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28-407: Jamshoro District was split from Dadu District on 14 December 2004. It is situated on the west bank of River Indus . The total geographical area of the district is 11,260 square kilometres. It is about 220 kilometers from north to south and about 100 kilometres wide from east to west. A 2 to 6 kilometres wide belt of the west bank of River Indus is cultivated and irrigated and the remaining land of

56-531: A professional setting and by educated folk. The following Latin-based alphabet was adopted by the International Workshop on "Balochi Roman Orthography" (University of Uppsala, Sweden, 28–30 May 2000). a á b c d ď e f g ĝ h i í j k l m n o p q r ř s š t ť u ú v w x y z ž ay aw (33 letters and 2 digraphs) In 1933, the Soviet Union adopted a Latin-based alphabet for Balochi as follows: The alphabet

84-521: Is subject–object–verb . Like many other Indo-Iranian languages, Balochi also features split ergativity . The subject is marked as nominative except for the past tense constructions where the subject of a transitive verb is marked as oblique and the verb agrees with the object . Balochi, like many Western Iranian languages, has lost the Old Iranian gender distinctions. Much of the Balochi number system

112-644: Is a district of Sindh Province , Pakistan. With headquarters in the city of Dadu , the district was created in 1931 by merging Kotri and Mahal Kohistan (later Jamshoro ) tehsils from Karachi District and Mehar, Khairpur Nathan Shah, Dadu, Johi and Sehwan tehsils from Larkana District . In 2004, several talukas in the south were split off to create the new Jamshoro District . Its boundary touches four districts of Sindh: Jamshoro , Naushahro Feroze , Shaheed Benazirabad and Kamber Shahdadkot . The main languages spoken in Dadu are Sindhi , Balochi and Urdu . Some of

140-501: Is a list of Dadu District's 351 dehs, organised by taluka: 26°20′N 67°35′E  /  26.333°N 67.583°E  / 26.333; 67.583 Balochi language Balochi ( بلۏچی , romanized: Balòci ) is a Northwestern Iranian language , spoken primarily in the Balochistan region of Pakistan , Iran and Afghanistan . In addition, there are speakers in Oman ,

168-588: Is identical to Persian . According to Mansel Longworth Dames , Balochi writes the first twelve numbers as follows: Balochi was not a written language before the 19th century, and the Persian script was used to write Balochi wherever necessary. However, Balochi was still spoken at the Baloch courts. British colonial officers first wrote Balochi with the Latin script. Following the creation of Pakistan, Baloch scholars adopted

196-424: Is noted that the stop and glide consonants may also occur as aspirated allophones in word initial position as [pʰ tʰ ʈʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ] and [wʱ] . Allophones of stops in postvocalic position include for voiceless stops, [f θ x] and for voiced stops [β ð ɣ] . /n l/ are also dentalized as [n̪ l̪] . Difference between a question and a statement is marked with the tone, when there is no question word. Rising tone marks

224-420: Is practiced by 0.64% of the population. Sindhi was the predominant language, spoken by 99.03% of the population. In 1931, Dadu District was created by the birfucation of Larkana District . Pre-Dadu Sub-Divisions Pre-Sehwan Sub-Divisions District Dadu has four tehsils, as tabulated below: 1998 Census 2017 Census Union Councils The District has 14 Circles, 111 Tapa and 351 Dehs. The following

252-595: Is rural and they are involved in cultivation. Industrial areas and Power plants are using manpower, while towns are providing business opportunities to the residents. The inhabitants of mountainous area keep cattle while Mallahs o Manchhar Lake earn their living by fishing. Approximately 20% of the district population works for the federal and provincial government. Nooriabad Industrial Area and Kotri Industrial Area are two big zones of Industries where more than 500 different industries are located.. Jamshoro Power Station , Lakhra Power Project and Kotri Thermal Power Station are

280-548: Is spoken in the Qashqai tribal confederation in the Fars province . Koroshi distinguishes itself in grammar and lexicon among Balochi varieties. The Balochi Academy Sarbaz has designed a standard alphabet for Balochi. The Balochi vowel system has at least eight vowels: five long and three short . These are /aː/ , /eː/ , /iː/ , /oː/ , /uː/ , /a/ , /i/ and /u/ . The short vowels have more centralized phonetic quality than

308-454: Is still used very frequently. آ، ا، ب، پ، ت، ٹ، ج، چ، د، ڈ، ر، ز، ژ، س، ش، ک، گ، ل، م، ن، و، ھ ہ، ء، ی ے The Balochi Standard Alphabet , standardized by Balochi Academy Sarbaz, consists of 29 letters. It is an extension of the Perso-Arabic script and borrows a few glyphs from Urdu . It is also sometimes referred to as Balo-Rabi or Balòrabi. Today, it is the preferred script to use in

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336-498: Is still written in a modified Arabic script based on Persian . In 2002, a conference was held to help standardize the script that would be used for Balochi. The following alphabet was used by Syed Zahoor Shah Hashmi in his lexicon of Balochi Sayad Ganj ( سید گنج ) (lit. Sayad's Treasure ). Until the creation of the Balochi Standard Alphabet , it was by far the most widely used alphabet for writing Balochi, and

364-553: Is used to denote nasalization of the preceding vowel . In addition, /f/ occurs in a few words in Southern Balochi. /x/ (voiceless velar fricative) in some loanwords in Southern Balochi corresponding to /χ/ (voiceless uvular fricative) in Western Balochi; and /ɣ/ (voiced velar fricative) in some loanwords in Southern Balochi corresponding to /ʁ/ (voiced uvular fricative) in Western Balochi. In Eastern Balochi, it

392-698: The Arab states of the Persian Gulf , Turkmenistan , East Africa and in diaspora communities in other parts of the world. The total number of speakers, according to Ethnologue , is 8.8 million. Of these, 6.28 million are in Pakistan. According to Brian Spooner , Literacy for most Baloch-speakers is not in Balochi, but in Urdu in Pakistan and Persian in Afghanistan and Iran. Even now very few Baloch read Balochi, in any of

420-520: The Northwestern group . Glottolog classifies four different varieties, namely Koroshi , Southern Balochi and Western Balochi (grouped under a "Southern-Western Balochi" branch), and Eastern Balochi, all under the "Balochic" group. ISO 639-3 groups Southern, Eastern, and Western Baloch under the Balochi macrolanguage, keeping Koroshi separate. Balochi, somehow near similarity with the Parthian and on

448-700: The Persian alphabet . The first collection of poetry in Balochi, Gulbang by Mir Gul Khan Nasir was published in 1951 and incorporated the Arabic Script . It was much later that Sayad Zahoor Shah Hashemi wrote a comprehensive guidance on the usage of Arabic script and standardized it as the Balochi Orthography in Pakistan and Iran. This earned him the title of the 'Father of Balochi'. His guidelines are widely used in Eastern and Western Balochistan. In Afghanistan, Balochi

476-408: The 2017 census, Jamshoro had a sex ratio of 900 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 46.47%: 55.14% for males and 36.71% for females. 432,621 (43.53%) lived in urban areas. 292,082 (29.39%) were under 10 years of age. In 2023, the district had 213,639 households and a population of 1,117,308. The current population figures are tabulated below: The majority religion is Islam , with 94.14% of

504-571: The countries, even though the alphabet in which it is printed is essentially identical to Persian and Urdu. Balochi belongs to the Western Iranian subgroup, and its original homeland is suggested to be around the central Caspian region. Balochi is an Indo-European language , spoken by the Baloch and belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch of the family. As an Iranian language , it is classified in

532-472: The district is either hilly or cultivated. Agriculture is the main source of income. In summer, the northern part (Sehwan) is hotter than that of other parts of the district and normally cool in winter. The district is rich in limestone, salika sand, gravels, silt, and marble. These minerals are found in Taluka Thano Bula Khan and Sehwan. Coal is obtained from Lakhra Taluka Manjhand. At the time of

560-517: The long vowels. The variety spoken in Karachi also has nasalized vowels, most importantly /ẽː/ and /ãː/ . In addition to these eight vowels, Balochi has two vowel glides, that is /aw/ and /ay/. The following table shows consonants which are common to both Western (Northern) and Southern Balochi. The consonants /s/, /z/, /n/, /ɾ/ and /l/ are articulated as alveolar in Western Balochi. The plosives /t/ and /d/ are dental in both dialects. The symbol ń

588-603: The main power units in this district. Two main town's of Sindh Industrial and Trading Estate are in Jamshoro District, Kotri and Nooriabad . Having more than 500 production plants which produces Cotton, Rice, Flour, Oil and many more. The district is administratively subdivided into the following tehsil : Jamshoro District includes the following Union Councils : The following is a list of Jamshoro District's dehs, organised by taluka: Dadu District Dadu District ( Sindhi : ضلعو دادو ), ( Urdu : ضلع دادو )

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616-560: The other hand, it has near kinship to the Avestan . There are two main dialects: the dialect of the Mandwani (northern) tribes and the dialect of the Domki (southern) tribes. The dialectal differences are not very significant. One difference is that grammatical terminations in the northern dialect are less distinct compared with those in the southern tribes. An isolated dialect is Koroshi , which

644-470: The popular tourist attractions in the district include the Gorakh Hill and Manchar Lake . Languages of Dadu District ( 2023 Pakistani census ) According to the 2023 census, 1,725,321 people in the district speak Sindhi , 5,974 Balochi , 4,118 Urdu , 2,072 Saraiki , 1,962 Punjabi , 1,262 Pashto , 760 Brahui , 401 Hindko , 11 Kashmiri , 1 Shina & 425 others spoke as their first language. At

672-405: The population. Hinduism (including those from Scheduled Castes) is practiced by 4.76% of the population, while Christians are 0.99% of the population. Languages of Jamshoro district (2023) At the time of the 2023 census, 89.43% of the population spoke Sindhi , 3.67 Urdu , 2.34% Punjabi , 1.87% Pashto and 1.46% Balochi as their first language. The majority of the population of the district

700-458: The question and falling tone the statement. Statements and questions with a question word are characterized by falling intonation at the end of the sentence. Questions without a question word are characterized by rising intonation at the end of the sentence. Both coordinate and subordinate clauses that precede the final clause in the sentence have rising intonation. The final clause in the sentence has falling intonation. The normal word order

728-427: The time of the 2017 census, Dadu had a sex ratio of 948 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 47.26%: 57.92% for males and 36.02% for females. 383,406 (24.72%) lived in urban areas. 496,175 (32.00%) were under 10 years of age. In 2023, the district had 340,665 households and a population of 1,742,320. The majority religion is Islam, with 99.15% of the population. Hinduism (including those from Scheduled Castes)

756-514: Was used for several texts, including children's books, newspapers, and ideological works. In 1938, however, the official use of Balochi was discontinued. In 1989, Mammad Sherdil, a teacher from the Turkmen SSR , approached Balochi language researcher Sergei Axenov with the idea of creating a Cyrillic -based alphabet for Balochi. Before this, the Cyrillic script was already used for writing Balochi and

784-399: Was used in several publications but the alphabet was not standardized. In 1990, the alphabet was finished. It included the following letters: The project was approved with some minor changes ( қ , ꝑ , and ы were removed due to the rarity of those sounds in Balochi, and о̄ was added). From 1992 to 1993, several primary school textbooks were printed in this script. In the early 2000s,

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