John Lauder (c.1488 – after February 1560) was Scotland 's Public Accuser of Heretics . He was twice sent to Rome by King James V , to confirm the loyalty of the Scottish crown. As Principal Private Secretary to Cardinal David Beaton , Archbishop of St. Andrews, he successfully prosecuted many heretics, who were burnt at the stake, John Knox testifying to his extreme cruelty. Beaton was eventually murdered by the mob, but Lauder escaped and was later Private Secretary to Archbishop Hamilton (hanged April 1571).
52-623: In the Great Seal of Scotland , (number 1136 dated at Edinburgh on 15 February 1532) – "the King grants Letters of legitimation for John Lauder, bastard son of Sir Robert Lauder of The Bass ", knight (who died before February 1508). These Letters were subsequently confirmed by Pope Clement VII . Lauder was a licentiate 'in Pedagogio' (the science of learning) at the University of St Andrews in 1508, and in
104-552: A Decree Arbitral, dated at St. Andrews on 16 October 1518, he thus designates himself: "Ego sacris Apostolica et Imperiali auctoritatibus notarius, ac in officio Scriptori archivii Romane Curie matriculatus ac descriptus." He is recorded two years later as a Master of Arts. By July 1520 he was clerk in the office of the archives of the Roman Curia , and a notary. He was subsequently ordained and became at different stages of his career Archdeacon of Tweeddale , and of Teviotdale . He
156-476: A council held by Cardinal Beaton and William Chisholm , Bishop of Dunblane . Bishop Crichton of Dunkeld was also present. Lauder again prosecuted. During Forret's own defence "his Bible was plucked from his hand by Lauder, who denounced as heretical the conclusions he had drawn from it, and Forret and his four companions were condemned to the stake". The sentence was carried out on the Castle Hill of Edinburgh on
208-613: A museum of social history called The People's Story ), the Kirk of the Canongate (the Canongate's parish church and a thriving congregation of the Church of Scotland) and the new Scottish Parliament Building to Holyrood Palace and the ruined abbey. Until 1856 the Canongate was not merely a street, but the name of the surrounding burgh, separate from Edinburgh and outside the Flodden Wall. This street
260-403: A surplice, and a reid hood." Foxe also gave an account of this trial. A Papal confirmation was made by John Lauder, archdeacon of Teviotdale , and John Coldane, Provost of Methven , and John Guillermi, Provost of Seton , of a Feu Charter by Andrew, abbot of Melrose , to Arthur Sinclare of the lands of Lessuden except the lands of Newtoun, Earlston , Maxpeffill, Cammestoun and Plewland, with
312-1191: A wax figure that is attached by cord or ribbon to documents that the monarch wishes to make official. The earliest seal impression, in the Treasury of Durham Cathedral , is believed to be the Great Seal of Duncan II and dates to 1094. The first minister of Scotland is the current keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland and it is considered as one of the highest honours of the office of the first minister. Charles III William , Duke of Rothesay Swinney government The Rt Hon John Swinney MSP The Rt Hon John Swinney MSP Kate Forbes MSP Sixth session Alison Johnstone MSP Angela Constance MSP Dorothy Bain KC The Rt Hon Lord Carloway KC PC United Kingdom Parliament elections European Parliament elections Local elections Referendums Starmer ministry The Rt Hon Keir Starmer MP The Rt Hon Ian Murray MP In
364-479: Is a seal used by the first minister of Scotland to seal letters patent signed by the monarch giving royal assent to bills passed by the Scottish Parliament . The Great Seal of Scotland is the principal national symbol of Scotland that allows the monarch to authorise official documents without having to sign each document individually. Wax is melted in a metal mould or matrix and impressed into
416-700: Is a modern extension to John Knox House, owned by the Church of Scotland. It opened in 2006, replacing the former Netherbow Arts Centre, which itself replaced the Moray-Knox Church in the 1960s. Following the English victory over the Scots at the Battle of Flodden in 1513, a city wall was built around Edinburgh known as the Flodden Wall , some parts of which survive. The Netherbow Port was a gateway in this wall and brass studs in
468-618: Is styled Archdeacon of Teviotdale. Cardinal Beaton was himself finally murdered by a mob of reformists not long after Wishart's execution, and subsequently Lauder is noted in February 1551 and in March 1560 as a Notary Public of St. Andrews "by Apostolic authority" and "Secretarius" to Archbishop Hamilton , Beaton's successor, who was also later hanged on 6 April 1571. Lauder's fate is unknown. Great Seal of Scotland The Great Seal of Scotland ( Scottish Gaelic : Seala Mòr na h-Alba )
520-617: Is the notary public . (Seal of Robert Lauder appended in fair condition.) "John Lauder, Archdeacon of Teviotdale, Cardinal's Secretary", is a witness to a charter by David Betoun, Cardinal Archbishop of St. Andrews, dated there 15 March 1545/6. This charter gives a lot of detail on the family of the Cardinal. Master John Lauder was one of the auditors of the Chamberlain's Accounts for the Archbishopric of St. Andrews from 1540 to 1549, wherein he
572-531: Is the short approach to the Palace of Holyroodhouse at the foot of the Canongate. One of the buildings On the north side, the building to the east was the house of Lucky Spence, a notorious brothel madam, remembered in Allan Ramsay 's poem, Lucky Spence's Last Advice . The building to the west was described as a new "Great Mansion" in 1570. Renaissance painted ceilings were salvaged from the building in 1967. Some of
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#1732856122146624-566: Is the venue of the annual Edinburgh Military Tattoo at which time specially designed temporary grandstands are erected. From the Castle Esplanade, the first building on the right is Cannonball House which has a cannonball lodged in the wall facing the Esplanade, often said to have been accidentally fired from the Castle but which actually marks the elevation of Comiston Springs, three miles to
676-580: The Bank of Scotland . On the south-west corner of this intersection, with its entrance on George IV Bridge, is the Hotel Missoni, replacing the former Lothian Regional Council offices. This building is of controversial design, winning a Scottish Civic Trust award and a 2010 RIBA award, but also being nominated for (but not winning) the Carbuncle Cup in 2009. Between Bank Street and St Giles Street, marking
728-616: The Church of Scotland and New College are further down on the same side. The Scottish Parliament met in the Assembly Hall between 1999 and 2004. The Lawnmarket is a separately named part of the High Street. Addresses are a continuation of the High Street numbers. It runs from the West Bow to St Giles Street. A charter of 1477 designated this part of the High Street as the market-place for what
780-645: The Kingdom of Scotland , an independent sovereign country , the chancellor of Scotland had the custody of the King's Seal. The register of the Great Seal of Scotland is Scotland's oldest national record having served as a means by which the Monarch signs official documents in Scotland and documents relating to Scots law for over 700 years. Following the Union of the Crowns , the seal
832-439: The abbot of the monastery of Holyrood against James, Archbishop of St. Andrews . Although the cause had been committed to Laurence, Cardinal Campegio, he, nevertheless, resolved to despatch a special nuncio to Scotland to settle it, the archbishop until his arrival being detained in custody without prejudice to his spiritual jurisdiction, dated at Marseilles , 31 October 1533. King James V had sent Lauder to Rome again
884-454: The burgh . The prison was described by Sir Walter Scott as the "Heart of Midlothian", and soon after demolition the city fathers marked the site with a heart mosaic. Locals have traditionally spat upon the heart's centre as a sign of contempt for the prison. On the north side, opposite St Giles', stand Edinburgh City Chambers , where the City of Edinburgh Council meets. On the south side, just past
936-478: The prebend of the Archdeacon of Teviotdale, which post was held by Lauder from 1534 to 1551. His successor was John Hepburn , later Bishop of Brechin , who held the post from 1544 to 1564. On 5 January 1542 we find him as "the Cardinal's Secretary" representing Cardinal David Beaton at the reconsecration of the restored and ancient St Baldred 's chapel on The Bass , his father's stronghold. An instrument upon
988-614: The Bridges. North Bridge runs north over Waverley station to the New Town's Princes Street. South Bridge (which appears at street level to be simply a road with shops on either side—only one arch is visible from below) spans the Cowgate to the south, a street in a hollow below, and continues as Nicolson Street past the Old College building of the University of Edinburgh . At John Knox's House
1040-461: The Great Seal of Scotland from 1306 to 1668 are published in the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland ( Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum ). Castlehill, Edinburgh 55°57′02″N 3°11′08″W / 55.95056°N 3.18556°W / 55.95056; -3.18556 The Royal Mile ( Scottish Gaelic : Am Mìle Rìoghail ; Scots : Ryal Mile ) is a succession of streets forming
1092-658: The Great Seal of Scotland, and which only concern Offices, Grants, Commissions, and private Rights within that Kingdom". Hence, the Scotland Act 1998 refers to the current seal as "the seal appointed by the Treaty of Union to be kept and made use of in place of the Great Seal of Scotland". Nevertheless, the seal is still commonly referred to as the Great Seal of Scotland. Section 12 of the Treason Act 1708 ( 7 Ann. c. 21), still in force today, makes it treason in Scotland to counterfeit
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#17328561221461144-674: The High Kirk, is the Mercat Cross from which royal proclamations are read and the summoning of Parliament announced. The whole south side of buildings from St Giles to the Tron Kirk had to be rebuilt or refaced in the 1820s following the Great Edinburgh Fire of 1824. This was done in a Georgian style, stepping down the hill. The central focus of the Royal Mile is a major intersection with
1196-525: The High Street narrows to a section of the street formerly known as the Netherbow, which, at its crossroads with Jeffrey Street (north) and St Mary's Street (south), marked the former city boundary. At this point stood the Netherbow Port , a fortified gateway between Edinburgh and the Canongate (until 1856 a separate burgh), which was removed in 1764 to improve traffic flow. The Scottish Storytelling Centre
1248-707: The Old Town, rivalled only by Princes Street in the New Town . The Royal Mile contains a variety of shops, restaurants, public houses, and visitor attractions. During the annual Edinburgh Fringe , the High Street becomes crowded with tourists, entertainers, and buskers . Parliament Square is at the heart of Scotland's legal system, being the home of both the High Court of Justiciary and the Court of Session. Retreating ice sheets, many millennia ago, deposited their glacial debris behind
1300-561: The Seal is in the custody of the keeper of the Registers of Scotland, who has been appointed as deputy keeper. The obverse side features the current reigning monarch, while the reverse depicts the Royal Arms as used in Scotland . The obverse is inscribed "ELIZABETH II D G BRITT REGNORVMQVE SVORVM CETER REGINA CONSORTIONIS POPULORUM PRINCEPS F D" and the figure on it is the same as on the Great Seal of
1352-504: The Treasurer's Accounts we find that he was frequently employed in ecclesiastical negotiations and in 1533 was sent to Rome "in the Kingis erandis". Letters of Pope Clement VII addressed to King James V acknowledge that John Lauder had delivered to him in the city of Marseilles the King's letter (dated at Stirling 10 June 1533) together with the process raised by the bishop of Whithorn and
1404-589: The Tron and on the Royal Mile include the Entry of Mary, Queen of Scots (1561), the Entry of James VI (1579), and the Entry of Anne of Denmark (1590). In July 1598, scholars from Edinburgh High School put on a satirical play at the Tolbooth. Costumes were made for the characters of a Pope, two Cardinals, and several friars. After the performance the costumes were donated to the poor. Several infamous murders have taken place on
1456-630: The United Kingdom . Under the authority of an Order in Council made on 10 September 2022, following the demise of Queen Elizabeth II, the existing seal continues to be used until another seal is prepared and authorised by King Charles III. The design of the Great Seal is the responsibility of the Lord Lyon King of Arms . Since 1999 the keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland has been the incumbent first minister of Scotland : Records of charters under
1508-634: The central section of the Royal Mile: Beyond the crossroads, the Royal Mile continues down the Canongate, meaning literally "the canons' way" when it was used in former times by the Augustinian canons of Holyrood Abbey . The street continues downhill past Moray House (now the main academic offices of Moray House School of Education of the University of Edinburgh), the Canongate Tolbooth (now
1560-569: The end of the Lawnmarket, the High Court of Justiciary , Scotland's supreme criminal court, is housed in the Justiciary Building . On the south side, about one-third of the way down from the Castle toward the Palace is Parliament Square , named after the old Parliament House which housed both the law courts and the old Parliament of Scotland between the 1630s and 1707 (when its existence
1612-586: The execution of Wishart, with his faithful secretary and prosecutor, Lauder, at his side, in front of the Cardinal's Castle of St Andrews . Calderwood also mentions the "Trial of Adam Wallace, 1550.........at the farther end of the chancellarie wall (in the church of the Blacke Friars in Edinburgh), in the pulpit, was placed Mr. Johne Lawder, Parson of Marbottle Morebattle [- see note above, this fell within his remit as Archdeacon of Teviotdale ], accuser, cled in
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1664-528: The following year, with a letter, dated 5 November 1534, to congratulate Pope Paul III on his election, and "to testify to James's zeal and regard for the papacy." Lauder famously became Scotland's Public Accuser of Heretics. The prosecution of Norman Gourlay (sometimes spelt Gowrlay), described as vicar of Dollar, in Perthshire and David Stratton , a brother of the Laird of Lauriston , both of whom were burnt at
1716-476: The hard volcanic plug of the castle rock on which Edinburgh Castle stands, resulting in a distinctive crag and tail formation. Running eastwards from the crag on which the castle sits, the Royal Mile sits upon the ridge of the tail which slopes gently down to Holyrood Palace. Steep closes (or alleyways) run between the many tall lands (or tenement buildings) off the main thoroughfare. The route runs from an elevation of 138 feet (42 m) above sea level at
1768-590: The last day of February 1539. John Knox wrote a lot about this John Lauder, and referred to him as "a monstere, full of the Popis thunder, so spytfull that the ignorant people dreded least the earth then wold have swallowed them up." Knox on Lauder is also quoted by Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie , in an almost complete transcript of the trial, on 1 March 1546, of the martyr George Wishart , whom Lauder "laidin full off curssingis written in paper.....cruellie accussit him and condemnit him to death." Cardinal Beaton presided over
1820-637: The main thoroughfare of the Old Town of the city of Edinburgh in Scotland . The term was first used descriptively in W. M. Gilbert's Edinburgh in the Nineteenth Century (1901), describing the city "with its Castle and Palace and the royal mile between", and was further popularised as the title of a guidebook by R. T. Skinner published in 1920, " The Royal Mile (Edinburgh) Castle to Holyrood(house) ". The Royal Mile runs between two significant locations in
1872-483: The majority of shops in the street are aimed at tourists. On the north side is the preserved 17th century merchant's townhouse Gladstone's Land owned by the National Trust for Scotland . The lower end of the Lawnmarket is intersected by George IV Bridge on the right (south) and Bank Street on the left (north), leading to The Mound and the New Town. The view down Bank Street is closed by the baroque headquarters of
1924-516: The mill of Newtoun and thirlage of Newtoun, Lessuden, Earlston, Cammestone, Maxpeffill, Murehouslaw and Plewland except the fishings on the Tuede ( Tweed ) belonging to said lands of Lessuden, dated 26 February 1541. In 1541 Lauder, Archdeacon of Teviotdale, paid the third rental for the parsonage and vicarage of Morebattle , in Roxburghshire , amounting to £73/15/7. It is mentioned that this formed
1976-526: The palace to 358 feet (109 m) at the castle, giving an average gradient of 4.1%. The Castle Esplanade was laid out as a parade ground, in 1753, using spoil from the building of the Royal Exchange (now the City Chambers ). It was formalised in 1816 when it was widened and provided with decorative railings and walls. The Esplanade with its several monuments has been A-listed by Historic Scotland . It
2028-503: The receipt by Robert Lawder of Bass of £80 Scots in redemption of the lands of Kylpallet, constabulary of Haddington and shire of Edinburgh , wadset to him by John Lord Hay of Yester; Done at the instance of the said Lord's procurator, Mr. Thomas Hay, provost of Bothanis Abbey St Bathans , place of Biel , 2 p.m., 21 March 1542. Witnesses: John Lawder, natural son of the laird of Bass, John Lawder in Stenton and Thomas Wait. John Manderstoun
2080-533: The reverse side, a view of troops with a landscape in the background was featured. The Coat of Arms of Scotland featured on the seal with English language inscriptions. Strictly, the continuation of the Great Seal of Scotland was guaranteed by the Treaty of Union which provided that "a Seal in Scotland after the Union be alwayes kept and made use of in all things relating to private Rights or Grants, which have usually passed
2132-734: The road mark its former position. On the corner of St Mary's Street is the World's End Pub which takes its name from the adjacent World's End Close, whimsically so named because this was in former times the last close in Edinburgh before entering the Canongate. There was a triumph or show at the Salt Tron and other locations on the Royal Mile to celebrate the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots , and Francis II of France , on 3 July 1558. The wedding itself took place in Paris on 24 April 1558. The Edinburgh entertainment
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2184-401: The royal history of Scotland : Edinburgh Castle and the Palace of Holyroodhouse . The name derives from it being the traditional processional route of monarchs, with a total length of approximately one mile. The streets which make up the Royal Mile are (west to east) Castlehill, the Lawnmarket, the High Street, the Canongate and Abbey Strand. The Royal Mile is the busiest tourist street in
2236-414: The seal. The Great Seal is administered by the keeper of the Great Seal, one of the Great Officers of State . From 1885 this office was held by the secretary for Scotland , later the Secretary of State for Scotland . It transferred in 1999 to the first minister of Scotland , whose place in the order of precedence in Scotland is determined by his or her office as keeper of the Great Seal. In practice
2288-409: The south of the Castle, which fed a cistern on Castlehill, one of the first piped water supplies in Scotland. Castlehill is dominated by the former Tolbooth-Highland-St John's Church (on the south side at the foot of this section), now the headquarters of the Edinburgh International Festival society – The Hub , and on the north side by the Outlook Tower and Camera Obscura . The Assembly Hall of
2340-429: The stake in August 1534, was carried out by Lauder. Patrick Fraser Tytler chronicled the trial of Thomas Forret , the martyr , in 1539. Dean Thomas Forret had also been vicar of Dollar , and a canon regular of the monastery of St. Colm's , Inch . He was tried along Duncan Simpson (a priest), two black friars – John Keillor and John Beveridge – plus a notary in Stirling by the name of Robert Forster, before
2392-402: The timbers were felled in the 1560s. During 20th century restorations by the Ministry of Works , other painted beams found at Midhope Castle and Caroline Park were inserted into the buildings. On the south side is the Queen's Gallery , used to exhibit items in the Royal collection, in the shell of the former Holyrood Free Church and Duchess of Gordon's School. There are also the remains of
2444-412: The union with Scotland, England and Ireland under one monarch as a result of the Union of the Crowns which came into effect in 1603. During the period which Scotland was under the Commonwealth (1652–1660), the Great Seal was changed to depict Oliver Cromwell who was the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth . The seal depicted a Cromwell equestrian figure with long hair and wearing a sash and armour. On
2496-529: Was Principal Private Secretary to Secretary to Cardinal David Beaton , and after him, Archbishop Hamilton . In a Feudal Charter granted by David, Cardinal Beaton dated 6 October 1539, one of the witnesses was "John Lauder, Archdeacon of Tweeddale , the Cardinal's Secretary". "John Lauder, Archdeacon of Teviotdale ", had a personal armorial seal, noted from a document in 1539 as: a shield bearing arms :- 1st & 4th: Three piles (charged with as many annulets ?), 2nd & 3rd: A griffin segreant contourne. In
2548-423: Was adapted under the reign of James VI and I (James VI of Scotland, and James I of England and Ireland). The seal was first used in 1603 until 1605 and notably featured a change of coat of arms on the seal. The coat of arms featured on the Great Seal under James VI contained the arms of both Scotland and Ireland and also featured differences to the legend which featured on the seal. Such changes were an indication of
2600-427: Was called "inland merchandise" – items such as yarn, stockings, coarse cloth and other similar articles. In later years, linen was the main product sold. As a result, it became known as the Land Market which was later corrupted to Lawn Market. Located in a close on the south side, Riddle's Court is the well-preserved 16th-century house of a merchant John MacMorran , who was shot by rioting schoolboys in 1595. Today,
2652-422: Was ended by the Act of Union ). Parliament House now houses the Court of Session , Scotland's supreme civil court . St Giles' Cathedral , the High Kirk of Edinburgh, also stands in Parliament Square. By the West Door of St Giles' is the Heart of Midlothian , a heart-shaped pattern built into the "setted" road, marking the site of the Old Tolbooth , formerly the centre of administration, taxation and justice in
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#17328561221462704-422: Was written and produced by William Lauder and William Adamson. Walter Binning painted the "play cart" for actors portraying the signs of the seven planets and Cupid. Artificial "summer trees" decorated with fruit made from tennis balls covered with gold foil or leaf were placed on four stages. The seven planets had been portrayed in a show in Paris after the wedding. Other 16th-century royal entertainments at
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