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21-556: Kerei is a Kazakh tribe that originated in the Altay region and fled into modern-day Kazakhstan in the early 13th century after being defeated by Genghis Khan . This article about an ethnic group in Asia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kazakh tribes The earliest mention of the Kazakh jüz or hordes dates to the 17th century. Velyaminov Zernov (1919) believed that

42-466: A clear purpose of each son in the family is determined. According to the customs and traditions of the Kazakhs, different people were engaged in the upbringing of each son. To this day, knowledge of one's genealogical tree, including one's jüz, is considered a duty of every Kazakh. Any relative who comes for help (even the most distant one) will definitely receive it. Nogai Khanate The Nogai Horde

63-587: The Crimean Khanate raided settlements in Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, and Poland. The slaves were captured in southern Russia, Poland-Lithuania , Moldavia , Wallachia , and Circassia by Tatar horsemen in a trade known as the " harvesting of the steppe ". In Podolia alone, about one-third of all the villages were destroyed or abandoned between 1578 and 1583. Some researchers estimate that altogether more than 3 million people were captured and enslaved during

84-915: The Kazakh SSR was formed. Bukey Horde was positioned in its most remote, western part, situated geographically in Europe . Historical leaders of Kazakh resistance against the Russian Empire associated with the Junior jüz include Isatay Taymanuly ( Kazakh : Isatai Taimanūly , 1791–1838) and Makhambet Otemisuly ( Kazakh : Mahambet Ötemısūly , 1803/4–1846). The Junior jüz consisted of three groups, subdivided into clans: Various supposed fourth jüzes typically encompass members of other ethnic groups living in Kazakhstan, in particular Koreans and Russians . This has been argued to create more national unity. In jüzes,

105-848: The Manghits joined by numerous Turkic tribes . A century later the Nogays were led by Edigu , a commander of Manghit paternal origin and Jochid maternal origin, who founded the Nogai dynasty. In 1557, Nogai Nur-al-Din Qazi Mirza quarreled with Ismael Beg and founded the Lesser Nogai Horde on the steppe of the North Caucasus . The Nogais north of the Caspian were thereafter called the Great Nogai Horde. In

126-498: The Middle jüz. Tribes that recognized Ahmed Khan formed the Junior jüz. According to Kazakh legends, the three jüz were the territorial inheritances of the three sons of the legendary founder-ancestor of the Kazakhs. The word jüz ( жүз ) also means "a hundred" in Kazakh. Historically, the Senior jüz ([Ұлы жүз] Error: {{Langx}}: transliteration text not Latin script ( help ) ) inhabited

147-853: The Mongolic Kalmyks to supplant the Alshyns and push them back to the Urals . There they formed the Lesser jüz. During the Kazakh-Kalmyk struggles, the Khiva Khanate annexed the Mangyshlak Peninsula to repel Kalmyk raids and managed it for two centuries before the Russian conquest. At the beginning of the 19th century, Kazakhs shifted some to the west, to Astrakhan Governorate , forming Bukey Horde there. When

168-402: The Nogai subjects could simply move away from a leader who was disliked. Ambassadors and merchants were regularly beaten and robbed. Stealing horses, looked down upon in many cultures, was an important part of social and economic life on the steppe. Beys and Mirza's would often declare themselves vassals of some outside power, but such declarations had little meaning. The Nogai Horde along with

189-548: The Nogais was raiding for slaves, who were sold in Crimea and Bukhara . Hunting, fishing, caravan taxation, and seasonal agricultural migration also played a role, although this is poorly documented. The basic social unit was the semi-autonomous ulus or band. Aristocrats were called mirza . The ruler of the Nogais was the Bey. The capital or winter camp was at Saraychik , a caravan town on

210-482: The Senior jüz. There have been several attempts to determine the exact names and nature of top-level clans throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. However, different studies created vastly different names and population numbers for the steppe clans. Generally accepted names of the first order Senior jüz tribes or clans are: The Middle jüz ([Орта Жүз] Error: {{Langx}}: transliteration text not Latin script ( help ) , also known as Arğyn Jüz [Арғын Жүз]), occupies

231-730: The Yedisans are mentioned as a distinct group, and in various locations. There were two groups of Nogais : those north of the Caspian Sea under their own Bey (leader), and those north of the Black Sea nominally subject to the Crimean Khan . The first group was broken up circa 1632 by the Kalmyks . The second shared the fate of the Khanate of Crimea . The Nogai language was a form of Kypchak Turkic ,

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252-457: The division arose as a result of the capture of the important cities of Tashkent , Yasi , and Sayram in 1598. Some researchers argued that the jüz in origin corresponded to tribal, military alliances of steppe nomads that emerged around the mid 16th century after the disintegration of the Kazakh Khanate . They played a role in regulating livestock, access to watering holes, pastures, and

273-767: The early 17th century, the Horde broke down further under the onslaught of the Kalmyks. The Nogais north of the Black Sea were nominally subject to the Crimean Khanate rather than the Nogai Bey. They were divided into the following groups: Budjak (from the Danube to the Dniester ), Yedisan (from the Dniester to the Bug ), Jamboyluk (Bug to Crimea ), Yedickul (north of Crimea) and Kuban . In particular,

294-482: The eastern lands of the former Golden Horde , in central, northern and eastern Kazakhstan. Some of Kazakhstan's famous poets and intellectuals were born in the Middle jüz territories, including Abay Qunanbayuli , Akhmet Baytursinuli , Shokan Walikhanuli and Alikhan Bokeikhanov . The Middle jüz consists of the following tribes: The Junior or Lesser jüz ([Кіші Жүз] Error: {{Langx}}: transliteration text not Latin script ( help ) , also known as Alşyn Jüz ) occupied

315-628: The estimated population of the Senior jüz was about 550,000 people in the second half of the 19th century. The territory was conquered by the Kokand Khanate in the 1820s, and by the Russian Empire during the 1850s to 1860s. Kazakhstan's ruling elite, including former president Nursultan Nazarbayev , former First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Dinmukhamed Konayev , as well as famous poet Jambyl Jabayev are representatives of

336-736: The lands of the former Nogai Khanate in Western Kazakhstan. They originate from the Nogais of the Nogai Horde , which once was placed in Western Kazakhstan, but in the 16th century it was defeated by the Kazakhs and the Russians and Nogais retreated to the Western part of their khanate, to the Kuban River steppes. In the 18th century, they endangered inner Russian cities, so the Russian Empire allied with

357-602: The lower Yaik . From 1537 the second in rank was the Nur-al-Din , usually the Bey's son or younger brother and expected successor. The Nur-al-Din held the right bank along the Volga . From the 1560s there was a second Nur-al-Din , a sort of a war chief. Third in rank was the Keikuvat , who held the Emba . Political organization was fluid and much depended on personal prestige since as nomads,

378-629: The northern lands of the former Chagatai Ulus of the Mongol Empire , in the Ili River and Chu River basins, in today's South-Eastern Kazakhstan and China's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (northern Xinjiang ). It was also called Üisın jüz . The first record of the Senior jüz dates to 1748, due to a Tatar emissary of the Tsaritsa who had been sent to the steppe to negotiate the submission of Abul Khair Khan in 1732. According to Nikolai Aristov ,

399-469: The same language group as that of the neighboring Kazakhs, Bashkirs and Crimean and Volga Tatars. Their religion was Muslim, but religious institutions were weakly developed. They were pastoral nomads grazing sheep, horses, and camels. Outside goods were obtained by trade (mostly horses and slaves), raiding, and tribute. There were some subject peasants along the Yaik river. One of the main sources of income for

420-487: The sites of nomadic camps. Yuri Zuev argued their territorial division comprises three ecological or topographic zones, the Senior jüz of the southern and southeastern steppe being set apart from the two other zones by Lake Balkhash . According to some researchers, the Kazakhs were separated in the First Civil War . Tribes that recognized Buidash Khan formed the Senior jüz. Tribes that recognized Togym Khan formed

441-631: Was a confederation founded by the Nogais that occupied the Pontic–Caspian steppe from about 1500 until they were pushed west by the Kalmyks and south by the Russians in the 17th century. The Mongol tribe called the Manghuds constituted a core of the Nogai Horde. In the 13th century, the leader of the Golden Horde , Nogai Khan , a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through Jochi , formed an army of

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