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71-469: JTRS HMS (Handheld, Manpack & Small Form-Fit (SFF)) radios are jointly developed and manufactured by Thales and General Dynamics Mission Systems . These software-defined radios are designed as successors to the JTRS-compatible CSCHR (Consolidated Single Channel Handheld Radios, ie. AN/PRC-148 and AN/PRC-152 ), securely transmitting voice and data simultaneously using Type 2 cryptography and

142-755: A 50-50 joint venture with the global French defense contractor. The joint venture, based in South Korea , would be led by a CEO appointed by Samsung Electronics and will take over the entire defense business that Samsung Electronics has been conducting, which employed 697 people and generated sales of KRW 163.1 billion (US$ 134.5 million) the previous year. The new company would now market Samsung Electronics' defense communication equipment, satellite communication systems and terminals , fire control systems , radar guidance equipment including detection and tracking devices, and gunner's sights; and would begin overseas exports through Thomson's sales network. Samsung stated that

213-449: A Joint Program Executive Office, a unified management structure to coordinate development of the four radio versions. In March 2006, the JPEO recommended changing the management structure, reducing the scope of the project, extending the deadline, and adding money. The JPEO's recommendations were accepted. The program is focusing on the toughest part: transformational networking. The JTRS radio

284-503: A billion US dollars) in fines after the courts heard that bribes had been paid to the Taiwanese government to win a large naval contract. Part (about 27%) of the responsibility was transferred to Thales Group because it held the legacy from Thomson-CSF . As of 2011 , this is the largest corruption case in French history. Internet Protocol Early research and development: Merging

355-448: A communication audit highlighted Thomson-CSF's unfavorable public image, particularly among the young French graduates it sought to recruit. The new name was also meant to facilitate the company's worldwide expansion. Thales is partially owned by the French state and operates in more than 56 countries. In 2019 it had 80,000 employees and generated €18.4 billion in revenue. As of 2017, it

426-574: A fixed-size 32-bit address in the final version of IPv4 . This remains the dominant internetworking protocol in use in the Internet Layer ; the number 4 identifies the protocol version, carried in every IP datagram. IPv4 is defined in RFC   791 (1981). Version number 5 was used by the Internet Stream Protocol , an experimental streaming protocol that was not adopted. The successor to IPv4

497-567: A major manufacturer of military equipment such as smokeless gunpowder and the Bushmaster IMV . In April 2006, Thales announced it would acquire Alcatel 's space business (67% of Alcatel Alenia Space and 33% of Telespazio ) and Alcatel's Rail Signalling Solutions division, in a deal which raised Alcatel's ownership of Thales to 21.66 percent. The French government would also decrease its ownership in Thales to 27.1 percent from 31.3 percent as part of

568-515: A not-for-profit consortium that produces and maintains computer industry specifications for interoperable enterprise applications, is working toward building an international commercial standard based on the SCA. The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) as a Program of Record evolved from a loosely associated group of radio replacement programs to an integrated effort to network multiple weapon system platforms and forward combat units where it matters most – at

639-763: A range of short-range missile systems such as the Starstreak surface-to-air missile or Lightweight Multi-role Missile (LMM). In 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine , major arms manufacturers, including Thales, reported a sharp increase in interim sales and profits. The Thales ATM (Air Traffic Management) solution is marketed under the name "TopSky", previously named "EuroCat". Thales supplies avionics to civil aircraft manufacturers, including Fly-By-Wire systems, cockpit systems, navigation computers, satellite communication, inflight entertainment and electrical systems. The coordination of Thales parts' servicing and maintenance

710-636: A subsequent Operational Requirements Document (ORD) on March 23, 1998 (which was revised several times), the original name was simply Joint Tactical Radio (JTR). This effort was led by the Joint Staff and was represented by all four Services. Each team member reported to their Service's chief information officer and reported back to the Joint Staff J6. The ORD started with 38 Threshold waveforms/radios and 4 Objective waveforms to support operations in three domain: Airborne, Maritime, and Ground Forces. Originally

781-747: A subsidiary of Thales, and Dominique Monleau alleged that Thales has a centralised slush fund that it uses to bribe officials. On 30 May 2005 Schabir Shaik , the financial advisor to Jacob Zuma , the deputy president of the African National Congress party, was found guilty by the High Court in Durban of organising a bribe on behalf of Thomson-CSF . On 22 January 2020, the KwaZulu-Natal High Court in Pietermaritzburg ruled that both

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852-579: Is IPv6 . IPv6 was a result of several years of experimentation and dialog during which various protocol models were proposed, such as TP/IX ( RFC   1475 ), PIP ( RFC   1621 ) and TUBA (TCP and UDP with Bigger Addresses, RFC   1347 ). Its most prominent difference from version 4 is the size of the addresses. While IPv4 uses 32 bits for addressing, yielding c. 4.3 billion ( 4.3 × 10 ) addresses, IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses providing c. 3.4 × 10 addresses. Although adoption of IPv6 has been slow, as of January 2023 , most countries in

923-413: Is Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), which has been in increasing deployment on the public Internet since around 2006. The Internet Protocol is responsible for addressing host interfaces , encapsulating data into datagrams (including fragmentation and reassembly ) and routing datagrams from a source host interface to a destination host interface across one or more IP networks. For these purposes,

994-448: Is a connectionless protocol , in contrast to connection-oriented communication . Various fault conditions may occur, such as data corruption , packet loss and duplication. Because routing is dynamic, meaning every packet is treated independently, and because the network maintains no state based on the path of prior packets, different packets may be routed to the same destination via different paths, resulting in out-of-order delivery to

1065-527: Is a materiel solution meeting the requirements of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration/DoD Chief Information Officer for a Software Communications Architecture (SCA) compliant hardware system hosting SCA-compliant software waveforms (applications). The JTRS HMS contract was structured to address Increment 1, consisting of Phases 1 and 2. Increment 1, Phase 1

1136-517: Is a secure, scalable, modular, wireless, and jam-resistant digital information system currently providing Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN), Link-16, and J-Voice to airborne, ground, and maritime joint and coalition warfighting platforms. MIDS provides real-time and low-cost information and situational awareness via digital and voice, communications within the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) Enterprise. The MIDS Program includes MIDS-LVT and

1207-604: Is an example of a protocol that adjusts its segment size to be smaller than the MTU. The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and ICMP disregard MTU size, thereby forcing IP to fragment oversized datagrams. During the design phase of the ARPANET and the early Internet, the security aspects and needs of a public, international network could not be adequately anticipated. Consequently, many Internet protocols exhibited vulnerabilities highlighted by network attacks and later security assessments. In 2008,

1278-407: Is coordinated by its MRO division; OEMServices , which handles the repair flow for component maintenance support. In November 2017, Thales acquired a UK radar provider called Aveillant which produces software-defined holographic radar technology, which can detect small targets such as drones. In February 2018, Thales won on a A$ 1.2 billion ($ 946 million) contract with Airservices Australia and

1349-530: Is dynamic in terms of the availability of links and nodes. No central monitoring or performance measurement facility exists that tracks or maintains the state of the network. For the benefit of reducing network complexity , the intelligence in the network is located in the end nodes . As a consequence of this design, the Internet Protocol only provides best-effort delivery and its service is characterized as unreliable . In network architectural parlance, it

1420-482: Is error-free. A routing node discards packets that fail a header checksum test. Although the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) provides notification of errors, a routing node is not required to notify either end node of errors. IPv6, by contrast, operates without header checksums, since current link layer technology is assumed to provide sufficient error detection. The dynamic nature of

1491-579: Is involved in the construction of both the Horizon and FREMM programs. Thales, as Thomson-CSF, was involved in the Taiwan frigates scandal , relating to the sale of La Fayette -class frigates to Taiwan. It is also present in Eurosam as Thomson-CSF was a founder of the consortium along with Aérospatiale and Alenia Aeronautica . In February 2004, Thales was awarded a contract for a new command and control system for

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1562-440: Is software-reprogrammable, multi-band/multi-mode capable, mobile ad hoc network capable, and provides simultaneous voice, data, and video communications. The system is flexible enough to provide point-to-point and netted voice and data, whether it is between Service Command Centers, Shipboard Command Centers, Joint Operations Centers or other functional centers (e.g., intelligence, logistics, etc.). AMF will assist U.S. Armed Forces in

1633-1015: Is stated to be launched in 2023. In Turkey, the Thales team delivered the first High Speed Line in the country in 2009, and has completed more than 400 km (250 mi) of the Ankara Istanbul High Speed Line. Effective 31 May 2024, the ground transportation division was sold off to Hitachi Rail . The deal was made at $ 2.5 billion. Thales is also a major manufacturer of in-flight entertainment systems on board airliners. Thales' primary competitors in this area of business include Panasonic Avionics Corporation and Rockwell Collins . Thales also produces and installs ticketing and communications systems for public transportation via its ticketing and revenue collection division. In November 2016, Thales announced its intention to divest from its transport ticketing, revenue collection, road toll and car park management business. The company entered into negotiations with Paris-based Latour Capital, but

1704-613: The Australian Department of Defence to unify Australia's civil and military airspace under a single air traffic control system , named "OneSKY". Thales has major involvement in the UK rail industry as a result of the Racal merger and the 2006 acquisition of Alcatel's Rail Signalling Solutions division and transport business. Thales is to modernize 40 per cent of London Tube network London Underground . In Denmark, Thales now owns 100% of

1775-510: The Internet . IP has the task of delivering packets from the source host to the destination host solely based on the IP addresses in the packet headers . For this purpose, IP defines packet structures that encapsulate the data to be delivered. It also defines addressing methods that are used to label the datagram with source and destination information. IP was the connectionless datagram service in

1846-530: The Iraq War , the USMC developed their own system using commercial off the shelf technology, combining satcoms with wifi, that has worked ever since. Thales Group Thales S.A. , trading as Thales Group ( French pronunciation: [talɛs] ) is a French multinational corporation specialized in the design, development, manufacturing and support of electronic systems as well as devices and equipment for

1917-670: The U.S. Marine Corps ' Integrated, Intra-Squad Radio , the AN/PRC-117F and the AN/PRC-150 . On June 22, 2007, the Joint Program Executive Office issued the first JTRS-Approved radio (not JTRS-Certified) production contract. It gave Harris Corporation $ 2.7 billion and Thales Communications Inc. $ 3.5 billion for first-year procurement and allowed the firms to compete for more parts of the five-year program. Harris could make up to $ 7 billion; Thales, $ 9 billion. In July 2008,

1988-499: The aerospace , defence , security and transportation sectors. The company is headquartered in Paris ' business district, La Défense , and its stock is listed on Euronext Paris . The company was previously known as Thomson-CSF since its foundation in 1968. It was rebranded Thales (named after the Greek philosopher Thales [talɛs] pronounced as in French ) in 2000, after

2059-541: The "East-west Consortium" contracted for a nationwide travel card (Danish: " Rejsekort "). In India, Thales was selected in December 2014 by the New Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) to deliver a completely automatic fare collection system, as well as ticketing equipment. Thales has also been contracted by Hyderabad Metro Rail since 2017 to provide train control automation and communication services for

2130-839: The EU-supported projects Thales participates in are: The company's design won the competition for the Royal Navy Future Carrier (CVF) . It is part of the AirTanker consortium, the winning bid for the RAF's Future Strategic Tanker Aircraft . Thales UK won the contract for the British Army UAV programme, Watchkeeper . It also produces the SWARM remote weapon station . Thales simulators include full motion devices as well as flat panels and other training facilities. Thales Air Defence produces

2201-651: The French Navy, the SIC 21, that will be fitted on the Charles de Gaulle, many vessels and shore locations. Additionally, the initially planned French aircraft carrier PA2 involved Thales as the main designer of the ship. However, the project was cancelled in 2013. Thales is also working on X-ray imaging, finances, energy and operating commercial satellites. By 2012, the company is mainly composed of five branches: Defense, Security, Space, Aerospace and Ground transportation. Among

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2272-443: The Internet Protocol defines the format of packets and provides an addressing system. Each datagram has two components: a header and a payload . The IP header includes a source IP address, a destination IP address, and other metadata needed to route and deliver the datagram. The payload is the data that is transported. This method of nesting the data payload in a packet with a header is called encapsulation. IP addressing entails

2343-475: The Internet and the diversity of its components provide no guarantee that any particular path is actually capable of, or suitable for, performing the data transmission requested. One of the technical constraints is the size of data packets possible on a given link. Facilities exist to examine the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size of the local link and Path MTU Discovery can be used for the entire intended path to

2414-691: The JTR ORD do not address a software defined construct. The working group looked at the Navy's SPEAKeasy program as well as the USSOCOM sponsored Thales MultiBand Inter/Intra Team Radios. The JTR became Joint Tactical Radio System when the Navy took over as the acquisition executive agent. JTRS became a family of software-defined radios that were to work with many existing military and civilian radios. It included integrated encryption and Wideband Networking Software to create mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) . The JTRS program

2485-684: The JTRS Network Enterprise Domain, was developed on a Waveform Development Environment with HMS as the lead platform for porting. Increment 1, Phase 2 was to develop the two channel manpack, two channel handheld, and embedded SFF-B, versions that are all Type 1 compliant for use in a classified environment. Waveforms on the phased sets include Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Satellite Communications, Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW), High Frequency (HF), Enhanced Position Location and Reporting System (EPLRS), Mobile-User Objective System (MUOS), and Single Channel Ground to Air Radio System (SINCGARS). MIDS

2556-837: The MIDS JTRS Terminal. MIDS-LVT is in full rate production and MIDS JTRS is in evolutionary development and limited production. MIDS JTRS is a “form fit function” replacement for MIDS–LVT and adds three additional channels for JTRS waveforms as required by joint and coalition warfighter. AMF will provide a four-channel, full duplex, software-defined radio integrated into airborne, shipboard, and fixed-station platforms, enabling maritime and airborne forces to communicate seamlessly and with greater efficiency through implementation of five initial waveforms (i.e., Ultra-High Frequency Satellite Communications, Mobile User Objective System, Wideband Network Waveform, Soldier Radio Waveform, and Link 16) providing data, voice, and networking capabilities. JTRS AMF

2627-519: The Thales Group and Zuma could be criminally tried for alleged illegal arms dealings which Thales was allowed to undergo in South Africa. Zuma is said to have allowed these illegal Thales arms dealings when he was the nation's deputy president and is also believed to have partaken in them as well. On 10 June 2011, Thales Group and the French government were ordered to pay 630 million euros (almost

2698-457: The UK (largely as a result of the Racal acquisition) has resulted in several high-profile contracts. Thales has offices in: As of June 2024, Thales' major shareholders are the French state (26.06%) and Dassault Aviation (26.05%). A High Court case decided in 2012 between Thales (supplier of Greater Manchester's tram management system) and Transport for Greater Manchester (TGM) considered

2769-504: The above waveforms will not be supported in JTRS Increment 1 and have been deferred to "later increments". Currently, only Increment 1 is funded. The requirements document for JTRS Increment 2 is under development. JTRS Increment 1 threshold waveforms include: Waveform/Applicable radios (based on JTRS ORD Amendment 3.2.1 dtd 28 Aug 06) In March 2005, the JTRS program was restructured to add

2840-642: The acquisition. The deal would also include the Systems Integration activities (those not dedicated to telecoms operators, and covering mainly the transport and energy sectors). In January 2007, the 1.7 billion Euro deal ($ 2.24 billion) was approved. In 2008, Thales acquired British Hardware security module vendor nCipher. In December 2008, Alcatel agreed to sell a 20.8% stake in French engineering group Thales SA to Dassault Aviation SA for €1.57 billion ($ 2.27 billion). In 2014, Alcatel-Lucent initiated talks to sell its cybersecurity unit to Thales. The deal

2911-463: The assignment of IP addresses and associated parameters to host interfaces. The address space is divided into subnets , involving the designation of network prefixes. IP routing is performed by all hosts, as well as routers , whose main function is to transport packets across network boundaries. Routers communicate with one another via specially designed routing protocols , either interior gateway protocols or exterior gateway protocols , as needed for

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2982-549: The competition for the Royal Navy Future Carrier (CVF) , and the company now participates in an alliance company with BAE Systems and the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence . Thales Navigation, a division that produced satellite navigation units, was sold to private equity group Shah Capital Partners in 2006 for $ 170 million and renamed Magellan . In 2006, Thales acquired Australian Defence Industries ,

3053-558: The conduct of prompt, sustained, and synchronized operations, allowing warfighters the freedom to achieve information dominance in all domains; land, sea, air, space, and information. The GMR contract was completed 31 March 2012. JTRS was originally planned to use frequencies from 2 megahertz to 2 gigahertz. The addition of the Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) waveform means the radios will also use frequencies above 2 GHz. Waveforms that were to be supported included: Several of

3124-411: The destination. The IPv4 internetworking layer automatically fragments a datagram into smaller units for transmission when the link MTU is exceeded. IP provides re-ordering of fragments received out of order. An IPv6 network does not perform fragmentation in network elements, but requires end hosts and higher-layer protocols to avoid exceeding the path MTU. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

3195-410: The evolution of the Internet Protocol into the modern version of IPv4: IP versions 1 to 3 were experimental versions, designed between 1973 and 1978. Versions 2 and 3 supported variable-length addresses ranging between 1 and 16 octets (between 8 and 128 bits). An early draft of version 4 supported variable-length addresses of up to 256 octets (up to 2048 bits) but this was later abandoned in favor of

3266-615: The frequency spectrum within the 2 megahertz to 2 gigahertz frequency range. The radios are Software Communications Architecture compliant with increased bandwidth through future waveforms and are interoperable with 4+ current force radio systems and the JTRS family of radios. Now that the GMR contract has been completed, the Army plans to leverage knowledge gained from the GMR Program in the upcoming Mid-Tier Networking Vehicular Radio solicitation. JTRS HMS

3337-540: The head of OSD AT&L conducted a 10-hour program review after costs continued to grow. Additionally, the JTRS Ground Mobile Radio program, originally funded at around $ 370 million, has now exceeded $ 1 billion despite reduced requirements. In 2012, after the first 100 General Dynamics Manpack radios showed "poor reliability", the US Army placed a $ 250 million order for nearly four thousand more of them. During

3408-505: The joint venture company Armaris with the French shipbuilder DCN to offer a total "bottom up" shipbuilding capability. Also in 2002, Thales Broadcast Multimedia, a former subsidiary of Thales, provided China with standard short-wave radio-broadcasting equipment designed for general public radio broadcasting . Though the contract was not for this purpose, it later appeared that China used these ALLISS antennas for jamming foreign radio broadcasts to China. In 2003, Thales UK's design won

3479-774: The last tactical mile. In 2005, JTRS was restructured under the leadership of a Joint Program Executive Officer (JPEO) headquartered in San Diego, California. The JPEO JTRS provides an enterprise acquisition and management approach to successfully and efficiently develop, produce, integrate, test and field the JTRS networking capability. The JTRS Enterprise was composed of five ACAT 1D programs of record - Network Enterprise Domain (NED), Ground Mobile Radios (GMR), Handheld, Manpack, & Small Form Fit (HMS), Multifunctional Information Distribution System (MIDS) JTRS, and Airborne, Maritime Fixed/Station (AMF) and one ACAT III program - Handheld JTRS Enhanced Multi-Band Intra-Team Radio (JEM). JTRS NED

3550-455: The metro in Hyderabad . In 2014, the company was tasked with equipping the public transport system of Bordeaux , France, with a contactless ticketing and revenue collection system, to be installed by February 2017. However, due to delays, the system is not expected to be operational until 2019. In Singapore, Thales was involved in a train collision resulting from a compatibility issue between

3621-418: The negotiations ended in 2017 after Latour Capital announced this business was "not aligned closely enough with its investment priorities." After subsequent talks with Chinese investors failed, Thales abandoned the divestment. Thales' international subsidiaries generated 52% of the company's revenue in 2008, with Thales UK being the largest of these accounting for 13% of group revenue. Its large presence in

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3692-478: The networks and creating the Internet: Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern Internet: Examples of Internet services: The Internet Protocol ( IP ) is the network layer communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking , and essentially establishes

3763-554: The new Soldier Radio Waveform. The Army announced in June 2015 a Request for Proposal (RFP) for full-rate production of the HMS program. Goal was set for assessment in 2015-2016 and for full rate production in 2017. JTRS is widely seen as one of the DoD's greatest acquisition failures, having spent $ 6B over 15 years without delivering a radio. Launched with a Mission Needs Statement on August 21, 1997 and

3834-606: The old signalling system's interface, and the new one. The accident resulted in 38 minor injuries. A similar incident would occur in March 2019 in Hong Kong on the Tsuen Wan line . In Vietnam, the company was awarded a €265 million contract in 2017 to deliver the telecommunications system for the currently constructed Line 3 of the Hanoi metro. Running behind schedule by one year, the metro line

3905-464: The operation of an audit clause in a contract, and the extent to which a supplier must comply with this. Thales had submitted claims for increased costs and for extensions to the time allowed for delivery of the system. TGM made various requests for documents intended to better help assess their claims. The Court instructed Thales to supply the requested documents. Although the ticketing system in Bordeaux

3976-492: The original Transmission Control Program introduced by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1974, which was complemented by a connection-oriented service that became the basis for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The Internet protocol suite is therefore often referred to as TCP/IP . The first major version of IP, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), is the dominant protocol of the Internet. Its successor

4047-415: The receiver. All fault conditions in the network must be detected and compensated by the participating end nodes. The upper layer protocols of the Internet protocol suite are responsible for resolving reliability issues. For example, a host may buffer network data to ensure correct ordering before the data is delivered to an application. IPv4 provides safeguards to ensure that the header of an IP packet

4118-413: The structure and operation of the JTRS, enabling programmable radios to load waveforms, run applications, and be networked into an integrated system. A Core Framework, providing a standard operating environment, must be implemented on every hardware set. Interoperability among radio sets was increased because the same waveform software can be easily ported to all radios. The Object Management Group (OMG),

4189-655: The topology of the network. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] There are four principal addressing methods in the Internet Protocol: In May 1974, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) published a paper entitled "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication". The paper's authors, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn , described an internetworking protocol for sharing resources using packet switching among network nodes . A central control component of this model

4260-429: The two parent companies also intended to combine their respective areas of competitive advantage to jointly develop and sell next-generation products. In June 2001, Thales formed ThalesRaytheonSystems , an equal-ownership joint venture with Raytheon combining their radar and communication systems divisions. It was restructured in 2016 to sell exclusively to NATO agencies and member states. In 2002, Thales set up

4331-494: The world show significant adoption of IPv6, with over 41% of Google's traffic being carried over IPv6 connections. The assignment of the new protocol as IPv6 was uncertain until due diligence assured that IPv6 had not been used previously. Other Internet Layer protocols have been assigned version numbers, such as 7 ( IP/TX ), 8 and 9 ( historic ). Notably, on April 1, 1994, the IETF published an April Fools' Day RfC about IPv9. IPv9

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4402-576: Was also used in an alternate proposed address space expansion called TUBA. A 2004 Chinese proposal for an IPv9 protocol appears to be unrelated to all of these, and is not endorsed by the IETF. The design of the Internet protocol suite adheres to the end-to-end principle , a concept adapted from the CYCLADES project. Under the end-to-end principle, the network infrastructure is considered inherently unreliable at any single network element or transmission medium and

4473-572: Was beset by delays and cost overruns, particularly Ground Mobile Radios (GMR), run by Boeing . Problems included a decentralized management structure, changing requirements, and unexpected technical difficulties that increased size and weight goals that made it harder to add the required waveforms. The JTRS was built on the Software Communications Architecture (SCA), an open-architecture framework that tells designers how hardware and software are to operate in harmony. It governs

4544-586: Was completed in December 2023. Thales Group supplies electronic devices and equipment used by the French Armed Forces from its past as Thomson-CSF, including the SPECTRA helmet for the army and the gendarmerie . It has worked with Dassault Aviation on the Dassault Rafale aircraft and made its SPECTRA defensive aids. Thales often worked with DCNS and designed the electronics used on French ships, and it

4615-458: Was originally due for launch in the summer of 2017, multiple delays pushed the new launch date back by 20 months to 2019. The project's many setbacks are considered to reflect negatively on the city's reputation, with Bordeaux's city's mayor and former French prime minister Alain Juppé , calling Thales' inability to meet its commitments "unacceptable behaviour." Michel Josserand, former head of THEC,

4686-791: Was responsible for the development, sustainment, and enhancement of interoperable networking and legacy software waveforms. NED's product line consists of: JTRS GMR are a key enabler of the DoD and Army Transformation and will provide critical communications capabilities across the full spectrum of Joint operations. Through software reconfiguration, JTRS GMR can emulate current force radios and operate new Internet Protocol (IP)-based networking waveforms offering increased data throughput utilizing self-forming, self-healing, and managed communication networks. The GMR route and retransmit functionality links various waveforms in different frequency bands to form one internetwork. GMR can scale from one to four channels supporting multiple security levels and effectively use

4757-504: Was signed in October of that year. In 2016, Thales acquired Vormetric , a data security company, for $ 400M. In 2017, it acquired Guavus and bid €4.76B for digital security company Gemalto . In 2018, Thales committed to divesting nCipher as a condition for its acquisition of Gemalto; in June 2019 it divested nCipher to Entrust . In 2023, Thales acquired cybersecurity company, Imperva , from Thoma Bravo for $ 3.6B. The acquisition

4828-523: Was the 8th largest defence contractor in the world with 55% of its total sales from military work. Patrice Caine was appointed chairman and CEO in December 2014. The firm began as Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston (CFTH), established in 1893. In 1968 Thomson-Brandt (a renamed CFTH) merged its electronics arm with that of Compagnie générale de la télégraphie sans fil (CSF) to form Thomson-CSF , which changed its name to Thales in December 2000. In October 1999, Samsung Electronics announced

4899-694: Was the Transmission Control Program that incorporated both connection-oriented links and datagram services between hosts. The monolithic Transmission Control Program was later divided into a modular architecture consisting of the Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol at the transport layer and the Internet Protocol at the internet layer . The model became known as the Department of Defense (DoD) Internet Model and Internet protocol suite , and informally as TCP/IP . The following Internet Experiment Note (IEN) documents describe

4970-562: Was to be a telephone, computer and router in one box that can transmit from 2 MHz to 2 GHz. A September 2006 Government Accountability Office report said these changes had helped reduce the risk of more cost and schedule overruns to "moderate." The U.S. military no longer plans to quickly replace all of its 750,000 tactical radios. The program is budgeted at $ 6.8 billion to produce 180,000 radios, an average cost per radio of $ 37,700. Program delays forced DOD to spend an estimated $ 11 billion to buy more existing tactical radios, such as

5041-401: Was to develop the AN/PRC-154 Rifleman Radio sets and embedded SFF-A (one channel), SFF-A (two channel) and SFF-D (one channel) versions. The AN/PRC-154 Rifleman Radio sets and SFFs were to utilize the Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) in a sensitive but unclassified environment (Type 2). In order to mitigate program waveform porting and integration challenges, the SRW application, which is managed by

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