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55-543: Kibbutz Kfar Masaryk , a group formed in Petah Tikva in 1932 and originally known as "Czecho-Lita", as its members came from Czechoslovakia and Lithuania , moved to Bat Galim in 1933 and then to the sand dunes of Kiryat Haim, west of the railway. The kibbutz raised vegetables and opened a dairy farm. At this point it adopted a new name: Mishmar Zevulun (Guardian of Zevulun Valley ). Kiryat Haim has been named after Haim Arlosoroff . It has been developed autonomously as

110-714: A Greek colony in the town, which he named Antioch after himself. About 165   BC Judas Maccabeus defeated the Seleucids in several battles in Galilee , and drove them into Ptolemais. About 153   BC Alexander Balas , son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, contesting the Seleucid crown with Demetrius , seized the city, which opened its gates to him. Demetrius offered many bribes to the Maccabees to obtain Jewish support against his rival, including

165-527: A few poor cottages. The khan was named Khan al-Ilfranj after its French founders. During Ottoman rule, Acre continued to play an important role in the region via smaller autonomous sheikhdoms. Towards the end of the 18th century Acre revived under the rule of Zahir al-Umar , the Arab ruler of the Galilee, who made the city capital of his autonomous sheikhdom . Zahir rebuilt Acre's fortifications, using materials from

220-592: A field hospital, which became the nucleus of the chivalric Teutonic Order . Upon the Sixth Crusade , the city was placed under the administration of the Knights Hospitaller military order. Acre continued to prosper as major commercial hub of the eastern Mediterranean, but also underwent turbulent times due to the bitter infighting among the Crusader factions that occasionally resulted in civil wars. The old part of

275-404: A fixed tax-rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, cotton, goats, and beehives, water buffaloes, in addition to occasional revenues and market toll, a total of 20,500 Akçe . Half of the revenue went to a Waqf . English academic Henry Maundrell in 1697 found it a ruin, save for a khan ( caravanserai ) built and occupied by French merchants for their use, a mosque and

330-577: A great many other towns, they were variously distinguished. The Syrians called it "Antioch in Ptolemais" ( Ἀντιόχεια τῆς ἐν Πτολεμαΐδι , Antiókheia tês en Ptolemaΐdi ). Under Claudius, it was also briefly known as Germanicia in Ptolemais ( Γερμανίκεια τῆς ἐν Πτολεμαΐδι , Germaníkeia tês en Ptolemaΐdi ). As a Roman colony , it was notionally refounded and renamed Colonia Claudii Caesaris Ptolemais or Colonia Claudia Felix Ptolemais Garmanica Stabilis after its imperial sponsor Claudius ; it

385-401: A number of public housing projects located at edge of the neighbourhood. In later decades, some of this has been replaced by higher-density developments and apartment buildings. Kiryat Haim East hosts the commercial "heart" of the suburb, with a number of shops, restaurants and a supermarket located along Achi Eilat Street, the suburb's main thoroughfare. As part of its coastal development plan,

440-522: A revival to the town of Acre, and it served as the main port of Palestine through the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates that followed, and through Crusader rule into the 13th century. The first Umayyad caliph, Muawiyah I (r. 661–680), regarded the coastal towns of the Levant as strategically important. Thus, he strengthened Acre's fortifications and settled Persians from other parts of Muslim Syria to inhabit

495-505: A staging point for both Cestius 's and Vespasian 's campaigns to suppress the revolt in Judaea . The city was a center of Romanization in the region, but most of the population was made of local Phoenicians and Jews: as a consequence after the Hadrian times the descendants of the initial Roman colonists no longer spoke Latin and had become fully assimilated in less than two centuries (however

550-580: Is a city in the coastal plain region of the Northern District of Israel . The city occupies a strategic location, sitting in a natural harbour at the extremity of Haifa Bay on the coast of the Mediterranean 's Levantine Sea . Aside from coastal trading, it was an important waypoint on the region's coastal road and the road cutting inland along the Jezreel Valley . The first settlement during

605-654: Is a kibbutz in northern Israel . Located in Western Galilee near the Belus River and south of Acre , it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council . In 2022, it had a population of 902. The founders were Jewish immigrants from Czechoslovakia and Lithuania , who settled in Petah Tikva in 1932. The following year they formed Kibbutz Czecho-Lita and moved to Bat Galim in Haifa . In 1934, they moved to an area of sand dunes near Kiryat Haim and changed

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660-588: Is a clear destruction layer in the ruins, probably dating to the 7th century BC. Acre served as a major port of the Persian Empire , with Strabo noting its importance in campaigns against the Egyptians. According to Strabo and Diodurus Siculus , Cambyses II attacked Egypt after massing a huge army on the plains near the city of Acre. The Persians expanded the town westward and probably improved its harbor and defenses. In December 2018, archaeologists digging at

715-561: Is also mentioned in letters from Byblos (EA 085), Gath (EA 366), and Megiddo (EA 245). Acre continued as a Phoenician city and was referenced as a Phoenician city by the Assyrians . Josephus , however, claimed it as a province of the Kingdom of Israel under Solomon . Around 725   BC, Acre joined Sidon and Tyre in a revolt against the Neo-Assyrian emperor Shalmaneser V . There

770-673: The Crusades as a maritime foothold on the Mediterranean coast of the southern Levant and was the site of several battles, including the 1189–1191 Siege of Acre and 1291 Siege of Acre . It was the last stronghold of the Crusaders in the Holy Land prior to that final battle in 1291. At the end of Crusader rule, the city was destroyed by the Mamluks , thereafter existing as a modest fishing village until

825-535: The Early Bronze Age was abandoned after a few centuries but a large town was established during the Middle Bronze Age . Continuously inhabited since then, it is among the oldest continuously inhabited settlements on Earth . It has, however, been subject to conquest and destruction several times and survived as little more than a large village for centuries at a time. Acre was a hugely important city during

880-600: The "spacious" port was still in use and the city was full of artisans. Throughout the Mamluk era (1260–1517), Acre was succeeded by Safed as the principal city of its province. Incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, it appeared in the census of 1596, located in the Nahiya of Acca of the Liwa of Safad . The population was 81 households and 15 bachelors, all Muslim. They paid

935-669: The Achaemenids out of the Levant. After Alexander 's death, his main generals divided his empire among themselves. At first, the Egyptian Ptolemies held the land around Acre. Ptolemy   II renamed the city Ptolemais in his own and his father's honour in the 260s   BC. Antiochus III conquered the town for the Syrian Seleucids in 200   BC. In the late 170s or early 160s   BC, Antiochus   IV founded

990-652: The Haifa Economic Corporation built the Kiryat Haim Promenade, named for Israeli minister of the environment Yehudit Naot . Kiryat Haim absorbed large numbers of immigrants from the former Soviet Union who arrived in the 1990s. The suburb also has a large population of Ethiopian Israelis . Thomas D'Alesandro Stadium , sometimes referred to simply as Kiryat Haim Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Kiryat Haim used mainly for football matches. It

1045-451: The army's advance to Jerusalem. This demonstrates that even from the beginning, Acre was an important link between the Crusaders and their advance into the Levant. Its function was to provide Crusaders with a foothold in the region and access to vibrant trade that made them prosperous, especially giving them access to the Asiatic spice trade. By the 1130s it had a population of around 25,000 and

1100-460: The brethren, and abode with them one day". During the rule of the emperor Claudius there was a building drive in Ptolemais and veterans of the legions settled here. The city was one of four colonies (with Berytus , Aelia Capitolina and Caesarea Maritima ) created in the ancient Levant by Roman emperors for Roman veterans. During the Great Jewish Revolt (66–73 CE), Acre functioned as

1155-452: The city, where the port and fortified city were located, protrudes from the coastline, exposing both sides of the narrow piece of land to the sea. This could maximize its efficiency as a port, and the narrow entrance to this protrusion served as a natural and easy defense to the city. Both the archaeological record and Crusader texts emphasize Acre's strategic importance—a city in which it was crucial to pass through, control, and, as evidenced by

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1210-408: The city. From Acre, which became one of the region's most important dockyards along with Tyre , Mu'awiyah launched an attack against Byzantine-held Cyprus . The Byzantines assaulted the coastal cities in 669, prompting Mu'awiyah to assemble and send shipbuilders and carpenters to Acre. The city would continue to serve as the principal naval base of Jund al-Urdunn ("Military District of Jordan") until

1265-787: The defeat of the Byzantine army of Heraclius by the Rashidun army of Khalid ibn al-Walid in the Battle of Yarmouk , and the capitulation of the Christian city of Jerusalem to the Caliph Umar , Acre came under the rule of the Rashidun Caliphate beginning in 638. According to the early Muslim chronicler al-Baladhuri , the actual conquest of Acre was led by Shurahbil ibn Hasana , and it likely surrendered without resistance. The Arab conquest brought

1320-413: The early Fatimid Caliphate in 985, describing it as a fortified coastal city with a large mosque possessing a substantial olive grove. Fortifications had been previously built by the autonomous Emir Ibn Tulun of Egypt, who annexed the city in the 870s, and provided relative safety for merchant ships arriving at the city's port. When Persian traveller Nasir Khusraw visited Acre in 1047, he noted that

1375-458: The fleets of kingdoms and empires contesting the area, serving as the main port for the entire southern Levant up to the modern era. The ancient town was located atop Tel ʿAkkō (Hebrew) or Tell al-Fuḫḫār (Arabic), 1.5 km (0.93 mi) east of the present city and 800 m (2,600 ft) north of the Na'aman River . In antiquity, however, it formed an easily protected peninsula directly beside

1430-697: The former mouth of the Na'aman or Belus. The earliest discovered settlement dates to around 3000   BC during the Early Bronze Age, but appears to have been abandoned after a few centuries, possibly because of inundation of its surrounding farmland by the Mediterranean . Acre was resettled as an urban centre during the Middle Bronze Age ( c.  2000 –1550   BC) and has been continuously inhabited since then. Egyptian execration texts record one 18th-century ruler as Tūra-ʿAmmu (Tꜣʿmw). Further to

1485-537: The king of Acre, whom he accuses of treason for releasing the captured Hapiru king Labaya of Shechem instead of delivering him to Egypt. Excavations of Tel ʿAkkō have shown that this period of Acre involved industrial production of pottery, metal, and other trade goods. In Amarna Letter EA 232 , Surata ( su₂-ra-ta) is the Man of Akka (LU₂ ak-ka). The letter is sent to the King of Egypt, and it contains Canaanite glosses. Surata

1540-689: The language being used: Saint John of Acre (in English), San Juan de Acre (in Spanish ), Sant Joan d'Acre (in Catalan ), San Giovanni d'Acri (in Italian ), etc. Acre lies at the northern end of a wide bay with Mount Carmel at the south. It is the best natural roadstead on the southern Phoenician coast and has easy access to the Valley of Jezreel . It was settled early and has always been important for

1595-465: The large Jama Masjid was built of marble , located in the centre of the city and just south of it lay the "tomb of the Prophet Salih ." Khusraw provided a description of the city's size, which roughly translated as having a length of 1.24 kilometres (0.77 miles) and a width of 300 metres (984 feet). This figure indicates that Acre at that time was larger than its current Old City area, most of which

1650-647: The local society's customs were Roman). The Christian Acts of the Apostles describes Luke the Evangelist , Paul the Apostle and their companions spending a day in Ptolemais with their Christian brethren. An important Roman colony ( colonia ) was established at the city that greatly increased the control of the region by the Romans over the next century with Roman colonists translated there from Italy . The Romans enlarged

1705-526: The massive walls, protect. Acre was the final major stronghold of the Crusader states when much of the Levantine coastline was conquered by Mamluk forces. Acre itself fell to Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil in 1291 . Acre, having been isolated and largely abandoned by Europe, was conquered by Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Khalil in a bloody siege in 1291 . In line with Mamluk policy regarding the coastal cities (to prevent their future utilization by Crusader forces), Acre

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1760-576: The mid-14th century   BC. On its native currency, Acre's name was written ʿK ( Phoenician : 𐤏𐤊 ). It appears in Assyrian and once in Biblical Hebrew . Acre was known to the Greeks as Ákē ( Ancient Greek : Ἄκη ), a homonym for a Greek word meaning "cure". Greek legend then offered a folk etymology that Hercules had found curative herbs at the site after one of his many fights. This name

1815-528: The name of the group to "Mishmar Zevulun" (Guard of the Zevulun). In 1937 they were joined by a group of Polish Jewish immigrants who were members of Hayotzer . Despite opposition from the Jewish Agency , who reasoned that the sandy soil could not support agriculture, Mishmar Zevulun was established on 29 November 1938 as the 29th tower and stockade settlement. In 1940 the kibbutz moved to its present site and

1870-621: The north was the important MBA site of Tel Kabri dominating the Akko plain. Acre was listed as "Aak" among the conquests of the Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III . In the Amarna Period ( c.  1350 BC), there was turmoil in Egypt's Levantine provinces. The Amarna Archive contains letters concerning the ruler(s) of Acco. In one, King Biridiya of Megiddo complains to Amenhotep III or Akhenaten of

1925-559: The port and the city grew to more than 20,000 inhabitants in the second century under emperor Hadrian . Ptolemais greatly flourished for two more centuries. After the permanent division of the Roman Empire in 395 AD, Ptolemais was administered by the successor state, the Byzantine Empire . The city started to lose importance and in the seventh century was reduced to a small settlement of less than one thousand inhabitants. Following

1980-498: The refugees ( olim khadashim ) temporary camp, and then - as a separate town. In 1950 it has been appended to Haifa as its district. Administratively, Kiryat Haim is divided into two parts, Kiryat Haim West and Kiryat Haim East. Kiryat Haim West is located on the western side of the railway line between that and Kiryat Haim beach. Kiryat Haim East was expanded to later and is located on the eastern side of railway. The housing initially consisted of low-density single-family housing, with

2035-462: The reign of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (723–743), who moved the bulk of the shipyards north to Tyre. Nonetheless, Acre remained militarily significant through the early Abbasid period, with Caliph al-Mutawakkil issuing an order to make Acre into a major naval base in 861, equipping the city with battleships and combat troops. During the 10th century, Acre was still part of Jund al-Urdunn. Local Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi visited Acre during

2090-688: The revenues of Ptolemais for the benefit of the Temple in Jerusalem , but in vain. Jonathan Apphus threw in his lot with Alexander; Alexander and Demetrius met in battle and the latter was killed. In 150   BC Alexander received Jonathan with great honour in Ptolemais. Some years later, however, Tryphon, an officer of the Seleucid Empire , who had grown suspicious of the Maccabees, enticed Jonathan into Ptolemais and there treacherously took him prisoner. The city

2145-481: The rule of Zahir al-Umar in the 18th century. In 1947, Acre formed part of Mandatory Palestine and had a population of 13,560, of whom 10,930 were Muslim and 2,490 were Christian. As a result of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine and subsequent 1948 Arab–Israeli war , the population of the town dramatically changed as its Palestinian-Arab population was expelled or forced to flee; it

2200-464: The site of Tell Keisan in Acre unearthed the remains of a Persian military outpost that might have played a role in the successful 525 BC Achaemenid invasion of Egypt. The city's industrial production continued into the late Persian era, with particularly expanded iron works. The Persian-period fortifications at Tell Keisan were later heavily damaged during Alexander's fourth-century BC campaign to drive

2255-765: The western half of Kiryat Haim from the Krayot Central Bus Station in the north of Kiryat Motzkin to Hutzot HaMifratz , and route 26 that travels between Kiryat Ata and Kiryat Haim beach. At night, Kiryat Haim is served by night bus 210, which runs a meandering route through the Krayot with terminuses in Kiryat Ata and Kiryat Bialik . 32°50′N 35°4′E  /  32.833°N 35.067°E  / 32.833; 35.067 Kfar Masaryk Kfar Masaryk ( / ˈ m æ s ə r ɪ k / , Hebrew : כְּפַר מַסָּרִיק , lit.   'Masaryk Village')

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2310-751: Was Latinized as Ace . Josephus 's histories also transcribed the city into Greek as Akre . The city appears in the Babylonian Talmud with the Jewish Babylonian Aramaic name תלבוש ‎ Talbush of uncertain etymology. Under the Diadochi , the Ptolemaic Kingdom renamed the city Ptolemaïs ( Koinē Greek : Πτολεμαΐς , Ptolemaΐs ) and the Seleucid Empire Antioch ( Ἀντιόχεια , Antiókheia ). As both names were shared by

2365-728: Was an important port city. It minted its own coins, and its harbor was one of the main gates to the land. Through this port the Roman Legions came by ship to crush the Jewish revolt in 67AD. It also served was used as connections to the other ports (for example, Caesarea and Jaffa)....The port of Acre (Ptolemais) was a station on Paul's naval travel, as described in Acts of the Gospels (21, 6-7): "And when we had taken our leave one of another, we took ship; and they returned home again. And when we had finished our course from Tyre, we came to Ptolemais, and saluted

2420-552: Was built between the 18th and 19th centuries. After four years, the siege of Acre was successfully completed in 1104, with the city capitulating to the forces of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem following the First Crusade . The Crusaders made the town their chief port in the Kingdom of Jerusalem . On the first Crusade, Fulcher relates his travels with the Crusading armies of King Baldwin, including initially staying over in Acre before

2475-492: Was captured by Alexander Jannaeus (ruled c.  103 –76   BC), Tigranes the Great (r. 95–55   BC), and Cleopatra (r. 51–30   BC). Here Herod the Great (r. 37–4   BC) built a gymnasium . Around 37 BC, the Romans conquered the Hellenized Phoenician port-city called Akko. It became a colony in southern Roman Phoenicia , called Colonia Claudia Felix Ptolemais Garmanica Stabilis . Ptolemais stayed Roman for nearly seven centuries until 636 AD, when it

2530-418: Was conquered by the Muslim Arabs. Under Augustus , a gymnasium was built in the city. In 4 BC, the Roman proconsul Publius Quinctilius Varus assembled his army there in order to suppress the revolts that broke out in the region following the death of Herod the Great . The Romans built a breakwater and expanded the harbor at the present location of the harbor....In the Roman/Byzantine period, Acre-Ptolemais

2585-411: Was entirely destroyed, with the exception of a few religious edifices considered sacred by the Muslims, namely the Nabi Salih tomb and the Ayn Bakar spring. The destruction of the city led to popular Arabic sayings in the region enshrining its past glory. In 1321 the Syrian geographer Abu'l-Fida wrote that Acre was "a beautiful city" but still in ruins following its capture by the Mamluks. Nonetheless,

2640-427: Was known as Colonia Ptolemais for short. During the Crusades, it was officially known as Sainct-Jehan-d'Acre or more simply Acre (Modern French : Saint-Jean-d'Acre [sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ dakʁ] ), after the Knights Hospitaller who had their headquarters there and whose patron saint was Saint John the Baptist . This name remained quite popular in the Christian world until modern times, often translated into

2695-439: Was only matched for size in the Crusader kingdom by the city of Jerusalem. Around 1170 it became the main port of the eastern Mediterranean, and the kingdom of Jerusalem was regarded in the west as enormously wealthy above all because of Acre. According to an English contemporary, it provided more for the Crusader crown than the total revenues of the king of England. The Andalusian geographer Ibn Jubayr wrote that in 1185 there

2750-560: Was originally the home of Hapoel Haifa and Maccabi Haifa until Kiryat Eliezer Stadium was built. It was named for Baltimore mayor Thomas D'Alesandro . Kiryat Haim is home to a handball team, Maccabi Hakiryatim  [ he ] . Kiryat Haim is served by the Kiryat Haim Railway Station , which is on the main Coastal railway line to Nahariya , with southerly trains to Beersheba and Modi'in . Three Egged bus lines route through Kiryat Haim, route 13 that travels between Kiryat Ata and Kiryat Yam , route 15 that routes via

2805-499: Was re-elected in 2018 with 85% of the vote. The etymology of the name is unknown. A folk etymology in Hebrew is that, when the ocean was created, it expanded until it reached Acre and then stopped, giving the city its name (in Hebrew, ad koh means "up to here" and no further). Acre seems to be recorded in Egyptian hieroglyphs , probably being the ʿKY in the execration texts from around 1800   BC. The Akkadian cuneiform Amarna letters also mention an "Akka" in

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2860-472: Was renamed Kfar Masaryk after Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk , the first President of Czechoslovakia . The kibbutz grows cotton, tomatoes and avocados; breeds cattle, poultry and carp; and operates paper and cardboard box factories. It also manufactures electronic devices. Acre, Israel Acre ( / ˈ ɑː k ər , ˈ eɪ k ər / AH -kər, AY -kər ), known locally as Akko ( Hebrew : עַכּוֹ , ʻAkkō ) and Akka ( Arabic : عكّا , ʻAkkā ),

2915-444: Was still a Muslim community in the city who worshipped in a small mosque. Acre, along with Beirut and Sidon , capitulated without a fight to the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187, after his decisive victory at Hattin and the subsequent Muslim capture of Jerusalem. Acre remained in Muslim hands until it was unexpectedly besieged by King Guy of Lusignan —reinforced by Pisan naval and ground forces—in August 1189. The siege

2970-408: Was then resettled by Jewish immigrants. In present-day Israel, the population was 51,420 in 2022, made up of Jews , Muslims , Christians , Druze , and Baháʼís . In particular, Acre is the holiest city of the Baháʼí Faith in Israel and receives many pilgrims of that faith every year. Acre is one of Israel's mixed cities ; 32% of the city's population is Arab . The mayor is Shimon Lankri, who

3025-446: Was unique in the history of the Crusades since the Frankish besiegers were themselves besieged, by Saladin's troops. It was not captured until July 1191 when the forces of the Third Crusade , led by King Richard I of England and King Philip II of France , came to King Guy's aid. Acre then served as the de facto capital of the remnant Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1192. During the siege, German merchants from Lübeck and Bremen had founded

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