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32-522: The village was of its Palestinian residents Much of the village's ruins were built over as the neighboring Israeli town of Kfar Saba expanded in the late 20th century; the location of the built-up area of the village is now the Shikun Kaplan area of Kfar Saba, and part of it is known as the "Kfar Saba Archaeological Garden" or "Tel Kfar Saba". Two domed maqams remain, located on either side of Route 55 between Kfar Saba and Qalqilya . The larger of

64-507: A Samaritan family who resided in Kafr Saba before their destruction or conversion. Around the year 985, al-Maqdisi described the place as a large village with a mosque that was situated on the road to Damascus . In 1047 Nasir Khusraw described it as a town on the road to Ramla rich in fig and olive trees. A five-line inscription recording the grave of Sayf al-Din Bari, dated 1299–1300 CE

96-489: A part of Israel and were renamed ( Acre , Haifa , Safad , Tiberias , Ashkelon , Beersheba , Jaffa and Beisan ) fled or were expelled. Most of the Palestinians who remain there are internally displaced people from the villages nearby. A number of the towns and villages were destroyed by Israeli forces in the aftermath of the 1948 war, but it was not until 1965 that more than 100 remaining locations – including many of

128-468: Is based on actual observation of the moon's crescent ( hilal ) marking the end of the previous lunar cycle and hence the previous month, thereby beginning the new month. Consequently, each month can have 29 or 30 days depending on the visibility of the moon, astronomical positioning of the earth and weather conditions. However, certain sects and groups, most notably Bohras Muslims namely Alavis , Dawoodis and Sulaymanis and Shia Ismaili Muslims, use

160-544: The 1947–1949 Palestine war , or the Nakba , around 400 Palestinian Arab towns and villages were forcibly depopulated , with a majority being destroyed and left uninhabitable. Today these locations are all in Israel ; many of the locations were repopulated by Jewish immigrants , with their place names replaced with Hebrew place names . Arabs remained in small numbers in some of the cities ( Haifa , Jaffa and Acre ); and Jerusalem

192-713: The Gregorian calendar . The year 2024 CE corresponds to the Islamic years AH   1445 – 1446; AH   1446 corresponds to 2024 – 2025 in the Common Era. The Hijri era is calculated according to the Islamic lunar calendar , whose epoch (first year) is the year of Muhammad's Hijrah , and begins on the first day of the month of Muharram (equivalent to the Julian calendar date of July 16, 622 CE). The date of

224-669: The Hijrah , is commemorated in Islam for its role in the founding of the first Muslim community ( ummah ). In the West, this era is most commonly denoted as AH ( Latin : Anno Hegirae , / ˈ æ n oʊ ˈ h ɛ dʒ ɪ r iː / , lit.   ' in the year of the Hijra ' ) in parallel with the Christian / Common (AD/CE) and Jewish eras (AM) and can similarly be placed before (preferably) or after

256-564: The Mamluk period remain engraved on the stone walls of the tomb, but the cloths embroidered with verses from the Qur'an , with which the gravestones were draped, have been replaced by draperies bearing verses from the Hebrew Bible ." Benvenisti frames this transformation, and others similar to it, in the context of, "a wholesale appropriation of the sacred sites of a defeated religious community by members of

288-668: The Talmud in connection to grain tithing and the Capharsaba sycamore fig tree. Kfar Saba is mentioned in the Mosaic of Rehob , the oldest known Talmudic text, which dates from around the 3rd century . In the Byzantine periods the ruins of the bathhouse were first converted into fish pools, and later into some form of industrial installation. Samaritan author Benyamim Tsedaka names the Baalah family as

320-482: The administrative banner of Nablus Sanjak . It had a population of 42 households and an estimated 231 persons, all Muslim . The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 8,314 akçe . 3/24 the revenue went to a Waqf . In 1730, the Egyptian Sufi traveller al-Luqaimi visited Kafr Saba and saw

352-635: The Hijrah itself did not form the Islamic New Year . Instead, the system continues the earlier ordering of the months, with the Hijrah occurring around the 8th day of Rabi al-Awwal , 66 days into the first year. Unlike Sunnis, Twelver Shias start the Hijri year with the month of the Hijra, Rabi' al-Awwal, rejecting that Muharram is the start of a new year. As a result of this, the dates of some events are described differently by one year. For example, Shias state that

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384-526: The Muharram-transpiring battle of Karbala occurred 60 years after the Hijra, while Sunnis state it to have occurred 61 years after. In Shia Islam, the calendar year is entirely determined by solar observation or calculation. Each year begins on the northward equinox . By the age of Muhammad, there was already an Arabian lunar calendar , with named months. Likewise, the years of its calendar used conventional names rather than numbers: for example,

416-419: The coastal plain west of the village. In the 1870s, the village of Kafr Saba was described as a village built of stone and adobe brick and was situated on a low hill. It contained a mosque and was surrounded by sandy ground with olive groves to the north. Its population was estimated to be 800. In 1870/1871 (1288 AH ), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiyah (sub-district) of Bani Sa'b. Part of

448-490: The date. In predominantly Muslim countries , it is also commonly abbreviated H ("Hijra") from its Arabic abbreviation hāʾ ( هـ ). Years prior to AH 1 are reckoned in English as BH ("Before the Hijra"), which should follow the date. A year in the Islamic lunar calendar consists of twelve lunar months and has only 354 or 355 days in its year. Consequently, its New Year's Day occurs ten days earlier each year relative to

480-442: The highway, and new agricultural land were cultivated to the west of the village. In the 1945 statistics it had population of 1,270 Muslims, while the total land area was 9,688 dunams , according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 1,026 dunums were used for citrus and bananas, 4,600 dunums for cereals, while 355 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards, of which 30 dunums were planted with olive trees. In

512-530: The largest depopulated places – were demolished by the Israel Land Administration . There are more than 120 "village memorial books" documenting the history of the depopulated Palestinian villages. These books are based on accounts given by villagers. Rochelle A. Davis has described the authors as seeking "to pass on information about their villages and their values to coming generations". The towns and villages listed below are arranged according to

544-493: The months leading up to the 1948 war, the local militia from Kafr Saba had attacked the neighboring Jewish town of Kfar Saba several times. The Arab Liberation Army (ALA), an army consisting of volunteers from several neighboring Arab countries, supported the Kafr Saba militia with troops during these intermittent attacks. Historian Saleh Abdel Jawad writes that a massacre occurred in the village on 14 May, killing 11-20. The Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi , described

576-406: The new Muslim calendar the hijrah , the emigration of Muhammad and 70 Muslims from Mecca to Medina . Tradition credits Othman with the successful proposal, simply continuing the order of the months that had already been established by Muhammad , beginning with Muharram , as there was no set order of months during the pre-Islamic era (Age of Ignorance - Jahiliya ). Adoption of this calendar

608-407: The remaining structures on the village land in 1992: "The village site has been used for the construction of new residential quarters within an industrial area that is part of the settlement of Kefar Sava. Some of the old village houses have survived destruction and are located today within the settlement; a number of them are used as commercial buildings. The two shrines, the school, and the ruins of

640-559: The shrine for a local religious figure, the Tomb of Benjamin. In 1808, a riwāq or arcaded prayer hall was constructed, according to a now vanished inscription. This riwāq occupies the south side of the main enclosure of the shrine. In the 1860s, the Ottoman authorities granted the village an agricultural plot of land called Ghabat Kafr Saba in the former confines of the Forest of Arsur (Ar. al-Ghaba) in

672-483: The subdistricts of Mandatory Palestine in which they were situated. Anno Hegirae The Hijri year ( Arabic : سنة هجرية , romanized :  sanat hijriyya ) or era ( Arabic : التقويم الهجري , romanized :  at-taqwīm al-hijrī ) is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar . It begins its count from the Islamic New Year in which Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Yathrib (now Medina ) in 622 CE. This event, known as

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704-630: The two is called the Tomb of Benjamin and is situated on the east side. About 40 meters (44 yd) away, on the west side of the road, is a much smaller shrine named Nabi Serakha. The Tomb of Benjamin shrine sits on what has historically been considered by Jews to be the biblical character Benjamin and was later taken over by the Breslov sect of Haredi Judaism . The origins of the name are not known – in Hebrew and Aramaic , it means 'grandfather village'. Residents of

736-429: The victorious one." The Jewish town of Kfar Saba, founded in 1903, was situated southwest of the village on the eve of the war. Following the war, it expanded to cover much of the village land. The location of the built-up area of the village is now the Shikun Kaplan area of modern Kfar Saba, and part of it is known as the "Kfar Saba Archaeological Garden" or "Tel Kfar Saba". Beit Berl , established in 1947 northwest of

768-520: The village cemetery remain. The shrines have arched entrances and are surmounted with domes. The land around the site is cultivated by Israelis." After the war, the shrine near the town was abandoned. After 1967, the ruin was taken over by the Breslov sect of Hasidic Judaism , which claimed it was the Tomb of Benjamin , father of Tribe of Benjamin , one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel . Meron Benvenisti writes in 2002, "the dedicated inscriptions from

800-418: The village site, is on village land. The moshav of Neve Yamin was established in 1949 to the east of the village site on land around the shrine for al-Nabi Yamin. The Kibbutz of Nir Eliyahu was established in 1950 about 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) northeast of the village site, on lands of nearby Qalqilyah . List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947%E2%80%931949 Palestine war During

832-617: The village was sold to the Jewish Colonisation Association during the Ottoman period . Jewish immigrants to Palestine established a moshava on the land and called it Kfar Saba . In the 1922 census there were 546 villagers, all Muslim, increasing in the 1931 census to a population of 765, still all Muslims, in a total of 169 houses. The village expanded in the British Mandate period; new houses were built along

864-540: The village were said to be Hebronites who migrated to the area due to crop failures. Excavations in Kafr Saba have revealed the remains of a large Roman bathhouse . Capharsaba was an important settlement during the Second Temple period and is mentioned for the first time in the writings of Josephus in his account of the attempt of Alexander Jannaeus to halt an invasion from the north led by Antiochus XII Dionysus (Antiquities, book 13, chapter 15). Kfar Saba appears in

896-419: The year 2008 CE maps to the last week of AH 1428, all of 1429, and the first few days of 1430. Similarly, the year 1976 CE corresponded with the last few days of AH 1395, all of 1396, and the first week of 1397. The Hijri year has twelve months, whose precise lengths vary by sect of Islam. Each month of the Islamic calendar commences on the birth of the new lunar cycle. Traditionally this

928-517: The year of the birth of Muhammad and of Ammar ibn Yasir (570 CE) was known as the " Year of the Elephant ". The first year of the Hijra (622-23 CE) was named the "Permission to Travel" in this calendar. 17 years after the Hijra , a complaint from Abu Musa Ashaari prompted the caliph Umar to abolish the practice of named years and to establish a new calendar era . Umar chose as epoch for

960-601: Was divided between Jordan and Israel . Around 30,000 Palestinians remained in Jerusalem in what became the Arab part of it ( East Jerusalem ). In addition, some 30,000 non-Jewish refugees relocated to East Jerusalem, while 5,000 Jewish refugees moved from the Old City to West Jerusalem on the Israeli side. An overwhelming number of the Arab residents who had lived in the cities that became

992-509: Was recorded within the shrine enclosure in 1922. The present location of this inscription is unknown. A sabil or public water fountain is situated on the east side of the main enclosure. An inscription embedded on the right side of the sabil referred to the foundation of a fountain for the public by Tankiz , governor of Damascus in 1311–1312. In 1596, Kafr Saba was part of the Ottoman Empire , nahiya (subdistrict) of Bani Sa'b under

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1024-639: Was then enforced by Umar. Different approximate conversion formulas between the Gregorian (AD or CE) and Islamic calendars (AH) are possible: or Given that the Islamic New Year does not begin January 1 and that a Hijri calendar year is about 11 days shorter than a Gregorian calendar year, there is no direct correspondence between years of the two eras. A given Hijri year will usually fall in two successive Gregorian years. A CE year will always overlap two or occasionally three successive Hijri years. For example,

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