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41-591: The kermesse became a common subject in Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting in the 16th century, though many paintings called by the name were probably intended to depict village weddings. Arguably the first kermesse was an annual parade to mark the events of the Brussels massacre of 1370 (some sources say 1369) in Brussels, when the entire Jewish population of the city were burnt alive or expelled after being accused of profaning

82-459: A "Kermis" with traditional Belgian dishes and events. Another American polity that celebrates this holiday is La Kermesse of Biddeford, Maine . The International School of Indiana, located in Indianapolis , Indiana, holds an annual Kermesse celebration with refreshments, carnival games and face-painting to celebrate the ending of the school year for their pre-elementary and elementary pupils. In

123-408: A basket of communion hosts, which were said to have bled when stabbed. According to one source, those Jewish residents who could prove that they did not profane the hosts were not killed, but were merely banished from Brussels. These festivities still survive in the form of funfairs , while the old allegorical representations are now uncommon. Whereas nearly every village has a kermis once or twice

164-709: A long legacy. Jan Mabuse , Maarten van Heemskerck and Frans Floris were all instrumental in adopting Italian models and incorporating them into their own artistic language. Pieter Brueghel the Elder , with Bosch the only artist from the period to remain widely familiar, may seem atypical, but in fact his many innovations drew on the fertile artistic scene in Antwerp. Dutch and Flemish painters were also instrumental in establishing new subjects such as landscape painting and genre painting . Joachim Patinir , for example, played an important role in developing landscape painting , inventing

205-618: A network of bus routes throughout the North Shore municipalities, including the R2 Marine Dr , as well as buses connecting the municipality with the rest of the Metro Vancouver. The SeaBus ferry, which is part of the TransLink system, is also an integral part of the district; it stops at Lonsdale Quay , which connects the North Shore with Vancouver, and Waterfront station , which connects to

246-429: A population of approximately 1,500. West Vancouver separated from the district in 1912. Apart from the addition of Moodyville in 1915, the boundaries of the city have not changed, even though far more people now call the district home. Communications with Vancouver have always been an important factor in the development of the North Shore. The first ferry service was supplied by "Navvy Jack’s" rowboat in 1866. In 1867,

287-402: A theme found in a smaller scale in the calendars of late-medieval illuminated manuscripts . Pieter Bruegel the Elder (nicknamed "Peasant Bruegel" for his fondness for such subjects) was the main progenitor of the large painted kermesse, in works like The Wedding Dance (c. 1566, Detroit, with 125 figures) and The Peasant Dance (c. 1567, Vienna), which are thought to have made a set with

328-576: A year, the large Zuidfoor or Foire du Midi (South Fair) of Brussels and Sinksenfoor ( Whitsun Fair) of Antwerp attract many visitors during several weeks. The funfair on the Vrijdagmarkt in Ghent coincides with the 10-day long Gentse Feesten (Ghent Festivities) which are held across the entire inner city around the 21st of July ( Belgian national holiday). The standard Dutch language expression Vlaamse kermis (Flemish kermesse) once referred to

369-435: The 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada , North Vancouver had a population of 88,168 living in 32,700 of its 34,179 total private dwellings, a change of 2.9% from its 2016 population of 85,649. With a land area of 160.66 km (62.03 sq mi), it had a population density of 548.8/km (1,421.3/sq mi) in 2021. Mother languages as reported by each person: In terms of Chinese languages, 2.7% of

410-930: The City of Halifax (Nova Scotia, Canada), a city with a limited Dutch heritage, kermesses have been held since 1907 [1] as fundraisers for the local children's hospital. The École Française de Vancouver (ÉFIV) in North Vancouver, British Columbia (Canada), holds an annual kermesse with games, food, a pétanque tournament and community participation. The term has also had an influence on Ibero-American culture. Specifically in Paraguay , Mexico , Peru , Bolivia , Argentina and Chile , "kermeses" are held by churches and schools to raise funds. Many activities take place including "tombolas" where people buy tickets for drawings that always have awards from very minor items to bigger awards. In Brazil "quermesses" are usually held by churches during

451-531: The Lower Mainland supplemented the local ferry service. Early plans for North Vancouver were ambitious. However, early grandiose plans met with a number of setbacks. The real estate boom was overtaken by a worldwide depression in 1913 and then World War I delayed many projects. The depression that began in 1929, coupled with disruptions to communications over the Second Narrows caused by ships colliding with

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492-775: The Lower Seymour Conservation Reserve (LSCR). The main (and only) highway through the District of North Vancouver is the Trans-Canada Highway ( Highway 1 ). This crosses over the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing from Vancouver and goes through the district to the western border with West Vancouver. Public transit is provided by TransLink and is mostly operated by its subsidiary Coast Mountain Bus Company , which runs

533-633: The SkyTrain network. West Vancouver Blue Bus also runs a few routes in the two North Vancouvers, along with the 255, which connects them to West Vancouver. There currently is no rapid transit system in North Vancouver, but TransLink aims to build a bus rapid transit line from Metrotown in Burnaby to Park Royal in West Vancouver as a measure to bring rapid transit to the traffic-congested North Shore. At

574-573: The City of North Vancouver. Together, these three municipalities are commonly referred to as the North Shore . Most of the residents of the district live in single-family dwellings. Except for a few more historical areas, much of the development of the district has occurred since the 1950s. The City of North Vancouver has considerably higher commercial and residential density. North Vancouver has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate type Cfb ). While industry

615-536: The Express, commenced publication in 1905, and in 1906 the British Columbia Electric Railway began streetcar service. Industry, particularly shipbuilding, became central, with the nearby stands of trees a rich resource for a society in which ships, houses, and most other manmade things were constructed mainly of wood. The Wallace Shipyards moved in 1906 to the area just east of Lonsdale Avenue, drawn by

656-583: The Italian Renaissance, although some Venetian prints of the same period show a comparable degree of fantasy. The Romanists were the next phase of influence, adopting Italian styles in a far more thorough way. After 1550 the Flemish and Dutch painters begin to show more interest in nature and beauty "in itself", leading to a style that incorporates Renaissance elements, but remains far from the elegant lightness of Italian Renaissance art, and directly leads to

697-556: The Kermesse festival, which was held the day after they anchored on Mauritius . In Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting , continuing into the Baroque period especially in the south, Kermesse scenes were a popular genre in painting. These typically show village festivities (perhaps in fact after a wedding or similar) with a few dozen figures dancing, drinking, and often flirting. Sometimes a few better-dressed figures look on. The genre develops

738-572: The North Shore from Horseshoe Bay to Deep Cove but omitted Moodyville. In the early years of the 20th century, a real estate boom took place, with speculators – including the British poet Rudyard Kipling – eager to turn a quick dollar. A new community began to take shape. In 1902, the Hotel North Vancouver was built; in 1905, the first bank, a branch of the Bank of North America , opened. A newspaper,

779-551: The North Shore until the mill closed in 1901. The first school was established in Moodyville. The second, Central School, opened in 1902 in a building that still stands as part of what is now Presentation House at 3rd Street and Chesterfield Avenue, the current home of the North Vancouver Museum and Archives. In 1891, the first municipality on the North Shore was formed as the District of North Vancouver. It stretched across

820-522: The Sea Foam established a regular ferry service that continued until 1958. The SeaBus re-established water transportation in 1977. Rail service was slower in developing. While the Pacific Great Eastern Railway inaugurated a 12.7-mile run from North Vancouver to Whytecliff Park in 1914, it was not until the completion of the first Second Narrows Bridge in 1925 that rail and road links with

861-578: The Turkish language "kermes" is a sale of ladies' handiwork for charity. Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting represents the 16th-century response to Italian Renaissance art in the Low Countries , as well as many continuities with the preceding Early Netherlandish painting . The period spans from the Antwerp Mannerists and Hieronymus Bosch at

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902-477: The area that would later become North Vancouver. The first industry on the North Shore was Pioneer Mills, founded in 1862 to log the huge trees of the coastal rainforest. After twice changing hands, the operation was bought by Sewell ("Sue") Prescott Moody in 1865. Near where the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool grain elevators now stand, the town of Moodyville grew up and stood as the main centre of activity on

943-490: The arrival of electricity. Over the years, this company, later known as Burrard Dry Dock and then Versatile Pacific Shipyards , became a major force in the local economy. Many of the shipyard's buildings still stand although the company has now ceased operations. Economic prosperity and rapid growth in the Lower Lonsdale area of North Vancouver led to the establishment in 1907 of the separate City of North Vancouver , with

984-535: The bridge, led to economic difficulties and severe tax shortfalls. Both the city and the district were placed in receivership in 1933. But the opening of the second road crossing, the Lions Gate Bridge , in 1938 was a significant factor in making the North Shore more accessible. And the war years led to an economic revival of North Vancouver, especially because of the many ships built in the Burrard Dry Dock at

1025-424: The compositional type of the world landscape , which was perfected by Pieter Bruegel the Elder who, followed by Pieter Aertsen , also helped popularise genre painting . From the mid-century Pieter Aertsen , later followed by his nephew Joachim Beuckelaer , established a type of "monumental still life " featuring large spreads of food with genre figures, and in the background small religious of moral scenes. Like

1066-664: The district in recent years; however, the district remains a primarily suburban municipality. It is served by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police , British Columbia Ambulance Service , and the District of North Vancouver Fire Department. For thousands of years, the Indigenous Squamish and their kin Tsleil-Waututh , of the Coast Salish , resided in the land known as North Vancouver. Slightly over 200 years ago,

1107-637: The early weeks of winter and in celebration of the widely popular Festa Junina festivities. The word also entered the Belarusian language as " кiрмаш " ( kirmash ) in the meaning of " fair ". In Lithuanian language " kermošius " ( kermoshius ) means a fair after the mass in the church. Polish language uses word " kiermasz " which also started as a village church event but over time morphed into synonym for fair. In Romanian "chermeză" means party or banquet . In Italian "kermesse" means festival or show, especially one featuring many different acts. In

1148-461: The foot of Lonsdale for the Canadian war effort. In the postwar years, the city and the District of North Vancouver boomed, with most of the growth taking place in the district because of its greater land resources. Since 2018, there have been proposals to amalgamate the District of North Vancouver with the City of North Vancouver into a single North Vancouver. Surveys have shown that the majority of

1189-511: The local village kermesse (as pronounced in the former County of Flanders ) though its modern usage is mainly limited to privately organized fairs open to the public, often for fund-raising, such as by schools or youth organisations in the Flemish Region . The crew of the Dutch ship Gelderland used the names "griff-eendt" and "kermisgans" for the dodo in 1598, in reference to fowl fattened for

1230-608: The municipalities' residents support the idea, and many do not even know that the city and the district are separate entities. The District of North Vancouver is separated from Vancouver by the Burrard Inlet . It can be accessed by the Lions' Gate Bridge , the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing , and the SeaBus passenger ferry. The district is bounded by the Capilano River to

1271-451: The older style was remarkably persistent. Antwerp Mannerism is a term for painters showing some Italian influence, but mainly continuing the style and subjects of the older masters. Hieronymus Bosch is a highly individual artist, whose work is strange and full of seemingly irrational imagery, making it difficult to interpret. Most of all it seems surprisingly modern, introducing a world of dreams that seems more related to Gothic art than

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1312-457: The peasant instead of the prince. The Fall of Icarus (now in fact considered a copy of a Brueghel work), although highly atypical in many ways, combines several elements of Northern Renaissance painting. It hints at the renewed interest for antiquity (the Icarus legend), but the hero Icarus is hidden away in the background. The main actors in the painting are nature itself and, most prominently,

1353-493: The peasant, who does not even look up from his plough when Icarus falls. Brueghel shows man as an anti-hero, comical and sometimes grotesque. North Vancouver (district municipality) The District of North Vancouver is a district municipality in British Columbia , Canada, situated north of the city of Vancouver across the Burrard Inlet . It surrounds the respective City of North Vancouver on three sides, and

1394-558: The people of the Squamish and Tsleil-Waututh living on the North Shore had their first glimpse of Europeans. First, the Spanish arrived, giving their name to Vancouver's Spanish Banks, and, in 1792, Captain George Vancouver explored the local shores. But it was not until 1862 that the first attempt was made to harvest the North Shore's rich stands of timber, leading to fuller settlement of

1435-538: The remaining fellow North Shore municipality of West Vancouver on the other, and is part of the Metro Vancouver Regional District . It is largely characterized as a relatively quiet, affluent suburban hub home to many middle and upper-middle-class families. Homes in the District of North Vancouver generally range from mid-sized family bungalows to very large luxury houses. A number of dense multi-family and mixed-use developments have popped up across

1476-750: The sit-down meal shown in The Peasant Wedding (c. 1567, Vienna). Most later works, many by his descendants, adopted the more distant view from slightly above that Bruegel had developed for other subjects, allowing a larger number of figures. The word Kermess (generally in the form Kirmess) is applied in the United States to any entertainment, especially one organized in the interest of charity. The Dutch-American Village of Little Chute, Wisconsin , has celebrated Kermis annually since 1981. The Wallonian settlements in Door County, Wisconsin , also celebrate

1517-473: The start of the 16th century to the late Northern Mannerists such as Hendrik Goltzius and Joachim Wtewael at the end. Artists drew on both the recent innovations of Italian painting and the local traditions of the Early Netherlandish artists . Antwerp was the most important artistic centre in the region. Many artists worked for European courts, including Bosch, whose fantastic painted images left

1558-422: The themes of the great Flemish and Dutch Baroque painters: landscapes, still lifes and genre painting (scenes from everyday life). This evolution is seen in the works of Joachim Patinir and Pieter Aertsen , but the true genius among these painters was Pieter Brueghel the Elder , well known for his depictions of nature and everyday life, showing a preference for the natural condition of man, choosing to depict

1599-654: The west, Indian Arm to the east, Burrard Inlet to the south, and the Coast Mountains to the north. It sprawls in an east–west direction across the mountain slopes and is characterized by rugged terrain and steep and winding roadways. While there is no true urban core within the district, there are a number of separate commercial neighbourhood centres. These include (from west to east): Edgemont Village , Upper Lonsdale , Lynn Valley , Main Street, Parkgate, and Deep Cove . The district has much in common with West Vancouver and

1640-535: The world landscapes, these represented a typically "Mannerist inversion" of the normal decorum of the hierarchy of genres , giving the "lower" subject matter more space than the "higher". Anthonis Mor was the leading portraitist of the mid-century, in demand in courts all over Europe for his reliable portraits in a style that combined Netherlandish precision with the lessons of Titian and other Italian painters. Italian Renaissance influences begin to show on Early Netherlandish painting around 1500, but in many ways

1681-495: Was the engine that propelled North Vancouver for much of the twentieth century, this has now largely been replaced by enterprises more in tune with present economic realities. Many North Shore companies are in the business of creating and marketing high technology. The television and film industry has made the area the centre of Hollywood North. Filming of the television series The X-Files took place in North Vancouver for five seasons, with many of its "wilderness" sequences shot in

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