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37-402: Kagoshima Bay is on the south coast of the island of Kyūshū . The port city of Kagoshima and its well-protected harbor lie on the bay's western coast, just opposite the former island (now peninsula) of Sakurajima . The bay itself is partially volcanic in origin, with two massive submarine calderas shaping part of the bay's shoreline: The younger Aira Caldera in the northernmost part of

74-435: A GDP equivalent to that of Iran, the 26th largest country in the world, it is the fourth largest economic zone after the three major metropolitan areas of Tokyo , Osaka , and Nagoya . Kyūshū's economy has a well-balanced industrial structure, ranging from primary industries such as agriculture, to secondary industries such as manufacturing, and tertiary industries such as retail, services, and tourism. Agricultural output in

111-719: A few were then divided to give a total of 45 by 1885. Adding Hokkaidō and Okinawa produced the current total of 47 prefectures. Provinces are classified into Kinai (in or near the capital, then Kyoto) and seven or eight dō (routes, or circuits ), collectively known as the Gokishichidō . However, dō in this context should not be confused with modern traffic lines such as the Tōkaidō from Tokyo to Kyoto or Kobe . Also, Hokkaidō in this context should not be confused with Hokkaidō Prefecture , although these two overlap geographically. No order has ever been issued explicitly abolishing

148-528: A land area of 36,782 square kilometres (14,202 sq mi) and a population of 14,311,224 in 2018. In the 8th-century Taihō Code reforms, Dazaifu was established as a special administrative term for the region. The island is mountainous, and Japan's most active volcano, Mount Aso at 1,591 metres (5,220 ft), is on Kyūshū. There are many other signs of tectonic activity, including numerous areas of hot springs . The most famous of these are in Beppu , on

185-406: A large pod of dolphins is a tourist attraction within the bay. 31°28′11″N 130°38′08″E  /  31.46972°N 130.63556°E  / 31.46972; 130.63556 Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB Kyūshū ( 九州 , Kyūshū , pronounced [kʲɯꜜːɕɯː] , lit. 'Nine Provinces ') is the third-largest island of Japan 's four main islands and the most southerly of

222-406: Is 1791 meters (5876 feet) on Mount Kujū . The name Kyūshū comes from the nine ancient provinces of Saikaidō situated on the island: Chikuzen , Chikugo , Hizen , Higo , Buzen , Bungo , Hyūga , Osumi , and Satsuma . Today's Kyūshū Region ( 九州地方 , Kyūshū-chihō ) is a politically defined region that consists of the seven prefectures on the island of Kyūshū (which also includes

259-590: Is based on the Gokishichidō ( 五畿七道 ) , which includes short-lived provinces. Provinces located within Hokkaidō are listed last. Equivalent to Shikoku and its surroundings, as well as a nearby area of Honshu Equivalent to Kyushu and its surroundings Equivalent to Hokkaido and its surroundings. Originally known as the Ezo Region , before being renamed and organized as 11 provinces (1869–1882). Detailed maps of

296-509: Is found at the far northern limit of its northern hemisphere distribution. In the Sakurajima Channel, eel grass grows atypically to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high. Octocorallia coral is found in the deeper southern portions of the bay. A very rare Lamellibrachia tube worm Lamellibrachia satsuma is found in the bay at a very shallow depth for the genus of only 82 m (269 ft). There are many fish and shellfish species and

333-621: Is in operation since September 2022. Kyūshū is also known for its scenic train services, such as the Limited Express Yufuin no Mori and Limited Express Kawasemi Yamasemi. The Kanmon Bridge and Kanmon Roadway Tunnel also connect the island with Honshu, allowing for vehicular transport between the two. The Kyūshū Expressway spans the length of the island, linking the Higashikyushu Expressway and Ibusuki Skyline, connecting major cities such as Fukuoka and Kumamoto along

370-600: Is true for some city names, for example to distinguish Yamato-Koriyama, Nara from Koriyama, Fukushima . Simplified names of provinces ( -shū ) are also used, such as Shinshū soba and Kishū dog . Some of the province names are used to indicate distinct parts of the current prefectures along with their cultural and geographical characteristics. In many cases these names are also in use with directional characters, e.g. Hoku-Setsu ( 北摂 ) meaning Northern ( 北 ) Settsu ( 摂津 ) area. The districts are still considered prefectural subdivisions, but following mergers or divisions of

407-642: Is widely produced. Besides the volcanic area of the south, there are significant mud hot springs in the northern part of the island, around Beppu . The springs are the site of occurrence of certain extremophile microorganisms , which are capable of surviving in extremely hot environments. There are two World Natural Heritage sites in Kyushu: Yakushima (registered in 1993) and Amami-Ōshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island (registered in 2021). Kyūshū's economy accounts for about 10% of Japan's total, and with

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444-558: The han (domain) system, the personal estates of feudal lords and warriors, and became secondary to the domains in the late Muromachi period (1336 to 1573). The Provinces of Japan were replaced with the current prefecture system in the Fuhanken sanchisei during the Meiji Restoration from 1868 to 1871, except for Hokkaido , which was divided into provinces from 1869 to 1882. No order has ever been issued explicitly abolishing

481-652: The Hayato were made to emigrate to the Kinai region after the end of the 7th century. Francis Xavier 's party of Jesuits , having been first refused the right to land in Japan first went ashore in Kagoshima on 15 August 1549. From 1602 to 1871 it was part of the Satsuma Domain . The Bombardment of Kagoshima by British warships in the bay took place in 1863. The 1914 eruption of

518-562: The Ryukyuan lands ( Okinawa and Kagoshima ) and throughout the Kyūshū region. In addition, the other prefectures in Kyūshū also have exceptionally high TFRs compared to the rest of Japan. The Ryukyuans are an indigenous minority group in Japan. Parts of Kyūshū have a subtropical climate , particularly Miyazaki Prefecture and Kagoshima Prefecture . Major agricultural products are rice , tea , tobacco , sweet potatoes , and soy ; also, silk

555-453: The Sakurajima volcano severely damaged Kagoshima. On June 17, 1945, Kagoshima was attacked by B-29 bombers with 2316 persons killed. The recurrent and continuing volcanic activity contributes to the diversity of wildlife on its shores and within its waters. On its shores are rare flora and fauna, including Japanese bay tree and Japanese black pine such as at Arimura beach. The mangrove

592-600: The area was likely repopulated by the Jōmon and then it is likely they were replaced by the Kumaso whose culture was completely suppressed by the 7th century. Tribes of the Hayato people were long established by the 7th century on either peninsula and had submitted and supported imperial rule as servants to the emperor, although the 720 to 721 CE Hayato Rebellion of the Ōsumi Hayato is an exception. Yamato immigrants only became dominant when

629-735: The bay and the Kirishima Mountains north of the bay forming active vents associated with the Aira volcano magma sources, and the smaller 4000-year-old Ikeda Caldera with Mount Kaimon at the southern end of the Satsuma Peninsula forming dormant vents of the Ata volcano. In the inner north of the bay the area of the Wakamiko Caldera within the Aira Caldera erupts volcanic gas which when it reaches

666-545: The bay, and the older Ata Caldera at the mouth of the bay where it meets the East China Sea. Both calderas formed during the Pleistocene from highly explosive Ultra-Plinian volcanic eruptions, Aira approximately 22,000 years ago and Ata approximately 105,000 years ago. Though such enormous eruptions are extremely infrequent, both volcanoes have remained active with much smaller eruptions in historic times, with Sakurajima in

703-543: The east shore, and around Mt. Aso in central Kyūshū. The island is separated from Honshu by the Kanmon Straits . Being the nearest island to the Asian continent , historically it is the gateway to Japan. The total area is 36,782.37 km (14,201.75 sq mi) which makes it the 37th largest island in the world. It's slightly larger than Taiwan island 35,808 km (13,826 sq mi). The highest elevation

740-517: The eastern seaboard shows a general decline in population . Politically, Kyūshū is described as a stronghold of the Liberal Democratic Party . Per Japanese census data, the Kyūshū region's population with Ryukyu Islands ( Okinawa and Kagoshima Prefectures) has experienced a large population decline since around 2000. However, the population decline in total is mild because of the relatively high birth rate of Ryukyuans both within

777-422: The entire Kyūshū region through the creation of innovation in industry and the promotion of new entrepreneurship and start-ups. Kyūshū is a region with strong economic ties to Asia. For example, Asia accounted for 420 (77.9%) of the 539 overseas expansion cases of Kyūshū-Yamaguchi companies from 2010 to 2019, and Asia accounted for 61.1% of Kyūshū-Yamaguchi's total exports in 2019, 7.4 percentage points higher than

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814-574: The first central government . Each province was divided into districts ( 郡 , gun ) and grouped into one of the geographic regions or circuits known as the Gokishichidō (Five Home Provinces and Seven Circuits). Provincial borders often changed until the end of the Nara period (710 to 794), but remained unchanged from the Heian period (794 to 1185) until the Edo period (1603 to 1868). The provinces coexisted with

851-418: The former Tsushima and Iki as part of Nagasaki), plus Okinawa Prefecture to the south: Kyūshū has 10.3   percent of the population of Japan. Most of Kyūshū's population is concentrated along the northwest, in the cities of Fukuoka and Kitakyushu , with population corridors stretching southwest into Sasebo and Nagasaki and south into Kumamoto and Kagoshima . Except for Oita and Miyazaki ,

888-482: The four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa and the other Ryukyu ( Nansei ) Islands ). In the past, it has been known as Kyūkoku ( 九国 , "Nine Countries") , Chinzei ( 鎮西 , "West of the Pacified Area") and Tsukushi-no-shima ( 筑紫島 , "Island of Tsukushi") . The historical regional name Saikaidō ( 西海道 , lit. West Sea Circuit ) referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands. Kyushu has

925-453: The late Muromachi period , however, they were gradually supplanted by the domains of the sengoku daimyō . Under the rule of Toyotomi Hideyoshi during Azuchi–Momoyama period, the provinces were supplemented as primary local administrative units. The local daimyōs ' fiefs were developed. In the Edo period , the fiefs became known as han . Imperial provinces and shogunal domains made up complementary systems. For example, when

962-408: The nation as a whole. As the logistics node between Japan and Asia, the ports of Hakata and Kitakyushu handle a large number of international containers. In addition, the number of cruise ship calls in 2019 was 772, with Kyūshū accounting for 26.9% of the nation's total. Kyūshū is noted for various types of porcelain , including Arita, Imari, Satsuma, and Karatsu. Heavy industry is concentrated in

999-544: The newer Shin-Kanmon Tunnel carrying the San'yō Shinkansen . Railways on the island are operated by the Kyūshū Railway Company and West Japan Railway Company , as well as a variety of smaller companies such as Amagi Railway and Nishitetsu Railway . Kyūshū Shinkansen trains operate between major cities on the island, such as Fukuoka and Kagoshima , with an additional route between Takeo-Onsen and Nagasaki which

1036-623: The north around Fukuoka, Kitakyushu, Nagasaki, and Oita and includes chemicals, automobiles, semiconductors, metal processing, shipbuilding, etc. The island of Tanegashima hosts the Tanegashima Space Center , which is the largest rocket-launch complex in Japan. Kyūshū is linked to the larger island of Honshu by the Kanmon Railway Tunnel , which carries the non- Shinkansen trains of the Kyūshū Railway Company , and

1073-523: The provinces they may be shared among several prefectures (such as the original Adachi District of Musashi , which is now divided between Adachi Ward in Tokyo and Kita-Adachi District in Saitama ). Many of these old provincial districts have been dissolved as their chief towns have been merged into larger cities or towns. See individual prefecture pages for mergers and abolitions of districts. The following list

1110-457: The provinces, but they are considered obsolete as administrative units. The provinces are still used in general conversation, especially in navigation and transportation, and referenced in products and geographical features of the prefectures covering their former territories. The provinces were originally established by the Ritsuryō reforms as both administrative units and geographic regions. From

1147-625: The provinces, but they are considered obsolete. Nevertheless, their names are still widely used in names of natural features, company names, and brands. These province names are considered to be mainly of historical interest. They are also used for the names of items, including family names , most of which were popularized in or after the Edo period . Examples include sanuki udon , iyokan , tosa ken , Chikuzenni , and awa odori . Japan Rail and other railway stations also use them in names to distinguish themselves from similarly named stations in other prefectures, such as Musashi-Kosugi Station . The same

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1184-576: The region amounts to 1.8 trillion yen (20% share of the national total), and the region is a major domestic production center for the automobile and semiconductor industries. Kyūshū also has a thriving healthcare industry, including medical and nursing care, and numerous research and manufacturing facilities in the fields of hydrogen , solar power , and other renewable energies. Furthermore, Fukuoka City , Kitakyushu City and Okinawa Prefecture have been designated as National Strategic Special Zones , which are expected to have an economic ripple effect on

1221-485: The shōgun ordered a daimyō to make a census or to make maps, the work was organized in terms of the boundaries of the provincial kuni . At the Meiji Restoration , the han were legitimized as administrative units by the reform known as the Fuhanken Sanchisei , but they were gradually replaced by prefectures between 1868 and 1871 (urban prefectures were called fu and rural prefectures ken ). Provinces as part of

1258-450: The surface of the sea is called Tagiri (which means 'to boil' in Japanese). Hydrothermal vents including volcanic chimneys with rare mineral deposition exist on the bay's sea bottom. The massive Akahoya eruption to the south around 7,300 cal.   BP depopulated the bay by pyroclastic flow, tsunami and ash during the earliest stage of the Jōmon period . Before written records

1295-459: The system of addresses were not abolished but, on the contrary, augmented. As of 1871, the number of prefectures was 304, while the number of provinces was 68, not including Hokkaidō or the Ryūkyū Islands . The boundaries between the many prefectures were not only very complicated, but also did not match those of the provinces. Prefectures were gradually merged to reduce the number to 37 by 1881;

1332-478: The top Japanese division of baseball , football (soccer) , basketball or even rugby union . Currently the major teams competing in Kyushu's major cities include: Provinces of Japan Provinces of Japan ( 令制国 , Ryōseikoku ) were first-level administrative divisions of Japan from the 600s to 1868. Provinces were established in Japan in the late 7th century under the Ritsuryō law system that formed

1369-899: The way. There are also many quiet country roads, including popular tourist routes such as the Nichinan coast road and the Aso Panorama Line in Kumamoto Prefecture . Bus services are available and cover 2,400 routes within Kyūshū's cities, connecting many other destinations. Several passenger and car ferry services connect both northern and southern Kyūshū with main port cities on the main island of Honshu (Kobe, Osaka, Tokyo) and Shikoku . Major universities and colleges in Kyūshū: World Heritage Sites in Kyūshū Historically some Kyushu-based sports team has competed in

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