104-595: Keston is a village in Greater London , England , located within the London Borough of Bromley , Greater London . Prior to 1965 it was within the historic county of Kent . It is part suburban , part rural in nature and lies on the edge of Hayes Common , just beyond the London conurbation to the south of Bromley Common . It includes the small hamlet of Nash to the southwest. The northern, more suburban part of Keston
208-526: A Domesday Commissioner; he built Tutbury Castle and Duffield Castle and had large holdings in Derbyshire as well as 17 other counties. Robert de Ferrers, 1st Earl of Derby (1062–1139) was created Earl of Derby by King Stephen in 1138 for his valiant conduct at the Battle of Northallerton . He was married to Hawise de Vitre and died in 1139. His son Robert de Ferrers, 2nd Earl of Derby (?–bef.1160) became
312-490: A smock mill known as Olive's Mill, built in 1824 and burnt down between 1878 and 1885, and a third mill, which stood at Holwood Park. A small private church dedicated to St. Audrey was built by Lord Sackville Cecil, son of the Marquess of Salisbury , on the site of Olive's Mill in 1889. The church and other mill premises came into the possession of the parish in 1908, and since 1925 the former Olive's Mill House has been used as
416-623: A central authority for strategic functions. The London Traffic Act 1924 was a result of the commission. Reform of local government in the County of London and its environs was next considered by the Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London , chaired by Sir Edwin Herbert , which issued the 'Herbert Report' after three years of work in 1960. The commission applied three tests to decide if
520-489: A community should form part of Greater London: how strong is the area as an independent centre in its own right; how strong are its ties to London; and how strongly is it drawn outwards towards the country rather than inwards towards London. Greater London was created by the London Government Act 1963 , which came into force on 1 April 1965, replacing the administrative counties of Middlesex and London , including
624-564: A cricket ground. The River Ravensbourne rises at Caesar's Well via Keston Ponds. The Ravensbourne is 11 miles (18 kilometres) in length and flows through the London Boroughs of Bromley , Lewisham and Greenwich . Since 1991, Quaggy Waterways Action Group (QWAG) have spent millions maintaining the River Ravensbourne. The "London LOOP" walk passes the ponds on its way from Farnborough to West Wickham. Every year on 1 May at 05:32,
728-604: A daughter and two sons, both of whom succeeded to the earldom. The eldest son Edward Henry , was a prominent politician and served under his father as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Foreign Secretary . He became Foreign Secretary again under Benjamin Disraeli . In 1880 he joined the Liberal Party and was Colonial Secretary under William Gladstone between 1882 and 1885. His younger brother and successor, Frederick Arthur Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby ,
832-672: A descendant of Peter Stanley, younger son of the second Baronet, sat as Member of Parliament for Somerset West and Bridgwater . The Earl of Derby owns Knowsley Hall and Greenhalgh Castle ; they were the Lords of Mann , i.e. of the Isle of Man from 1405 until 1594. Several Earls of Derby are buried in St. Mary's Church, Knowsley. Others are buried in the Derby Chapel at Ormskirk Parish Church . The Barons Stanley of Alderley are members of another branch of
936-455: A population of between 12 and 13 million depending on the definition of that area. According to Eurostat, London has been the most populous city and metropolitan area of the European Union . The region covers an area of 1,579 square kilometres. The population density is 4,761 people per square kilometre, more than ten times that of any other British region. In terms of population, London is
1040-532: A property of the same name, which stood on the opposite side of Croydon Road and is now occupied by houses in the vicinity of Cedar Crescent) later became the Keston Park Hotel. It was taken down in the 1960s. The site is now developed as Keston Park Close. The stables of the old Keston Lodge remained until the late 1970s when they too were demolished to make way for three new houses in Forest Ridge. Keston Lodge
1144-521: A seat bought by his father, Windsor and Lancashire North . In 1844 he was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Stanley. Although at first a Whig , he later became a Tory and served three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . Lord Derby was married to Emma Wilbraham, daughter of Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 1st Baron Skelmersdale . They had
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#17328558657961248-508: A small hamlet situated to the north-east of Keston village, at the junction of Croydon Road and Westerham Road/Oakley Road; it was called Keston Mark as it lay on the border ('march' or 'mark') of Keston proper. This area was more heavily developed in the 20th century, and it now effectively forms a suburban continuation of Locksbottom and Bromley Common . Keston Park is a gated community covering an area of approximately 140 acres (55 hectares) with approximately 200 residential properties. It
1352-554: A very elaborate cross and inscribed "The Keston Marke: IN HOC SIGNO VINCES ", so the parish has a distinctive symbol instead. The slavery abolitionist William Wilberforce was a frequent visitor to the area as his close friend, the Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger , lived at Holwood Park . It was on top of the vale of Keston near to an oak tree that he discussed the abolition of slavery with his friend, Pitt. Only
1456-562: Is a title in the Peerage of England . The title was first adopted by Robert de Ferrers, 1st Earl of Derby , under a creation of 1139. It continued with the Ferrers family until the 6th Earl forfeited his property toward the end of the reign of Henry III and died in 1279. Most of the Ferrers property and (by a creation in 1337) the Derby title were then held by the family of Henry III. The title merged in
1560-661: Is bounded by Westerham Road to the west, Croydon Road to the north and Farnborough Common to the north east. The land on which the Park stands was part of the Holwood Estate owned by the Earl of Derby . Its most famous past resident is former prime minister Margaret Thatcher who with her late husband Denis raised their children, Mark and Carol . Others residents include Rolling Stone, Bill Wyman , Arsenal and England footballer, Kenny Sansom , founder of Direct Line , Peter Wood and some of
1664-514: Is commonly regarded as a city in the general senses of a conurbation and a municipality. A Lord Lieutenant of Greater London is appointed for its area, excluding the City of London. For the purposes of the Lieutenancies Act 1997 , this area is defined as a county . The term "London" usually refers to region or to the conurbation, but not often to the ancient, tiny City of London. That small area
1768-564: Is divided into five sub-regions . Greater London is divided into 32 London Boroughs, each governed by a London Borough council. The City of London has a unique government dating back to the 12th century and is separate from the county of Greater London, although is still part of the region served by the Greater London Authority. All London Borough councils belong to the London Councils association. Three London Boroughs carry
1872-684: Is explained by the quantity of independent schools getting good A-level results. The state school system is often bypassed at age 16 by the more able pupils. Some London boroughs need more good sixth form colleges. The region's 34 further education colleges are funded through the Skills Funding Agency and the Young People's Learning Agency . Large colleges include Kingston College , Havering College of Further and Higher Education , and Croydon College . Earl of Derby Earl of Derby ( / ˈ d ɑːr b i / DAR -bee )
1976-808: Is home to sizeable Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Muslim and Jewish communities. Many Muslims live in Tower Hamlets and Newham ; the most important Muslim buildings are the East London Mosque in Whitechapel and the London Central Mosque on the edge of Regent's Park . London's large Hindu community is in the north-western boroughs of Harrow and Brent, the latter containing one of Europe's largest Hindu temples, BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London . Sikh communities are in East and West London, particularly Southall in
2080-501: Is in the administrative county of Greater London and the Transport for London zone. It is served by several London Buses bus services from London with multiple routes serving Keston Village, two stopping in the village itself and another four which stop within a ten minutes walk at Keston Mark: Greater London Greater London is an administrative area in England, coterminous with
2184-531: Is often referred to as "the City" or "the Square Mile" and it forms the main financial district. Archaically, the urbanised area of London was known as the Metropolis . In common usage, the terms "London" and "Greater London" are usually used interchangeably. Greater London is officially divided for some purposes, with varying definitions, into Inner London and Outer London . For some strategic planning purposes, it
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#17328558657962288-400: Is older than the rest of the houses on the Park. Close behind it are the walls of the old kitchen garden and greenhouses which used to serve the estate. The garden and greenhouses covered a substantial area and incorporated two ponds in the run of the stream between Forest Drive and Forest Ridge. Further west is the old pavilion, which dates from the time when the lower part of Longdon Wood was
2392-489: Is only slightly smaller, with an area of 1,569 km (606 sq mi) and a population of 8,855,333 in 2022. The area is almost entirely urbanised and contains the majority of the Greater London Built-up Area , which extends into Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Berkshire and in 2011 had a population of 9,787,426. None of the administrative area, region, or ceremonial county hold city status , but
2496-612: Is responsible for Greater London's strategic planning and is required to produce or amend the London Plan each electoral cycle. The Mayor of London is a directly elected politician who, along with the London Assembly, is responsible for the strategic government of Greater London. For elections to the London Assembly , London is divided into 14 constituencies, each formed from two or three boroughs. The City of London forms part of
2600-538: Is sometimes referred to as Keston Mark . Flint implements and pit dwellings on Keston and Hayes Commons show occupation of the area back to at least 3000 BCE, and there are Iron Age encampments in Holwood Park and on Keston Common. In the valley below the village are the ruins of a complex of 3rd century AD Roman tombs and mausolea ( 51°21′04″N 0°01′48″E / 51.3511068°N 0.0299549°E / 51.3511068; 0.0299549 ) connected with
2704-618: Is the son of Hugh Henry Montagu Stanley, younger brother of the 18th Earl. The Stanley baronetcy , of Bickerstaffe in the County Palatine of Lancaster, was created in the Baronetage of England in 1627 for Edward Stanley . He was the great-grandson of the Hon. Sir James Stanley, of Cross Hall, Lathom , younger brother of the second Earl of Derby. This branch of the family is known as the "Stanleys of Bickerstaffe". Sir Edward Stanley's great-grandson,
2808-640: The 12th Earl ; the Stanley Cup , the championship trophy of the National Hockey League , presented to the Dominion of Canada in 1892 by the 16th Earl , during his tenure as Governor General of Canada ; and the Lord Derby Cup , contested by French rugby league clubs, donated by the 17th Earl , a former British ambassador to Paris. The term "local derby" in sport, referring to a contest between rivals in
2912-401: The Battle of Bosworth Field where Thomas decided to betray King Richard III . The title may derive from the family's extensive lands in the hundred of West Derby , Lancashire , rather than the county or city of Derby . His eldest son and heir apparent George Stanley , Lord Stanley (commonly called Lord Strange), married Joan Strange, 9th Baroness Strange and 5th Baroness Mohun , and
3016-522: The City and East constituency. London is divided into 73 Parliamentary borough constituencies , formed from the combined area of several wards from one or more boroughs. Typically a borough is covered by two or three constituencies. The London Region does not have city status granted by the Crown. The Cities of London and Westminster within it have received formal city status. Despite this, Greater London
3120-538: The City of London , where the London County Council had limited powers, and absorbing parts of Essex , Hertfordshire , Kent and Surrey . Greater London originally had a two-tier system of local government, with the Greater London Council (GLC) sharing power with the City of London Corporation (governing the small City of London) and the 32 London Borough councils. The GLC was abolished in 1986 by
3224-411: The City of London Corporation . Greater London is bordered by the ceremonial counties of Hertfordshire to the north, Essex to the north-east, Kent to the south-east, Surrey to the south, and Berkshire and Buckinghamshire to the west. Greater London has a land area of 1,572 km (607 sq mi) and an estimated population of 8,866,180 in 2022. The ceremonial county of Greater London
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3328-624: The Conservative Party , and at least one historian has suggested that this family rivals the Cecils (Marquesses of Salisbury) as the single most important family in the party's history. They were at times one of the richest landowning families in England. The Earls of Derby have given their name to a number of sporting events: the Epsom Derby (usually known simply as the Derby) in horse racing, named for
3432-911: The Duchy of Lancaster . Through one line the descent of the Earls of Derby eventually gave rise to the Earls Ferrers . Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers , was the only peer of the realm to be hanged for murder. Another familial line takes in the Baron Ferrers of Chartley descent. NOTE HOWEVER: This lineage conflicts with Burke (1831) (pp. 192–194) In that volume he gives the lineage as: The large estates which were taken from Robert in 1266 were given by Henry III to his son, Edmund Crouchback ; and his son, Thomas, Earl of Lancaster , also called himself Earl Ferrers. In 1337 Edmund's grandson, Henry of Grosmont ( c. 1310 – 1361), afterwards Duke of Lancaster ,
3536-466: The Earl of Derby , and Seismograph Service Ltd. The Keston Institute , now at Oxford , was so named because for some years from the early 1970s it was located (as Keston College) in the former parish school on Keston Common . Its archive is at the Keston Centre for Religion Politics and Society at Baylor University , Texas , so the parish's name has spread surprisingly far. There was historically
3640-605: The European Union . Irish people, from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, number about 200,000, as do the Scots and Welsh combined. In January 2005, a survey of London's ethnic and religious diversity claimed that there were more than 300 languages spoken and more than 50 non-indigenous communities with a population of more than 10,000. Figures from the Office for National Statistics show that in 2006 London's foreign-born population
3744-569: The Greyhound on Commonside. The latter is well-known locally as the venue for the Boxing Day performance of the local Morris Dancing side, the Ravensbourne Morris Men who have performed there, collecting for charity, since a visit in 1963 to Keston by Richard Chamberlain . Keston has had three windmills over the centuries: the post mill built in 1716 that still stands on Keston Common,
3848-726: The Isle of Man and established it as a Royalist stronghold. He was beheaded in Bolton , Lancashire by the Parliament forces in 1651. His wife was Charlotte de la Trémouille , daughter of Claude de la Trémoille, Duc de Thouars , who is known as the heroine who defended Lathom House in 1644 and the Isle of Man in 1651. Their son Charles became the 8th Earl. He served as Lord Lieutenant of both Cheshire and Lancashire. Lord Derby married Dorothea Helena Kirkhoven, daughter of Jehan Kirkhoven, Lord of Heenvliet (in South Holland ) and Baron de Rupa of
3952-526: The Local Government Act 1985 . Its functions were devolved to the City Corporation and the London Boroughs, with some functions transferred to central government and joint boards. Greater London formed the London region in 1994. The 1998 London referendum established a public will to recreate an upper tier of government to cover the region. The Greater London Authority , London Assembly and
4056-753: The London Assembly , and an executive head, the Mayor of London . The current Mayor (not to be confused with the Lord Mayor of London ) is Sadiq Khan . He is scrutinised by the elected London Assembly , which may amend his annual budget (by two-thirds majority) but otherwise lacks the power to block his directives. The headquarters of the GLA, previously at City Hall in Southwark , moved to The Crystal in Newham in January 2022. The Mayor
4160-463: The London region , containing most of the continuous urban area of London . It contains 33 local government districts : the 32 London boroughs , which form a ceremonial county also called Greater London , and the City of London . The Greater London Authority is responsible for strategic local government across the region, and regular local government is the responsibility of the borough councils and
4264-541: The Lord Derby Cup , given each year to the winners of the French rugby league knockout competition. Lord Derby married Alice Montagu daughter of William Drogo Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester . A pair of Memorial Gates were erected in 1958 on Knowsley Lane on the Knowsley Estate in his memory. His two sons, Edward Stanley, Lord Stanley , and the Hon. Oliver Stanley both became Conservative politicians and served together in
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4368-473: The Stanley Cup , to be awarded to the "championship hockey club of the Dominion of Canada" each year. Lord Derby was married to Lady Constance Villiers, daughter of George William Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon . He was succeeded by his son Edward , the seventeenth Earl. Like many of his ancestors he was a politician and notably served as Secretary of State for War . He was also Ambassador to France , and during this time followed his father's lead by donating
4472-598: The Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ). The London postal district does not cover all of Greater London. Sadiq Khan ( L ) Statutory Deputy Mayor Joanne McCartney ( L/Co ) London Assembly Lord Mayor Peter Estlin London boroughs ( list ) Vacant Greater London is under the strategic local governance of the Greater London Authority (GLA). It consists of an elected assembly,
4576-549: The YouTube stars KSI, Miniminter, Vikkstar123 and Zerkaa, who are part of the YouTube supergroup SIDEMEN ., Nobel Prize winner for medicine Sir John Vane , chef Gary Rhodes , founder of Pimlico Plumbers Charlie Mullins , Tennis Player and TV Presenter Annabelle Croft . When Frederick Rogers bought 143 acres (58 hectares) of land from the Earl of Derby on 9 January 1923 for £6000, it was for
4680-468: The 11th Earl of Derby (see below for earlier history of the baronetcy). He had previously represented Lancashire in Parliament and after he succeeded in the earldom he served as Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire. Lord Derby married Elizabeth Hesketh. His residence was Bickerstaffe Hall near Ormskirk , Lancashire . The 11th Earl's younger brother was the Hon. and Rev. John Stanley, Rector of Bury Parish Church 1743–1778. Edward's eldest son, James, Lord Stanley,
4784-514: The 1750s, Grade II listed and now called Holwood Mansion) and the old lodges, there are still some physical remains of the Keston Lodge Estate. There are also three fishponds on Keston Common, adjacent to Fishponds Road. The ponds were constructed in the early 19th century to provide a water supply to Holwood House, and are now part of popular recreational area and part of Keston Common. Jesmond Cottage, now renamed Bushwood at 30 Forest Drive,
4888-463: The 1920s). It has now surpassed the previous 1939 peak, and is over 9 million. Figures here are for Greater London in its 2001 boundaries. Figures before 1971 have been reconstructed by the Office for National Statistics based on past censuses to fit the 2001 boundaries. Figures from 1981 onward are mid-year estimates (revised in August 2007), which are more accurate than the censuses, known to underestimate
4992-421: The 1969 transfers of Farleigh to Surrey and Knockholt to Kent. Others have included exchange of two Thames islands with Surrey and adjustments during the 1990s to parts of the boundaries of three boroughs near the M25 . The only part of Greater London outside the motorway is North Ockendon , the furthest land unit from its centre. The majority of Greater London forms the London Low Emission Zone (LEZ) and
5096-424: The 1st Earl's father in 1456 and currently abeyant; the 2nd to 5th Earls held the Barony of Strange created in 1299, currently held by the Viscounts St Davids ; and the 7th to 9th Earls held another Barony of Strange, created in error in 1628 and currently held independently of other peerages. Several successive generations of the Stanley Earls, along with other members of the family, have been prominent members of
5200-949: The 25th largest city and the 17th largest metropolitan region in the world. It is ranked 4th in the world in the number of US dollar billionaires residing in the city. It ranks as one of the most expensive cities in the world, alongside Tokyo and Moscow . In the 2001 UK Census, 71.15% of the population classed their ethnic group as White, including White British (59.79%), White Irish (3.07%) or "Other White" (8.29%, mostly Greek-Cypriot, Italian, Polish and Portuguese). 12.09% classed themselves as British Asian, including Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and "Other Asian" (mostly Sri Lankan, Arab and other Southern Asian ethnicities). 10.91% classed themselves as Black British (around 6% as Black African, 4% as Black Caribbean, 0.84% as "Other Black"). 3.15% were of mixed race; 1.12% as Chinese; and 1.58% as other (mostly Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and other "British Orientals"). 21.8% of inhabitants were born outside
5304-486: The British armed forces in Germany. London has been a focus for immigration for centuries, whether as a place of safety or for economic reasons. Huguenots , Eastern European Jews, Cypriots and East African Asians are examples of the former; Irish, Bangladeshis and West Indians of the latter. The East End district around Spitalfields has been first home for several ethnic groups, which have subsequently moved elsewhere in London as they gained prosperity. The population of
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#17328558657965408-457: The City and Southwark Cathedral south of the river are Anglican administrative centres, while the clerical head of the Church of England and the worldwide Anglican Communion , the Archbishop of Canterbury , has his main residence at Lambeth Palace in the London Borough of Lambeth . Important national and royal ceremonies are shared between St Paul's and Westminster Abbey . The Abbey is not to be confused with nearby Westminster Cathedral ,
5512-484: The City of London and City of Westminster separately do. The area was historically part of Middlesex , Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire. The River Thames is the defining geographic feature of the area, entering it near Hampton in the west and flowing east before exiting downstream of Dagenham . Several tributaries of the Thames flow through the area, but are now mostly culverted and form part of London's sewerage system . The land immediately north and south of
5616-457: The City of London and the 32 London boroughs, since the 1990 enactment of the Education Reform Act 1988 . From 1965 to 1990, 12 Inner London boroughs and the City of London were served by the Inner London Education Authority . The introduction of comprehensive schools , directed by Circular 10/65 in 1965, was mostly followed in Greater London; however, 19 grammar schools have been retained in some Outer London boroughs, with Sutton having
5720-471: The Crown upon Henry IV 's accession to the throne in 1399. The title was created again, this time for the Stanley family , in 1485. Lord Derby's subsidiary titles are Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe in the County Palatine of Lancaster (created 1832), and Baron Stanley of Preston in the County Palatine of Lancaster (1886). The courtesy title of the heir apparent is Lord Stanley . The 1st to 5th Earls also held an earlier Barony of Stanley , created for
5824-426: The GDP of Outer London to be 103 billion euros in 2009 and per capita GDP of 21,460 euros. The largest religious groupings are Christian (48.4%), Muslim (8.4%), Hindu (8.0%), Jewish (1.8%), Sikh (1.5%), and Buddhist (1.0%), alongside those of no religion (21.7%). The United Kingdom has traditionally been Christian, and London has a large number of churches, particularly in the city. St Paul's Cathedral in
5928-461: The Greater London Arterial Road Programme, devised between 1913 and 1916, and the Greater London Planning Region, devised in 1927, which occupied 1,856 square miles (4,810 km ) and included 9 million people. Although the London County Council (LCC) and County of London were created in 1889, the area did not cover all of London. London's built-up area, postal district , transport network and Metropolitan Police District, extended vastly beyond
6032-402: The Netherlands. They had two sons who both succeeded to the earldom. The 8th Earl's eldest son William Richard George became the 9th Earl. He was also Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire and Lancashire. He married Elizabeth Butler, daughter of Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory , and sister of James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde . He had two daughters and one son. He outlived his son and on his death in 1702,
6136-415: The Ravensbourne Morris Men dance up the Beltane Sunrise at Caesar's Well, the source of the Ravensbourne River. Following the conversion of the Keston Mark to residential accommodation, Keston has three pubs . The Two Doves in Oakley Road lies between the village and Bromley Common , with the remaining two being in the village itself and within sight of each other; The Fox Inn on Heathfield Road and
6240-437: The UK, with "a huge majority of them living in London"). Though a Polish community has existed in London since the late-Middle Ages, it was not significant in the 2001 Census but has grown significantly since 2004, when Poland joined the European Union and by June 2010; London had 122,000 Polish residents. The German-born population figure may be misleading, however, because it includes British nationals born to parents serving in
6344-419: The barony of Strange fell into abeyance between his daughters. He was succeeded in the earldom by his younger brother, James , the tenth Earl. He was a politician and served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard . Like many of his predecessors, he was also Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire and Lancashire. In 1732 he succeeded his great-niece as 6th Baron Strange. Lord Derby
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#17328558657966448-406: The best GCSE results in England, at A-level it is not even above average. Sutton gets the best A-level results in London and in England. Three of the schools in the top four at A-level in London are in Sutton. It has only one independent school. The few other boroughs with above-average A-level results are Havering, Barnet, Bexley, Redbridge, and Ealing. The poor A-level results in many London boroughs
6552-426: The best results for regions of England. Greater London is generally a prosperous region, and prosperous areas generally have good GCSE results. The City of London has no state schools, just two independent schools. Haringey and Kensington and Chelsea have the most people that pass no GCSEs. At A-level, the average results for LEAs are disappointing compared to their good GCSE results. Although Kingston upon Thames gets
6656-401: The boroughs. The Greater London Authority was formed in 2000. The term "Greater London" was used before it was established by statute in 1965. It referred to the Metropolitan Police District , the area served by the Metropolitan Water Board , the London Passenger Transport Area , and the area defined by the Registrar General as the "Greater London Conurbation". The term was also used for
6760-417: The boundaries of the new administrative county. Many of the LCC housing projects, including the vast Becontree Estates , were also outside its boundaries. The LCC pressed for an alteration in its boundaries soon after the end of the First World War , noting that within the Metropolitan and City Police Districts there were 122 housing authorities. A Royal Commission on London Government was set up to consider
6864-643: The coronation of Queen Mary of England in 1553 and was Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire and Lancashire . Lord Derby was married four times. His second wife Dorothy Howard, daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk , supplied his heir Henry , the fourth Earl. He served as Ambassador to France and was one of the peers at the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots , in 1586. Lord Derby married Margaret Clifford, daughter of Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland , and his wife Eleanor, younger daughter of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk , and his wife Mary Tudor , daughter of King Henry VII. Both Lord Derby's sons succeeded to
6968-406: The current area of Greater London rose from about 1.1 million in 1801 (when only about 850,000 people were in the urban area, while 250,000 were living in villages and towns not yet part of London) to an estimated 8.6 million in 1939, but declined to 6.7 million in 1988, before starting to rebound in the 1990s. By 2006, the population had recovered to the level of 1970 (and the level of population in
7072-453: The directly elected Mayor of London were created in 2000 by the Greater London Authority Act 1999 . In 2000, the outer boundary of the Metropolitan Police District was re-aligned to the Greater London boundary. The 2000 and 2004 mayoral elections were won by Ken Livingstone , who had been the final leader of the GLC. The 2008 and 2012 elections were won by Boris Johnson . The 2016, 2021 and 2024 elections were won by Sadiq Khan . London
7176-432: The earldom on his father's death. In 1628, during his father's lifetime, he was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration as Lord Strange, as it was believed that his father held this title. When it was discovered that this was a mistake, the House of Lords decided that there were two baronies of Strange, the original 1299 creation and the new, 1628 creation. James was a staunch Royalist. In 1643 he moved to
7280-424: The earldom. The eldest son Ferdinando , the fifth Earl, was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Strange in 1589. He also built Leasowe Castle , probably as an observation platform for watching horse races on the nearby sands. Lord Derby married Alice Spencer but was without male issue. He died under mysterious circumstances and some have claimed that he
7384-440: The fourth Baronet, represented Preston in Parliament. His son, the aforementioned fifth Baronet, succeeded as eleventh Earl of Derby in 1736. For further history of the baronetcy, see above. James Stanley , son of the first Earl, became Bishop of Ely in 1506. He sent a small army into the Battle of Flodden , commanded by his alleged son Sir John Stanley who later entered the monastery of Westminster Abbey . Edward Stanley ,
7488-534: The honorific title of Royal Borough : Kensington and Chelsea , Kingston , and Greenwich . Within the City of London are the liberties of Middle Temple and Inner Temple . With increasing industrialisation, London's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and it was the most populated city in the world until overtaken by New York in 1925. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939. There were an estimated 7,753,600 official residents in mid-2009. London's wider metropolitan area has
7592-577: The issue. The LCC proposed a vast new area for Greater London, with a boundary somewhere between the Metropolitan Police District and the home counties . Protests were made at the possibility of including Windsor , Slough and Eton in the authority. The commission made its report in 1923, rejecting the LCC's scheme. Two minority reports favoured change beyond the amalgamation of smaller urban districts, including both smaller borough councils and
7696-487: The largest Roman Catholic cathedral in England and Wales. Religious practice in London is lower than in any other part of the UK or Western Europe and is around seven times lower than American averages. Despite the prevalence of Anglican churches, weekly observance is low within that denomination , although in recent years church attendance , particularly at evangelical Anglican churches in London, has started to increase. London
7800-415: The line of the north carriageway from Holwood House. According to some early maps the north carriageway was used as the principal entrance to Holwood House. There was a further access onto Croydon Road and another lodge house at Poynters Lodge near Gap House. Access is now gained to Holwood House along the west carriageway which comes out into Westerham Road at Bowens Lodge. As well as Holwood House (built in
7904-492: The most with five, followed by Bexley with four and others in five other boroughs. In these boroughs the state schools outperform the (relatively few) independent schools. In inner London, private schools always get the best results and are larger in number. At GCSE and A level , Outer London boroughs have broadly better results than Inner London boroughs. At GCSE, the best borough is Kingston upon Thames, closely followed by Sutton. Both boroughs have selective schools, and get
8008-481: The name Stanley. Sir Thomas Stanley served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and represented Lancashire in the House of Commons . In 1456 he was summoned to the House of Lords as Lord Stanley . His eldest son Thomas Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley , married Lady Margaret Beaufort , the mother of King Henry VII , and also Eleanor Nevill. The title of Earl of Derby was conferred on him in 1485 by his stepson Henry VII after
8112-429: The nearby 1st - 4th century AD Roman villa excavated 1967-1992 ( 51°21′02″N 0°01′44″E / 51.3506679°N 0.0287962°E / 51.3506679; 0.0287962 ). Sited closer to the original Keston Court than the main village itself, Keston's small medieval church is unusual in that does not have a dedication to a saint; but built into the altar-table is the top of the 17th-century altar inlaid with
8216-623: The next earl and was married to Margaret Peverel . He founded Darley Abbey and Merevale Abbey . His son William de Ferrers, 3rd Earl of Derby (died 1190) was married to Sybil de Braose. He rebelled against King Henry II and was imprisoned at Caen , Normandy . He died in the Crusades at the Siege of Acre . He was succeeded by his son William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby (died 1247) who married Agnes de Kevelioc (also known as Agnes of Chester), daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester . He
8320-625: The northeast between Sewardstonebury next to Epping Forest and Chingford and with the Mar Dyke between Bulphan and North Ockendon . Greater London is also bounded by Hertfordshire to the north, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire to the west, Kent to the southeast and Surrey to the south and southwest. The highest point is Westerham Heights, in the North Downs and on the boundary with Kent, at 245 m (804 ft). Central government has implemented small boundary changes . The greatest were
8424-468: The partial dead remains of the 'Wilberforce oak' are left, but a new oak tree has been planted in its place. A stone bench, 'Wilberforce seat', commemorating the event, now marks the spot and bears the inscription from his diary "Just above a steep descent into the vale of Keston, I resolved to give notice ... in the House of Commons of my intention to bring forward the abolition of the Slave Trade." Holwood
8528-548: The poet Edward Lear who wrote The Owl and the Pussycat for the Earl's children. He was married to Charlotte Hornby. In 1844, he had a church built on the Knowsley Estate, St. Mary the Virgin, where several Stanleys found their final resting place. His son, Edward , succeeded him to become the 14th Earl. He is the most famous of the Earls of Derby. Known as a great parliamentary orator, he sat as Member of Parliament for Stockbridge ,
8632-654: The population of London. This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added (GVA) of Inner London at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British pounds sterling. Eurostat data shows the GDP of Inner London to be 232 billion euros in 2009 and per capita GDP of 78,000 euros. This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Outer London at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British pounds sterling. Eurostat data shows
8736-458: The purpose of developing Keston Park. The land was formerly known as the Keston Lodge Estate. Keston Lodge was the dower house to Holwood House and was occupied by Lady Ashton. It was probably regarded at the time as a separate part of the Holwood Estate and was divided from it by the public footpath which runs from Farnborough Common, almost opposite Hilda Vale Road, to Westerham Road, near to Fishponds Road. Keston Lodge (not to be confused with
8840-520: The rectory. (The former rectory, next to the parish church, was sold off as it was deemed too large, and was later bombed in the Second World War). The mill buildings were for nearly a century used as parish rooms. The church has now been secularised. The nearest railway station to Keston is Hayes , the terminus of the Hayes line , some 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles (2.5 kilometres) to the northwest. Keston
8944-494: The river is flat, but rises to low hills further away, notably Hampstead Heath , Shooter's Hill , and Sydenham Hill . The area's highest point is Westerham Heights (245 m (804 ft)), part of the North Downs . In the north-east the area contains part of Epping Forest , an ancient woodland. The City of London has had its own government since the Anglo-Saxon period. The first London-wide directly elected local government
9048-402: The same cabinet in 1938. Lord Derby outlived his eldest son and was succeeded by his grandson John , the eldest son of Lord Stanley, who became the 18th Earl. He was Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire and also established Knowsley Safari Park in 1971. He married Isabel Miles-Lade but died childless. As of 2017 the titles are held by his nephew Edward Richard William Stanley, 19th Earl of Derby . He
9152-540: The same sport with geographically proximate home grounds , may also derive from the family's title and interest in sport. The family seat is Knowsley Hall , near Liverpool , Merseyside . Ferrières in Normandy , the hometown of the de Ferrers family, was an important centre for iron ( French : fer ) and takes its name from the iron ore mines used during the Gallo-Roman period . Lord of Longueville , Normandy , and
9256-410: The thirteenth Earl. He represented Preston and Lancashire in the House of Commons and in 1832, two years before he succeeded his father, he was raised to the peerage in his own right as Baron Stanley , of Bickerstaffe in the County Palatine of Lancaster. Lord Derby was also a natural historian and his zoological collections were founded Liverpool Museum . He was also a patron of the arts, especially of
9360-599: The top 21 countries of birth of residents in 2011. These figures do not give a fair indication of the total population of the specific ethnic groups associated with each country. For example, Londoners of Greek origin (from both Greece and Cyprus) number 300,000, since an organised Greek community has been established for nearly two centuries. The same can be said for Italian and French Londoners whose communities have been here for centuries (the French Embassy estimates there are between 300,000 and 400,000 French citizens living in
9464-421: The top two average GCSE results in England for LEAs. Next is Kensington and Chelsea, the third best in England, then Redbridge , Hammersmith and Fulham, Bromley, Barnet and Harrow. Only ten boroughs have GCSE results under the England average, and some inner-London boroughs have surprisingly good results considering where they lie on the scale of deprivation, e.g. Lambeth. Overall at GCSE in 2009, Greater London had
9568-522: The western borough of Ealing, which is also home to the largest Sikh temple in the capital. The majority of British Jews live in London, with significant communities in Stamford Hill (the most Orthodox Jewish area outside New York City and Israel) and St. John's Wood , Golders Green , and Edgware in North London. Publicly funded education has been administered through 33 LEAs , which correspond to
9672-856: Was 2,288,000 (31%), up from 1,630,000 in 1997. The 2001 UK Census showed that 27.1% of the population were born outside the UK, and a slightly higher proportion were classed as Non-White. In the 2011 UK Census, 59.79% of the population classed their ethnic group as White, including White British (44.89%), White Irish (2.15%) or "Other White" (12.65%, mostly Greek-Cypriot, Italian, Polish, Spanish, Colombians and Portuguese). 18.49% classed themselves as British Asian, including Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and "Other Asian" (mostly Sri Lankan, Arab and other Southern Asian ethnicities). 13.32% classed themselves as Black British (7% as Black African, 4.22% as Black Caribbean, 2.08% as "Other Black"). 4.96% were of mixed race; and 3.44% as other (mostly Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and other "British Orientals"). The table shows
9776-456: Was a Conservative politician and held office as Secretary of State for War , as Colonial Secretary and as President of the Board of Trade . In 1886, seven years before succeeding his brother, he was raised to the peerage in his own right as Baron Stanley of Preston , in the County Palatine of Lancaster. He was also Governor-General of Canada between 1888 and 1893. In 1892, he purchased and donated
9880-416: Was approached through the present entrance to Forest Ridge/Forest Drive on Croydon Road. The drive ran up the line of Forest Ridge, curving back around the stables to the left to come out in front of the south side of the house. An unfenced road is shown on early maps on the line of the present Forest Drive, and this was probably the main link between Keston Lodge and Holwood House. Holwood Park Avenue lies on
9984-411: Was childless and on his death in 1736, the male line of the second Earl died out. He was succeeded in the barony of Strange, which could be passed on through female lines, by his first cousin once removed, James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl . The earldom was inherited by his distant relative Sir Edward Stanley, 5th Baronet, of Bickerstaffe , a descendant of a younger brother of the second Earl, who became
10088-515: Was commonly called Lord Strange. Edward outlived James (who died in 1771) and was succeeded by James' son Edward , the 12th Earl. He held political office as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and also founded The Derby horse-race . Lord Derby married Lady Elizabeth Hamilton , daughter of James Hamilton, 6th Duke of Hamilton . His second marriage was to a Drury Lane actress, Elizabeth Farren . The 12th Earl's first marriage produced his heir Edward ,
10192-634: Was covered by a single Parliamentary constituency in the European Parliament before Brexit . Greater London includes the most closely associated parts of the Greater London Urban Area and their historic buffers and includes, in five boroughs, significant parts of the Metropolitan Green Belt which protects designated greenfield land in a similar way to the city's parks. The closest and furthest boundaries are with Essex to
10296-585: Was created Earl of Derby, and this title was taken by Edward III's son, John of Gaunt , who had married Henry's daughter, Blanche. John of Gaunt's son and successor was Henry Bolingbroke , who acceded to the throne as Henry IV in 1399. The title Earl of Derby then merged in the Crown . The Stanley family was descended from Ligulf of Aldithley, who was also the ancestor of the Audleys (see Audley-Stanley family ). One of his descendants married an heiress whose marriage portion included Stoneley, Staffordshire – hence
10400-479: Was described in Pitt's time as " a small, neat, white building; it is more simple than elegant". Pitt engaged John Soane to enlarge the house and Humphry Repton to improve the grounds. Soane's house burnt down, and was rebuilt in 1823-6 for John Ward in a Grecian style by Decimus Burton . The new house was on a larger scale than Pitt's, in white brick and Portland stone . Later owners included Lord Chancellor Cranworth ,
10504-529: Was poisoned to prevent him from staking a claim to the throne of England through his maternal grandmother. On his death, the baronies of Stanley, Strange and Mohun fell into abeyance between his three daughters. He was succeeded in the earldom by his younger brother William , the sixth Earl. He was Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire and Cheshire and purchased from his nieces their claims in the Isle of Man . William married Elizabeth de Vere daughter of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford . Their son James succeeded to
10608-598: Was succeeded by his son William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby (died 1254) who married Sibyl Marshall and then Margaret de Quincy with whom he had his son and heir Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby (1239–1279), who became the next Earl. He rebelled against King Henry III and was arrested and imprisoned first in the Tower of London , then in Windsor Castle and Wallingford Castle , and in 1266 his lands and earldom were forfeited, including Tutbury Castle which still belongs to
10712-403: Was summoned to the House of Lords as Lord Strange in right of his wife. Lord Derby was succeeded by his grandson Thomas , the eldest son of Lord Strange. He had already succeeded his mother as tenth Baron Strange and sixth Baron Mohun. He married Anne Hastings, daughter of Lord Hungerford and Hastings. The second Earl's son Edward became the 3rd Earl. He notably served as Lord High Steward at
10816-533: Was the London County Council , established for the County of London in 1889, which covered the core of the urban area. In 1965 the county was abolished and replaced by Greater London, a two-tier administrative area governed by the Greater London Council , thirty-two London boroughs, and the City of London Corporation. The Greater London Council was abolished in 1986, and its responsibilities largely taken over by
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