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43-524: Kilimanoor is a panchayat and a town in the Chirayinkeezhu taluk of Thiruvananthapuram district in Kerala , India. It is located on MC/SH 1 Road , 33 kilometres (21 mi) North-west of the city of Thiruvananthapuram ( Trivandrum ), 14 km (8.7 mi) east of Attingal and 20 km (12 mi) east of Varkala . Kilimanoor ("land of the bird and the deer") was ruled by a Pillai ruling chief and

86-534: A host of illustrious personalities like the painter Raja Ravi Varma , the great poet and social reformer Kumaran Asan and Prem Nazir etc. There are 16 villages and one municipalities are in the taluk. Alamcode , Azhoor , Chirayinkeezhu , Edakkode , Kadakkavoor , Keezhattingal , Kilimanoor , Ponganadu , Koonthalloor , Koduvazhannoor , Mudakkal , Nagaroor , Pazhayakunnummel , Perunguzhi , Pulimath , Sarkara-Chirayinkeezhu , Vakkom , Vellalloor There one Municipality Attingal . Chirayinkeezh has

129-579: A network of backwaters and canals , which is quite typical of Kerala . Also there are many Temples and important tourist places. Some of them are given below. The estate of Kilimanoor originally belonged to a Pillai ruling chief and was forfeited to Travancore by Maharaja Marthanda Varma. The estate comprising several villages was then handed over to the family of the father of the King who had come south from Parappanad in Malabar around 1718. In 1705 ( ME 880)

172-549: A small victory, this was the first time an Indian army defeated a European power. In recognition of this feat, Marthanda Varma, in 1753, exempted the areas under control of Kilimanoor Palace from taxes and proclaimed autonomous status. The present palace complex was also built during this time along with the Ayyappa temple for the family deity. Velu Thampi Dalawa held meetings at the Kilimanoor Palace, planning his revolts against

215-540: A strong base. Attingal Constituency (Scheduled Caste reserved) is part of Attingal (Lok Sabha constituency) . Kilimanoor is on the Main Central Road . It is connected to the whole major destination by buses run by KSRTC from the Kilimanoor bus depot. Kilimanoor is only 33 kilometres (21 mi) away from Thiruvananthapuram . The nearest airport is Trivandrum International Airport . The nearest major railway station

258-618: Is Varkala Railway Station which is 20 km (12 mi) from Kilimanoor. Chirayinkeezhu taluk Chirayinkeezhu Taluk is a Taluk (tehsil) in Thiruvananthapuram district in the Indian state of Kerala . It is shares border with Varkala Taluk in North and with Thiruvananthapuram Taluk in South. It comprises 12 panchayats and Attingal Municipality. Chirayinkeezhu taluk is the birthplace of

301-413: Is awarded every year to people who show excellence in the field of art and culture. Raja Ravi Varma is sometimes regarded as the first modern Indian artist due to his ability to reconcile Western aesthetics with Indian iconography. The Indian art historian and critic Geeta Kapur wrote, Ravi Varma is the indisputable father figure of modern Indian art. Naive and ambitious at the same time, he opens up

344-901: Is controversial. Fellow Baroda School artist and art historian Ratan Parimoo saw Ravi Varma in a less favorable light, derogatorily referring to him as kitsch and claiming Varma's work was less spiritually authentic than folk art and tribal art. He argued that Ravi Varma was responsible for the "vulgarity" of popular art, comparing Varma's work to the lurid colors and sexuality of popular images in calendar art and films. Despite his controversial legacy, Ravi Varma continues to be an important figure for modern and contemporary Indian artists. For example, modern artist Nalini Malani recreated Ravi Varma's Galaxy of Musicians in her video installation Unity in Diversity to interrogate Ravi Varma's idealistic nationalism. Similarly, contemporary artist Pushpamala N. recreated several Ravi Varma paintings with herself as

387-577: Is particularly noted for his paintings depicting episodes from the story of Dushyanta and Shakuntala , and Nala and Damayanti , from the Mahabharata . Ravi Varma's representation of Hindu characters has become a part of the Indian imagination of the epics. He is often criticized for being too showy and sentimental in his style but his work remains very popular in India. Many of his fabulous paintings are housed at Laxmi Vilas Palace, Vadodara . Apparently on

430-401: Is presented during this festival. Jayant Parikh was the first recipient. The following is a list of the prominent works of Ravi Varma. On the anniversary of what would be his 150th birthday, Google Arts and Culture released over 300 of his works online for everyone to view. More at Category:Raja Ravi Varma J. Sasikumar made Raja Ravi Varma , an Indian documentary television film on

473-626: The British . He handed over his sword at the palace before going for his final battle against the British. India's First President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad received the sword from the palace, and it is now kept at the National Museum, New Delhi . Subsequently, placed at the Napier Museum in the capital city of Kerala. The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) and Communist Party of India (CPI) have

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516-558: The Ernakulam district in Kerala. Ravi Varma had two siblings, a sister named Mangala Bayi and a brother named Raja Varma (born 1860). The last-named was also a painter and worked closely with Ravi Varma all his life. In 1866, at the age of 18, Varma was married to 12-year-old Bhageerthi Bayi (known formally as Pooruruttati Nal Bhageerathi Bayi Thampuratty) of the royal house of Mavelikkara , another major fief of Travancore kingdom. Notably,

559-489: The 1906 death of Ravi Varma. The Ravi Varma press was the largest and most innovative press in India at that time. The press was managed by Varma's brother, Raja Varma, but under their management, it was a commercial failure. By 1899 the press was deeply in debt and in 1901, the press was sold to his printing technician from Germany, Fritz Schleicher. Schleicher continued to print Ravi Varma's prints but later employed other artists to create new designs. Schleicher also broadened

602-547: The Deshinganadu King, attacked Venad, an army from Kilimanoor resisted and then defeated them. Although a small victory, this was the first time an Indian army had defeated a European power. In 1753, in recognition of this feat, Marthanda Varma exempted the areas controlled by the Kilimanoor palace. Most of the area under the present Kilimanoor and Pazhayakunnummel panchayats . from taxes, and granted them autonomous status. Although under his kingdom. The present palace complex

645-569: The Royal House of Kilimanoor. This Royal House of Kilimanoor has a history of more than 300 years. In 1705 (ME 880), the son and two daughters of Ittammar Raja of Beypore Thattarikovilakam, a Parappanad royal house, were adopted by the Royal house of Venad . Parappanad was actually the ruling family of Parappanangadi in present-day Malappuram district . Ittammar Raja's sister and her sons, Rama Varma and Raghava Varma, settled in Kilimanoor and married

688-408: The Royal House of Travancore once again faced a succession crisis. Bhageerthi's two elder sisters, who had been adopted in order to carry forward the lineage, had failed to produce the desired heirs. They had six children between them, but only two of those survived, and both were boys (who also, incidentally, later died childless). According to the matrilineal Marumakkathayam system, the succession to

731-701: The advice of the then Dewan (Prime Minister) of Travancore , T. Madhava Rao , Ravi Varma started a lithographic printing press in Ghatkopar , Mumbai in 1894 and later shifted it to Malavli near Lonavala , Maharashtra in 1899. The oleographs produced by the press were mostly of Hindu gods and goddesses in scenes adapted mainly from the Mahabharata , the Ramayana and the Puranas . These oleographs were very popular and continued to be printed in thousands for many years, even after

774-581: The artist in 1997. It was produced by the Government of India 's Films Division . Makaramanju (English: The Mist of Capricorn ) is a 2011 Indian Malayalam -language romantic drama film by Lenin Rajendran starring Santosh Sivan as Varma, the film focuses on Varma's painting "Urvashi Pururavas". The 2014 Indian Hindi-language film, Rang Rasiya (English title: Colours of Passion ) explores Varma's inspiration behind his paintings with Randeep Hooda in

817-507: The death of Raja Raja Varma, and also from diabetes, which contributed to his death on 2 October 1906. Varma was patronised by Ayilyam Thirunal , the next Maharaja of Travancore and began formal training thereafter. He learned the basics of painting in Madurai . Later, he was trained in water painting by Rama Swami Naidu and rather reluctantly in oil painting by British portraitist Theodore Jenson. The British administrator, Edgar Thurston

860-463: The debate for his later compatriots in the specific matter of defining individual genius through professional acumen, of testing modes of cultural adaptation with idiosyncratic effect, of attempting pictorial narration with its historic scope. Similarly, Baroda School artist Gulam Mohammed Sheikh also wrote about Ravi Varma as a modern artist. In his essay "Ravi Varma in Baroda", Sheikh asserted that Varma

903-475: The entire present (existing) royal family of Travancore is descended from Raja Ravi Varma. Well known among his royal descendants are the writers Aswathi Thirunal Gowri Lakshmi Bayi and Shreekumar Varma , the artist Rukmini Varma and the classical musician Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma . Around Ravi Varma's 57th birthday he announced his decision to accept Sanyasa, and retire from all worldly life when he turned 60. In his final years he suffered from grief for

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946-464: The house of Mavellikara was a branch of the Royal House of Travancore. Bhageerthi was the youngest of three sisters, and both of her elder sisters had been adopted into the royal family of Travancore in 1857 in order to carry on the lineage. They were known as the Senior and Junior Rani of Attingal, and in their progeny was vested the succession to the throne of Travancore. Therefore, Ravi Varma's connection to

989-428: The main reason being that they were the nearest matrilineal ( cognatic ) kin to the incumbent Rani of Attingal. In August 1900, Mahaprabha's eldest daughter Lakshmi Bayi (aged 5 years) and Uma's eldest daughter Parvati Bayi (aged 4 years) were adopted into the Royal family of Travancore. It was Bharani Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi , their surviving grand-aunt, who formally adopted them. She died within one year of doing this, and

1032-511: The matrilineal system prevalent at that time children born of the female members only belonged to that house of Raghava Varma, Ravi varma Koil Thampuran, married the sister of Marthanda Varma. Their son became known as Dharma Raja Kartika Thirunnal Rama Varma. In 1740 when an allied force, the forces were from Kochi, Thekkumkoor, Deshinganad (present kollam) and Purakkad who had enmity towards Marthanda Varma led by Dutchman Captain Hockert supporting

1075-559: The now-adopted sisters. Marthanda Varma, the founder of the Kingdom of Travancore was the son of Raghava Varma. Raghava Varma's nephew, Ravi Varma Koil Thampuran, married Marthanda Varma's sister. Their son came to be known as Dharma Raja Kartika Thirunnal Rama Varma. In 1740, when an allied force led by Dutch Captain Hockert supporting the Deshinganadu king attacked Venad, an army from Kilimanoor tactfully resisted and then defeated them. Although

1118-486: The palace and it was kept in the National Museum in Delhi . Afterwards the sword was moved to the Napier Museum, Trivandrum. Raja Ravi Varma Raja Ravi Varma ( Malayalam: [ɾaːdʒaː ɾɐʋi ʋɐrm(ː)ɐ] ) (29 April 1848 – 2 October 1906 ) was an Indian painter and artist. His works are one of the best examples of the fusion of European academic art with a purely Indian sensibility and iconography. Especially, he

1161-587: The product of press to include commercial and advertisement labels. Under the management of Schleicher and his successors, the press continued successfully until a devastating fire destroyed the whole factory in 1972. Many of Ravi Varma's original lithographic prints were also lost in the fire. In 1904, Viceroy Lord Curzon , on behalf of the British King Emperor, bestowed upon Varma the Kaisar-i-Hind Gold Medal . A college dedicated to fine arts

1204-453: The royal family became very close due to his marriage with Bhageerthi. His children (because they belonged to their mother's family) would be royal by birth. The marriage, which was arranged by the parents in the proper Indian manner, was harmonious and successful. The couple had five children, two sons, and three daughters. Their elder son, Kerala Varma (b.1876) was of an excessively spiritual temperament. He never married and eventually renounced

1247-456: The son and two daughters of Ittammar Raja of Beypore Thattarikovilakam, a Kolathunadu royal house, were adopted into the Royal house of Venad . Ittammar Raja's sister and her sons, Rama Varma and Raghava Varma, settled in Kilimanoor and married the now adopted sisters. Marthanda Varma , the founder of the Kingdom of Travancore , was the son of Raghava Varma. The nephew Sister's son. According to

1290-576: The subject to deconstruct Ravi Varma's idealized depictions of goddesses and Indian women. Many organizations do programs in his memory and give awards in his name. A two days festival of The Maharaja Ranjitsinh Gaekwad Festival of Arts is annually organized, in his memory at the Durbar Hall in Laxmi Vilas Palace , Vadodara , Gujarat . The Raja Ravi Varma Award for Excellence in the Field of Visual Arts

1333-559: The throne could only progress through females, and therefore it was necessary to make an adoption. Tradition dictated that two girls belonging to branches of the Royal Family be adopted together. They would be designated the Senior and Junior Rani of Attingal, and the succession to the throne of Travancore would be vested in their progeny, in accordance with the unusual and unique Marumakkathayam system of succession. Two of Varma's granddaughters were marked by destiny to receive this honour,

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1376-501: The two girls were then installed as the Senior and Junior Ranis of Attingal respectively. They were married while yet in their early teens to two gentlemen from suitable aristocratic families. It was the Junior Rani, Sethu Parvathi Bayi , who gave birth to the much-awaited heir in 1912, exactly a day after her sixteenth birthday. Incidentally, her husband was a grand-nephew of Raja Ravi Varma and belonged to Kilimanoor . The newborn child

1419-536: The world, leaving home for good in 1912. The younger son, Rama Varma (born 1879), inherited his father's artistic talent and studied at the JJ School of Arts , Mumbai . He was married to Gowri Kunjamma, sister of Dewan PGN Unnithan , and became the father of seven children. The three daughters of Ravi Varma and Bhageerthi Bayi were Mahaprabha Amma (who features in two of Varma's most famous paintings), Uma Amma (named after Varma's mother) and Cheria Kochamma. In 1900 CE,

1462-408: Was a key figure in the establishment of Indian modern art, claiming that "the story of contemporary Indian art was never the same after Ravi Varma had entered it. He left his imprint on almost every aspect of it." Like Kapur, Sheikh praised Ravi Varma's integration of Indian and Western aesthetics and techniques, comparing him favorably to Indian modernist Nandalal Bose . However, Ravi Varma's legacy

1505-455: Was also constituted in his honour at Mavelikara , Kerala . Raja Ravi Varma High at Kilimanoor was named after him and there are many cultural organizations throughout India bearing his name. In 2013, the crater Varma on Mercury was named in his honor. Considering his vast contribution to Indian art , the Government of Kerala has instituted an award called Raja Ravi Varma Puraskaram , which

1548-468: Was born M. R. Ry. Ravi Varma, Koil Thampuran of Kilimanoor at Kilimanoor palace in the erstwhile princely state of Travancore (present-day Kerala ) into an aristocratic family that for over 200 years produced consorts for the princesses of the matrilineal Travancore royal family. The title Raja was conferred as a personal title by the Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Curzon . Ravi Varma

1591-440: Was built at this time, together with the Ayyappa temple. The original temple being at Nerumkaithakotta , near Kozhikode for the family deity, Sastha or Ayyapan. Velu Thampi Dalawa held meetings at Kilimanoor palace while planning uprisings against the British. He handed over his sword at the palace before going into his final battle against the British, and India's first President, Dr Rajendra Prasad received this sword from

1634-545: Was forfeited to Travancore by Maharaja Marthanda Varma. The estate comprising several villages was then handed over to the family of the father of the King who had come south from Parappanad in Malabar around 1718. was ruled by a chief during time of the Ettuveetil Pillamar in the kingdom of Travancore . The chief rebelled against the Maharajah Marthanda Varma , and the region was annexed and later given to

1677-435: Was notable for making affordable lithographs of his paintings available to the public, which greatly enhanced his reach and influence as a painter and public figure. His lithographs increased the involvement of common people with fine arts and defined artistic tastes among the common people. Furthermore, his religious depictions of Hindu deities and works from Indian epic poetry and Puranas have received profound acclaim. He

1720-468: Was part of the royal family of erstwhile Parappanad , Malappuram district . Raja Ravi Varma was closely related to the royal family of Travancore of present-day Kerala state in India. Later in his life, two of his granddaughters were adopted into the royal family, and their descendants comprise the present royal family of Travancore, including the latest three Maharajas ( Balarama Varma III , Marthanda Varma III and Rama Varma VII ). Raja Ravi Varma

1763-559: Was significant in promoting the careers of Varma and his brother. Varma received widespread acclaim after he won an award for an exhibition of his paintings at Vienna in 1873. Varma's paintings were also sent to the World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago in 1893 and he was awarded three gold medals. He travelled throughout India in search of subjects. He often modelled Hindu Goddesses on Indian women, whom he considered beautiful. Ravi Varma

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1806-519: Was the future Maharaja Chithira Thirunal , the last ruling Maharaja of Travancore . He was followed by a brother (the future Maharaja Marthanda Varma III ) and a sister Lakshmi Bayi , the mother of Maharaja Rama Varma VII who is presently on the throne (since 2013). Meanwhile, the Senior Rani ( Sethu Lakshmi Bayi , daughter of Mahaprabha Amma, and Regent from 1924 to 1931) also gave birth to two daughters later in life (in 1923 and 1926). In this way,

1849-425: Was the son of Ezhumavil Neelakanthan Bhattatiripad and Uma Ambabayi Thampurratti. His mother Uma Ambabayi Thampuratty belonged to the baronial family which ruled the Kilimanoor feudal estate within the kingdom of Travancore . She was a poet and writer of some talent, and her work Parvati Swayamvaram was published by Varma after her death. Ravi Varma's father was a scholar of Sanskrit and Ayurveda and hailed from

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