings existed in Madhya Pradesh . It was called Dakshina Kosala . Rama's mother Kausalya was from this kingdom. Rama extended his influence up to

122-500: A ketana (flag-staff) in memory of his father, Phalgudeva. In this inscription he claimed himself as the sixth in descent from Pushyamitra Shunga . Dhanadeva issued both cast and die-struck coins and both the types have a bull on obverse. Other local rulers whose coins were found in Kosala include: a group of rulers whose name ends in "-mitra" is also known from their coins: Satyamitra, Aryamitra, Vijayamitra and Devamitra, sometimes called

183-624: A famine in Shravasti and the relief measures to be adopted by the officials. The Yuga Purana section of the Garga Samhita mentions about the Yavana ( Indo-Greek ) invasion and subsequent occupation of Saket during the reign of the last Maurya ruler Brihadratha or Pushyamitra Shunga . The names of a number of rulers of Kosala of the post-Maurya period are known from the square copper coins issued by them, mostly found at Ayodhya . The rulers, forming

244-522: A great Rishi. Krishna is also described to have married a princess of Kosala - Nagnajiti - who was the daughter of King Nagnajit of Ayodhya. Kosala Kosala , sometimes referred to as Uttara Kosala ( lit.   ' Northern Kosala ' ) was one of the Mahajanapadas of ancient India . It emerged as a small state during the Late Vedic period and became (along with Magadha ) one of

305-535: A long war with massive loss of lives on both sides. Details of this war were exaggerated by later Buddhist accounts, which claimed that Viḍūḍabha's invasion was in retaliation for having given in marriage to his father the slave girl who became Viḍūḍabha's mother, and that he exterminated the Sakyas. In actuality, Viḍūḍabha's invasion of Sakya might instead have had similar motivations to the Māgadhī king Ajātasattu 's conquest of

366-750: A particularly strong connection to the Buddha 's life. Buddha introduced himself to the king of Magadha in the Suttanipata as a Kosalan. In the Majjhima Nikāya too, king Prasenajit refers to Buddha as a Kosalan. He spent much of his time teaching in Śrāvastī , especially in the Jetavana monastery. According to Samuels, early Buddhism was not a protest against an already established Vedic-Brahmanical system, which developed in Kuru-Pancala realm, but an opposition against

427-760: A series of wars with neighbouring kingdoms, it was finally defeated and absorbed into the Magadha kingdom in the 5th century BCE. After the collapse of the Maurya Empire and before the expansion of the Kushan Empire , Kosala was ruled by the Deva dynasty , the Datta dynasty , and the Mitra dynasty . Kosala was bounded by the Gomti River in the west, Sarpika River in the south, Sadanira in

488-449: A single kingdom (often denoted as Kasi-Kosalas) during the time of Mahabharata. Then Satyavati and Bhishma and the Kosala princesses were all gratified with the presents Pandu made out of the acquisitions of his prowess. And Ambalika in particular, upon embracing her son of incomparable prowess, became very glad. Kosala king was present in this event ...the highly intelligent Vatsaraja,

549-500: Is that mighty mountain called Vindhya ; yon, the river Payasvini running seawards, and yonder are the asylums of the ascetics, furnished with various fruit and roots. This road leadeth to the country of the Vidarbhas —and that, to the country of the Kosalas . Beyond these roads to the south is the southern country. The ruler of the Vidarbhas , approaching Rituparna, said, ‘Welcome! What is

610-560: Is the window to this era. During the period of the forefathers of Raghava Rama , there was only one Kosala kingdom. It had its capital at Ayodhya , identified as the Ayodhya town in Ayodhya in Uttar Pradesh state of India. During the reign of Dasharatha , the father of Rama, Dakshina Kosala came into prominence. It was situated in the Madhya Pradesh state of India. Dasharatha married his eldest wife Kausalya from this kingdom. Raghava Rama 's son's Lava and Kusa, inherited each half of

671-539: The Deva dynasty , are: Muladeva, Vayudeva, Vishakhadeva, Dhanadeva , Naradatta, Jyesthadatta and Shivadatta. There is no way to know whether king Muladeva of the coins is identifiable with Muladeva, murderer of the Shunga ruler Vasumitra or not (though a historian, Jagannath has tried to do so). King Dhanadeva of the coins is identified with king Dhanadeva (1st century BCE) of Ayodhya inscription. In this Sanskrit inscription, King Kaushikiputra Dhanadeva mentions about setting

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732-1505: The Karushas , the Bhojas , the Sindhus , the Pulindakas , the Uttamas , the Dasharnas , the Mekalas , the Utkalas ; the Panchalas , the Kausijas , the Nikarprishthas , Dhurandharas ; the Sodhas, the Madrabhujingas , the Kasis , and the further-Kasis; the Jatharas , the Kukuras , the Kuntis , the Avantis , and the Apara- Kuntis ; the Gomantas , the Mandakas , the Shandas ,

793-584: The Kurukshetra War Then came Kritavarman at the head of his troops, and that mighty car-warrior, viz., the ruler of the Trigartas , and the king Duryodhana surrounded by his brothers, and Sala, and Bhurisravas, and Salya, and Vrihadratha, the ruler of the Kosalas . And Suvala's son Shakuni, and Salya, Jayadratha and the two princes of Avanti named Vinda and Anuvinda, and the Kekeya brothers , and Sudakshina

854-503: The Kāṇva school of Vedic traditions (and in turn the first Upanishad i.e, Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad ) was based in Kosala during the middle and late Vedic periods. Kosala had a significant presence of the muni tradition, which included Buddhists , Jains , Ajivikas , Naga, Yakṣa , and tree worshipers as well as Vedic munis. The muni tradition emphasized on "practicing yoga , meditation, renunciation and wandering mendicancy" as contrasted to

915-575: The Puranas and the Ramayana epic, Ayodhya was the capital of Kosala during the reign of Ikshvaku and his descendants . Shravasti is recorded as the capital of Kosala during the Mahajanapada period (6th–5th centuries BCE), but post-Maurya (2nd–1st centuries BCE) kings issued their coins from Ayodhya. Kosala belonged to the Northern Black Polished Ware culture (c. 700–300 BCE), which

976-523: The Vajjika League because he was the son of a Vajjika princess and was therefore interested in the territory of his mother's homeland. The result of the Kauśalya invasion was that the Sakyas and Koliyas were absorbed into Viḍūḍabha's kingdom. The massive life losses incurred by Kosala during its conquest of Sakya weakened it significantly enough that it was itself was soon annexed by its eastern neighbour,

1037-435: The ṛṣis who "recited prayers, conducted homa , and led a householder lifestyle". According to Samuel, there is "extensive iconographical evidence for a religion of fertility and auspiciousness". According to Hopkins, the region was marked by a ...world of female powers, natural transformation, sacred earth and sacred places, blood sacrifices, and ritualists who accepted pollution on behalf of their community. Kosala had

1098-465: The "Late Mitra dynasty of Kosala". Other rulers known from their coins are: Kumudasena, Ajavarman and Sanghamitra. Kunti kingdom Kunti , the mother of Pandavas and the first wife of Kuru king Pandu , was the adopted daughter of Kuntibhoja. Her given name was Pritha and she was a sister of Vasudeva , the father of Vasudeva Krishna . The Kunti kingdom was neighbour to the Avanti kingdom . It

1159-739: The Gandaki, the Sadanira (Karatoya), and the Sarkaravarta and the other rivers taking their rise in the same mountains. They then crossed the delightful Sarayu and saw the country of Eastern Kosala . Passing over that country they went to Mithila and then crossing the Mala and Charamanvati , the three heroes crossed the Ganges and the Sone and went on towards the east. At last those heroes of unfaded glory arrived at Magadha in

1220-503: The Ikshvaku dynasty from Ikshvaku to Prasenajit (Pali: Pasenadi ). According to the Ramayana, Rama ruled the Kosala kingdom from his capital, Ayodhya . Koshala's first capital of Shravasti was barely settled by the 6th century BCE, but there is the beginnings of a mud fort. By 500 BCE, Vedic people had spread to Koshala. By the 5th century BCE under the reign of King Mahakosala,

1281-454: The Kauśalya and the Licchavikas. Bandhula was later treacherously murdered along with his sons by Pasenadi. In retaliation, some Mallakas helped Pasenadi's son Viḍūḍabha usurp the throne of Kosala to avenge the death of Bandhula, after which Pasenadi fled from Kosala and died in front of the gates of the Māgadhī capital of Rājagaha . At some point during his reign, Viḍūḍabha fully annexed

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1342-430: The Kosala kingdom, with Ayodhya as its capital. Thus, this Kosala split into two parts; one ruled by Lava, with capital at Shravasti , to the north of Ayodhya and the other by Kusa at Kusavati, believed to be towards the east of Ayodhya . The Indian epic Mahabharata is the window to this era. During the time of Kurukshetra War , and the reign of Pandavas and Kauravas , we find mention of numerous kingdoms with

1403-599: The Kosalas, then, thus deprived of his car, took up a sword and wished to sever from Abhimanyu's trunk his beautiful head, decked with ear-rings. Abhimanyu then pierced king Vrihadvala, the ruler of the Kosalas, in the chest, with a strong arrow. The latter then, with riven heart, fell down. Beholding this, ten thousand illustrious kings broke and fled. Those kings, armed with swords and bows, fled away, uttering words inimical (to king Duryodhana's Interest). Having slain Vrihadvala thus,

1464-614: The Kālāmas. That the Kālāmas did not request a share of the Buddha's relics after his death was possibly because they had lost their independence by then. Shortly after the Buddha's death, the Viḍūḍabha invaded the Sakya and Koliya republics, seeking to conquer their territories because they had once been part of Kosala. Viḍūḍabha finally triumphed over the Sakyas and Koliyas and annexed their state after

1525-761: The Mukuttas, and the Kulindas, along with the Kuntis . And the king of the Salwayana tribe with their brethren and followers; and the southern Panchalas and the eastern Kosalas have all fled to the country of the Kuntis. So also the Matsyas and the Sannyastapadas, overcome with fear, leaving their dominions in the north, have fled into the southern country. And so all the Panchalas , alarmed at

1586-516: The city of Lakshmanapura near river Ganges which is now known as Lucknow and his descendants named as Pratihara . He colonized the Vanga kingdom and founded the city of Chandrakanta there. Rama's youngest brother Satrughna destroyed the forest of a demon named Madhu and founded the city of Mathura which later became the capital of the Surasena Kingdom . Nishadha king Nala 's friend Rituparna

1647-579: The country of Gopalakaksha and the northern Kosalas and also the king of Mallas. Sahadeva , vanquishing the invincible Bhishmaka, then defeated in battle the king of Kosala and the ruler of the territories lying on the banks of the Venwa, as also the Kantarakas and the kings of the eastern Kosalas . These many roads lead to the southern country, passing by (the city of) Avanti and the Rikshavat mountains. This

1708-546: The earliest states to transition from a lineage-based society to a monarchy . By the 6th century BCE , it had consolidated into one of the four great powers of ancient northern India, along with Magadha , Vatsa , and Avanti . Kosala belonged to the Northern Black Polished Ware culture (c. 700–300 BCE) and was culturally distinct from the Painted Grey Ware culture of the neighboring Kuru - Panchala region, following independent development toward urbanisation and

1769-563: The early Vedic literature , but appears as a region in the later Vedic texts of the Shatapatha Brahmana (7th-6th centuries BCE, final version 300 BCE ) and the Kalpasutras (6th-century BCE). In the Ramayana , Mahabharata and the Puranas the ruling family of the Kosala kingdom was the Ikshvaku dynasty , which was descended from king Ikshvaku . The Puranas give lists of kings of

1830-584: The east which separated it from Videha , and the Nepal Hills in the north. It encompassed the territories of the Shakyans , Mallakas , Koliyas , Kālāmas and Moriyas at its peak. It roughly corresponds to modern-day Awadh region in India. The Kosala region had three major cities, Ayodhya , Saketa and Shravasti , and a number of minor towns as Setavya, Ukattha, Dandakappa, Nalakapana and Pankadha. According to

1891-514: The growing influence of this Vedic-Brahmanical system, and the superior position granted to Brahmins in it. Mahavira , the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism taught in Kosala. A Buddhist text, the Majjhima Nikaya mentions Buddha as a Kosalan, which indicates that Kosala may have subjugated the Shakya clan, which the Buddha is traditionally believed to have belonged to. Kosala is not mentioned in

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1952-402: The heart of (the country of) Kushamva. Reaching then the hills of Goratha, they saw the city of Magadha. Bhima then vanquished king Srenimat of the country of Kumara, and then Vrihadvala, the king of Kosala . Then the foremost of the sons of Pandu , by performing feats excelling in fierceness, defeated the virtuous and mighty king Dirghayaghna of Ayodhya . And the exalted one then subjugated

2013-513: The island-kingdom of Lanka situated in the Indian Ocean . He had friendly relations with the southern kingdom of Kishkindha . Rama's brother Bharata , colonized the Gandhara kingdom and founded the city of Takshasila and his descendants named as Gaud kshatriya . Gandhara lied close to Kekeya Kingdom , the native kingdom of Bharata's mother, Kaikeyi . Rama's second brother Lakshmana founded

2074-451: The king Bhima was struck with astonishment, and reflected upon the (probable) cause of Rituparna's coming, having passed over a hundred yojanas. Sojourning next to the tirtha called Rishabha in Kosala and fasting there for three nights one earneth the merit of the Vajapeya sacrifice, and of the gift of a thousand kine, and also delivereth his race. Arriving at ' Kosala , a man should bathe in

2135-758: The king of Kosala , Shishupala and the powerful Jarasandha, these and many other great kings—all Kshatriyas celebrated throughout the world—have come, O blessed one (Panchali), for thee. The eighteen tribes of the Bhojas, from fear of ( Magadha King) Jarasandha, have all fled towards the west; so also have the Surasenas , the Bhadrakas, the Vodhas, the Salwas , the Patachchavas, the Susthalas,

2196-421: The kingdom of Magadha , and Viḍūḍabha was defeated and killed by the Māgadhī king Ajātasattu . Under the reign of Mahapadma Nanda of Magadha, Koshala rebelled but the rebellion was put down. It is assumed that during the Mauryan reign , Kosala was administratively under the viceroy at Kaushambi . The Sohgaura copper plate inscription , probably issued during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya deals with

2257-433: The kingdom of the Kurus, are, many countries beautiful and abounding in corn, such as Panchala, Chedi, Matsya, Surasena, Pattachchara, Dasarna, Navarashtra, Malla, Salva, Yugandhara, Saurashtra, Avanti, and the spacious -Rashtra (kingdom). From the extract below, it seems there were two kingdoms with the name Kunti, one Kunti proper and the other Apara Kunti, which means a Kunti kingdom farther away. .......the Chedis ,

2318-407: The name, Kosala (as per the references in Mahabharata ). Raghava Rama's Kosala (Kosala proper) was already split into two, owing to his two sons attaining kingship after his reign. During the era of Kurukshetra War it was split into five kingdoms. This was, probably the kingdom ruled by Kusa, with Kusavati as its capital. (see MBh 2.14, Mbh 2.21, referred below). They were described as fleeing to

2379-442: The neighboring Kingdom of Kashi had been conquered. Mahakosala's daughter was the first wife of King Bimbisara of Magadha. As a dowry, Bimbisara received a Kashi village that had a revenue of 100,000. This marriage temporarily eased tensions between Koshala and Magadha. By the time of Mahākosala's son Pasenadi, Kosala had become the suzerain of the Kālāma tribal republic, and Pasenadi's realm maintained friendly relations with

2440-416: The occasion of this thy visit?’ And king Bhima asked this without knowing that Rituparna had come to obtain the hand of his daughter. And king Rituparna, saw that there were no other kings or princes. Nor did he hear any talk relating to the Swayamvara , nor saw any concourse of Brahmanas. And at this, the king of Kosala reflected a while and at length said, ‘I have come here to pay my respects to thee.’ And

2501-415: The power of Jarasandha, have left their own kingdom and fled in all directions. The following was a route taken by Krishna , Arjuna and Bhima to reach Magadha kingdom . It passes through the eastern Kosala kingdom. Having set out from the country of the Kurus, they passed through Kuru-janapada and arrived at the charming lake of lotuses. Passing over the hills of Kalakuta, they then went on crossing

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2562-456: The powerful Licchavi tribe which lived to the east of his kingdom. During Pasenadi's reign, a Mallaka named Bandhula who had received education in Takṣaśilā, had offered his services as a general to the Kauśalya king so as to maintain the good relations between the Mallakas and Kosala. Later, Bandhula, along with his wife Mallikā, violated the Abhiseka-Pokkharaṇī sacred tank of the Licchavikas , which resulted in armed hostilities between

2623-469: The princess of Videha to Kosala and seated on thy ancestral throne as the ruler of the entire Earth! They only that are fortunate will behold thy face, like unto the moon emerged from the clouds, after thy coronation bath in water sanctified with Kusa grass and fried paddy and black peas!’ And the intelligent Lakshmana uttered those and other lamentations in the same strain. That descendant of Raghu, who ruleth at Kosala and whose renown hath spread over

2684-402: The ruler of Kosala cut off the standard and overthrew the charioteer of Subhadra's son. The son of Subhadra then upon the overthrow of his charioteer, was filled with wrath and pierced Vrihadvala The ruler of the Kosala struck Abhimanyu , in the chest with a barbed arrow. Abhimanyu, however, quickly felled on the earth his antagonist's steeds and standard and bow and charioteer. The ruler of

2745-544: The ruler of the Kamvojas and Srutayudha the ruler of the Kalingas , and king Jayatsena, and Vrihadvala the ruler of the Kosalas , and Kritavarman of Satwata's race,--these ten tigers among men, stood each at the head of an Akshauhini of troops. These and many other kings and princes, mighty car-warriors conversant with policy, obedient to the commands of Duryodhana , all cased in mail, were seen stationed in their respective divisions. The mighty bowman Abhimanyu battled with Vrihadvala. Soon, however, in that encounter, O king,

2806-413: The sea-coast, repairing to the countries of the Bangas , the Pundras , and the Kosalas . In those realms Dhananjaya (Arjuna), with his bow Gandiva, vanquished innumerable Mlechecha armies one after another That best of steeds then proceeded to the realms of the Kasis , the Angas , the Kosalas , the Kiratas , and the Tanganas. Mention of a Janaka king of Videha , with a wife from Kosala There

2867-541: The son of Subhadra careered it battle. It was on that sacred region, the northern part of Kosala , that the sacrifice of high-souled Auddalaka was performed. Before Auddalaka began his sacrifice, he had thought of the Sarasvati River . That foremost of rivers came to that region for the sake of those Rishis. Worshipped by all those Munis clad in barks and deer-skins she became known by the name of Manorama, as those Rishis mentally called her. The sacrificial horse then, equipped with beautiful manes, proceeded at his will along

2928-515: The southern Panchalas and the eastern Kosalas have all fled to the country of the Kuntis. So also the Matsyas and the Sannyastapadas, overcome with fear, leaving their dominions in the north, have fled into the southern country. And so all the Panchalas, alarmed at the power of Jarasandha , have left their own kingdom and fled in all directions. Pandavas thought about selecting one among these kingdoms to spend their 13th year of exile in anonymity, forced upon them by Duryodhana . Surrounding

2989-417: The southern country of Kuntis due to Magadha king Jarasandha . The route was taken by Bhima , Arjuna and Krishna from Kuru Kingdom to Magadha Kingdom was through this Eastern Kosala. This was, probably the kingdom ruled by Lava with Sravasti as its capital. (see MBh 2.29 referred below). This kingdom was defeated by the Pandava general Bhima , in his military campaign to the east. Vriahadvala

3050-629: The southern direction. (MBh. 2.30) This kingdom was close to the Vidarbha Kingdom ruled by Bhishmaka, probably to the east of it. Sahadeva defeated this kingdom first and moved to the Eastern Kosala. (MBh. 2.30) After defeating the other Kosala kingdom Sahadeva defeated numerous kings in the Eastern Kosala, indicating that there were many kingdoms, and not one, however collectively known as Eastern Kosalas. (MBh. 2.30) The mothers of Dhritarashtra and Pandu , viz Ambika and Ambalika, were described to be Kosala princesses. They were some times described as princesses from Kasi kingdom , Kasi and Kosala being

3111-482: The tirtha named Kala. Having conquered the eastern quarter Karna then presented himself before Batsa-bhumi . And having taken Batsa-bhumi, he reduced Kevali, and Mrittikavati, and Mohana and Patrana, and Tripura, and Kosala ,--and compelled all these to pay tribute. Behold my plight! The loss of thy kingdom, and then the death of our father, and then the abduction of Sita , and finally this disaster that hath overwhelmed me! Alas, I shall not behold thee return with

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3172-419: The use of iron . The presence of the lineage of Ikshvaku —described as a raja in the Ṛgveda and an ancient hero in the Atharvaveda —to which Rama , Mahavira , and the Buddha are all thought to have belonged—characterized the Kosalan realm. One of India's two great epics , Ramayana is set in the "Kosala- Videha " realm in which the Kosalan prince Rama marries the Videhan princess Sita . After

3233-457: The use of iron. Kosala was situated at the crossroads of Vedic heartland of Kuru - Panchala and Greater Magadhan culture. According to Alexander Wynne, Kosala- Videha culture was at the center of unorthodox Vedic traditions, ascetic and speculative traditions, possibly reaching back to the late Ṛgveda . Kosala-Videha culture is thought to be the home of the Śukla school of the Yajurveda . According to Michael Witzel and Joel Brenton,

3294-424: The whole world, sayeth unto thee these words suited to the occasion. Accept thou that message and act according to it. Bhishma rates the battle skills of every king who were to take part in the Kurukshetra War Endued with great impetus and prowess, king Vrihadvala, the ruler of the Kosalas , is, in my judgment, equal to one Ratha (a grade of battle-skill). King Vrihadvala of Kosala, supported Duryodhana in

3355-425: Was a Kosala king mentioned as a general under Duryodhana , in the Kurukshetra War . (MBh. 5.277, 5.198). This kingdom was defeated by the Pandava general Bhima , in his military campaign to the east. (MBh 2.29). It seems that this Kosala had its power extended to the neighbouring kingdom of Kasi to the south of it, because Vrihadvala sometimes commanded the troops from Kasi also in Kurukshetra War . This probably

3416-399: Was a king of Kosala possessed of great intelligence, named Vasumanas. It hath been heard by us that once on a time the sage Kalakavrikshiya came to Kshemadarsin who had ascended the throne of the kingdom of Kosala . Saudasa , the king of Kosala , though dignified by the performance of Ashwamedha and other sacrifices, obtained the status of a man-eating Rakshasa , through the curse of

3477-463: Was a ruler of Kosala. Brihadbala another ruler of Kosala during Dvapara Yuga , took part in Mahabharata war and was killed by Abhimanyu , the son of Arjuna . An 1880 reference described Uttara Kosala was one of the five main divisions of the kingdom of Rama in prehistoric Awadh ; the region was described as corresponding to the modern trans- Ghaghra districts including Bahraich , Gonda , Basti and Gorakhpur . The Indian epic Ramayana

3538-412: Was defeated by the Pandava general Bhima , in his military campaign to the east. (MBh 2.29). The native kingdom of Raghava Rama's mother Kausalya , considered as Dakshina Kosala kingdom split at least into two during the era of Kurukshetra War . This became evident if we follow the passage in Mahabharata , describing the military campaign of the Pandava general Sahadeva , who led his troops to

3599-464: Was preceded by the Black and red ware culture (c. 1450–1200 BCE until c. 700–500 BCE). The Central Gangetic Plain was the earliest area for rice cultivation in South Asia, and entered the Iron Age around 700 BCE. According to Geoffrey Samuel, following Tim Hopkins, the Central Gangetic Plain was culturally distinct from the Painted Grey Ware culture of the Vedic Aryans of Kuru-Pancala west of it, and saw an independent development toward urbanisation and

3660-441: Was probably to the north of Avanti. Jarasandha was a powerful Ancient Indian king who ruled Magadha . The eighteen tribes of the Bhojas , from fear of Jarasandha , have all fled towards the west; so also have the Surasenas , the Bhadrakas, the Vodhas, the Salwas , the Patachchavas, the Susthalas, the Mukuttas, and the Kulindas, along with the Kuntis. And the king of the Salwayana tribe with their brethren and followers; and

3721-425: Was the reason to consider Kasi-Kosala as a single kingdom. For a period of time in the past, Kasi would have been a vassal state of Kosala kingdom. The grandmothers of Kauravas and Pandavas were called sometimes as princesses of Kasi and some times as princesses of Kosala, attesting to this fact. This was the original Kosala ruled by king Raghava Rama . This was ruled by Dirghayaghna, during this era. This kingdom

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