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39-467: Kaupō is located along the southeastern shore of Maui, west of Kīpahulu along the Kahikinui coastline. Kaupō is located on a rugged and desolate coast. The Kahikinui Forest Reserve is located in the area, as well as a section of Haleakalā National Park . A trail leads from near the summit of Haleakalā through Kaupō Gap to the coast. This trail has been designated as a National Recreation Trail . Kaupō

78-406: A degree where the mountain looked as if it were covered with snow. Other endangered species include the endangered Haleakalā schiedea ( Schiedea haleakalensis ). Over 850 species of plants grow in the park and there are four endemic species of geraniums that are also found in the park. The park is home to many tardigrade species surviving in the extreme environment near the mountain summit. In

117-538: A trail that takes visitors up to the base of Waimoku Falls . More endangered species live in Haleakalā National Park than any other national park in the United States. Once traveling to this part of the island became more frequent, native species were destroyed. One example is the ʻāhinahina ( Haleakalā silversword , Argyroxiphium sandwicense macrocephalum ), which formerly covered Haleakalā Mountain to

156-453: Is Hawaiian for "house of the sun." According to a local legend, the demigod Maui imprisoned the sun here in order to lengthen the day. The Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 was proposed to observe the Hawaiian spelling, but it did not become law. The park features the dormant Haleakalā (East Maui) Volcano, which last erupted sometime between 1480 and 1600 AD. The park

195-607: Is Natalie Gates, she has been in this position since 2013. Although, there is not a full list of superintendents on public record, the following has been reported. John W. Stratton 10/19/1961 – 5/11/1963 Neal G. Guse 7/01/1963 – 7/15/1967 Forrest M. Benson Jr. 8/27/1967 – 6/14/1969 Lynn H. Thompson 6/29/1969 – 11/16/1970 Russell Cahill 1/17/1971 – 4/27/1974 Hugo H. Huntzinger 5/26/1974 – 12/19/1987 Peter G. Sanchez 12/20/1987 – 3/26/1988 Donald W. Reeser 3/27/1988 – ? Sarah Creachbuam 2009 – 2012 Natalie Gates March 2013 – Present Hosmer%27s Grove Hosmer's Grove

234-461: Is a wilderness area . The land was designated a national park in 1976 and its boundaries expanded in 2005. Haleakalā was originally part of Hawaii National Park along with the volcanoes of Mauna Loa and Kilauea on the island of Hawaiʻi , created in 1916. Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park was made into a separate national park in 1961 by Bill S. 3623. The park area was designated an International Biosphere Reserve in 1980. The name Haleakalā

273-407: Is a visitor center, with parking and restrooms, near the summit. At the summit itself is another parking lot and a simple observatory without facilities. The main feature of this part of the park is Haleakalā Crater which, despite its name, is geologically an erosional valley. It is 6.99 miles (11.25 km) across, 2.0 mi (3.2 km) wide, and 2,600 ft (790 m) deep. The interior of

312-592: Is an example of experimental forestation from Hawaii's territorial days. Located just inside Haleakala National Park near the summit of Haleakala in Maui , Hawaii , it includes a campsite and several hiking trails. The grove is well known amongst birdwatchers due to the abundance of endemic honeycreepers at the site, including Iiwi , Apapane , Hawaii Amakihi , and the Maui Alauahio . Hawaii's first territorial forester, Ralph Hosmer , imported tree species from around

351-585: Is connected to the rest of the island via the Pi'ilani Highway ( Hawaii Route 31 ). The highway is primarily one lane wide and is not paved in all sections. Kaupō was "Wahipana" (Special Place) for ancient Hawaiians. In the early 1900s many families lived in Kaupō. Fishing, farming, hunting and ranching were primary occupations. In 1859 the district was combined with that of Hana . The Loaloa Heiau and Huialoha Church are located there. Residents are served by public schools of

390-491: Is divided into two distinct sections: the summit area and the coastal Kipahulu area. Haleakalā National Park has been a part of the Pacific West Region since its inception in 1961. An extremely winding but well maintained road leads up the mountain. The summit area includes Haleakalā Crater , the summit of the volcano, and the area surrounding the summit. This part of the park is accessed by Hawaii State Road 378. There

429-514: Is known for its volcanic features, its long scenic drive with numerous overlooks, and the unusually clear views of the night sky available. Haleakalā is one of the best places in the United States for amateur astronomy , and binoculars and telescopes are available for rent from many local merchants. Nēnē ( Hawaiian geese , Branta sandvicensis ) can also be seen in their natural habitat in Haleakalā Crater. Although nēnē died out entirely in

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468-477: The kiwikiu and 'ākohekohe that are found only in East Maui, whose population decreased by more than 70% in the 21st century. A primary threat is mosquito-borne diseases such as avian malaria . Attempts to relocate kiwikiu to higher elevations were unsuccessful in protecting the population as mosquitos also rose into higher elevation habitats after the 1980s. The working group Birds, Not Mosquitos joined with

507-554: The Hawaii Department of Education (HIDOE). Kaupo School served the community from its 1923 opening until the 1960s. By 1964 the number of students was five, so the HIDOE closed the school with Hana High and Elementary School in Hana taking the students. The school reopened in circa 1982 as some landslides that happened that year obstructed the road to Hana. Kaupo School later closed when

546-599: The National Park Service and the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources to develop a plan to address the threat, eventually settling on the Incompatible insect model. As of 2024, each week some 250,000 male southern house mosquitos carrying Wolbachia bacteria were released on the mountain, totaling 10 million by June of that year. When male mosquitos with Wolbachia mate with female mosquitoes without it, their resulting eggs do not hatch As of 2018,

585-720: The Rainforests and Shrublands of the park. While the snails are only found in the Park’s rainforests generally in the Kipahulu valley . Many of the park’s rarest snails are in the Partulina Genus. They are called Kāhuli in Hawaiian . Haleakalā Observatory is an observation site located near the visitor center. It lies above the tropical inversion layer and so experiences excellent viewing conditions and very clear skies. For over 40 years,

624-590: The University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy has managed this site, conducting dedicated astrophysical experiments. One of its missions, the Maui Space Surveillance System (MSSS), tracks satellites and debris orbiting the Earth. The buildings are on a gated road just past the summit and are not within the park boundary. The first superintendent of Haleakalā National Park was John Stratton. The current one

663-547: The 1980s, local biologist Sam Gon III discovered 31 tardigrade species here and described Haleakalā as the "richest place on Earth for tardigrades". The park is also home to 3 endemic Hawaiian Honeycreepers only on east Maui. These include Maui Alauahio , Akohekohe , and the Critically Endangered Kiwikiu with around 200 members left. Native Invertebrates that live in the park include Insects , Spiders , and Snails . The insects and spiders live throughout

702-524: The Park has deferred maintenance valued at $ 24,382,236. 49.8% of this number is from unpaved roads. The rest of the deferred maintenance cost range from trails, water systems, buildings, and campgrounds. To help combat this problem the Haleakalā friends group runs monthly service trips. This includes cleaning and scrubbing the cabins, the eradication of thistles, blackberries, and heterothecas. They also work on improving

741-516: The alien trees are 'akala ( Rubus hawaiensis ), or Hawaiian raspberry. In the summer you may find deep-red fruit among the broad leaves. The branches have only small hair-like thorns, having lost the need for defensive thorns, until grazing mammals were brought in. Native seeds - You may see berries and seed pods on many of the shrubs along the trail. Although these berries are eaten by the native and alien birds, many of them can make people quite ill. Seeds from these shrubs have trouble sprouting amid

780-460: The crater is dotted by numerous volcanic features, including large cinder cones . Two main trails lead into the crater from the summit area: the Halemau'u and Sliding Sands trails, both of which are designated as National Recreation Trails . Hikers in the crater can stay in one of three cabins. Visitors frequently come to the summit of the volcano to watch the sunrise and/or sunset. One attraction of

819-462: The flowers. This active interdependence highlights the need for preserving all elements of a forest, and not just the tree. Germination - Some seeds from native shrubs have tough outer hulls and botanists were unable to make them germinate. But a researcher found that from the dropping of the chukar partridge and the Chinese ring-neck pheasant seedlings emerge. These alien birds appear to be benefiting

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858-549: The ground and break down the native plants and cause soil erosion. Biodiversity has been compromised and is negatively affecting the groundwater reserve. The nēnē bird is on the endangered species list. The bird was once on all the islands of Hawaii but now it is only on the Island of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai. Habitat loss, hunting, and introduction of mammals caused the bird population to dwindle. Since 2010, only 2,000 birds were left. These birds were then kept in captivity to increase

897-455: The islands. He experimented with 86 species of trees on Maui , such as eucalyptus , hoping to improve the watershed, and provide building lumber and fuel for the sugar refineries . Fencing - Near the trail is a fence which was built to keep goats and pigs out of the Park. Because Hawaii is over 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the nearest continent, all land mammals found in Hawaii today, except

936-543: The native ecosystems within Haleakala National Park . Haleakala National Park was established in 1916 to preserve the native flora and fauna and the outstanding geological resources found within the summit's crater-like depression. Alien plants and animals introduced by humans present a difficult challenge. Today the park's resource managers are reclaiming remnants of the native shrubland around Hosmer Grove by removing thousands of invasive trees and grasses. Without

975-434: The native plants by breaking down the seed hull, and taking the place of a native seed eating bird which is probably now extinct. However, chukar and common pheasant can adversely impact native bird populations by serving as disease reservoirs. Adaptation - The Hawaiian Islands emerged from the sea millions of years ago and a colonizing plant managed to become established once every 100,000 years. Plants got to Hawaii via

1014-412: The nene habitat by removing invasive grass. The second section of the park is the Kipahulu section. Visitors cannot drive directly to this section from the summit area; they must take a winding coastal road that travels around the windward coast of the island. This part of the park lies within the lower part of Kipahulu Valley. It is separated from the summit area of the park by the upper portion of

1053-482: The park is Hosmer's Grove , a unique forest of trees including deodar ( Cedrus deodara ) from the Himalayas , sugi ( Cryptomeria japonica ) from Japan , eucalyptus from Australia , and several species from North America ( pine , spruce , cypress , fir , and others). Native plants and trees are also present in the forest but are not common because the taller alien trees leave them little light to grow. The park

1092-621: The park, in 1946 they were re-introduced with the help of the Boy Scouts , who carried young birds into the crater in their backpacks. At its lowest, near the ocean, the National Park has a tropical rainforest climate bordering a tropical monsoon climate . However, as altitudes progresses the climate becomes oceanic / Mediterranean , reaching, at the very top of Haleakalā , an alpine climate . Grazing and rooting feral deer, goats, and pigs have been destroying native vegetation. They trample

1131-443: The population. Haleakalā silversword is a quintessential plant of Haleakalā since it grows nowhere else on Earth. Climate change has been threatening the population of this plant due to hotter temperatures and lower rainfall. The park service has erected fences to prevent damage from local herbivores and from visitors taking the plants as souvenirs. Several species of native forest birds across Hawaiʻi are nearly extinct, including

1170-479: The removal of adult seed-bearing plants and their rapidly spreading seedlings, an alien forest would soon overrun the native shrubland between here and the crater, thereby erasing a fragile Hawaiian ecosystem that has taken millions of years to develop. Forestry - Years of clearing the land for cultivation and ranching have taken their toll. By the early 1900s removal of native forests had led to erosion and drought. Ralph Hosmer established forest reserves throughout

1209-465: The road reopened. This Hawaiʻi -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Haleakal%C4%81 National Park Haleakalā National Park is a national park of the United States located on the island of Maui , Hawaii. Named after Haleakalā , a dormant volcano within its boundaries, the park covers an area of 33,265 acres (52.0 sq mi; 134.6 km ), of which 24,719 acres (38.6 sq mi; 100.0 km )

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1248-428: The silver geranium, can be seen growing along the trails at Hosmer's Grove. With its silvery tridentate leaves and small whitish flowers, hinahina is endemic to Haleakala. It is found nowhere else on earth. Its silver, slightly tomentose (hairy) leaves protect it from the relentless sun, wind, and extreme temperatures found near the summit. Biodiversity - The native shrublands support a large diversity of life, unlike

1287-446: The thick alien grasses. Overlook - As you sit amid the 'iliahi ( Santalum haleakalae ) and other native shrubs, notice how each has evolved ways of withstanding the often intense conditions on the mountain. The large gnarled trees growing up from the gulch are the native 'ohia , you may see red bottle-brush shaped flowers on them. Hawaiian honeycreepers dip their curved beaks into these flowers for nectar, and in doing so pollinate

1326-515: The three W's: wind, bird wings or waves. After arriving, they evolved to take advantage of a variety of new habitats. A single colonizing ancestor often changed or developed into many new endemic species; this is known as adaptive radiation. There are more than 10,000 species of endemic Hawaiian plants, birds and insects. But sadly, with this great diversity comes great loss. Nearly 75% of our nation's documented plant and bird extinctions were endemic Hawaiian species. The silver geranium - Hinahina ,

1365-412: The trail. This trail continues on a l/4 mile loop into the native shrubland; turning right will take you back to the parking lot. Looking across the gulch you see a mixture of native trees, shrubs and ferns. The larger 'ohia ( Metrosideros polymorpha ), koa , and olapa are still found in remote gulches, but covered much of the lower mountainside just a century ago. The native forests are a vital part of

1404-552: The understory of this pine and eucalyptus forest. Notice as you walk under the Norway spruce ahead that there are few other plants which can survive being deprived of sunlight and inhibited by plant chemicals. This half-mile trail will lead you on a 30-minute walk through one of the biological battlegrounds of the Park. The trail begins in the shade of a 20th-century alien forest and ends in native Hawaiian shrubland that looks as it did centuries ago. Numbered posts and plaques are found along

1443-490: The valley. This area is designated the Kipahulu Valley Biological Reserve and is closed to the public to preserve the native plant and animal species in this fragile rainforest . This section of the park features more than two dozen pools along Palikea Stream in the gulch called ʻOheʻo . These pools contain rare native freshwater fish. Visitors may choose to swim in these pools, or they may choose to hike

1482-647: The winged Hawaiian hoary bat , have been introduced by people. These alien animals destroy fragile native plants which evolved without the presence of browsing mammals. Look at the native plants around you and try to see them as a pig or goat would. Except for the heath-like pukiawe, most of these plants are easy food for grazing animals. When the ancestors of these plants arrived in Hawaii millennia ago, there were no grazing animals. As plants adapted to their surroundings, they lost defenses they no longer needed, such as poison, thorns, and scent. Fencing protects native plants from grazing pigs and goats. Gentle thorns - Beneath

1521-587: The world in hopes of creating a viable timber industry. In 1927 he began planting stands of pine, spruce, cedar and eucalyptus at this site, which can still be seen today in the grove. Only 20 of the 86 species introduced survived: those with shallow roots were blown down in storms, others found the soil chemistry or fungi unsuitable for growth or reproduction. A few thrived, escaping from Hosmer's experimental forest. The Mexican weeping pine ( Pinus patula ), Monterey pine ( Pinus radiata ), and eucalyptus have become aggressive invaders and are now recognized threats to

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