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44-539: Kittery Point is a census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Kittery , York County , Maine , United States. First settled in 1623, Kittery Point traces its history to the first seafarers who colonized the shore of what became Massachusetts Bay Colony and later the State of Maine. Located beside the Atlantic Ocean , it is home to Fort McClary State Historic Site, and Fort Foster Park on Gerrish Island. Cutts Island

88-829: A palisade with the blockhouse at one corner, and possibly a second tower at the opposite corner. Many historical stone blockhouses have survived, and a few timber ones have been restored at historical sites. In New Zealand, the Cameron Blockhouse , near Whanganui , is one of the few blockhouses to survive from the New Zealand Wars . During the Second Boer War the British forces built a large number of fortifications in South Africa . Around 441 were solid masonry blockhouses, many of which stand today. Different designs were used in

132-424: A CDP name "be one that is recognized and used in daily communication by the residents of the community" (not "a name developed solely for planning or other purposes") and recommend that a CDP's boundaries be mapped based on the geographic extent associated with inhabitants' regular use of the named place. There is no provision, however, that this name recognition be unanimous for all residents, or that all residents use

176-501: A few had semi-circular or rectangular platforms. Surviving redoubts with blockhouses include Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq Redoubt and Briconet Redoubt , both of which have a pentagonal plan. A few of the redoubts consisted of a single tower-like blockhouse without a platform, and were known as tour-reduits . Of the four tour-reduits that were built, only the Vendôme Tower survives today. Originally blockhouses were often constructed as part of

220-464: A household in the CDP was $ 47,500, and the median income for a family was $ 53,839. Males had a median income of $ 40,417 versus $ 29,808 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 30,119. About 4.7% of families and 5.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.0% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over. DinoSquad is an American animated television series that

264-525: A large plan, to "block" access to vital points in the scheme. But from the Age of Exploration to the nineteenth century standard patterns of blockhouses were constructed for defence in frontier areas, particularly South Africa , New Zealand , Canada , and the United States . Blockhouses may be made of masonry where available, but were commonly made from very heavy timbers , sometimes even logs arranged in

308-589: A modern blockhouse and a bunker is that a bunker is constructed mostly below ground level while a blockhouse is constructed mostly above ground level. Some blockhouses like those constructed in England in 1940 were built in anticipation of a German invasion ; they were often hexagonal in shape and were called " pillboxes ". About 28,000 pillboxes and other hardened field fortifications were constructed, of which about 6,500 still survive. The Admiralty Citadel in London

352-455: A population of at least 10,000. For the 1970 Census , the population threshold for "unincorporated places" in urbanized areas was reduced to 5,000. For the 1980 Census , the designation was changed to "census designated places" and the designation was made available for places inside urbanized areas in New England. For the 1990 Census , the population threshold for CDPs in urbanized areas

396-469: A prominent merchant adventurer and cousin of Sir Ferdinando Gorges , the prime mover behind settlement north of the Massachusetts Bay Colony . Nicholas Shapleigh built the first house in the area, and Edward Godfrey established a trading post in 1632. Early professions included fishermen , hunters and trappers . Others harvested the region's abundant timber , which was shipped to England or

440-527: Is a Portsmouth Harbor defense called Fort McClary , built opposite Fort Constitution in New Castle, New Hampshire . It is today Fort McClary State Historic Site and features a blockhouse dating from 1844. In 1969, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Fort Foster, a later coastal defense, was built by the federal government on 92 acres (370,000 m) at Gerrish Island. Now owned by

484-416: Is a small fortification , usually consisting of one or more rooms with loopholes , allowing its defenders to fire in various directions. It is usually an isolated fort in the form of a single building, serving as a defensive strong point against any enemy that does not possess siege equipment or, in modern times, artillery , air force or cruise missiles . A fortification intended to resist these weapons

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528-598: Is home to Seapoint Beach and the Brave Boat Harbor Division of the Rachel Carson National Wildlife Refuge . Kittery Point is part of the Portland – South Portland – Biddeford , Maine Metropolitan Statistical Area . The population was 1,012 at the 2010 census . Settled as early as 1623, the southern part of Kittery was once called Champernowne's after Sir Francis Champernowne,

572-538: Is land and 1.7 square kilometres (0.66 sq mi) (25.83%) is water. Kittery Point is bounded by Spruce Creek , the Piscataqua River , the Atlantic Ocean and Brave Boat Harbor. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,135 people, 538 households, and 322 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 230.6 people/km (597 people/sq mi). There were 594 housing units at an average density of 120.7 units/km (313 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of

616-412: Is more likely to qualify as a fortress or a redoubt , or in modern times, be an underground bunker . However, a blockhouse may also refer to a room within a larger fortification, usually a battery or redoubt. The term blockhouse is of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Middle Dutch blokhus and 18th-century French blocus (blockade). Blockhouses existed in ancient Greece, for example

660-651: Is one of the sturdiest above-ground structures built during World War II. It was constructed in 1940–1941 as a bomb-proof operations centre for the Admiralty , with foundations nine metres deep and a concrete roof six metres thick. It too was intended to serve as a strongpoint in defending against the feared invasion. In Berlin and other cities during World War II some massive blockhouses were built as air-raid shelters and anti-aircraft artillery platforms. They were called Hochbunker (literally, "high bunkers"; better translated as "above ground bunkers", to distinguish them from

704-643: The 1890 Census , in which the Census mixed unincorporated places with incorporated places in its products with "town" or "village" as its label. This made it confusing to determine which of the "towns" were or were not incorporated. The 1900 through 1930 Censuses did not report data for unincorporated places. For the 1940 Census , the Census Bureau compiled a separate report of unofficial, unincorporated communities of 500 or more people. The Census Bureau officially defined this category as "unincorporated places" in

748-455: The 1950 Census and used that term through the 1970 Census. For the 1950 Census, these types of places were identified only outside " urbanized areas ". In 1960 , the Census Bureau also identified unincorporated places inside urbanized areas (except in New England , whose political geography is based on the New England town , and is distinctly different from other areas of the U.S.), but with

792-630: The Thames Estuary , the Solent , and Plymouth . Often sited in pairs, the blockhouses were not built to a common design, but usually consisted of a stone tower and bastion or gun platform, which could be semi-circular, rectangular or irregular in shape. The last blockhouse of this type was Cromwell's Castle , built in Scilly in 1651. Blockhouses were an ubiquitous feature in Malta 's coastal fortifications built in

836-765: The West Indies . The town of Kittery was incorporated in 1652 when Maine became part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Pepperrells were a distinguished Kittery Point family who established fisheries to supply the London market. William Pepperrell Sr. had arrived from Devonshire as a lowly fisherman's apprentice at the Isles of Shoals in New Hampshire . He went on to build a mercantile empire, which his son Sir William Pepperrell inherited and expanded. Sir William became

880-553: The 18th century by the Order of St. John . Between 1714 and 1716, dozens of batteries and redoubts were built around the coasts of the Maltese Islands, while a few others were built in the subsequent decades. Almost every battery and redoubt had a blockhouse, which served as gun crew accommodation and a place to store munitions. Many of the batteries consisted of a semi-circular or polygonal gun platform, with one or two blockhouses at

924-464: The CDP is named, plus surrounding inhabited countryside of varying dimensions and, occasionally, other, smaller unincorporated communities as well. CDPs include small rural communities, edge cities , colonias located along the Mexico–United States border , and unincorporated resort and retirement communities and their environs. The boundaries of any CDP may change from decade to decade, and

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968-539: The CDP was 97.44% White , 0.97% African American , 0.18% Native American , 0.53% Asian , 0.09% from other races , and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.53% of the population. There were 538 households, out of which 19.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.4% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who

1012-405: The Census Bureau considers some towns in New England states, New Jersey and New York as well as townships in some other states as MCDs, even though they are incorporated municipalities in those states. In such states, CDPs may be defined within such towns or spanning the boundaries of multiple towns. There are a number of reasons for the CDP designation: Blockhouse A blockhouse

1056-478: The Census Bureau may de-establish a CDP after a period of study, then re-establish it some decades later. Most unincorporated areas within the United States are not and have not been included in any CDP. The boundaries of a CDP have no legal status and may not always correspond with the local understanding of the area or community with the same name. However, criteria established for the 2010 census require that

1100-543: The Sparhawk Mansion at Kittery Point as a gift to his daughter on her marriage to Nathaniel Sparhawk in 1750. Crowned with an elegant cupola , the house contained finely carved panelling in its 19 rooms. Sadly, over two centuries later, in 1967 the Sparhawk Mansion was demolished, just as preservation efforts in the area were emerging. More fortunate is the John Bray House , built by a shipwright in 1662 and considered

1144-484: The boundaries for CDPs. The PSAP was to be offered to county and municipal planning agencies during 2008. The boundaries of such places may be defined in cooperation with local or tribal officials, but are not fixed, and do not affect the status of local government or incorporation; the territories thus defined are strictly statistical entities. CDP boundaries may change from one census to the next to reflect changes in settlement patterns. Further, as statistical entities,

1188-419: The boundaries of the CDP may not correspond with local understanding of the area with the same name. Recognized communities may be divided into two or more CDPs while on the other hand, two or more communities may be combined into one CDP. A CDP may also cover the unincorporated part of a named community, where the rest lies within an incorporated place. By defining an area as a CDP, that locality then appears in

1232-439: The ceiling, with a bench lining the walls inside for defenders to stand on, so that attackers could not easily reach the loopholes. Blockhouses were normally entered via a sturdy, barred door at ground level. Most blockhouses were roughly square in plan , but some of the more elaborate ones were hexagonal or octagonal , to provide better all-around fire. In some cases, blockhouses became the basis for complete forts, by building

1276-588: The community for which the CDP is named for services provided therein. There is no mandatory correlation between CDP names or boundaries and those established for other human purposes, such as post office names or zones, political precincts, or school districts. The Census Bureau states that census-designated places are not considered incorporated places and that it includes only census-designated places in its city population list for Hawaii because that state has no incorporated cities. In addition, census city lists from 2007 included Arlington County, Virginia 's CDP in

1320-572: The construction of these blockhouses, but most were either two or three story structures built using locally quarried stone. However the vast scale of British strategy led the British to develop cheaper, double-skinned corrugated iron structures. These could be prefabricated, delivered to site by armoured train, and then have locally sourced rocks or rubble packed inside the double skin to provide improved protection. A circular design developed by Major Rice in February 1901 had good all round visibility, and

1364-422: The cost to build a blockhouse dropped down to £16, compared to several hundred pounds for masonry ones. These blockhouses played a vital role in the protection of the railway lines and bridges that were key to the British military supply lines. During World War I and World War II , many types of blockhouses were built, when time allowed usually constructed of reinforced concrete . The major difference between

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1408-566: The first baronet in New England for commanding a militia which defeated the French in 1745 at the Siege of Louisbourg . His gambrel mansion of 1733 remains a landmark at Pepperrell Cove on the Piscataqua River . In 1760, his widow built the Lady Pepperrell House , a noted Georgian building formerly owned by Historic New England . Pepperrell himself built an elaborate wooden house called

1452-449: The lack of corners did away with the need for a substructure. Failure due to wood rot and splintering when hit by bullets or shrapnel were eliminated. The steel door to the blockhouse was sheltered by another piece of corrugated iron. The Major Rice blockhouse could be erected in six hours by six trained men. With the change from square gabled roofs to a circular design, they were given the nickname "Pepperpot blockhouse". With mass production

1496-543: The list with the incorporated places, but since 2010, only the Urban Honolulu CDP, Hawaii, representing the historic core of Honolulu, Hawaii , is shown in the city and town estimates. The Census Bureau reported data for some unincorporated places as early as the first census in 1790 (for example, Louisville, Kentucky , which was not legally incorporated in Kentucky until 1828), though usage continued to develop through

1540-471: The manner of a log cabin . They were usually two or even three floors , with all storeys being provided with embrasures or loopholes, and the uppermost storey would be roofed. If the structure was of timber, usually the upper storey would project outward from the lower so the upper storey defenders could fire on enemies attacking the lower storey, or perhaps pour water on any fires. When the structure had only one storey, its loopholes were often placed close to

1584-562: The oldest surviving house in Maine. Recently threatened with redevelopment because of its desirable view of Pepperrell Cove and Portsmouth Harbor , the building has instead been restored . Some speculate that the Bray House was the birthplace of the mother of Sir William Pepperrell, whose father William Pepperrell Sr. married John Bray's daughter Margery, but it is more likely that she was born in England. On land once owned by Sir William Pepperrell

1628-581: The one near Mycenae . Early blockhouses were designed solely to protect a particular area by the use of artillery, and they had accommodation only for the short-term use of the garrison. The first known example is the Cow Tower, Norwich , built in 1398, which was of brick and had three storeys with the upper storeys pierced for six guns each. The major period of construction was in the maritime defence programmes of Henry VIII between 1539 and 1545. They were built to protect important maritime approaches such as

1672-411: The rear. The blockhouses usually had musketry loopholes, and in some cases were linked together by redans . Surviving batteries include Mistra Battery and Ferretti Battery , which both have two blockhouses, and Saint Mary's Battery and Saint Anthony's Battery , which have a single blockhouse. Many of the redoubts consisted of a pentagonal platform with a rectangular blockhouse at the rear, although

1716-457: The same category of census data as incorporated places. This distinguishes CDPs from other census classifications, such as minor civil divisions (MCDs), which are in a separate category. The population and demographics of the CDP are included in the data of county subdivisions containing the CDP. Generally, a CDP shall not be defined within the boundaries of what the Census Bureau regards to be an incorporated city, village or borough. However,

1760-583: The town of Kittery, Fort Foster Park provides superb views of Portsmouth Harbor, Whaleback Lighthouse and the Isles of Shoals , part of which belongs to Kittery. Near Seapoint Beach in the mid-20th century, the Newcomen Society built a cluster of Tudor cottages at what was then its summer retreat. According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 2.6 square miles (6.7 km), of which 1.9 square miles (4.9 km)

1804-511: The usual deep i.e. underground air raid shelters) and those that functioned as anti-aircraft artillery platforms were also called Flak towers . Some were over six stories high; several survive to this day because of the high cost of demolition. The Hochbunker Pallasstraße  [ de ] in Berlin- Schöneberg has a post-war block of flats built over it. During the Cold War the shelter

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1848-448: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.64. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 16.3% under the age of 18, 3.4% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 32.5% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.9 males. The median income for

1892-682: Was produced by DIC Entertainment (Now DHX Media ) and aired on the KEWLopolis block on CBS from November 3, 2007, to September 12, 2009. Dino Squad is set in Kittery Point, Maine. Census-designated place CDPs have been used in each decennial census since 1980 as the counterparts of incorporated places , such as self-governing cities , towns , and villages , for the purposes of gathering and correlating statistical data. CDPs are populated areas that generally include one officially designated but currently unincorporated community, for which

1936-477: Was reduced to 2,500. From 1950 through 1990, the Census Bureau specified other population requirements for unincorporated places or CDPs in Alaska , Puerto Rico , island areas, and Native American reservations . Minimum population criteria for CDPs were dropped with the 2000 Census . The Census Bureau's Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP) allows designated participants to review and suggest modifications to

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