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72-711: Kaufland ( [ˈkaʊ̯flant] ) is a German hypermarket chain, part of the Schwarz Gruppe which also owns Lidl . The hypermarket directly translates to English as "buy-land." It opened its first store in 1984 in Neckarsulm and quickly expanded to become a major chain in what was formerly West Germany . It operates over 1,500 stores in Germany, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Moldova. The history of Kaufland began when Joseph Schwarz entered

144-629: A monastery village, the city was part of the Principality of Moldavia (which, starting with the 16th century became a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire , but still retaining its autonomy). At the beginning of the 19th century Chișinău was a small town of 7,000 inhabitants. In 1812, in the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) , the eastern half of Moldavia was ceded by the Ottomans to

216-660: A 49-year concession deal with airport operator Avia Invest. In April 2023, the Dutch government opened a new embassy in Chișinău. On 21 May 2023, tens of thousands of Moldovans took to the streets in a massive rally, the European Moldova National Assembly , to support the country's European Union membership bid . Moldovan police said more than 75,000 demonstrators were present at the rally organised by Moldovan president Maia Sandu . Later that month, Chișinău hosted

288-1589: A common English name in some historical contexts. Otherwise, the Romanian-based Chișinău has been steadily gaining wider currency, especially in written language . The city is also historically referred to as Lithuanian : Kišiniovas , Hungarian : Kisjenő , German : Kischinau , ( German: [ˌkɪʃiˈnaʊ̯] ); Polish : Kiszyniów , ( Polish: [kʲiʂɨˈɲuf] ); Ukrainian : Кишинів , romanized :  Kyshyniv , ( Ukrainian: [ˈkɪʃɪnʲiv] ); Bulgarian : Кишинев , romanized :  Kishinev ; Yiddish : קעשענעװ , romanized :  Keshenev ; or Turkish : Kişinev [REDACTED] First Bulgarian Empire 681–968 [REDACTED] Kievan Rus 969–971 [REDACTED] Mongol Empire 1241–1263 [REDACTED]   Golden Horde 1241–1327 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Hungary 1328–1359 [REDACTED] Principality of Moldavia 1328–1386, 1436–1812 [REDACTED]   Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1387–1502 [REDACTED]   Ottoman Empire 1503–1806 [REDACTED]   Russian Empire 1812–1917 [REDACTED] Russian Republic 1917 [REDACTED] Moldavian Democratic Republic 1917–1918 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Romania 1918–1940 [REDACTED]   Soviet Union 1940–1941 [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Romania 1941–1944 [REDACTED]   Soviet Union 1944–1991 [REDACTED]   Moldova 1991–present Founded in 1436 as

360-467: A common way to run hypermarkets. Japanese hypermarkets may contain restaurants, manga (Japanese comic) stands, Internet cafes , typical department store merchandise, a full range of groceries, beauty salons and other services all in the same store. A recent trend has been to combine the dollar store concept with the hypermarket blueprint, giving rise to the "hyakkin plaza"— hyakkin (百均) or hyaku en (百円) means 100 yen (roughly 1 US dollar ). Until

432-585: A grocery store alongside a drugstore plus off-street parking and an automobile lubrication and oil service. In 1933, men's and women's wear was added, and automotive department, housewares, and other nonfood products followed in succeeding years. In the mid 1930s, Fred Meyer opened a central bakery, a candy kitchen, an ice cream plant, and a photo-finishing plant, which supplied the company's stores in Portland and neighbouring cities with house brands such as Vita Bee bread, Hocus Pocus desserts, and Fifth Avenue candies. By

504-809: A major international summit of the European Political Community organised to discuss the illegal Russian invasion of Ukraine as well as cybersecurity, migration and energy security, and regional issues in Azerbaijan , Armenia , and clashes in Kosovo . Chișinău is located on the river Bâc , a tributary of the Dniester , at 47°0′N 28°55′E  /  47.000°N 28.917°E  / 47.000; 28.917 , with an area of 120 km (46 sq mi). The municipality comprises 635 km (245 sq mi). The city lies in central Moldova and

576-452: A minimum size of 2,500 m (27,000 sq ft). Despite its success, the hypermarket business model may be under threat from online shopping and the shift towards customization according to analysts like Sanjeev Sanyal , Deutsche Bank's Global Strategist, until 2015. Sanyal has argued that some developing countries such as India may omit the hypermarket stage and directly go online. Another category of stores sometimes included in

648-616: A newer city centre and station. Between 26 May 1830 and 13 October 1836 the architect Avraam Melnikov established the Catedrala Nașterea Domnului with a magnificent bell tower. In 1840 the building of the Triumphal Arch , planned by the architect Luca Zaushkevich, was completed. Following this the construction of numerous buildings and landmarks began. On 28 August 1871, Chișinău was linked by rail with Tiraspol , and in 1873 with Cornești . Chișinău- Ungheni - Iași railway

720-461: A rich architectural heritage, especially in the form of Socialist realism and Brutalist architecture . The city's central railway station boasts a Russian-Imperial architectural style, and maintains direct rail links to Romania. The Swiss-Italian-Russian architect Alexander Bernardazzi designed many of the city's buildings, including the Chișinău City Hall , Church of Saint Theodore , and

792-686: A significant degree of growth. The first branch was opened in Tehran under the name of Iran Hyperstar through a collaboration between Carrefour and Majid Al Futtaim Group based in The United Arab Emirates. The Emirati holding is the main shareholder with about 75% of the company's shares. New branches were established after Iran Hyperstar’s first store found relative success. Now, other branches have been established in Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad, Ahvaz, etc. The average Walmart Supercenter covers around 16,500 m (178,000 sq ft), with

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864-472: A surface area of 3,300 square metres (36,000 sq ft), and was later converted into a regular supermarket. The substantially larger store that opened a week later in Auderghem , Brussels, covering 9,100 m (98,000 sq ft), is regarded as a more proper hypermarket that brought the concept to fruition. It was Belgian market development engineer Maurice Cauwe  [ fr ] , who adopted

936-528: A symbol of remembrance to the thousands of Jews who perished during the holocaust. The monument was designed by architect Simeon Shoihet and sculptor Naum Epelbaum. It stands on Ierusalim Street, marking the site of the main entrance to the Chișinău ghetto, which was established in the lower part of the city in July 1941, shortly after the German and Romanian troops occupied the area. Since Moldovan independence following

1008-507: Is Walmart . These are the two major Canadian hypermarkets. The Belgian retailer Grand Bazar opened three hypermarkets in a short span in 1961 under the name SuperBazar after Belgian law restricting the size of department stores was abolished in January 1961. The first SuperBazar , opened in Bruges on 9 September 1961, initially designed to become a non-food department store, however only covered

1080-522: Is administratively subdivided into 3 municipalities, 32 districts, and 2 autonomous units. With a population of 662,836 inhabitants (as of 2014), the Municipality of Chișinău (which includes the nearby communities) is the largest of these municipalities. Besides the city itself, the municipality comprises 34 other suburban localities: 6 towns (containing further 2 villages within), and 12 communes (containing further 14 villages within). The population, as of

1152-619: Is located in the Botanica district, along the three lakes of a major park, which reaches the outskirts of the city centre. Another, the modern Aventura Park, is located farther from the centre. The Chișinău State Circus, which used to be in a grand building in the Râșcani sector, has been inactive for several years due to a poorly funded renovation project. According to the results of the 2014 Moldovan census, conducted in May 2014, 532,513 inhabitants live within

1224-618: Is surrounded by a relatively level landscape with very fertile ground. Chișinău is roughly equidistant between the borders with Romania (58 km.) and Ukraine (54 km.), and between the northernmost (188 km.) and southernmost (179 km.) points of Moldova, thus meaning that it is very close to Moldova's geographic centre. Chișinău has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfa ) characterised by warm summers and cold, windy winters. Winter minimum temperatures are often below 0 °C (32 °F), although they rarely drop below −10 °C (14 °F). In summer,

1296-414: Is the capital and largest city of Moldova . The city is Moldova's main industrial and commercial centre, and is located in the middle of the country, on the river Bîc , a tributary of the Dniester . According to the results of the 2014 census , the city proper had a population of 532,513, while the population of the Municipality of Chișinău (which includes the city itself and other nearby communities)

1368-527: The 2014 Moldovan census , is shown in brackets: Chișinău is governed by the City Council and the Mayor ( Romanian : Primar ), both elected once every four years. The municipality in its totality elects a mayor and a local council, which then name five pretors , one for each sector. They deal more locally with administrative matters. Each sector claims a part of the city and several suburbs: Historically,

1440-473: The A & O retail chain (today: Markant ). With Handels- und Fruchthof Heilbronn GmbH the first regional warehouse was opened in northern Württemberg . In 1964, the company expanded its range of products by opening a meat department. In 1968, Lidl & Schwarz opened the first Handelshof discount store in Backnang , and in 1977 at the same place a hypermarket of the same name was established. Following

1512-847: The American Southeastern University in Florida , United States . Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine , Moldova allowed more than 600,000 Ukrainian civilians to flee Ukraine across their border. Despite being among the poorest states in Europe , Moldova has continued to host more than 100,000 Ukrainian refugees , many of them in Chișinău. On 23 November 2022, the Chișinău Court of Appeal ruled that Chișinău International Airport will return to state ownership, according to justice minister Sergiu Litvinenco , more than three months after an international court allowed Moldova to terminate

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1584-504: The Kishinev pogrom . The rioting continued for three days, resulting in 47 Jews dead, 92 severely wounded, and 500 suffering minor injuries. In addition, several hundred houses and many businesses were plundered and destroyed. Some sources say 49 people were killed. The pogroms are largely believed to have been incited by anti-Jewish propaganda in the only official newspaper of the time, Bessarabetz ( Бессарабецъ ). Mayor Schmidt disapproved of

1656-657: The NCR Corporation 's marketing campaign. In France, hypermarkets are generally situated in shopping centers ( French : centre commercial or centre d'achats ) outside cities, though some are present in the city center. They are surrounded by extensive car parking facilities, and generally by other specialized superstores that sell clothing, sports gear, automotive items, etc. After the successes of super- and hyper-markets and amid fears that smaller stores would be forced out of business, France enacted laws that made it more difficult to build hypermarkets and also restricted

1728-495: The Russian Empire . The newly acquired territories became known as Bessarabia . Under Russian government, Chișinău became the capital of the newly annexed oblast (later guberniya ) of Bessarabia . By 1834, an imperial townscape with broad and long roads had emerged as a result of a generous development plan , which divided Chișinău roughly into two areas: the old part of the town, with its irregular building structures, and

1800-645: The Südfrüchte Großhandlung Lidl & Co. company as a shareholder in 1930, which was then renamed Lidl & Schwarz KG . The company expanded its range from fruit to a food and goods wholesaler for the Heilbronn-Franken region . During World War II , along with the city of Heilbronn, the company was destroyed and needed rebuilding. Within ten years, the company was rebuilt and, in 1954, moved into its own property in Heilbronn in addition to joining

1872-657: The dissolution of the Soviet Union , many streets of Chișinău have been renamed after historic persons, places or events . Independence from the Soviet Union was followed by a large-scale renaming of streets and localities from a Communist theme into a national one. On 5 September 2022, the country's first Christian university Universitatea Moldo-Americană opened its doors, supported by the Scandinavian broadcaster Visjon Norge and several donors in Norway , and run in cooperation with

1944-565: The 1950s, Fred Meyer began opening stores that were 4,200 to 6,500 m (45,000 to 70,000 sq ft), and the 1960s saw the first modern-sized Fred Meyer hypermarkets. The Midwest (then grocery) chain Meijer , which today operates about 235 stores in six US states, coined the term "super center", and opened the first of its hypermarket format store in Grand Rapids, Michigan , in June 1961, under

2016-448: The 1960s, when a number of supermarket chains and retailers like Sears tried to sell fuel, but it didn't generate sufficient consumer interest at the time. Today there are approximately 4,500 hypermarket stores in the US selling fuel, representing an estimated 14 billion US gallons (53 billion litres) sold each year. In Australia, hypermarkets were at their peak during the 1980s. This

2088-690: The 1980s, large stores combining food and non-food items were unusual in the United States, although early predecessors existed since the first half of the 20th century. The term "hypermarket" itself is still rarely used in the US. The Pacific Northwest chain Fred Meyer , now a division of the Kroger supermarket company, opened the first suburban one-stop shopping center in 1931 in the Hollywood District of Portland, Oregon . The store's innovations included

2160-547: The Church of Saint Panteleimon. The city hosts the National Museum of Fine Arts , Moldova State University , Brancusi Gallery, the National Museum of History of Moldova with over 236,000 exhibits, and bustling markets in the north of the city, including the house where Alexander Pushkin once resided while in exile from Alexander I of Russia , and which has now been turned into a museum. The city's Nativity Cathedral , located at

2232-487: The Czech Republic. In the 2000s, the company established branches in Slovakia (since 2000), Croatia (2001), Poland (2001), Romania (2005), Bulgaria (2006) and Moldova (2018). In 2006 and 2007, other store openings followed in Germany and Kaufland also took over shares of competitors. In February 2009 the corporation claimed to have 73,000 employees in Germany. In January 2010, it was announced that Karl Lupus GmbH & Co. KG

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2304-665: The Kaufland brand by then. The local Schleckerland was closed down because Kaufland was already present in Neu-Ulm. From 2011 onward, all Handelshof stores were to be gradually be converted to the Kaufland brand and to be partly rebuilt and enlarged. In November 2016, Kaufland's parent company applied for Kaufland trademarks in Australia. In September 2019, Kaufland announced plans to open 20 stores in Australia. In January 2020, Kaufland announced it

2376-628: The Latin Gagauz alphabet . It was also written as Chișineu in pre–20th-century Romanian and as Кишинэу in the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet . Historically, the English-language name for the city, Kishinev , was based on the modified Russian one because it entered the English language via Russian at the time Chișinău was part of the Russian Empire (e.g. Kishinev pogrom ). Therefore, it remains

2448-600: The NKVD had established its headquarters. As part of the policy of political repression of the potential opposition to the Communist power, tens of thousand members of native families were deported from Bessarabia to other regions of the USSR. A devastating earthquake occurred on 10 November 1940, measuring 7.4 (or 7.7, according to other sources) on the Richter scale . The epicenter of

2520-554: The Soviets, the first one immediately after the Soviet reoccupation of Bessarabia until the end of the 1940s and the second one in the mid-1950s. In the years 1947 to 1949, the architect Alexey Shchusev developed a plan with the aid of a team of architects for the gradual reconstruction of the city. There was rapid population growth in the 1950s, to which the Soviet administration responded by constructing large-scale housing and palaces in

2592-529: The US self-service market structure, a 1000 m² facility was opened, with an employee base of 70 individuals. After the death of Joseph Schwarz in 1977 his son Dieter Schwarz took over the management of the company. Taking the name of his father's former business partner, he introduced the Lidl chain which were primarily discount stores and quickly expanded the range of stores business into 30 locations. As an alternative to these stores, he developed Kaufland . In 1984

2664-636: The amount of economic leverage that hypermarket chains can impose upon their suppliers (the Loi Galland ). The predecessor to Ito Yokado was founded in 1920 selling western goods, went public in 1957, and switched to that name in 1965. Seibu Department Stores was founded in 1956, and opened up its grocery chain Seiyu Group in 1963. Isao Nakauchi founded the first Daiei in Kobe in 1957, selling clothing, electronics, furniture and groceries all in one store. Jusco

2736-547: The average maximum temperature is approximately 25 °C (77 °F), however, temperatures occasionally reach 35 to 40 °C (95 to 104 °F) in mid-summer in downtown. Although average humidity during summer is relatively low, most of the annual precipitation occurs during summer, causing infrequent yet heavy storms. Spring and autumn temperatures vary between 16 and 24 °C (61 and 75 °F), and precipitation during this time tends to be lower than in summer but with more frequent yet milder periods of rain. Moldova

2808-600: The brand name "Thrifty Acres". In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the three major US discount store chains – Walmart , Kmart and Target – started developing similar format chains. Wal-Mart (as it was known before its late-2000s rebranding as Walmart) introduced Hypermart USA in 1987, followed by Wal-Mart Supercenter in 1988; The same year, French chains Carrefour and Auchan opened hypermarkets in Philadelphia and Greater Houston , respectively. Kmart opened its first Super Kmart Center in 1991; and Target came with

2880-436: The capital city of Chișinău . Construction of the fourth Moldovan store started on 23 July 2020, in the southern city of Comrat . The beginning of construction at the fifth Moldovan store in the city of Ungheni was announced on 6 October 2020. In 2021, the company announced its 2030 decarbonisation strategy, in partnership with DHL maritime transport. The strategy explained plans to produce 80 percent less carbon dioxide by

2952-662: The capital of the newly created Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic . Following the Soviet occupation, mass deportations, linked with atrocities, were executed by the NKVD between June 1940 and June 1941. More than 400 people were summarily executed in Chișinău in July 1940 and buried in the grounds of the Metropolitan Palace, the Chișinău Theological Institute, and the backyard of the Italian Consulate, where

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3024-559: The centre of the city and constructed in the 1830s, has been described as a "masterpiece" of Neoclassical architecture . The origin of the city's name is unclear. A theory suggests that the name may come from the archaic Romanian word chișla (meaning "spring", "source of water") and nouă ("new"), because it was built around a small spring, at the corner of Pușkin and Albișoara streets. The other version, formulated by (or attributed to ) Ștefan Ciobanu , (occasionally to Iorgu Iordan ) Romanian historian and academician, holds that

3096-552: The city came under bombardment by Nazi air raids . However, the Romanian and newly Moldovan sources assign most of the responsibility for the damage to Soviet NKVD destruction battalions , which operated in Chișinău until 17 July 1941, when it was captured by Axis forces. During the German and Romanian military administration, the city suffered from the Nazi extermination policy of its Jewish inhabitants, who were transported on trucks to

3168-631: The city was again jolted by a devastating earthquake . Several people were killed, and panic broke out. The Intourist Hotel , a flagship property constructed by the Soviet state-owned travel monopoly of the same name , was completed in 1978. On 22 April 1993, the city inaugurated the Monument to the Victims of Jewish Ghettos, a public monument centring on a bronze statue of the Biblical prophet Moses , which serves as

3240-746: The city was home to fourteen factories in 1919. Chișinău is the financial and business capital of Moldova. Its GDP comprises about 60% of the national economy reached in 2012 the amount of 52 billion lei (US$ 4 billion). Thus, the GDP per capita of Chișinău stood at 227% of the Moldova's average. Chișinău has the largest and most developed mass media sector in Moldova, and is home to several related companies ranging from leading television networks and radio stations to major newspapers. All national and international banks (15) have their headquarters located in Chișinău. Notable sites around Chișinău include Cineplex Loteanu,

3312-508: The concept from his frequent trips to the United States, particularly inspired from the Grand Union 's "Grand Way" center in Paramus, New Jersey . Carrefour opened its first hypermarket in 1963, at Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois , France , The co-founders were influenced by the teachings of Colombian-born American marketing executive Bernardo Trujillo , who taught executive education as part of

3384-559: The first Kaufland hypermarket was opened in Neckarsulm , where the corporate headquarters had been located since 1972. After the reunification of Germany the Kaufland chain expanded into the Eastern German states and opened numerous markets. The first East German Kaufland store was opened in Meissen in 1990. In 1998, the first department store outside of Germany was established in Kladno ,

3456-463: The first Target Greatland stores in 1990, followed by the larger SuperTarget stores in 1995. Most Greatland stores have since been converted to SuperTarget stores, while some have been converted into regular Target stores with the exception of 2 entrances (one example of this is the Antioch, California location). In the early 1990s, US hypermarkets also began selling fuel. The idea was first introduced in

3528-678: The hand of Nicholas II in bringing about the October Manifesto . However, these demonstrations suddenly turned into another anti-Jewish pogrom , resulting in 19 deaths. Following the Russian October Revolution , Bessarabia declared independence from the crumbling empire, as the Moldavian Democratic Republic , before joining the Kingdom of Romania . As of 1919, Chișinău, with an estimated population of 133,000, became

3600-1030: The hypermarket category are the membership-based wholesale warehouse clubs that are popular in North America , pioneered by Fedco and today including Sam's Club , a division of Walmart; Costco , in which Carrefour owned some shares from 1985 to 1996; BJ's Wholesale Club on the East Coast; and Clubes City Club in Mexico. In Europe, Makro (owned by METRO AG ) leads the market. However, warehouse clubs differ from hypermarkets in that they have sparse interior decor and require paid membership. In addition, warehouse clubs usually sell bigger packages and have fewer choices in each category of items. Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u Chișinău ( / ˌ k ɪ ʃ ɪ ˈ n aʊ / KISH -in- OW , US also / ˌ k iː ʃ iː ˈ n aʊ / kee-shee- NOW , Romanian: [kiʃiˈnəw] ; formerly known as Kishinev )

3672-439: The incident and resigned later in 1903. The reactions to this incident included a petition to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia on behalf of the American people by US President Theodore Roosevelt in July 1903. On 22 August 1905, another violent event occurred: the police opened fire on an estimated 3,000 demonstrating agricultural workers. Only a few months later, on 19–20 October 1905, a further protest occurred, helping to force

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3744-407: The largest ones covering 24,000 m (260,000 sq ft). A typical Carrefour hypermarket still covers 10,000 m (110,000 sq ft), while the European trend in the 2000s has rather turned towards smaller hypermarkets of 3,000 to 5,000 m (32,000 to 54,000 sq ft). In France, INSEE defines hypermarkets ( French : hypermarché/s ) as non-specialized markets with

3816-429: The late 19th century, especially due to growing anti-Semitic sentiment in the Russian Empire and better economic conditions in Moldova, many Jews chose to settle in Chișinău. By the year 1897, 46% of the population of Chișinău was Jewish, over 50,000 people. As part of the pogrom wave organized in the Russian Empire, a large anti-Semitic riot was organized in the town on 19–20 April 1903, which would later be known as

3888-476: The most significant redevelopment of the city began in 1971, when the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union adopted a decision "On the measures for further development of the city of Kishinev," which secured more than one billion rubles in investment from the state budget , and continued until the independence of Moldova in 1991. The share of dwellings built during the Soviet period (1951–1990) represents 74.3 percent of total households. On 4 March 1977,

3960-413: The name came from the cuman kešene ("grave", kurgan ) and the karachayian " cemetery ", and these came from the Persian kāšāne ( house ) word. [1] Chișinău is known in Russian as Kishinyov ( Кишинёв , pronounced [kʲɪʂɨˈnʲɵf] ), while Moldova's Russian-language media call it Kishineu ( Кишинэу , pronounced [kʲɪʂɨˈnɛʊ] ). It is written Kişinöv in

4032-505: The name was formed the same way as the name of Chișineu (alternative spelt as Chișinău ) in Western Romania , near the border with Hungary. Its Hungarian name is Kisjenő , from which the Romanian name originates. Kisjenő comes from kis "small" and the Jenő, one of the seven Hungarian tribes that entered the Carpathian Basin in 896. At least 24 other settlements are named after the Jenő tribe. A third theory by Kiss Lajos linguist and slavist hold (as possible origin), that

4104-424: The new malls MallDova , Port Mall and best-known retailers, such as N1, Linella, Kaufland, Fourchette and Metro. While many locals continue to shop at the bazaars , many upper class residents and tourists shop at the retail stores and at MallDova. Jumbo, an older mall in the Botanica district, and Sun City, in the centre, are more popular with locals. Several amusement parks exist around the city. A Soviet -era one

4176-733: The only hypermarket or Big-Box Store operational in Australia are Costco Wholesale Warehouses with currently thirteen stores in Australia - four stores in Melbourne , three stores in Sydney , two stores in Brisbane and one store each in Newcastle , Canberra , Adelaide and Perth , with construction underway on the fourteenth store on Queensland's Gold Coast. There were plans for German hypermarket company Kaufland to open stores in Australia announced in 2019; these plans were cancelled in 2020. Hypermarkets did not exist in Iran until 2009 (1388 ه.ش.). Before that, there were some local hypermarkets, but international branches were nonexistent. Despite their late arrival, hypermarkets in Iran have achieved

4248-444: The outskirts of the city and then summarily shot in partially dug pits. The number of Jews murdered during the initial occupation of the city is estimated at 10,000 people. During this time, Chișinău, part of Lăpușna County , was the capital of the newly established Bessarabia Governorate of Romania. As the war drew to a conclusion, the city was once again the scene of heavy fighting as German and Romanian troops retreated. Chișinău

4320-854: The production process and maintain high standards of quality across its meat products. (Number of stores in brackets, as of March 2017) (Total number of stores in brackets) Hypermarket Hypermarkets, like other big-box stores , typically have business models focusing on high-volume, low- margin sales . Typically covering an area of 5,000 to 15,000 square metres (54,000 to 161,000 sq ft), they generally have more than 200,000 different brands of merchandise available at any one time. Because of their large footprints , many hypermarkets choose suburban or out-of-town locations that are easily accessible by automobile. Loblaws established its Real Canadian Superstore chain in 1979. It sells mainly groceries, while also retailing clothing, electronics and housewares. Its largest competitor in Canada

4392-404: The quake was in the Vrancea Mountains , and it led to substantial destruction: 78 deaths and 2,795 damaged buildings (of which 172 were destroyed). In June 1941, in order to recover Bessarabia, Romania entered World War II under the command of the German Wehrmacht , declaring war on the Soviet Union . Chișinău was severely affected in the chaos of the Second World War. In June and July 1941,

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4464-413: The sculptor Alexandru Plămădeală , was erected. In 1933, the first higher education institution in Bessarabia was established, by transferring the Agricultural Sciences Section of the University of Iași to Chișinău, as the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences . On 28 June 1940, as a direct result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact , Bessarabia was annexed by the Soviet Union from Romania, and Chișinău became

4536-415: The second largest city in Romania. Between 1918 and 1940, the center of the city undertook large renovation work. Romania granted important subsidies to its province and initiated large scale investment programs in the infrastructure of the main cities in Bessarabia, expanded the railroad infrastructure and started an extensive program to eradicate illiteracy. In 1927, the Stephen the Great Monument , by

4608-435: The style of Stalinist architecture . This process continued under Nikita Khrushchev , who called for construction under the slogan "good, cheaper, and built faster." The new architectural style brought about dramatic change and generated the style that dominates today, with large blocks of flats arranged in considerable settlements. These Khrushchev-era buildings are often informally called Khrushchyovka . The period of

4680-806: The year 2030 by saving 12,000 tons of CO2 each year, with the use of sustainable marine fuel in all maritime transport of Kaufland products. With an inventory averaging 30,000 items, Kaufland provides a diverse selection of food and goods for daily needs. Alongside products from various manufacturer brands, Kaufland also offers its own brands, including Kaufland Mobile among others. Since 1994, Kaufland has operated its own bakeries. Kaufland expanded its product range to include Demeter products starting from November 2018, catering to consumers seeking organic and biodynamic options. The company maintains its own meat processing facilities located in Möckmühl , Osterfeld , Heilbronn , and Heiligenstadt , as well as in Říčany , Czechia. These facilities enable Kaufland to oversee

4752-451: Was 700,000. Chișinău is the most economically prosperous locality in Moldova and its largest transportation hub. Nearly a third of Moldova's population lives in the metro area. Moldova has a history of winemaking dating back to at least 3,000 BCE, and as the capital city, Chișinău hosts the yearly national wine festival every October. Though the city's buildings were badly damaged during the Second World War and earthquakes, there remains

4824-426: Was abandoning its expansion plans for Australia, two years after buying its first store and six months after starting work on its distribution centre. It had invested about 310 million euro and hired over 200 staff members but never opened a store. The first stores were originally expected to open in 2019 but the launch date had been pushed back to 2021. On 26 September 2019, the first two Moldovan stores were opened in

4896-399: Was captured by the Red Army on 24 August 1944 as a result of the Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive . After the war, Bessarabia was fully reintegrated into the Soviet Union, with around 65 percent of its territory as the Moldavian SSR, while the remaining 35 percent was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR . Two other waves of deportations of Moldova's native population were carried out by

4968-416: Was cleared by antitrust authorities to sell their 12 stores of the famila Handels-Betriebe GmbH & Co. KG Rhein-Neckar and the Cash-&-Carry-Markt Lupus Food Service with 1,400 employees to Kaufland. In January 2010, the Kaufland group had purchased all five Schleckerland drug stores in Ehingen , Geislingen , Tempe, Neu-Ulm , Schwäbisch Gmünd and all but the Neu-Ulm store had been converted to

5040-534: Was created in 1970, and eventually became known as ÆON . In Japanese, hypermarkets are known as 総合スーパー (Sougou Suupaa, General Merchandise Stores). There is a distinction in Japanese between スーパー (Supers) and デパート (Departs) with the former being discounters, but the latter selling luxury brand clothing and quite often high-end groceries as well. Hypermarkets may be found in urban areas as well as less populated areas. The Japanese government encourages hypermarket installations, as mutual investment by financial stocks are

5112-544: Was especially prevalent during the era of South African owned Pick n Pay Stores and a now discontinued format of Kmart Australia Stores known as Super Kmart. This trend in the Australian market soon lost its appeal into the 1990s. Super Kmart stores were discontinued and Coles Supermarkets and Kmart Stores opened in the former location. Pick n Pay continued to operate in Australia until the 2000s when their locations at Aspley and Sunnybank Hills were converted into Coles Supermarkets and Kmart Department Stores. As of 2022,

5184-606: Was opened on 1 June 1875 in preparation for the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) . The town played an important part in the war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire , as the main staging area of the Russian invasion. During the Belle Époque , the mayor of the city was Carol Schmidt , whose contribution to the modernisation of the city is still commemorated by Moldovans. Its population had grown to 92,000 by 1862, and to 125,787 by 1900. In

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