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72-421: The Ettuveetil Pillamar were known according to the villages in which they resided and all held the title of Pillai . The Eight Lords were Kazhakoottathu Pillai, Ramanamadhom Pillai, Chempazhanty Pillai, Kudamon Pillai, Venganoor Pillai, Marthandalayam Pillai, Pallichal Pillai and Kolathur Pillai. Kazhakkoottam and Chempazhanthi lie to the north of Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city, while Venganoor lies to

144-758: A central point for bus operations, the terminus enhances accessibility and convenience for travelers, ensuring smooth connectivity between different areas within Kanyakumari and to the neighboring Tirunelveli district. The town bus routes to surrounding localities are to Vadasery , Parvathipuram , Vetturnimadam, Asaripallam, Chunkankadai, Villukuri, Thuckalay , Karungal , Thingalnagar, Mulagumoodu, Chettikulam, Kottar , Ramanputhur, Konam, Eathamozhi, Rajakkamangalam , Manavalakurichi, Colachal , Midalam, Enayam, Parakkai, Thengamputhur, Puthalam, Manakudy, Kovalam, Thovalai , Suchindram , Vazhukkamparai, Thamaraikulam, Mylaudy , Kottaram, etc. There are two railway stations in

216-646: A group of nobles known as Madathil Pillamar ,often mistaken for the Ettuveetil Pillamar. Earlier historians stated that the King had no authority over the temple and the Ettara Yogam and Pillamar were outside his control. However temple documents show that it was the king who appointed the highest dignitary of the temple, known as the Swamiyar . In fact, the authority of the king is considered to have been greatly valued for

288-468: A mercantile town that dates back to the Sangam period . Kottar is now a locality within the city limits. Nagercoil was a major town in the erstwhile Travancore kingdom till 1956. In 1956, Kanyakumari District , along with the town, was merged with Tamil Nadu. Nagercoil is a centre for a range of economic activities in the small but densely-populated Kanyakumari District . Economic activities in and around

360-592: A noted historians, the title was demoted and came to be granted more commonly to decorate soldiers upon payment of the "Adiyara" from the time of Maharaja Anizham Tirunal Marthanda Varma who had previously subdued the power of the Pillais of the Eight Houses Ettuveettil Pillamar and annexed their territories. This has resulted in the title being rather common rather than only among the highest echelons of Nair society in modern Kerala. The title of Pillai

432-509: A person, Krishnan, would be referred to as Krishnan Pillai or Kanakku, followed by his maternal uncle's name, and Krishnan. The latter style was used in royal writs and communications. During the Travancore-Mysore War the forces of Mysore under Tipu Sultan were defeated by a sudden attack under the leadership of General Kali Kutty Nair who was posthumously elevated to the dignity of Pillaidom as Kali Kutty Pillai. The Ruling Chiefs before

504-666: A royal family or King 2. Pillai - Governors of land and one who has rights to collect tax 3. Madampi - Jenmi or landlords 4. Naluvitan - Rulers of small regions under the Madampi The Padmanabhapuram Palace was constructed by a king named Iravi Pillai Iravi Varma Kulasekhara Perumal in A.D. 1601 Kurup, Kaimal, and Kathav are other similar titles that held significance in various medieval Kerala kingdoms, and were also present in some parts of Venad. After Marthanda Varma's execution of more than 70 Barons, Nobles, Chiefs across venad, in 1730. According to

576-409: A total of 59,997 households. There were a total of 76,345 workers, comprising 244 cultivators, 1,155 main agricultural laborers, 2,271 in household industries, 67,050 other workers, 5,625 marginal workers, 110 marginal cultivators, 361 marginal agricultural laborers, 447 marginal workers in household industries and 4,707 other marginal workers. The city is one among the 50 Indian cities to be ranked in

648-507: A year, five of her six sons were drowned under suspicious circumstances, probably at the instigation of the Pillamar, in the Kalippankulam pond.The surviving eldest son, now the only heir to the throne, could not assume power as per the matriarchal traditions of Kerala . (Due to the absence of females the family could not be perpetuated.) Umayamma then adopted a cousin, namely Kerala Varma, into

720-449: Is a title of nobility which can either refer to a ruling chief, members of the nobility, or junior princes of the royal family and was mostly used by the upper-caste Nair feudal lords who were historically ranked as or immediately below the king. The oldest lineages of Pillais include not only Kshatriyas but also brahmins who took up the sword. From the early modern period, the title also came to be bestowed upon Savarna subjects by

792-457: Is an ancient title that goes back to the Sangam Era, given to junior members of the royal family. Originally a title meaning "royal child", it came to be given to administrators of temples; often holding large estates on behalf of the latter. Early English records also address these hereditary ruling chiefs as the princes of Kerala ranking below the monarch. The most well known are the Pillais of

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864-630: Is at 96.99% higher than the national average of 74.04% and state average of 80.09%. At Vadasery , a locality in Nagercoil, a unique Temple jewellery is made. The Vadasery Temple jewellery has Geographical Indications (GI) registry of the Government of India. These jewels are used by classical dancers in India. Onam is a festival which is widely celebrated among the Malayalam -speaking population by drawing

936-520: Is said that Ummini Thankachi killed herself after the execution of her brothers to escape Marthanda Varma.) In this entire episode Subhadra, the niece of the Thirumukom (Pillai) of Kudamon, plays an important part in betraying the Eight. She was a brave lady but treacherous and it was she who divulged secrets of the Eight to Marthanda Varmas people which made them victorious. However her uncle killed her after

1008-619: Is well utilized by buses belonging to the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC), State Express Transport Corporation (SETC), and Kerala State Road Transport Corporation . Local buses primarily serve the commuting needs of residents within the Kanyakumari district, offering reliable transportation options for daily travel and commuting purposes. Additionally, buses to Tirunelveli district provide connectivity for inter-district travel, enabling passengers to reach destinations across both districts efficiently. As

1080-473: The 'athapoo' on the floor. Navaratri is uniquely celebrated here with an inter-state tradition in which the idols of Goddess Munuthithanankai Amman from Suchindrum , Goddess Saraswati from Padmanabhapuram Palace and Lord Kumaraswamy from Kumarakovil travel to Thiruvananthapuram . A ceremonial welcome is given to the idols of the Gods by the officials and representatives of the Government of Kerala . After

1152-401: The 2011 census , Nagercoil had a population of 289,916 with a female-male sex ratio of 1.05, well above the national average of 0.929 females/male. A total of 20,241 were under the age of six, constituting 10,119 males and 10,122 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 4.19% and 0.17% of the population respectively. The literacy rate of the city was 96.99%. The city had

1224-561: The Darpakulangara Palace and was cremated at Thiruvattar . The King had died a natural death. Another significant fact that has come to light is that Umayamma Rani had no children at all and hence the story of the murder of her five children is disproved. The Royal family consisted only of Umayamma Rani , a Senior Rani and Ravi Varma, the son of the Senior Rani. In fact, Umayamma had two adopted sons from 1677 who were however not in

1296-673: The Ettara Yogam . The Ettara Yogam ('King's Council of Eight and a half'), presided by the Pushpanjali Swamiyar was an association consisting of Potti families, Nair family and the King administered the Sri Padmanabhaswamy Temple of present-day Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala. The lands and properties of the temple were divided into eight parts and each was placed by the Yogam under one of the Pillai as governor. They soon started opposing

1368-672: The Kunju Thampis . They furnished them with enough money and men to seek aid from the Pandyas of Madurai . However Marthanda Varma managed to avert war by bribing away the Pandyan army. Soon after this Padmanabhan and Raman Thampi were captured and killed at Nagercoil Palace. (It may be stated that according to a popular folklore, Marthanda Varma's enmity towards the Kunju Thampimar was because of their refusal to allow him to marry their sister. It

1440-523: The Mukkuvar fishermen of the coast. The two palaces at Thiruvananthapuram , known as Ramanamadhom and Thevarathu Koikal were constructed from the wood and material of the palaces of the Pillamar. The Travancore State Manual written by scholar V. Nagam Aiya concludes by saying, Thus ended the long tale of crime and bloodshed committed by the lawless band of Ettuveetil Pillai and the Madampimar who molested

1512-492: The 1750s. The consolidation of Travancore was effected at the expense of the power of the ruling chiefs. Marthanda Varma also awarded the forfeited estates to new owners, as in the case of Kilimanoor, and also went on to create new titles to reward his friends and allies for military or political service rendered. In 1891, the Malayali Memorial, a memorandum signed by more than 10,000 people including Muslims and Christians,

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1584-513: The 21st century contemporary. Although there are prehistoric and classical structures in the city, the architectural history of Nagercoil effectively begins with the first small settlements from 3 A.D. The Roman naturalist and writer Pliny the Elder mentions Nagercoil as a commercial metropolis, having trade links with his contemporaneous Roman merchants, who traded and stayed in unique rock-walled, clay-roofed structures. This legacy can be found in some of

1656-599: The Eight Nair Noble Houses, the Ettuveettil Pillamar of Travancore , were extremely influential in the past, often had greater power and influence than the Raja. Originally, they were royalty of Kerala related to one another from amongst the swaroopams of Travancore, and in the course of time, some of these families became extinct or were superseded by the elite families of their large Nayar retainers. After

1728-540: The Kings for services military or political, most of whom were of Nair origin. The Nair Pillai caste is unrelated to other Pillais. It is important not to confuse them with the Vellala Pillai , Chetti Pillai , illathu Pillai (Eelathu Pillai), etc. Some of them also use 'Pillai' surname in some parts of Kerala, they have distinct identities and no relation with Kerala title " Pillai". According to epigraphic records, it

1800-620: The Malayalam 'ara ' At Kotaur, the dialectic peculiarities of the Malayalam language begin to supersede those of the Tamil ;; and this appears to have been the case even in the time of the Greeks." (Page 62-63) It was from the ancient trade centre of Kottar from where the city of Nagercoil began to expand. Known as the Granary of Travancore , Nagercoil not only served as the food basket of Kerala, but

1872-1455: The Nagercoil Clock Tower was presented to the Maharajah by Rev. James Duthie. of the London Missionary Society. The total cost for constructing the Nagercoil Clock Tower was ₹ 3,258, 9 Chakrams and 12 Kasu. The Maharajah of Travancore donated ₹ 1017, and the balance was donated by the public. Tamil is the official language in Nagercoil and is spoken by the majority of the population here. In addition to Tamil, English and Malayalam are widely spoken. There are many schools and colleges in Nagercoil that are known for their national reputation and were established more than 150 years ago; colleges such as Scott Christian College (est. 1809), South Travancore Hindu College (est. 1952), Holy Cross College (est. 1965), Women Christian College and schools such as Scott Christian Higher Secondary School (est. 1819), Duthie Girls School (est. 1819), St. Joseph's Convent Higher Secondary School (est. 1910), Carmel Higher Secondary School (est. 1922), S.L.B. Government Higher Secondary School (est. 1924), S.M.R.V. Higher Secondary School (est. 1919). Also, there are several private primary, secondary, and higher secondary schools, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), and Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) schools in

1944-487: The Nagercoil Palace, Nagercoil Clock Tower , Home Church , Scott Christian College , Scott School , Carmel Higher Secondary School , St. Joseph Convent , Sethu Lakshmi Bai School, Nagercoil Court, The Concordia Seminary, Filter House, The Salvation Army Catherine Booth Hospital and many more heritage structures in and around the town. The Nagercoil Clock Tower is the most visible to the outside world, situated in

2016-526: The Pillai surname, but use Kanakku as Pre-name. The title was bestowed through a formal ceremony known as Thirumukom Pidikkuka i.e. holding the face of the King and included the payment of a fee known as Adiyara to the King. A person thus bestowed with this title now secured the honorific title of Pillai suffixed and the distinctive title of Kanakku (meaning accountant in Malayalam) prefixed to his name. However Kanakku and Pillai were never used together. E.g.: either

2088-435: The Pillamar. But having received proof of the intention of the Pillamar to murder him they were all rounded up and tried soon after this. The Eight were either killed or exiled after sufficient evidence of conspiracy and murder was procured. Their houses were dug up ( Kulamthondal - a common punishment of the time) and all their assets and armies seized by the victorious Marthanda Varma . Their women and children were sold to

2160-759: The Seal 4. Pandara Pillai - Head of the Maharajah's Bodyguard 5. Kaimal Pillai - Chancellor 6. Valia Sarvadhikaryakkar Pilla - Justice General 7. Kurup Pilla - High Steward The Great Officers of the State Establishment until the latter half of the 19th century consisted of the Meleluttu Pillai (Accountant General), the Rayasam Pillai (Keeper of the Seal), several Rayasams and Kanakku Pillais respectively below them. These often hereditary offices of state were

2232-463: The State Congress party under Thanu Pillai, who had for over two decades agitated for responsible government. One of the first modifications they made to the erstwhile Government House and Secretariat was to install a statue of Velu Thampi in the forecourt. Despite the changes in political power, a loose connection between Pillais and desoms remained for a long time after authority had moved over to

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2304-685: The World Startup Index of 1,000 cities. The major software companies present in Nagercoil are CapeStart Inc., Hinduja Global Solutions , Navigant Consulting and American stock exchange NASDAQ . The city also has small aerospace manufacturing plants and satellite fabricating firms serving the Indian Space Research Organisations facility in ISRO Propulsion Complex , Mahendragiri. The Regional Academic Centre for Space by Indian Space Research Organisation, one among

2376-559: The aim of the Pillamar to extirpate the royal family. Even if they succeeded in killing the Royal family at Thiruvananthapuram , there were the other collateral branches at Nedumangad and Kottarakara , places where the Pillamar had no following. It may be noted that all these branches participated in the meetings and management of the Temple and hence were active in Thiruvananthapuram also. In

2448-524: The area. This can be attributed to the construction of the Thanumalayan Temple in the 16th century. The 14th century St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Kottar serves as a testimony to the mix of Roman and native architecture. While Saint Xavier was doing missionary work at Kottar and its neighborhood, he averted an invasion of Padagas and thus protected the people of the Venad kingdom from that attack which

2520-430: The arrival of the refugee princes of Northern Malabar fleeing the invasion of Tipu Sultan , this practice was minimized, and the refugee princes were raised to the status of Koyi Thampuran and granted estates belonging to these deposed Chiefs. The Pillais of Kerala held authority over their own regions and had the right to pass judgment in provincial disputes, even more so than the kings. They were royal governors of

2592-508: The battle for her treachery. The Pillamar were initially deterred by the fate of the Thampis, for they did not expect Marthanda Varma to kill his own cousins. However, soon after this, they plotted once again to murder the king but intelligence of this reached the king. On the day of the Arrat festival when the murder was to take place, Marthanda Varma appeared with an escort strong enough to cow down

2664-480: The city include tourism, wind energy, IT services, marine fish production and exports, rubber and cloves plantations, agro-crops, floral production, manufacture of fishnets, rubber products among other activities. 'Nagercoil Cloves' is a distinct quality of dried cloves in the spices market, noted for its aroma and medicinal value. Cloves , pepper and other spices are grown in estates in the Western Ghats , outside

2736-592: The city that provide learning diversity to the local & surrounding students. There are approved institutions in and around the city, consisting of autonomous colleges, aided colleges and self-financing colleges. There is a Government ITI, Government Polytechnic, University College of Engineering, and Government Arts And Science College situated in Konam . There are two Government Medical Institutes in Nagercoil, Kanyakumari Government Medical College, Asaripallam , and Government Ayurvedic College, Kottar . The literacy rate

2808-478: The document of 1730 regarding the execution of the Pillamar the name used for the conspirators is Ettuveetil Madampimar and not Pillamar. Besides, of the eight Pillais, only Kazhakoothathu Pillai and Kulathur Pillai are mentioned, the remainder being totally different individuals. The remaining six families are not mentioned at all, and it is improbable that the King who personally made investigations would let any of them go free. Further important revelations made by

2880-410: The documents of the Temple are with regard to Aditya Varma and Umayamma Rani . The Temple records which refer to minor events such as appointment of sweepers in the temple have not stated anything on the palace of Aditya Varma being burnt down. Also the story that Aditya Varma was poisoned to death is positively disproved, for the temple records clearly state that Aditya Varma died at Padmanabhapuram in

2952-412: The domestic and export markets. The minor cottage industries include Surgical Gloves, Coir -making, floral trade, handloom-weaving, cashew nut, spices, food-processing units, and lace-making (export-oriented). Nagercoil has the highest per capita income of ₹2,76,454 (US$ 3,800), making it among the richest small cities in India. The city has an installed windmill capacity of 1500 MW catering to 20% of

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3024-490: The eve of its 100th year as a city on 14 February 2019. Nagercoil derives from the Tamil expression Nagaraja koyil , meaning "temple of Nagas". "Kottara: This is the name of a place in the country of the 'Aii', or ' Paralia ' (identical with South Travancore), which is called ‘Kottiara Metropolis' by Ptolemy, ' Cottora' by Pliny. Undoubtedly the town referred to is ‘Kôțţâra' or, as it is ordinarily spelled by Europeans, ‘ Kotaur,'

3096-491: The force of an adjective : it is another rule that sonants when doubled become surds. Consequently the compound ‘kôd- ara' becomes by rule 'kôţt-âra' . It is interesting to perceive that in the time of the Greeks the same peculiar phonetic rules existed which are now in operation . It is also worth noticing that the Greek writers represent the last syllable of the name of the town, not as ' âru ,' but as 'âra . The Tamil has ' âru, '

3168-420: The formation of the state of Travancore by Marthanda Varma are known by their family names and those elevated by Marthanda Varma or after use the title as a suffix to their given name. A Pillai (plural Pillamar) has the title Pillai of [X] when the title originates from a placename and Pillai is added as a suffix when the title comes from descent. In either case, he is referred to as Pillai [X] . Women can hold

3240-506: The heart of the town, which was built to commemorate the visit of Sri Moolam Thirunal, the ruler of Travancore , in 1893, and was designed by Hogeorf and S. Horesly of England. The Maharajah himself inaugurated it on 15 February of that year. The pendulum of the clock was made in Derbyshire by Smith of Derby Group, London . The clock is attached to a 60-foot-long chain with a weight, operated with pulleys through gravitational force. The clock in

3312-685: The highest positions below the Royal Household, being the Kaimal (Chancellor), the Kurup of Travancore (High Steward) and the Valia Sarvadhikaryakkar (Justice-General and Prime Minister). Pandara Pillamar : Royal pages; they also formed the primary officers of the Maharajah's Bodyguard before 1730. The brigade existed till 1950 but consisted of European trained officers post 1730. Managers of these 7 royal Pillais called Kanakku Pilla, who cannot use

3384-519: The house but soon he was assassinated as well. She then adopted one boy and two girls from the Kolathunadu Royal House, the cousin family of the Venad House, from the family called Pally Kovilakam in 1684 just before her regency closed and her surviving son Ravi Varma became king. He adopted in 1689 two princesses and princes from Kolathunadu including Rajah Rama Varma . Marthanda Varma ,

3456-566: The king openly and bringing more and more Madampis or nobles under their influence. The Ettuveetil Pillaimar, aided by the Ettara Yogam , became the supreme power in Travancore to such an extent that the sovereign needed their permission even to construct a palace for himself at his capital. With so much power in their hands they wished to do away with the Royal House. The earlier chroniclers of Travancore history state that their chief intention

3528-481: The king's men but in none of these are the Pillamar mentioned. Another contradiction lies in the statement that since the 16th century the kings were mere puppets of the Yogam and Pillamar. During this period the Venad kings won victories over the mighty Vijayanagar Empire and the Thirumala Nayaks, which, it is asserted, could not have been possible under a puppet king. A major disagreement is registered regarding

3600-464: The land for a period of two centuries and more Later historians, with many more records available, have disputed the traditional stories, which were based on legend and folklore. While there is no doubt about the existence of anti-royal nobles before Marthanda Varma , as well as frequent conflicts between the Sri Padmanabhaswamy Temple managers and the king, many of the events of the past were found to be entirely false. The temple lands were managed by

3672-500: The last king of Venad and the first king of Travancore . was born in 1706 to the younger of the two adopted princesses of 1689. Right from his childhood he had to live constantly in hiding, due to the Pillamar. Several assassination bids were made on his life. In 1728 an assassination attempt was made on the life of his sister and her son, the later Dharma Raja . However it was in 1729, when the Rajah Rama Varma , died that actual war

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3744-467: The latter title in their own right and her husband does not have a title (unless he has one in his own right). The nephews of a Pillai, are entitled to use a courtesy title , usually the highest of his uncle's lesser titles (if any). The heir to a Pillaidom, and indeed any level of aristocratic peerage, is styled Senior (Mootha) Pillai of [X] , and successive nephews as Junior (Elaya) Pillai of [X] . Commoners were to address Pillais as Thampuran or with

3816-480: The line of succession. Thus many of the crimes for which the Pillamar are said to have been punished were positively disproved. It is clear that there did exist refractory nobles of immense power and that Marthanda Varma did put an end to their authority and made that of the king supreme, but most of the stories about the Pillamar were found to be false. Bibliography Pillai (Kerala title) Pillai , ( Malayalam: [piɭːai̯] ) meaning Prince ,

3888-764: The only six incubation centers for Space Startups in India, is under construction in Nagercoil. The Integral Coach Factory has a small scale windmill unit. The export of 95 tons of fruits and vegetables to the Gulf Countries through the Thiruvananthapuram airports is a major source of revenue for the city, with food processing companies generating a daily revenue of ₹16.7 lakh and an annual revenue of ₹6.1 billion. The flower market of Thovalai exports 350 tons of Flowers to Kerala, Europe and Middle Eastern countries generating an annual revenue of ₹250 crore . The major cottage industries like Fish-net manufacturing, Rubber industries, Jewellery manufacturing are industries serving

3960-455: The peishcars (those who assumed responsibility for the collector/magistrate/police superintendent) and proverticars (village officers). An official defining characteristic of a Pillai still consisted of the receipt of the revenues of justice of a desom, which later became a fixed sum. Many still held large estates that were absolute tax-free freeholds. Pillais ( Dukes ), Madampis (Barons) and Naluvitans (Minor- Barons or Baronets) of venad held

4032-410: The place and collected taxes. In wartime, they led the king's armies. Some desoms were grouped together under a Prince into larger units that represented earlier independent kingdoms. Many Pillais originally functioned essentially as royal governors. Their absolute powers declined since the seizure of power and the creation of the state of Travancore under royal authority by King Marthanda Varma in

4104-465: The principal town in South Travancore, and now , as in the time of the Greeks, distinguished for its commerce. The name of the place is derived from ‘ Kôd-u, ' Tam., a line of circumvallation, a fortification , and “ ârú, ' a river. It is a rule in the Tamil and the Malayalam , that when a word like ‘Kôd is the first member of a compound, the final ' ' must be doubled for the purpose of giving the word

4176-441: The records show the Yogam applying to the king for permission in trivial matters such as appointment of Temple sweepers. Another contradiction found is in the fact that the Pillamar influenced the tenants of the temple lands. However the temple lands all lay to the south of Thiruvananthapuram where there were other influential nobles, whereas the bulk of the Pillamar lived to the north. Records show clashes between Temple managers and

4248-528: The south, between Balaramapuram and Kovalam. Ettuveetil Pillamar were the leaders of the land and ‘tharakootams’ known as ‘Arunootavar’ (the military setup of Nairs ) established for maintaining law and justice in Venad (kingdom) . They were the Governors of provinces of the country. They had the power to exercise control over the king also. They gradually grew from landlords to powerful chiefs and allied themselves with

4320-532: The state's renewable electricity needs. Muppandhal has emerged as the wind power hub, with plant owners eager to cash in on the ₹2.90 per unit purchase price being offered by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board . The architecture of Nagercoil consists of an eclectic combination of architectural styles, ranging from those that predate the creation of the town, from the early Dravidian architecture and Kerala Architecture , to English Gothic Revival , to

4392-641: The suffix Achan "Pillai Achan". Nagercoil Nagercoil , also spelt as Nagarkovil ("Temple of the Nāgas ", or Nagaraja-Temple), is a city and the administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu state, India. Situated close to the tip of the Indian peninsula , it lies on an undulating terrain between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea . The present city of Nagercoil grew around Kottar ,

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4464-399: The ten days of Navratri festival, they return to the respective temples with great celebrations. There are three main bus stands in the city. In addition to the bus bays, the terminus houses essential facilities such as a reservation counter for ticketing services. It also includes numerous commercial and refreshment outlets, providing amenities to travelers and visitors alike. Overall,

4536-783: The terminus plays a crucial role in the transportation infrastructure of Nagercoil, offering convenience and connectivity for passengers traveling within the state and to neighboring Kerala. Frequent bus services to Marthandam , Thiruvananthapuram , Valliyur , Tirunelveli , Kovilpatti , Virudhunagar , Madurai , Karaikudi , Dindigul , Thoothukudi , Tiruchendur available from here. Also scheduled long distances buses to Chennai , Salem , Krishnagiri , Hosur , Bengaluru , Palani , Pollachi , Tiruppur , Ooty , Thanjavur , Nagapattinam , Velankanni , Kodaikanal , Trichy , Ariyalur , Virudhachalam , Kumbakonam , Chidambaram , Cuddalore , Puducherry , Pudukkottai , Thanjavur , Vellore , Chittoor , Tirupathi operated from here. The terminus

4608-567: The title of Pillai . They held their titles in perpetuity along with their family names rather than with their personal names. Their family names were derived from the areas they administered. According to Mark de Lannoy, at one time, prominent Pillais included six Nairs , a Brahmin (Pillai Idathara Potti) and a Kshatriya (Pillai Ilampel Pandarathil). The most influential among them were Ettuveettil pillamar . The Queen of Travancore would take husbands from among these Lords. The hierarchy or order of titles of Venad 1. Varma - Members of

4680-591: The town's old heritage structures like the Nagaraja Temple, Nagercoil . The temple has two main deities, Krishna (revered as Ananda Krishna) and Nagaraja. The upadevathas are Shiva, Subrahmanya Swami, Ganesha, Devi, and Dwarapalaka. As an ancient tradition, the priests are Namboothiri Brahmins who are referred by the Pambumekkat mana in Thrissur, Kerala. Later on, Dravidian and Kerala architectural styles began to appear in

4752-537: The town. Nagercoil is also the nearest city to the ISRO Propulsion Complex , Mahendragiri and the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant . The city, along with the district of Kanyakumari, stands at the top in many Human Development Index parameters in Tamil Nadu state, including education, per capita income, health indices, etc. The municipality of Nagercoil was upgraded as a Municipal corporation on

4824-435: Was also one among the important spice-trading centers in the kingdom of Travancore from the 14th century onward, and maintained a trade network with Arab merchants from the pre-Islamic era. Various Tamil and Kerala kings fought over this rich agricultural land, which boasted six rivers. Various historians cite that the land's climate and diverse, luxuriant vegetation had no comparison anywhere else in Tamil Nadu. According to

4896-495: Was appreciated by the king, Unni Kerala Varma. In recognition of Xavier's services, the king allotted him a piece of land to construct a Catholic church, as a gesture of goodwill, as per the church records. There was already a small church, in the same place where St. Xavier's church stands at present, dedicated to Mary the Mother of God, since AD 1544. The brilliant artistic influence of Kerala and British architecture marvels are seen in

4968-477: Was declared. The late Rajah left two sons, Padmanabhan and Raman Thampi and a daughter Ummini Thankachi. These children of the late king known as the Kunju Thampis now staked claim to the throne, in spite of the prevailing Marumakkathayam law (which said that a king would be succeeded by his sister's eldest son). Recognizing a dangerous foe in the intelligent and decisive Marthanda Varma, the Pillamar supported

5040-533: Was submitted to the Maharaja Sree Moolam Thirunal by the barrister Parameswaran Pillai on behalf of the people of Kerala, demanding administrative reforms, primarily better representation of the former ruling castes of Kerala in the new administrative machinery of the state. In 1948, shortly after Indian Independence and Travancore's accession to the Indian Union, a people's government was formed by

5112-441: Was then on granted to an individual for life upon payment of a fee known as "Adiyara" whose successors including women would be by courtesy titled Pillais. Inspire of this, to subdue the influence of these nobles , Marthanda Varma was to invent more new titles. The new hierarchy or order of titles of Travancore 1. Chempakaraman Pilla - Head of Nobles 2. Meleluttu Pillai - Accountant General 3. Rayasam Pillai - Keeper of

5184-484: Was to extirpate the Royal House and convert the state into a pseudo-republic under their control, and eventually under a monarchy under one of themselves. With this in mind they plotted and assassinated Maharajah Aditya Varma by poisoning him and set the Palace on fire. After Aditya Varma's assassination his niece Umayamma Rani became the regent. The Pillamar approached her with condolences and vowed to support her. But within

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