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42-462: Korvatunturi stands 486 metres (1,594 ft) above sea level; it has three peaks, with the middle peak crossing Finland and Russia's borders. Since Korvatunturi straddles the border of the country, all visitors are required to obtain written permission from the Finnish Border Guard . There are also no roads that directly lead to the fell, but there are hike trails that provide access, such as

84-462: A Chinese military product manufacturer. In the United States, the federal 1033 program allows for police departments, including riot police units, to request military equipment for circumstances that have arrived or that may arrive in the future. Because of this program, police militarization has expanded across each state allowing state riot police to receive military style gear similar to that of

126-590: A budget of 60 million euro, a letter has been sent to around 20 suppliers. Candidates include the Airbus C295 MSA , ATR 42 and ATR 72 , and the Bombardier Challenger 650. In April 2022, the budget of the Dornier 228 MVX replacement program was increased to 163 million euros, along with other defence spending boosts in wake of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . The Challenger 650 Rapcon-X will feature

168-434: A new era of Venezuelan riot police gear with military vehicles that included features like tear gas launchers and water cannons . The military vehicles were used as perimeter defense lines to contain the protests, and provide the riot police with enough power to inhibit the advancing violence. These military vehicles used by riot police around the world are commonly sourced from military product companies including Norinco ,

210-482: A potentially lethal and dangerous situation. In the George Floyd protests of 2020, riot police used pepper spray, police projectiles, tear gas, among other riot gear resulting in numerous protestor injuries. When police escalate the use of force and arrests are made, studies have shown that the results often create more violence. The use of force, sometimes deadly force, is the point of interest for many protests around

252-517: A synthetic aperture radar, electro-optic and infrared camera systems, and other sensors. The MVX programme has received a total of 14 different offers. During the selection process the types were reduced, and consists currently of three jet-powered aircraft: Used: New: The final candidates for the complete package are: After the Finnish Civil War in 1919, the control of the Finnish borders

294-664: Is a separate Finnish Customs agency, and immigration is also handled by the Finnish National Police and the Finnish Directorate of Immigration. PTR (police, customs and border guard) co-operation is well-developed and allows the authorities to conduct each other's duties if necessary. Main duties of the Finnish Border Guard: For the discharge of its duties, the Border Guard has limited police powers in

336-651: Is based in Turku . The Border Guard operates: The Finnish Border Guard operates by several types of vehicles on soil. The list of operative vehicles: Officers carry on a daily basis: Light weapons: Heavy weapons: The Border Guard operates 14 aircraft, including 12 helicopters. The AB 412s are to be replaced by new twin-engined helicopters, while the Super Pumas and Dornier 228s are being modernized. The Border Guard has announced that due to increasing problems with Dornier 228's, they are to be replaced by new aircraft. With

378-618: Is decided on by the presiding government. In Poland, for example, riot police are used in a variety of different ways including but not limited to: The United States has a long history of riot police being used in public events. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war protests resulted in many instances of large protests across the country. In some cases, these protests would involve clashes between protestors and riot police. The riot police, at this time, did not have as advanced gear and technology, which forced

420-484: Is traditionally high. Employment in Border Guard is much sought for, especially in North and Eastern Finland, which suffer from chronic unemployment problems. Typically a vacancy in the Border Guard receives at least 50 applications. Riot police Riot police are police who are organized, deployed, trained or equipped to confront crowds , protests or riots . Riot police may be regular police officers who act in

462-713: The Continuation War , the Frontier Guard companies were combined into 12 Border Jäger battalions ( Rajajääkäripataljoona ) and later during the Lapland War into a Border Jäger Brigade ( Rajajääkäriprikaati ). The rank insignia of commissioned officers . The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel . After the Second World War, the Border Guards were placed on all Finnish borders. In

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504-663: The Finnish Defence Forces and its strength increased with reservists who have served their conscription in the branch. The mobilized strength of the Finnish Border Guard is 12,600 servicemen. The Finland–Russia border is actively monitored. The western sea borders and the western and northern land borders to Sweden and Norway are free to cross under the Nordic passport union , the Border Guard does however maintain personnel in these regions owing to its SAR duties. There

546-707: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police . The Border Guard of Finland is one of the links of the chain of protectors of the external borders of the European Union and Schengen agreement . Nearly every Border Guard District trains small number of conscripts for long range reconnaissance (Finnish: Sissi ). Conscripts in Border Guard companies are mostly volunteers and preferably selected from the occupants of border areas, and while trained by Border Guard, they do not perform regular border control duties. Rivalry between Sissi from Border Guards and Defence Forces

588-726: The Special Weapons and Tactics teams. The police departments that received 1033 program funding are primarily smaller police departments. Riot gear became the key tools for police forces to combat large demonstrations, including political and economic protests and labor demonstrations, that sought change without the explicit consent of the presiding government. Riot police are tasked with police operations that require advanced tactics and equipment to control crowds and maintain public order. These duties may differ between riot police organizations in different countries, but they are often similar in that they are tasked with maintaining order that

630-655: The Winter War there were nine Border Companies ( Rajakomppania ) on the Karelian Isthmus . North of Lake Ladoga the Frontier Guards were combined into six Detached Battalions ( Erillinen pataljoona ). Further north in Petsamo the defence was left to the 10th Detached Company ( 10. Erillinen komppania ). After the war marshal Mannerheim awarded all frontier guards the title "Border jäger " ( Rajajääkäri ). During

672-592: The World Trade Organization protests in Seattle disrupted the negotiated management tactics by riot police. The WTO protests went on for days with continuous clashes between protestors and police with tear gas , concussion grenades and riot shields. In August 2014, Michael Brown, an unarmed African-American eighteen-year-old, was shot and killed by police in Ferguson, Missouri. Protests began immediately following

714-431: The "Smash ASEM" demonstration in 2006. However, the main duty of the readiness platoons is to handle the most demanding border security incidents. Border Guard helicopters have also been used to assist police and rescue authorities in various missions. The Border Guard also has the power to keep public order in its own facilities and in their immediate vicinity. For the execution of its military exercises, any officer with

756-706: The 1900s and into the 2000s, riot gear technology has advanced with the help of the militarization of riot police organizations. Some riot gear technology, including tear gas , was originally created for its use in the military, specifically the First World War. In the United States in 1969, it was recorded that the riot police had extensive militarized gear including bulletproof vests, multiple-purpose grenades, water cannons , helicopters, batons , radio communication, barbed wire, police shields, and riot vehicles. In 2017, economic and political protests in Venezuela brought upon

798-471: The 1950s, the Sea Guard was attached to the Border Guard. Since then, the Border Guard has received a fine public image. It is famed for the wilderness skills of its guards foot-patrolling the forest-covered Russian border, its good efficiency in catching the few illegal border crossers and for the fact that it is the only state authority in large parts of Lapland. In these matters it resembles the popular image of

840-637: The Gulf of Finland and West Finland coast guard districts, Air Patrol Squadron and Border and Coast Guard Academy . The Border Guards have two readiness units; the 1st Special Intervention Unit, which operates in South-Eastern Finland, and the 5th Special Intervention Unit, who operates in the Gulf of Finland area. The basic training of border guard personnel is based in Imatra , while the sea training for coast guards

882-664: The Missouri Governor's call for National Guard assistance until the protests continuously diminished. In 2016, protests by groups of indigenous people, including the Standing Rock Sioux tribe, protested the building of the 1,200 mile Dakota Access Pipeline in North Dakota. Large groups of protestors blockaded the construction zones for the pipeline, which prohibited the ability for the DAPL to further expand. Private security were

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924-426: The United States. The recent trend in police militarization across the globe, especially the United States, has brought upon direct criticism from police abolitionist groups. Police abolitionist movements have called for the defunding and replacement of police forces in favor of social programs that support quality of life in people, thus reducing the need for people to commit crimes. Riot police are considered under

966-411: The areas where it operates. It can, for example, seize and arrest persons and conduct searches in apartments and cars pursuant to same legislation as the police, when investigating a crime. However, the power to arrest a person has been delegated only to the commanding officers of border control detachments and commanders and vice-commanders of larger units. The Border Guard is not supposed to be used for

1008-537: The construction sites. In 2018 and 2019, France experienced massive protests known as the Yellow Vest Protests . The Yellow Vest Protests were primarily in response to rising costs of living, low wages, and vast inequality between higher and lower economic classes. These protests were immediately met with the French riot police. In some areas of Paris, including Place d'Italie, protestors became violent in response to

1050-1071: The film Rare Exports: A Christmas Tale . Finnish Border Guard The Finnish Border Guard ( FBG , Finnish : Rajavartiolaitos, RVL ; Swedish : Gränsbevakningsväsendet, GBV ) is the agency responsible for enforcing the security of Finland 's borders. It is a military organisation, subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior in administrative issues and to the president of Finland in issues pertaining to his authority as Commander-in-Chief (e.g. officer promotions). The agency has police and investigative powers in immigration matters and can independently investigate immigration violations. The Finnish Coast Guard has search and rescue (SAR) duties, both maritime and inland. Missions inland are often carried out in co-operation with local fire and rescue departments or other authorities. The Finnish Border Guard consists of 3,800 active duty personnel. Upon mobilization, it would be wholly or partly incorporated into

1092-498: The first to respond, which escalated the protests and created violent clashes between private security personnel and protestors. Following a federal judge's order to allow construction to continue, riot police arrived on the scene. The riot police arrived with armored military vehicles, helmets, face protectors, kevlar vests , shields, and other standard riot gear. Water cannons , pepper spray , and non-lethal weapons were used to disperse protestors and destroy protestor encampments on

1134-493: The keeping of public order under normal circumstances, but it has two readiness platoons that can be used to support the Police in exceptional situations in matters of crowd control and internal security (including incidents involving dangerous armed criminals). The readiness platoons have been used to supplement riot police during high-profile international events where there is a perceived danger of violent demonstrations, e.g. during

1176-496: The minimum rank of Captain can close an area temporarily. The Border Guard is responsible for enforcing the 3–5 km (1.9–3.1 mi) border zone towards Russia and issues the permits to visit the zone. Administrative units are responsible for the functions of the Border Guard. These administrative units are the Border Guard Headquarters, Southeast Finland, North Karelia, Kainuu and Lapland border guard districts,

1218-541: The more stressful jobs in law enforcement. Riot police are frequently placed on the front lines of violent protests and riots, possibly putting each individual police officer's health and safety at risk. Studies, in recent years, have shown a correlation between higher stress levels among police officers leading to lower quality of life ratings. In 2018, a Turkish study, researching the quality of life in riot police, found that riot police are significantly affected by negative mental health. The research found that roughly 50% of

1260-649: The one found in the Savukoski area. Korvatunturi is best known as the home of the legendary character Father Christmas (or Joulupukki in Finnish, Julgubben in Finland Swedish). According to Finnish folklore, this land is said to be the location of Father Christmas’ secret workshop, where toys, trinkets and gifts are said to be made and eventually wrapped by elves . Known for their good-natured demeanour and their role as guardians of homes, these elves are also said to be responsible for analysing weather patterns for

1302-540: The other hand, 37% of Cypriot riot police believe that "citizens file complaints against the police for no reason". Riot police in the United States, France, and many other places, have experienced a rise in protests against the police. These protests have been met by riot police with the controversial use of specific militarized riot gear. In the Dakota Access Pipeline protests in North Dakota, riot police used water cannons during freezing temperatures which caused

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1344-647: The police categorization for replacement because of the instances of brutality on protestors in mass protests such as the Ferguson Protests . In Cyprus, riot police have come under fire recently for hiding their identities when performing police duties such as crowd control. Cypriot law enforcement has been using helmets and gear to cover their faces and badges in order to remain anonymous when dealing with protests and crowds. Citizens of Cyprus believe that riot police hiding their identities allows them to avoid repercussions for actions they may take during their work. On

1386-486: The police presence. These protestors vandalized private businesses, including banks, and setting fire to police barricades. The riot police responded with standard riot police gear including tear gas , riot batons , and riot shields . In 2023, French police shot and killed a 17-year-old, leading to national protests that required the use of riot police. President Macron , and the French government , repeatedly called to quell

1428-402: The protests, disorderly. The riot police utilized riot gear including rifles, riot shields, tear gas, non-lethal weapons, and armored vehicles. After the police officer that shot and killed Michael Brown was identified to the public, the protests reignited with more riot police in helmets, face protectors, gas masks , riot batons, shields, and kevlar vests . The riot place were later supported by

1470-435: The protests. Some Paris suburbs experienced damaged buildings and burning cars on the streets. Throughout France, upwards of 40,000 police officers were dispatched, many of them fitted in riot gear. French riot police used tear gas , riot batons , and riot shields in an attempt to slow down the protests. Approximately 170 police officers were injured during the protests. The riot police occupation has been considered one of

1512-526: The reports his death. The Ferguson Police Department enlisted help from the St. Louis County Police Department to contain the ongoing unrest from the crowd of protestors. The St. Louis County Police Department enacted the county's Code 1000 plan, enabling the department to receive direct assistance from nearby police departments. Riot police from multiple police departments combined in response. For multiple days, these protests were both peaceful and, in some locations of

1554-505: The riot police examined showed clear signs of both anxiety and depression. Furthermore, levels of anger among riot police were high, which was shown in combination with anxiety and depression to lower the quality of life for these officers. It is hypothesized in the research that the lower quality of life indicators could result in more aggressive action by riot police. The research concluded with an argument for developing programs to minimize negative mental health factors in riot police including

1596-525: The riot police to have significant face-to-face violent clashes resulting in injuries and deaths of both protestors and police. The 1980s brought in a new era of riot police that intended to use less face-to-face clashes by using more militarized gear and negotiated management. The use of negotiated management sought to improve the riot police's ability to communicate verbally among police and protestors in an attempt to lower violence, increase periods of calm, and improve public views of protest policing. In 1999,

1638-994: The role of riot police in particular situations, or they may be separate units organized within or in parallel to regular police forces. Riot police are used in a variety of different situations and purposes. They may be employed to control riots as their name suggests, to disperse or control crowds , to maintain public order or discourage criminality , or to protect people or property. The militarization of modern police has brought militaristic riot gear and new technologies that allow for their duties to expand above normal police duties. Riot police often use special equipment called riot gear to help protect themselves and for offensive use in riot control. Riot gear typically includes personal armor , batons , riot shields , and riot helmets . Many riot police teams also deploy specialized non-lethal weapons, such as: pepper spray , tear gas , riot guns , rubber bullets , stun grenades , water cannons , and Long Range Acoustic Devices . Through

1680-719: The use of regular mental health screenings. Historically, riot police have been criticized by labor unions and organized strikes. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, labor unions and picketers were subjected to harsh police crackdowns that involved bouts of police brutality to squash the labor movements. Labor historians have argued that riot police became a strong wing of the government in protecting capital. Industrialization brought in more aggressive police response to labor protests to force workers to abandon their efforts. The ramping up of riot police violence in deterring labor organization caused radicalization and politicization among workers and worker organizations throughout much of Canada and

1722-406: The yearly gift-giving trip around the world. People have also claimed that the ear-shaped structure of the fell allows Father Christmas to hear the wishes of every child on Earth. For letters to Father Christmas, Korvatunturi has the postal code 99999 Korvatunturi . Mail sent to this address is delivered to Santa Claus Village at Rovaniemi . In popular media, this legend has been adapted into

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1764-557: Was given to the former Finnish Russian frontier troops under the command of the Ministry of Interior. Until 1945, only the Russian border was supervised by the Frontier Guard, the Swedish and Norwegian borders having only customs control. In 1929, a separate Sea Guard was founded to prevent the rampant alcohol smuggling caused by the Finnish prohibition of alcohol (1919–1932). At the start of

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