52-562: Kajalgaon is a small town and the district headquarters of Chirang district in the Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) of Assam . The town is created from the continuous urban area of the Bongaigaon urban agglomeration. This article about a location in the Indian state of Assam is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Chirang district Chirang District
104-516: A sari (a long piece of fabric draped around the body) and salwar kameez are worn by women all over India. A bindi is part of a woman's make-up. Despite common belief, the bindi on the forehead does not signify marital status; however, the Sindoor does. Rangoli (or Kolam) is a traditional art very popular among Indian women. In 1991, the Kerala High Court restricted entry of women above
156-491: A 1998 report by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the chief barriers to female education in India are inadequate school facilities (such as sanitary facilities), shortage of female teachers and gender bias in the curriculum (female characters being depicted as weak and helpless). The literacy rate is lower for women compared to men: the literacy rate is 60.6% for women, while for men it is 81.3%. The 2011 census, however, indicated
208-503: A 2001–2011 decadal literacy growth of 9.2%, which is slower than the growth seen during the previous decade. There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in India: effective literacy rates (age 7 and above) in 2011 were 82.14% for men and 65.46% for women. (population aged 15 or older, data from 2015). Contrary to common perception, a large percentage of women in India are actively engaged in traditional and non-traditional work. Despite
260-402: A plain geology. It additionally has undulating regions and the northern pieces of the area lie on the lower regions of Bhutan that has somewhat higher height, which is diminishing towards the southern pieces of the locale. The four sorts of soil found here are Entisols , Inceptisols , Alfisols and Ultisols . The region goes under Lower Brahmaputra Valley Agro-Climatic Zone. The environment
312-420: A vision of gender equality. Historically, women in India have faced legal restrictions that limited their participation in various activities, and these limitations have raised concerns about the cultural practices and values of the country. Previously, these women could not apply simple and natural makeup on film characters because the law did not allow them to do it although the status quo has changed. Along with
364-478: A woman without consent, stalking and sexual acts by person in authority an offense. It also made acid attacks a specific offence with a punishment of imprisonment not less than 10 years and which could extend to life imprisonment and with fine. In 2014, an Indian family court in Mumbai ruled that a husband objecting to his wife wearing a kurta and jeans and forcing her to wear a sari amounts to cruelty inflicted by
416-839: A young girl Mathura in a police station led to country-wide protests in 1979–1980. The protest, widely covered by the national media, forced the Government to amend the Evidence Act, the Criminal Procedure Code, and the Indian Penal Code; and created a new offence, custodial rape. Since alcoholism is often associated with violence against women in India, many women groups launched anti-liquor campaigns in Andhra Pradesh , Himachal Pradesh , Haryana , Odisha , Madhya Pradesh and other states. Many Indian Muslim women have questioned
468-627: Is 41 km from Kajalgaon , the headquarter of Chirang, 7 km from Bongaigaon , 340 km from Siliguri . The district has a headquarters in Kajalgaon . There are 479 revenue villages in the district. Major Towns- Township- Villages- The district has numerous colleges and higher educational institute. Notable colleges- All the college's and higher educational institutions are Affiliated to Bodoland University . Women in India The status of women in India has been subject to many changes over
520-521: Is a 1995 Bollywood film whose main female character, Simran, represented the ideal Indian woman. The film depicts her as a modest, reserved, and respectful female who remains dutiful to her family and never compromises her "purity". Yet, at the same time Simran was discouraged by her father from having a relationship with a man before marriage, especially one he did not know and of whom he did not approve. This film illustrates how women who seek romance for themselves are villainized. In contrast, films such as
572-445: Is a legislative act in India that seeks to protect women from sexual harassment at their place of work. The Act came into force from 9 December 2013. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 introduced changes to the Indian Penal Code, making sexual harassment an expressed offence under Section 354 A, which is punishable up to three years of imprisonment and or with fine. The Amendment also introduced new sections making acts like disrobing
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#1733202256352624-561: Is an administrative district in the Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam state in the North-East of India. The word "Chirang" has derived from Garo word – "chi" means water and "rang" means "rain". It may also be a copy of Tsirang District of neighbouring Bhutan . On the other hand, most of the people regarded the word Chirang is derived from the Bodo word Chirang or Sirang. Si means life and Rang means Money. Chirang district falls under
676-549: Is sharply increasing, the female literacy rate in India is less than the male literacy rate. Far fewer girls than boys are enrolled in school, and many girls drop out. In urban India, girls are nearly on a par with boys in terms of education. However, in rural India, girls continue to be less educated than boys. According to the National Sample Survey Data of 1997, only the states of Kerala and Mizoram have approached universal female literacy. According to scholars,
728-598: Is sub-tropical in nature with warm and sticky summer followed by dry and cool winter. The pre and post-storm months are eccentric and experience whimsical precipitation. Champabati River , Aie River and Manas River move through the area and join the Brahmaputra Waterway. Numerous different feeders, little creeks and streams course through locale. National protected area- Flora and fauna- In 1990 Chirang district became home to Manas National Park , which has an area of 500 km (193.1 sq mi). It shares
780-481: Is the world's longest serving female prime minister. The Constitution of India guarantees to all Indian women equality (Article 14), no discrimination by the State (Article 15(1)), equality of opportunity (Article 16), equal pay for equal work (Article 39(d)) and Article 42. In addition, it allows special provisions to be made by the State in favour of women and children (Article 15(3)), renounces practices derogatory to
832-571: The Centre for the Study of Developing Societies rejected the survey for its methodology and lack of transparency. Also in 2018, the Supreme Court of India struck down a law making it a crime for a man to have sex with a married woman without the permission of her husband. Prior to November 2018, women were forbidden to climb Agasthyarkoodam . A court ruling removed the prohibition. The steady change in
884-624: The Eastern Duars which includes the region between the Sankosh river and the Manas river . Guma, Bijni and Chirang Dooars are three important Dooars in Chirang district. It is a relatively new district in the Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam . Chirang district has been carved out from Bongaigaon district in 2004. Sirang was an area which is covered by valuable soil, plants, trees, flora and fauna or
936-560: The Narmada Bachao Andolan . In 1991, the Kerala High Court restricted the entry of women above the age of 10 and below the age of 50 from Sabarimala Shrine, as they were of the menstruating age. However, on 28 September 2018, the Supreme Court of India lifted the ban on the entry of women. It said that discrimination against women on any grounds, even religious, is unconstitutional. The Government of India declared 2001 as
988-634: The Speaker of the Lok Sabha . However, many women in India continue to face significant difficulties. The rates of malnutrition are exceptionally high among adolescent girls and pregnant and lactating women in India, with repercussions for children 's health. Violence against women , especially sexual violence, is a serious concern in India. During the British Raj , many reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy , Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and Jyotirao Phule fought for
1040-591: The Supreme Court of India said that women officers in the Indian Army can get command positions at par with male officers. The court said that the government's arguments against it were discriminatory, disturbing and based on stereotype. The court also said that permanent commission to all women officers should be made available regardless of their years of service. The government had earlier said that women commanders would not be acceptable to some troops. Though it
1092-491: The 1973 Batch became the first Lady Director General of Police of a State in India when she was appointed DGP of Uttarakhand Police . In 2018 an IPS Officer Archana Ramasundram of 1980 Batch became the first Woman to become the Director General of Police of a Paramilitary Force as DG, Sashastra Seema Bal . In March 2018, Delhi Police announced that it would begin to induct women into its SWAT team. On February 17, 2020,
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#17332022563521144-531: The 2006 Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna and 2022 Gehraiyaan explore more nonconforming female characters. In Gehraiyaan, the main characters struggle with mental illnesses, partake in infidelity, and come from broken families. The overall presence of such characters highlight how the modern Indian woman is less bound to traditional expectations and overall have been entering the workforce, been financially independent, and even sexually freed from earlier standards. Other films with nonconforming female characters include:
1196-470: The 2016 film Dangal , the 2022 film Mili , the 2018 film Raazi , and more. The Indian Armed Forces began recruiting women to non-medical positions in 1992. The Indian Army began inducting women officers in 1992. The Border Security Force (BSF) began recruiting female officers in 2013. On 25 March 2017, Tanushree Pareek became the first female combat officer commissioned by the BSF. On 24 October 2015,
1248-507: The British and later retreated to Nepal. The Begums of Bhopal were also considered notable female rulers during this period. They were trained in martial arts . Chandramukhi Basu , Kadambini Ganguly and Anandi Gopal Joshi were some of the earliest Indian women to obtain a degree. In 1917, the first women's delegation met the Secretary of State to demand women's political rights, supported by
1300-771: The First Lady Indian Police Service Officer and was the only woman in a batch of 80 IPS Officers, she joined the AGMUT Cadre. In 1992 Asha Sinha a 1982 Batch IPS Officer became the First Woman Commandant in the Paramilitary forces of India when she was posted as Commandant, Central Industrial Security Force in Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited . Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya the second Lady IPS Officer of India belonging to
1352-901: The Indian National Congress. The All India Women's Education Conference was held in Pune in 1927, it became a major organisation in the movement for social change. In 1929, the Child Marriage Restraint Act was passed, stipulating fourteen as the minimum age of marriage for a girl. Mahatma Gandhi , himself a victim of child marriage at the age of thirteen, later urged people to boycott child marriages and called upon young men to marry child widows. Women in India now participate fully in areas such as education, sports, politics, media, art and culture, service sectors, science and technology, etc. Indira Gandhi , who served as Prime Minister of India for an aggregate period of fifteen years,
1404-777: The Indian government announced that women could serve as fighter pilots in the Indian Air Force (IAF), having previously only been permitted to fly transport aircraft and helicopters. The decision means that women are now eligible for induction in any role in the IAF. In 2016, India announced a decision to allow women to take up combat roles in all sections of its army and navy. As of 2014, women made up 3% of Indian Army personnel, 2.8% of Navy personnel, and 8.5% of Air Force personnel. As of 2016, women accounted for 5% of all active and reserve Indian Armed forces personnel. In 1972 Kiran Bedi became
1456-559: The Women's Reservation Bill requiring that 33% of seats in India's Parliament and state legislative bodies be reserved for women. In October 2017 another poll published by Thomson Reuters Foundation found that Delhi was the fourth most dangerous megacity (total 40 in the world) for women and it was also the worst megacity in the world for women when it came to sexual violence, risk of rape and harassment. The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013
1508-491: The Year of Women's Empowerment ( Swashakti ). The National Policy For The Empowerment Of Women was passed that same year. In 2006, the case of Imrana , a Muslim rape victim, was highlighted by the media. Imrana was raped by her father-in-law. The pronouncement of some Muslim clerics that Imrana should marry her father-in-law led to widespread protests, and finally Imrana's father-in-law was sentenced to 10 years in prison. The verdict
1560-504: The age of 10 and below the age of 50 from Sabarimala Shrine as they were of the menstruating age. On 28 September 2018, the Supreme Court of India lifted the ban on the entry of women. It said that discrimination against women on any grounds, even religious, is unconstitutional. The Hindi film industry has had a significant impact on the portrayal of women in Indian society. The films often depict women as strong, independent, and capable of making their own choices, thus offering audiences
1612-416: The agriculture and allied industrial sectors, women account for as much as 89.5% of the labour force. In overall farm production, women's average contribution is estimated at 55% to 66% of the total labour. According to a 1991 World Bank report, women accounted for 94% of total employment in dairy production in India. Women constitute 51% of the total employed in forest-based small-scale enterprises. India
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1664-623: The betterment of women. Peary Charan Sarkar , a former student of Hindu College, Calcutta and a member of "Young Bengal", set up the first free school for girls in India in 1847 in Barasat, a suburb of Calcutta (later the school was named Kalikrishna Girls' High School). While this might suggest that there was no positive British contribution during the Raj era, that is not entirely the case. Missionaries' wives such as Martha Mault née Mead and her daughter Eliza Caldwell née Mault are rightly remembered for pioneering
1716-440: The bride moving to live with the in-laws. Families are usually hierarchical, with the elders having authority over the younger generations and men over women. The vast majority of marriages are monogamous (one husband and one wife), but both polygyny and polyandry in India have a tradition among some populations in India. Weddings in India can be quite expensive. Most marriages in India are arranged . With regard to dress,
1768-646: The cause of women. Kittur Chennamma , queen of the princely state Kittur in Karnataka, led an armed rebellion against the British in response to the Doctrine of lapse . Rani Lakshmi Bai , the Queen of Jhansi , led the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the British. She is now widely considered as a national hero. Begum Hazrat Mahal , the co-ruler of Awadh , was another ruler who led the revolt of 1857. She refused deals with
1820-450: The dignity of women (Article 51(A) (e)), and also allows for provisions to be made by the State for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief. (Article 42). Feminist activism in India gained momentum in the late 1970s. One of the first national-level issues that brought women's groups together was the Mathura rape case . The acquittal of policemen accused of raping
1872-506: The education and training of girls in south India. This practice was initially met with local resistance, as it flew in the face of tradition. Raja Rammohan Roy's efforts led to the abolition of Sati under Governor-General William Cavendish-Bentinck in 1829. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's crusade for improvement in the situation of widows led to the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. Many women reformers such as Pandita Ramabai also helped
1924-523: The fundamental leaders' interpretation of women's rights under the Shariat law and have criticised the triple talaq system (see below about 2017). Mary Roy won a lawsuit in 1986, against the inheritance legislation of her Keralite Syrian Christian community in the Supreme Court . The judgement ensured equal rights for Syrian Christian women with their male siblings in regard to their ancestral property. Until then, her Syrian Christian community followed
1976-572: The government to undertake special measures for them. Women's rights under the Constitution of India mainly include equality, dignity, and freedom from discrimination; additionally, India has various statutes governing the rights of women. Several women have served in various senior official positions in the Indian government, including that of the President of India , the Prime Minister of India ,
2028-504: The husband and can be a ground to seek divorce. The wife was thus granted a divorce on the ground of cruelty as defined under section 27(1)(d) of Special Marriage Act, 1954. On 22 August 2017, the Indian Supreme Court deemed instant triple talaq ( talaq-e-biddat ) unconstitutional. A 2018 poll by Thomson Reuters Foundation termed India as the world's most dangerous country for women. The National Commission for Women and
2080-502: The informal economy than their male counterparts. However, there are far fewer women than men in the paid workforce. In urban India, women participate in the workforce in impressive numbers. For example, in the software industry 30% of the workforce is female. These high numbers are also due to the fact that 81% of the urban female workforce is employed in the informal sector. Studies have shown that higher education levels lead to higher income for urban-dwelling women. In rural India in
2132-412: The large number of women involved in the workforce, the country has a female labor force participation rate of just 23%. National data collection agencies accept that statistics seriously understate women's contribution as workers. Reasons for these misleading statistics can be attributed to cultural biases and expectations about women's roles in society. Additionally, more Indian women are employed in
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2184-619: The major factor behind improvements in the social and economic status of women in Kerala is literacy. Under the Non-Formal Education programme (NFE), about 40% of the NFE centres in states and 10% of the centres in UTs are exclusively reserved for women. As of 2000, about 300,000 NFE centres were catering to about 7.42 million children. About 120,000 NFE centres were exclusively for girls. According to
2236-597: The media, the Indian film industry has played an important role in driving changes in the law and improving the lives of women in India; it has sent messages to its audiences that challenge the restrictive nature of society, promoting the idea that women should have the freedom to make their own choices and live their lives on their own terms. The portrayal of women in Hindi cinema (Bollywood) has shifted over time as social norms have changed, and to include diverse representations. Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge , or DDLJ for short,
2288-474: The nation of Suriname . This gives it a ranking of 547th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 244 inhabitants per square kilometre (630/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 11.26%. Chirang has a sex ratio of 969 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 64.71%. 7.33% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 7.29% and 37.06% of
2340-439: The park with four other districts. Chirang has a moderate climate. There is a lot of rainfall in the summer, and in the winter it is quite dry again. The average annual temperature for Chirang is 33° ( degrees )and there is about 248 mm of rain in a year. It is dry for 282 days a year with an average humidity of 42% and an UV-index. According to the 2011 census Chirang district has a population of 482,162, roughly equal to
2392-497: The population respectively. Hindus make up the majority, with 66.50%. Muslims are the second largest with 22.66%. Christians are third with 10.32%. Languages of Chirang district (2011) According to the 2011 census, 37.83% of the population spoke Boro , 28.86% Bengali , 17.66% Assamese , 4.73% Santali , 4.22% Rajbongshi , 2.51% Nepali , 1.11% Kurukh and 1.06% Hindi as their first language. Gelephu,India-Bhutan International border Gelephu, India-Bhutan crossing Gelephu
2444-1034: The position of women can be highlighted by looking at what has been achieved by women in the country: India has one of the highest number of female politicians in the world. Women have held high offices in India including that of the President , Prime Minister , Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Leader of the Opposition . The Indian states Madhya Pradesh , Bihar , Uttarakhand , Himachal Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh , Chhattisgarh , Jharkhand , Kerala , Karnataka , Maharashtra , Orissa , Rajasthan and Tripura have implemented 50% reservation for women in PRIs. Majority of candidates in these Panchayats are women. In 2015, 100% of elected members in Kodassery Panchayat in Kerala are women. There are currently 16 female chief ministers in India as of 2020. As of 2018, 12 out of 29 states and
2496-713: The provisions of the Travancore Succession Act of 1916 and the Cochin Succession Act, 1921, while elsewhere in India the same community followed the Indian Succession Act of 1925. In the 1990s, grants from foreign donor agencies enabled the formation of new women-oriented NGOs. Self-help groups and NGOs such as Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) have played a major role in the advancement of women's rights in India. Many women have emerged as leaders of local movements; for example, Medha Patkar of
2548-459: The things which are necessary for human life. Thus, it is a place which is important for human life or the place which is just like money or valuable for life and is later come to know Si + Rang = Sirang. After some time, the word articulated to Chirang from Sirang. And thus, the word Sirang is latter known as Chirang. Chirang is located in the lower part of Assam .It is located between longitudes 26.58°N (North) 90.61°E(East). The Chirang region has
2600-752: The time of recorded India's history. Their position in society deteriorated early in India's ancient period, especially in the Indo-Aryan speaking regions, and their subordination continued to be reified well into India's early modern period. During the British East India Company rule (1757–1857), and the British Raj (1858–1947), measures aiming at amelioration were enacted, including Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829 , Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856 , Female Infanticide Prevention Act, 1870 , and Age of Consent Act, 1891 . The Indian constitution prohibits discrimination based on sex and empowers
2652-498: The union territory of Delhi have had at least one female Chief Minister. Currently there are 81 women members and 458 male members in the Indian Parliament which equals 15.3% and 84.97% respectively. The status of women in India is strongly connected to family relations. In India, the family is seen as crucially important, and in most of the country, the family unit is patrilineal . Families are usually multi-generational, with
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#17332022563522704-655: Was welcomed by many women's groups and the All India Muslim Personal Law Board. According to a 2011 poll conducted by the Thomson Reuters Foundation , India was the "fourth most dangerous country" in the world for women, India was also noted as the worst country for women among the G20 countries, however, this report has faced criticism for promoting inaccurate perceptions. On 9 March 2010, one day after International Women's day, Rajya Sabha passed
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