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109-470: Jurupa Valley ( Serrano : Hurumpa ) is a city in the northwest corner of Riverside County, California , United States. It was the location of one of the earliest non-native settlements in the county, Rancho Jurupa . The Rancho was initially an outpost of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel , then a Mexican land grant in 1838. The name is derived from a Native American village that existed in

218-745: A grassroots campaign to, in his own words, "take back America from the confederacy of corruption , careerism , and campaign consulting in Washington". In his stump speech , first used while announcing his candidacy on the steps of Independence Hall in Philadelphia , Brown said he would accept campaign contributions from individuals only and that he would not accept more than $ 100. Continuing with his populist reform theme, he assailed what he dubbed "the bipartisan Incumbent Party in Washington" and called for term limits for members of Congress . Citing various recent scandals on Capitol Hill , particularly

327-570: A toll-free telephone number . During the campaign, Brown's repetition of this number and moralistic language led some to call him a "political televangelist " with an "anti-politics gospel". Despite poor showings in the Iowa caucus (1.6%) and the New Hampshire primary (8%), Brown won narrow victories in Maine , Colorado , Nevada , and Vermont , but he continued to be considered a small threat for much of

436-563: A " strong mayor " structure, where the mayor would act as chief executive over the nonpolitical and thus the various city departments, and break tie votes on the Oakland City Council. In November 1998, Oakland's electorate voted by a landslide margin of 3 to 1 in support of Measure X, which would shift the city government to the strong mayor model for a period of six years. A referendum permanently extending Measure X later passed in 2004, after failing to pass in 2002, thus making permanent

545-454: A "first step in bringing us toward a solar-powered space satellite to provide solar energy for this planet"; and, in the wake of the 1979 Three Mile Island accident , opposition to nuclear power . On the subject of the 1979 energy crisis , Brown decried the " Faustian bargain " that he claimed Carter had entered into with the oil industry , and declared that he would greatly increase federal funding of research into solar power . He endorsed

654-634: A German immigrant, settled in California in 1852 during the California Gold Rush . Brown was a member of the California Cadet Corps at St. Ignatius High School , where he graduated in 1955. In 1955, Brown entered Santa Clara University for a year and left to attend Sacred Heart Novitiate , a Jesuit novice house in Los Gatos , intent on becoming a Catholic priest . Brown resided at

763-669: A candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1976 and 1980 . He declined to pursue a third term as governor in 1982 , instead making an unsuccessful run for the United States Senate that same year , losing to San Diego mayor and future governor Pete Wilson . After traveling abroad, Brown returned to California and served as the sixth Chairman of the California Democratic Party (1989–1991), attempting to run for U.S. president once more in 1992 but losing

872-539: A case, "unless you want as much of a future in this state as Jerry Brown". The assistant DA responds, "Who's Jerry Brown?" In Oakland, Brown became involved as an activist in local political matters, including bay-front development and campaign finance reform. In 1996, Brown unsuccessfully urged Oakland mayor Elihu Harris to appoint him to a seat on the Oakland Port Commission. After Oakland mayor Elihu Harris decided against seeking reelection, Brown ran in

981-574: A long time ago." Brown sponsored nearly two dozen crime initiatives to reduce the crime rate, although crime decreased by 13 percent overall, the city still suffered a "57 percent spike in homicides his final year in office, to 148 overall". Brown's largely successful first term as mayor of Oakland was documented in a one-hour KQED documentary, "The Celebrity and the City" (2001) that evaluated his record in dealing with his four stated goals: reducing crime, improving education, attracting 10,000 new residents to

1090-472: A multi-million dollar work-live complex, serving both as his residence and as a workspace. Among other features, it included a broadcast studio and a 400-seat auditorium. Brown launched a national talk radio show from his Oakland complex, which he would continue to produce until October 1997. In 1995, with Brown's political career at a low point, in the motion picture Jade , the fictional governor of California tells an assistant district attorney to drop

1199-879: A pair of antisemitic comments about Jews in general, and New York City's Jews in particular, while running for president in 1984, was still mistrusted by the Jewish community. Jackson also had ties to Louis Farrakhan , infamous for his own antisemitic statements, and to Yasir Arafat , the chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization . Brown's polling numbers suffered. On April 7, he lost narrowly to Bill Clinton in Wisconsin (37%–34%), and dramatically in New York (41%–26%). Brown continued to campaign, but won no further primaries. Despite being overwhelmingly outspent, he won upset victories in seven states and his "votes won to

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1308-686: A personal residence, and in the Lakeside Apartments District near Lake Merritt . The 10K plan has touched the historic Old Oakland district, the Chinatown district, the Uptown district, and Downtown . Brown surpassed the stated goal of attracting 10,000 residents according to city records, and built more affordable housing than previous mayoral administrations. Brown had campaigned on fixing Oakland's schools, but "bureaucratic battles" dampened his efforts. He concedes he never had control of

1417-418: A picture of a hippie - fascist state, satirizing what they considered his mandating of liberal ideas in a fascist manner, commenting on what lyricist Jello Biafra saw as the corrosive nature of power. The imaginary Brown had become President Brown presiding over secret police and gas chambers. Biafra later said in an interview with Nardwuar that he now feels differently about Brown; as it turned out, Brown

1526-450: A politician. I then come back into the world of California and politics, with critical distance from some of my more comfortable assumptions." He also visited Mother Teresa in Calcutta, India , where he ministered to the sick in one of her hospices . He explained, "Politics is a power struggle to get to the top of the heap. Calcutta and Mother Teresa are about working with those who are at

1635-527: A program of tax credits for those who do not smoke or otherwise damage their health, saying: "Those who abuse their bodies should not abuse the rest of us by taking our tax dollars." Brown also called for expanding the use of acupuncture and midwifery . As Brown's campaign began to attract more members of what some more conservative commentators described as "the fringe", including activists like Jane Fonda , Tom Hayden , and Jesse Jackson , his polling numbers began to suffer. Brown received only 10 percent of

1744-419: A reputation as a fiscal conservative . The American Conservative later noted he was "much more of a fiscal conservative than Governor Reagan ". His fiscal restraint resulted in one of the biggest budget surpluses in state history, roughly $ 5 billion. For his personal life, Brown refused many of the privileges and perks of the office, forgoing the newly constructed 20,000 square-foot governor's residence in

1853-534: A resurgent downtown, and encouraging the arts. Brown was reelected as mayor in 2002 . In 2004, Brown expressed interest to be a candidate for the Democratic nomination for Attorney General of California in the 2006 election, and in May 2004, he formally filed to run. He defeated his Democratic primary opponent, Los Angeles city attorney Rocky Delgadillo , 63% to 37%. In the general election, Brown defeated Republican state senator Charles Poochigian 56.3% to 38.2%, one of

1962-552: A two-thirds supermajority to raise taxes. Max Neiman, a professor at the Institute of Governmental Studies at University of California, Berkeley, credited Brown for "bailing out local government and school districts", but felt it was harmful "because it made it easier for people to believe that Proposition 13 wasn't harmful". In an interview in 2014, Brown indicated that a "war chest" would have helped his campaign for an alternative to Proposition 13. Brown began his first campaign for

2071-522: A white settlement at Lake Arrowhead, during which buildings were burned. Three American ranch hands were killed at a ranch called Los Flores in Summit Valley, near present-day Hesperia. Tribal leader Santos Manuel led the survivors from the mountains to the valley, where they established permanent residence adjacent to the hot springs near present-day Highland . In 1891 the United States established

2180-633: Is home to the Jurupa Unified School District . The district operates seventeen elementary schools, four middle schools, two continuation schools, and three high schools, including: A small portion of Jurupa Valley attends schools in the Corona-Norco Unified School District . Public transportation in Jurupa Valley is provided by Riverside Transit Agency . Also, Jurupa Valley/Pedley station (formerly Pedley Station)

2289-604: Is located north and west of the Santa Ana River across from Riverside, California , south of the Riverside– San Bernardino county line, and east of Interstate 15 . It includes the nine distinct neighborhoods, or communities, of Belltown , Crestmore Heights , Glen Avon , Indian Hills, Jurupa Hills, Pedley , Rubidoux , Sunnyslope , and Mira Loma . Serrano people Today the Maarrênga'yam are enrolled in

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2398-406: Is served by Metrolink . Jurupa Valley is home to Flabob Airport , a small public-use airport. However, commercial flights are served by the nearby Ontario International Airport . The major freeways in Jurupa Valley are Interstate 15 , which serves as the city's western border, and California State Route 60 , which runs along the northern side of the city. Notable sites include: Jurupa Valley

2507-742: The Chicago Sun-Times , picked up on the nickname from Brown's girlfriend at the time, Linda Ronstadt , who was quoted in a 1978 Rolling Stone magazine interview humorously calling him "Moonbeam". A year later, Royko expressed his regret for publicizing the nickname, and in 1991 Royko disavowed it entirely, proclaiming Brown to be just as serious as any other politician. Some notable figures were given priority correspondence access to him in either advisory or personal roles. These included United Farm Workers of America founder Cesar Chavez , Hewlett-Packard co-founder David Packard , labor leader Jack Henning , and Charles Manatt , then-Chairman of

2616-458: The 39th Congressional District , represented by Democrat Mark Takano . California is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Laphonza Butler and Alex Padilla . As of February 10, 2023, there are 51,709 registered voters in Jurupa Valley. Of these, 23,505 (45.5%) are registered Democrats, 13,254 (25.6%) are registered Republicans, 11,330 (21.9%) are independent , and 3,350 (6.5%) are registered with other parties. Jurupa Valley

2725-563: The Cahuilla and Quechan tribes, in 1812 the Serrano revolted against it and other local missions practicing Indian reductions . There is significant historical documentation of trade between Serrano peoples, other, non-Serrano Indigenous groups, and the Spanish in California during the 18th and 19th centuries. Diary accounts of trade from Franciscans and oral accounts from Native Serrano both discuss

2834-590: The California Fair Political Practices Commission . In 1974, Brown ran in a highly contested Democratic primary for Governor of California against speaker of the California Assembly Bob Moretti , San Francisco mayor Joseph L. Alioto , Representative Jerome R. Waldie , and others. Brown won the primary with the name recognition of his father, Pat Brown, whom many people admired for his progressive administration. In

2943-628: The California Supreme Court and won cases against Standard Oil of California , International Telephone and Telegraph , Gulf Oil , and Mobil for election law violations. In addition, he forced legislators to comply with campaign disclosure laws. Brown also drafted and helped to pass the California Political Reform Act of 1974, Proposition 9, passed by 70% of California's voters in June 1974. Among other provisions, it established

3052-479: The Democratic primary to Bill Clinton . He then moved to Oakland, where he hosted a talk radio show; Brown soon returned to public life, serving as mayor of Oakland (1999–2007) and attorney general of California (2007–2011). He ran for his third and fourth terms as governor in 2010 and 2014 , his eligibility to do so having stemmed from California's constitutional grandfather clause . On October 7, 2013, he became

3161-532: The Department of Education ". Brown scored surprising wins in Connecticut and Colorado and seemed poised to overtake Clinton. Due to his limited budget, Brown began to use a mixture of alternative media and unusual fundraising techniques. Unable to pay for actual commercials, he frequently used cable television and talk radio interviews as a form of free media to get his message out. To raise funds, he purchased

3270-858: The Morongo Band of Mission Indians , and the Yuhaviatam are enrolled in the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians . Some other Serrano people are enrolled in the Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians . The Serrano are typically divided into the Mountain Serrano and the Desert Serrano. The Desert Serrano historically occupied the Western and Central Mojave Desert along the Mojave River. The Mojave River Region begins in

3379-609: The Peripheral Canal project to transport water from near Sacramento around the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta into the Central Valley Project and export it to southern California. It was submitted to the voters for approval as a ballot proposition in 1982, but was turned down. In 1981, Brown, who had established a reputation as a strong environmentalist, was confronted with a serious medfly infestation in

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3488-701: The Riverside County Local Agency Formation Commission that it might be necessary to disincorporate. In September 2015, Senate Bill 25 was passed by the California Assembly and Senate to restore funding to cities, but was vetoed by then Governor Jerry Brown . Later in the month Senate Bill 107 was signed by the governor. It remediated many of the outstanding debts of Jurupa Valley, as well as three other recently incorporated cities in Riverside County. The city of Jurupa Valley

3597-747: The San Bernardino Mountains and extended northwest into the Mojave River area of the Mojave Desert and west into the Tejon Creek watershed in the Tehachapi Mountains . The Serrano populations along Tejon Creek were identified as the Cuahajai or Cuabajay , their exonyms by the neighboring Mojave tribe. Mountain camps were used for hunting. One such encampment was accidentally unearthed by

3706-533: The San Francisco Bay Area . The state's agricultural industry advised him, and the US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service ( APHIS ), to authorize airborne spraying of the region. Initially, in accordance with his environmental protection stance, he chose to authorize ground-level spraying only. Unfortunately, the infestation spread as the medfly reproductive cycle out-paced

3815-676: The San Manuel Reservation for the Serrano people, which took its name to honor of Chief Santos Manuel. The Serrano historically lived in the San Bernardino Mountains and into the San Bernardino Valley , and later extended northwest through east into the Mojave Desert , and west into the San Gabriel Mountains , the Sierra Pelona Mountains , and the southern Tehachapi Mountains . The Serrano populated

3924-640: The University of California, Berkeley and Yale Law School , he practiced law and began his political career as a member of the Los Angeles Community College District Board of Trustees (1969–1971). He was elected to serve as the 23rd secretary of state of California from 1971 to 1975. At 36, Brown was elected to his first term as governor in 1974 , making him the youngest California governor in 111 years. In 1978 , he won his second term. During his governorship, Brown ran unsuccessfully as

4033-458: The Yurok . San Manuel Public Relations Manager, Jenna Brady, believes that these ancient trade relations should be maintained to both stimulate cultural growth and to stimulate economic security for Indigenous Californian groups. The tribe is currently analyzing prospects of new and ongoing inter-tribal relations, based on historic trade relations. Estimates have varied as scholars struggle to determine

4142-454: The death penalty and vetoed it as governor, which the legislature overrode in 1977. He also appointed judges who opposed capital punishment. One of these appointments, Rose Bird as the chief justice of the California Supreme Court , was voted out in 1987 after a strong campaign financed by business interests upset by her "pro-labor" and "pro-free speech" rulings. The death penalty was only "a trumped-up excuse" to use against her, even though

4251-457: The " depletion allowance ", a tax break for the state's oil industry, despite the efforts of lobbyist Joe Shell , a former intraparty rival to Nixon. In 1975, Brown opposed Vietnamese immigration to California, saying that the state had enough poor people. He added, “There is something a little strange about saying ‘Let's bring in 500,000 more people’ when we can't take care of the 1 million (Californians) out of work.” Brown strongly opposed

4360-581: The 1838 Mexican land grant Rancho Jurupa , which the Jurupa Valley area had been part of. The Rancho in turn derived its name from a previous Jurupa rancho operated by the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel , until the mission was disbanded through the Mexican secularization act of 1833 . The first rancho was named for the Native American village Jurupa that existed in the area prior to the arrival of Mexican colonizers. Both Serrano and Gabrieleño peoples lived in

4469-626: The Asistencia in Redlands, California . The Serrano built Mill Creek Zanja here, an irrigation system which provided water for most of the region. In 1834 the Mexican Alta California government forcibly relocated many Serrano to the missions. They suffered devastating smallpox outbreaks in 1840 and 1860. Due to the cultural suppression that occurred during the Mission Period, there

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4578-542: The Bird Court consistently upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty. In 1960, he lobbied his father, then governor, to spare the life of Caryl Chessman and reportedly won a 60-day stay for him. Brown was both in favor of a Balanced Budget Amendment and opposed to Proposition 13 , the latter of which would decrease property taxes and greatly reduce revenue to cities and counties. When Proposition 13 passed in June 1978, he heavily cut state spending, and along with

4687-618: The Brown and Clinton campaigns, and Brown was the first political figure to criticize Bill Clinton over what became known as the Whitewater controversy . After his 1992 presidential bid, Brown had moved from the Pacific Heights neighborhood of San Francisco to the Jack London District neighborhood of Oakland, California , an "overwhelmingly minority city of 400,000". He constructed

4796-545: The California State Democratic Party. Mail was routed as VIP to be delivered directly to the governor. However, it is unclear as to exactly how long this may have occurred. In 1978, San Francisco punk band the Dead Kennedys ' first single, " California über alles ", from the album Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables , was released; it was performed from the perspective of then-governor Brown painting

4905-545: The California State Water Board. Brown also reorganized the California Arts Council , boosting its funding by 1300 percent and appointing artists to the council, and appointed more women and minorities to office than any other previous California governor. In 1977, he sponsored the "first-ever tax incentive for rooftop solar", among many environmental initiatives. In 1975, Brown obtained the repeal of

5014-519: The Democratic nomination for president on March 16, 1976, late in the primary season and over a year after some candidates had started campaigning. Brown declared: "The country is rich, but not so rich as we have been led to believe. The choice to do one thing may preclude another. In short, we are entering an era of limits." Brown's name began appearing on primary ballots in May and he won in Maryland , Nevada , and his home state of California. He missed

5123-486: The General Election on November 5, 1974, Brown was elected Governor of California over California state controller Houston I. Flournoy ; Republicans ascribed the loss to anti-Republican feelings from Watergate , the election being held only ninety days after President Richard Nixon resigned from office. Brown succeeded Republican governor Ronald Reagan , who retired after two terms. After taking office, Brown gained

5232-715: The Jurupa Area Recreation and Parks District. Water and Sanitation is provided by the Jurupa Community Services District and Rubidoux Community Services District. In the California State Legislature , Jurupa Valley is located in the 31st Senate District , represented by Democrat Richard Roth , and in the 58th Assembly District , represented by Democrat Sabrina Cervantes . In the House of Representatives , Jurupa Valley lies entirely within

5341-545: The Legislature, spent much of the $ 5 billion surplus to meet the proposition's requirements and help offset the revenue losses which made cities, counties, and schools more dependent on the state. His actions in response to the proposition earned him praise from Proposition 13 author Howard Jarvis who went as far as to make a television commercial for Brown just before his successful re-election bid in 1978 . The controversial proposition immediately cut tax revenues and required

5450-590: The Louisiana delegate selection convention; thus, Louisiana was the only southern state to not support Southerners Carter or Alabama governor George Wallace . Despite this success, he was unable to stall Carter's momentum, and his rival was nominated on the first ballot at the 1976 Democratic National Convention . Brown finished third with roughly 300 delegate votes, narrowly behind Congressman Morris Udall and Carter. Brown won re-election in 1978 against Republican state attorney general Evelle J. Younger . Brown appointed

5559-687: The Padres to the Pioneer , states that the word was derived from Jurumpa , meaning watering place. Later linguistic studies concluded that the name likely refers to Juru , the Artemisia californica (California sagebrush), common in the area. On June 2, 1992, under measures E, F, and G, the first effort to form a city was voted down by the electorate. Measure E, whether or not to incorporate Jurupa and Mira Loma, lost 76% to 24%. Measure F, whether to vote city council members by district or at large, if incorporation passed,

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5668-483: The Pleistocene. Conversely, Holocene artifacts found at these quarries indicate a year-long occupation of single sites and a combination of both foraging and hunting for sustenance. Materials harvested at the sites suggest high use of stone tools such as grinding stones. Lithic artifacts found in the Central Mojave suggest high exploitation of stone quarries. During the Gypsum period, subsistence strategies shifted to rely more on hunting, and early Desert Serrano adapted

5777-425: The Republican Evelle Younger by 1.3 million votes, the largest margin in California history. But Brown had trouble gaining traction in both fundraising and polling for the presidential nomination. This was widely believed to be because of the more prominent candidate Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts . Brown's 1980 platform, which he declared to be the natural result of combining Buckminster Fuller 's visions of

5886-473: The San Bernardino Mountains and provided ease of trading access between the Serrano and other Indigenous groups, including the Mojave. The area of the Mojave Desert now and historically occupied by the Serrano used to have many oases, while it is now much drier and warmer. Serrano language is part of the Takic subset of the large Uto-Aztecan languages group of Indigenous people of North America . The language family historically extended from Mexico along

5995-485: The Senate seat held by the retiring Alan Cranston . Although Brown consistently led in the polls for both the nomination and the general election, he abandoned the campaign, deciding instead to run for the presidency for the third time. When Brown announced his intention to run for president against President George H. W. Bush , many in the media and his own party dismissed his campaign as having little chance of gaining significant support. Ignoring them, Brown embarked on

6104-446: The Serrano people. Jerry Brown Edmund Gerald Brown Jr. (born April 7, 1938) is an American lawyer, author, and politician who served as the 34th and 39th governor of California from 1975 to 1983 and 2011 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party , he was elected secretary of state of California in 1970; Brown later served as mayor of Oakland from 1999 to 2007 and attorney general of California from 2007 to 2011. He

6213-416: The Serrano “exploitation” of the Mojave River, and its use to efficiently trade both food and beads. Coastal California groups traded shell beads and asphaltum to Southwestern groups, such as and including the Serrano, for ceramics and textiles . Coastal shell beads and shell jewelry are frequently found in pre-modern Southwestern burial sites. The traded materials are treated as “prestige goods” due to

6322-620: The U.S. Forest Service fighting a wildfire in 2003 near Baldwin Lake . Uncovered were artifacts of non-local jasper and obsidian , ash and charcoal, grinding stones, and fire pits possibly dating back 1,000 years. Serrano villages included Akxawiet, Cucamonga , Homhoabit, Jurumpa, Juyubit , Muscupiabit, Topapaibit ( Victorville ), Guapiabit ( Hesperia ), Paso del Cajon, San Benito, San Gorgonio , San Pascual, ( Rancho ) San Timoteo, Temeku ( Rancheria ), Tolocabi, and Yucaipa . The modern San Manuel Band of Mission Indians maintains ancient trade relations with local Californian groups such as

6431-418: The West Coast and into the Great Basin , with representation among tribes in Mesoamerica . They were a branch of the Takic languages speaking people who arrived in Southern California around 2,500 years ago. Serrano means "highlander" or "mountaineer" in Spanish . When the Spanish missionaries came into the region, in the late 18th century they helped create the tribal name Serrano , distinguishing

6540-443: The ancestors of the modern-day Serrano groups. The Spanish founded Mission San Gabriel Arcangel in 1771, south of the San Gabriel Mountains and southwest of the San Bernardino Mountains. With the establishment of the mission, the Serrano lands claimed by the Spanish came under the jurisdiction of the mission and its subsequent outposts, or asistencias , in particular the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia , established in 1819. With

6649-410: The area prior to the arrival of Europeans. On March 8, 2011, voters approved a ballot measure , Measure A, to incorporate and form the city of Jurupa Valley . The effective date of incorporation was July 1, 2011. Residents of the area had previously voted on incorporation in 1992, but rejected that measure, along with a competing ballot measure that would have incorporated Mira Loma . Jurupa Valley

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6758-521: The area. Brown continued his predecessor Elihu Harris's public policy of supporting downtown housing development in the area defined as the Central Business District in Oakland's 1998 General Plan. Since Brown worked toward the stated goal of bringing an additional 10,000 residents to Downtown Oakland , his plan was known as the " 10k Plan ". It has resulted in redevelopment projects in the Jack London District , where Brown himself had earlier purchased and later sold an industrial warehouse which he used as

6867-428: The area. The Gabrieleño referred to the village as Jurungna or Hurungna . The exact meaning of the word Jurupa is disputed. The 1890 book, An Illustrated History of Southern California , states that the word Jurupa was a greeting, meaning ″peace and friendship″, used by the Native Americans when the first Catholic priest visited the area. In 1902 Father Juan Caballeria, in his History of San Bernardino Valley; From

6976-451: The bottom of the heap. And to see them as no different from yourself, and their needs as important as your needs. And you're there to serve them, and doing that you are attaining as great a state of being as you can." Upon his return from abroad in 1988, Brown announced that he would stand as a candidate to become chairman of the California Democratic Party , and won against investment banker Steve Westly . Although Brown greatly expanded

7085-463: The bow and arrow. A much cooler and moister environment meant intensified occupation of the area. Increased moisture during the “Rose Spring” period, 1700-1000 BP, is closely correlated with continuous Indigenous occupation of the Western Mojave, followed by an abandonment of the area during a subsequent drought. The first Takic speakers are speculated to have arrived in the area around the Shoshonean Period, around 1100 CE. These are thought to be

7194-415: The campaign. It was not until shortly after Super Tuesday , when the field had been narrowed to Brown, former senator Paul Tsongas of Massachusetts, and front-runner then-governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas , that Brown began to emerge as a major contender in the eyes of the press. On March 17, Brown received a strong third-place showing in the Illinois and Michigan primaries, and Tsongas dropped out of

7303-437: The city's 1998 mayoral election as an independent "having left the Democratic Party, blasting what he called the 'deeply corrupted' two-party system ". He won with 59% of the vote in a field of ten candidates. Prior to taking office, Brown campaigned to get the approval of the electorate to convert Oakland's "weak mayor" political structure , which structured the mayor as chairman of the city council and official greeter, to

7412-473: The city's shift to the strong mayor model of governance. The political left had hoped for some of the more progressive politics from Brown's earlier governorship, but found Brown, as mayor, to be "more pragmatic than progressive, more interested in downtown redevelopment and economic growth than political ideology". As mayor, he invited the U.S. Marine Corps to use Oakland harbor lands for mock military exercises as part of Operation Urban Warrior . The city

7521-421: The deadline in Oregon , but he ran as a write-in candidate and finished in third behind Jimmy Carter and Senator Frank Church of Idaho . Brown is often credited with winning the New Jersey and Rhode Island primaries, but in reality, uncommitted slates of delegates that Brown advocated in those states finished first. With support from Louisiana governor Edwin Edwards , Brown won a majority of delegates at

7630-436: The failed 1978 Briggs Initiative , which sought to ban homosexuals from working in California's public schools, for his increased support of gay rights . The governor also signed AB 489, The Consenting Adult Sex Act , which decriminalized homosexual behavior between adults, adding to this reputation. He did, however, sign AB 607, which barred homosexual couples from receiving civil marriage licenses, in 1977. Brown championed

7739-464: The famous supporter of supply-side economics who created the Laffer curve . This plan, which called for the replacement of the progressive income tax with a flat tax and a value added tax , both at a fixed 13% rate, was decried by his opponents as regressive. Nevertheless, it was endorsed by The New York Times , The New Republic , and Forbes , and its raising of taxes on corporations and elimination of various loopholes that tended to favor

7848-666: The first openly gay judge in the United States when he named Stephen Lachs to serve on the Los Angeles County Superior Court in 1979. In 1981, he also appointed the first openly lesbian judge in the United States, Mary C. Morgan , to the San Francisco Municipal Court. Brown completed his second term having appointed a total of five gay judges, including Rand Schrader and Jerold Krieger . Through his first term as governor, Brown had not appointed any openly gay people to any position, but he cited

7957-529: The future and E. F. Schumacher 's theory of " Buddhist economics ", was much expanded from 1976. His "era of limits" slogan was replaced by a promise to, in his words, "Protect the Earth, serve the people, and explore the universe". Three main planks of his platform were a call for a constitutional convention to ratify the Balanced Budget Amendment ; a promise to increase funds for the space program as

8066-518: The governor's office be fixed, Brown responded: “That hole will save the state at least $ 500 million, because legislators cannot come down and pound on my desk demanding lots of money for their pet programs while looking at a hole in my rug!” As governor, Brown took a strong interest in environmental issues . He appointed J. Baldwin to work in the newly created California Office of Appropriate Technology, Sim Van der Ryn as State Architect, Stewart Brand as Special Advisor, John Bryson as chairman of

8175-427: The governorship in 1982, succeeding Brown, and was re-elected overwhelmingly in 1986. After his Senate defeat in 1982, many considered Brown's political career to be over. Brown traveled to Japan to study Buddhism , studying with Christian/Zen practitioner Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle under Yamada Koun-roshi . In an interview, he explained, "Since politics is based on illusions, zazen definitely provides new insights for

8284-483: The idea of mandatory non-military national service for the nation's youth. He suggested that the Defense Department cut back on support troops while beefing up the number of combat troops. Brown opposed Kennedy's call for universal national health insurance and opposed Carter's call for an employer mandate to provide catastrophic private health insurance labeling it socialist. As an alternative, he suggested

8393-436: The insects' reproductive cycle. Ultimately, the infestation was eradicated, but both the governor's delay and the scale of the action have remained controversial ever since. Some people claimed that malathion was toxic to humans, as well as insects. In response to such concerns, Brown's chief of staff, B. T. Collins , staged a news conference during which he publicly drank a glass of malathion. Many people complained that, while

8502-490: The largest margins of victory in any statewide California race. In the final weeks leading up to Election Day, Brown's eligibility to run for attorney general was challenged in what Brown called a "political stunt by a Republican office seeker" ( Contra Costa County Republican Central Committee chairman and state GOP vice-chair candidate Tom Del Beccaro). Plaintiffs claimed Brown did not meet eligibility according to California Government Code §12503, "No person shall be eligible to

8611-463: The longest-serving governor in the history of California , surpassing Earl Warren . Brown was born in San Francisco , California, the only son of four children born to district attorney of San Francisco and later governor of California, Edmund Gerald "Pat" Brown Sr., and his wife, Bernice Layne . Brown's father was of half Irish and half German descent. His great-grandfather August Schuckman,

8720-410: The malathion may not have been very toxic to humans, the aerosol spray containing it was corrosive to car paint. Brown proposed the establishment of a state space academy and the purchasing of a satellite that would be launched into orbit to provide emergency communications for the state—a proposal similar to one that was indeed eventually adopted. In 1979, an out-of-state columnist, Mike Royko , at

8829-471: The money raised ratio" was by far the best of any candidate's in the race. He had a sizable number of delegates, and a big win in his home state of California would have deprived Clinton of sufficient support to win the Democratic nomination, possibly bringing about a brokered convention . After nearly a month of intense campaigning and multiple debates between the two candidates, Clinton managed to defeat Brown in this final primary, 48% to 41%. Brown did not win

8938-399: The nomination, but was able to boast of one accomplishment: at the following month's Democratic National Convention , he received the votes of 596 delegates on the first ballot, more than any other candidate but Clinton. He spoke at the convention, and to the national viewing audience, yet without endorsing Clinton, through the device of seconding his own nomination. There was animosity between

9047-568: The novitiate from August 1956 to January 1960 before enrolling at the University of California, Berkeley , where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in classics in 1961. With his tuition paid for by the Louis Lurie Foundation, including a $ 675 scholarship in 1963, Brown went on to Yale Law School and graduated with a Bachelor of Laws in 1964. After law school, Brown worked as a law clerk for California Supreme Court justice Mathew Tobriner . Returning to California, Brown took

9156-588: The office of Attorney General unless he shall have been admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the state for a period of at least five years immediately preceding his election or appointment to such office." Some legal analysts called the lawsuit frivolous because Brown was admitted to practice law in the State of California on June 14, 1965, and had been so admitted to practice ever since. Although ineligible to practice law because of his voluntary inactive status in

9265-440: The party's donor base and enlarged its coffers, with a focus on grassroots organizing and get out the vote drives, he was criticized for not spending enough money on TV ads, which was felt to have contributed to Democratic losses in several close races in 1990, such as Dianne Feinstein 's attempt to become the first female governor of California . In early 1991, Brown abruptly resigned his post and announced that he would run for

9374-605: The people from neighboring tribes who were designated as the Tongva (Gabrileño—Fernandeño) to the southwest, and Kitanemuk and Tataviam to the northwest. Excavations of two precontact quarries in the central Mojave indicate the lifestyles of early Serrano and Serrano-Predecessors. The quarries, dating back to the Pleistocene , indicate a much wetter landscape present in the desert than exists today. The high number of hunting tools suggest that local communities were nomadic hunters during

9483-741: The population being Black or African American, 3.6% of the population being Asian, and 3.6% of the population is of two races or more. Jurupa Valley is governed by a city council, whose members represent specific districts of the city. The city council is led by the mayor, who is elected by and among the councillors. The mayor serves a one-year term, while councilmembers serve for four years. Jurupa Valley lies within District Two of Riverside County, represented by Supervisor Karen Spiegel. Eastern Jurupa Valley will become part of District One in January 2025 due to redistricting. City parks are served and maintained by

9592-509: The population. The 1880 census reported only 381 Serranos, a number Helen Hunt Jackson thought was too low as it did not account for those who were living in remote areas. Kroeber estimated the combined population of the Serrano, Kitanemuk, and Tataviam in 1910 as 150. The Morongo Reservation in Banning, California , and the San Manuel Reservation near San Bernardino, California , are both federally recognized Indian reservations belonging to

9701-459: The precontact populations of most Native groups in California. (See Population of Native California .) Alfred L. Kroeber put the combined 1770 population of the Serrano, Kitanemuk , and Tataviam at 3,500 and the Serrano proper (excluding the Vanyume ) at 1,500. Lowell John Bean suggested an aboriginal Serrano population of about 2,500. As noted, smallpox epidemics and social disruption reduced

9810-489: The pursuit of good health, such as the hot sand pit. Women practiced health rituals to rid themselves of bad energy associated with taboo, such as menstruation periods. In 1867 the Yuhaviatam band of Serrano were the victims of a massacre conducted by American settlers of the San Bernardino Valley, during a 32-day campaign at Chimney Rock. The massacre was a response to a raid, probably carried out by Chemehuevi , on

9919-562: The race. A week later, he cemented his position as a major threat to Clinton when he eked out a narrow win in the bitterly fought Connecticut primary. As the press focused on the primaries in New York and Wisconsin , which were held on the same day, Brown, who had taken the lead in polls in both states, made a gaffe : he announced to an audience of various leaders of New York City's Jewish community that, if nominated, he would consider Jesse Jackson as his running mate. Jackson, who had made

10028-592: The recent House banking scandal and the large congressional pay raises of 1990, he promised to put an end to Congress being a " Stop-and-Shop for the moneyed special interests ". As Brown campaigned in various primary states, he expanded his platform beyond a policy of strict campaign finance reform . Although he focused on a variety of issues during the campaign, he highlighted his endorsement of living wage laws and opposition to free trade agreements such as NAFTA ; he mostly concentrated on his tax policy, which had been created specifically for him by Arthur Laffer ,

10137-644: The schools, and his reform efforts were "largely a bust". He focused instead on the creation of two charter schools , the Oakland School for the Arts and the Oakland Military Institute . Defending his support of a military charter school in Oakland, Brown once told KQED reporter Stephen Talbot, "I believe that had I been sent to the military academy, as my mother and father threatened, I would have been president

10246-545: The spraying. After more than a month, millions of dollars of crops had been destroyed, and billions of dollars more were threatened. Governor Brown then authorized a massive response to the infestation. Fleets of helicopters sprayed malathion at night, and the California National Guard set up highway checkpoints and collected many tons of local fruit; in the final stage of the campaign, entomologists released millions of sterile male medflies in an attempt to disrupt

10355-469: The state bar exam and passed on his second attempt. He then settled in Los Angeles and joined the law firm of Tuttle & Taylor. In 1969, Brown ran for the newly created Los Angeles Community College Board of Trustees, which oversaw community colleges in the city; he placed first in a field of 124 and served until 1971. In 1970, Brown was elected California secretary of state . Brown argued before

10464-403: The suburb of Carmichael and instead renting a $ 275-per-month apartment at 1228 N Street, adjacent to Capitol Park in downtown Sacramento. Rather than riding as a passenger in a chauffeured limousine as previous governors had done, Brown walked to work and drove in a Plymouth Satellite sedan . When Gray Davis , who was chief of staff to Governor Brown, suggested that a hole in the rug in

10573-470: The time the new city was estimated to have a population of 88,000, and included the communities of Mira Loma, Glen Avon, Sky Country, Indian Hills, Pedley, Rubidoux, Belltown, Jurupa, Jurupa Hills, and Sunnyslope. The city immediately faced the possibility of disincorporation when the State of California passed Senate Bill 89, which shifted millions of dollars of vehicle license fees away from cities. The new city struggled for several years, and in 2014 notified

10682-476: The very wealthy proved popular with voters. Various opinion polls at the time found that as many as three-quarters of Americans believed the current tax code was biased toward the wealthy. Jesse Walker wrote in The American Conservative that he "seemed to be the most left-wing and right-wing man in the field ... [calling] for term limits, a flat tax, reforming social security, and the abolition of

10791-511: The vote in the New Hampshire primary , and he was soon forced to announce that his decision to remain in the race would depend on a good showing in the Wisconsin primary. Although he had polled well there throughout the primary season, an attempt to film a live speech in Madison , the state's capital, into a special effects -filled, 30-minute commercial (produced and directed by Francis Ford Coppola )

10900-545: The wealthy contexts in which they are currently found by archaeologists and other researchers, indicating a healthy trade economy. The power of Indigenous trade relations hindered Spanish Colonial forces from regulating [taxing] “neophytes” and hinterland natives. Textiles woven by Southwestern groups were extremely valuable to Coastal groups, and historical accounts describe the long-distance trade of these textiles through Mojave desert traders. In 1819, Serrano were relocated to estancia throughout southern California, such as

11009-469: Was 69% district, and 31% at large. Measure G, the selection of a city name, had the following results; Jurupa 40%, Rancho Jurupa 23%, West Riverside 21%, and Camino Real 16%. At the time Jurupa was described as including the neighborhoods of Rubidoux, Pedley and Glen Avon. On March 8, 2011, a second proposal for incorporation was put before the voters. This time the measure passed with 54% voting yes, 46% voting no, and with an effective date of July 1, 2011. At

11118-429: Was both the oldest and sixth-youngest governor of California due to the 28-year gap between his second and third terms. Upon completing his fourth term in office, Brown became the fourth longest-serving governor in U.S. history , serving 16 years and 5 days in office. Born in San Francisco , he is the son of Bernice Layne Brown and Pat Brown , who was the 32nd governor of California (1959–1967). After graduating from

11227-402: Was disastrous. In 1982 , Brown chose not to seek a third term as governor; instead, he ran for the United States Senate for the seat being vacated by Republican S. I. Hayakawa . He was defeated by Republican San Diego mayor Pete Wilson by a margin of 52% to 45%. After his Senate defeat, Brown was left with few political options. Republican George Deukmejian , a Brown critic, narrowly won

11336-527: Was first inhabited by the Gabrielino Tribe and the Serrano Tribe. Although there was no geographic feature or town officially named Jurupa Valley prior to the establishment of the city in 2011, the term Jurupa Valley is known to have been used as early as 1887 when referring to lands along the northeast side of the Santa Ana River opposite the city of Riverside . The name Jurupa was derived from

11445-507: Was incorporated in 2011 out of the amalgamation of nine communities Belltown , Crestmore Heights CDP , Glen Avon CDP , Indian Hills, Jurupa Hills, Pedley CDP , Rubidoux CDP , Sunnyslope CDP , and Mira Loma CDP . According to the United States Census Bureau , as of 2020, the population was 105,053 with 71.4% of the population of Jurupa Valley being Hispanic or Latino, 20.6% of the population being White non-Hispanic, 3.2% of

11554-580: Was not as bad as Biafra thought he would be, and subsequent songs have been written about other politicians deemed worse. Brown chose not to run for a third term in 1982, and instead ran for the United States Senate , but lost to San Diego mayor Pete Wilson . He was succeeded as governor by George Deukmejian , then state attorney general, on January 3, 1983. In 1980, Brown challenged Carter for renomination. The press had anticipated his candidacy ever since he won re-election as governor in 1978 over

11663-412: Was one remaining hümtc medicine man who revived religious ceremonies nearly lost to time in the early 1900s, as documented by anthropologist and ethnographer Ruth F. Benedict . Ceremonies such as the tuwituaim [dance] revive not only Serrano religious and spiritual practices, but communal and familial practices as well. Spiritual practices followed by female practitioners are often associated with

11772-595: Was rapidly losing residents and businesses, and Brown is credited with starting the revitalization of the city using his connections and experience to lessen the economic downturn while attracting $ 1 billion of investments, including refurbishing the Fox Theatre , the Port of Oakland , and Jack London Square . The downtown district was losing retailers, restaurateurs and residential developers, and Brown sought to attract thousands of new residents with disposable income to revitalize

11881-594: Was the latest city in the state of California to incorporate until 2024 when Mountain House incorporated in San Joaquin County . The city of Jurupa Valley covers approximately 43.5 square miles (113 km), and had a population of 105,053 as of the 2020 census . It is bordered by the cities of Eastvale , Norco , and Riverside in Riverside County and the cities of Ontario , Fontana , Rialto , Bloomington and Colton in neighboring San Bernardino County . The area

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