50-567: The Jammu division ( / ˈ dʒ æ m uː , ˈ dʒ ʌ m -/ ; Dogri pronunciation: [dʒəmːuː] ) is a revenue and administrative division of the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region. It is bordered by the Kashmir division to the north. It consists of the districts of Jammu , Doda , Kathua , Ramban , Reasi , Kishtwar , Poonch , Rajouri , Udhampur and Samba . Most of
100-573: A Museum, gardens and forts . Hindu holy shrine Vaishno Devi attracts tens of thousands of Hindu devotees every year. Jammu's natural landscape has made it one of the most favoured destinations for adventure tourism in South Asia. Jammu's historic monuments feature a unique blend of Islamic and Hindu architecture styles. PURMANDAL , also known as Chhota Kashi or Kashi of Jammu , is located 35 km from Jammu city. An ancient holy place, it has several temples of Shiva and other deities. On Shivratri ,
150-622: A nice view of the old city and Tawi river. There is a small canteen on one side of the garden. On the by-pass road behind Bahu Fort, the city forest surrounds the ancient Mahamaya Temple overlooking the river Tawi. A small garden surrounded by acres of woods provides a commanding view of the city. Opposite the Bahu Fort, overlooking the River Tawi is a temple dedicated to Mahamaya of Dogra descent, who lost her life fourteen centuries ago fighting foreign invaders. The present temple of Bawey Wali Mata
200-609: A regional or ethnic name current in the region. Jammu is mentioned by name in the chronicles of Timur , who invaded Delhi in 1398 and returned to Samarkand via Jammu. Raja Bhim Dev is prominently mentioned in the Delhi chronicles as a supporter of Mubarah Shah ( r. 1421–1434 ) against Jasrat . Between 1423 and 1442, Jammu came under control of Jasrat ( r. 1405–1442 ) who conquered it after killing his arch-enemy Bhim Dev in 1423. Later, Jasrat appointed Manik Dev (also known as Ajeo Dev) as vassal, and married his daughter. In
250-477: A smaller lake that is linked to Mansar, is 24 km (15 mi) from Jammu via the by-pass road. Bahu Fort, which also serves as a religious temple, is situated about 5 km from Jammu city on a rock face on the left bank of the river Tawi. This is perhaps the oldest fort and edifice in Jammu city. Constructed originally by Raja Bahulochan over 3000 years ago, the fort was improved and rebuilt by Dogra rulers. Inside
300-614: A war indemnity from the Sikhs which included all of the hilly territory between the Ravi and Indus rivers, and then transferred it to Gulab Singh, recognising him as an independent Maharaja. Gulab Singh paid 7.5 million Nanakshahee Rupees to the British in the transaction. Thus the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir came into being, ruled by Gulab Singh and his descendants, known as the Dogra dynasty . During
350-433: Is also a holy site, sharing the legend and sanctity of Lake Manasarovar . On the eastern bank of Mansar Lake is a shrine dedicated to Shesha , a mythological snake with six heads. The shrine comprises a big boulder on which are placed a number of iron chains perhaps representing the small serpents waiting on the tutelary deity of Shesha. Newlyweds consider it auspicious to perform three circumambulations ( Parikarma ) around
400-583: Is an important Mandir of Jammu region dedicated to Goddess Sukrala, a manifestation of Goddess Sharada of Kashmir. It is located in Sukrala village near Billawar town in Kathua district . Situated 62 km from Jammu, Mansar Lake is a lake fringed by forest-covered hills, over a mile long by half a mile wide. 32°41′46″N 75°08′49″E / 32.69611°N 75.14694°E / 32.69611; 75.14694 Besides being an excursion destination in Jammu, it
450-544: Is covered with snow in the winter. The Banihal Pass , which links the Jammu region to the Kashmir region, often experiences closure in the winter months due to extremely heavy snowfall. Religions in Jammu Division (2011) Jammu Division: mother-tongue of population, according to the 2011 Census. According to the 2011 census, the total population of Jammu Division is 5,350,811. Scheduled castes ( Dalits ) constitute 19.44% of
500-486: Is in an area of thick forests teeming with wildlife. It is a renowned natural habitat for a significant population of pheasants. Among the other avifauna are Indian mynah , blue rock pigeon , Indian peafowl , red junglefowl , cheer pheasant and chakor . Spread over an area of 34 km (13 sq mi), the sanctuary is rich in fauna and provides refuge to a wide variety of mammals , chiefly leopard , wild boar , rhesus monkey , bharal and grey langur . This
550-749: Is led by an officer of the Indian Administrative Service , known as a divisional commissioner . There are 103 divisions in India. The states of Andhra Pradesh , Goa , Gujarat , Kerala , Manipur , Mizoram , Sikkim , Tamil Nadu , Telangana , and Tripura as well as five of the union territories are not divided into divisions. Some states consist of regions, which have no official administrative governmental status. They are purely geographic regions; some correspond to historic countries, states or provinces. A region may comprise one or more divisions, averaging about three divisions per region. However,
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#1732851855250600-938: Is located on the bank of river Tawi and it is widely believed that Ramayan character Jamvant (the bear god) meditated in this cave. The Ranbireshwar Temple has twelve Shiva lingams of crystal measuring 300 mm (12 in) to 460 mm (18 in) and galleries with thousands of shaligrams fixed on stone slabs. Located on the Shalimar Road near the New Secretariat, and built by Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1883 CE. It has one central lingam measuring 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in) in height and twelve Shiva lingams of crystal measuring from 150 to 380 mm (5.9 to 15.0 in) and galleries with thousands of Shiva lingams fixed on stone slabs. The cave shrine of Shivkhori , situated in Reasi District of Jammu and Kashmir, depicts
650-627: Is spacious enough to accommodate a large number of people. The inner chamber of the cave is smaller. The cave has many natural impressions and images of various Hindu deities and full of divine feelings. That is why Shivkhori is known as "the Home of Gods". Divisions of India India is a union of states and union territories as per article 1 of the Indian Constitution . Some states and union territories are further divided into divisions , which are made up of groups of districts . A division
700-606: The Bhangi , Kanhaiya and Sukerchakia misls . Around 1770, the Bhangi misl attacked Jammu and forced Ranjit Dev to become a tributary. Brij Lal Dev, his successor, was defeated by the Sukerchakia chief Mahan Singh, who sacked Jammu and plundered it. Thus Jammu lost its supremacy over the surrounding country. In 1808, Jammu itself was annexed to the Sikh Empire by Maharaja Ranjit Singh ,
750-628: The Dogras , who comprise approximately 47% of the population. Jammu's people are closely related to Punjabis . The Jammu District overall has a population – 84% practice Hinduism, 7% practice Islam and most of the remainder are Sikhs. The Hindus form a majority in the Jammu , Kathua , Samba and Udhampur districts, and roughly half the population in the Reasi district . Most of Jammu's Hindus are native Dogras, Kashmiri Pandits , Punjabi Hindu migrants and refugees from
800-588: The Kotli and Mirpur areas which are currently administered by Pakistan. Many Sikhs are migrants from Pakistan-administered Kashmir, mainly from Muzaffarabad and Poonch sector areas annexed by Pakistan in 1947. In Jammu Division, " Dogri is spoken by a majority in the five districts of Jammu, Udhampur, Kathua, Samba and Reasi". Other common languages include Gojri , Pahari , Kashmiri , Hindi , Punjabi and Urdu . Hindus of Jammu region are subdivided into various caste groups, and of them Brahmins and Rajputs are
850-580: The Roshni Act , which was declared unconstitutional by the Jammu and Kashmir High Court in 2020. The present arrangement of legislative assembly seats (46 in Kashmir and 37 in Jammu) deprives Jammu region an equal say in decision-making process. This has been the main point of contention behind the strong regional divide. There have been repeated demands for the constitution of a Delimitation Commission to address issues related to electoral arrangements. After changing
900-494: The Dogra rule, Jammu in the Jammu province and Srinagar in Kashmir province were both used as capitals, six months to a year each. Poonch and Chibhal were granted as jagirs to Dhyan Singh's surviving sons, Jawahir Singh and Moti Singh. However, Jawahir Singh got involved in conspiracies and was exiled to Punjab. Chibhal ( Bhimber ) thus reverted to Gulab Singh, while Poonch remained under the control of Moti Singh and his descendants under
950-654: The Kashmiri Muslims. There is a substantial presence of Kashmiri Muslims in Kishtwar , Ramban and Doda districts. Reasi district also has a significant population of Kashmiri Muslims. The Jammu district also has a significant population of Kashmiri Hindus . As of April 2021, the Jammu Division consists of ten districts: During the Maharaja's reign before the Independence and Partition of India (and of Jammu and Kashmir),
1000-635: The Sikh court and Gulab Singh deteriorated. During the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846), Gulab Singh kept aloof. He was nevertheless invited to Lahore and installed as prime minister of the Sikh Empire. His actions as the Prime Minister were duplicitous and contributed to a Sikh defeat. The British decided to weaken the power of the Sikhs and set up Gulab Singh as a counterweight. Accordingly, they demanded
1050-542: The Tourism Department. With all the religious belief and heritage behind the Mansar Lake, it is also famous among tourists with all its flora and fauna . The lake is circled by an illuminated, with viewing decks to observe seasonal birds, tortoise , and fishes of different species. A wildlife sanctuary houses jungle life, including spotted deer, neelgai, and water birds such as cranes and ducks. One can also witness
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#17328518552501100-3039: The boundaries of the regions and the boundaries of the divisions do not always coincide exactly. So far there has been no movement to give the regions official administrative status. If this was to be done, it would presumably require that the boundaries of the regions be slightly modified so that they correspond exactly with their constituent districts. Ballari, Bidar, Kalaburagi, Koppala, Raichuru, Vijayanagara and Yadgir Bhopal, Raisen, Rajgarh, Sehore and Vidisha Alirajpur, Barwani, Burhanpur, Indore, Dhar, Jhabua, Khandwa and Khargone Gwalior, Ashoknagar, Shivpuri, Datia and Guna Rewa, Satna, Sidhi and Singrauli Chhatarpur, Damoh, Panna, Sagar, Tikamgarh and Niwari Anuppur, Shahdol and Umaria Agar, Ujjain, Dewas, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ratlam and Shajapur Morena, Sheopur and Bhind Betul, Harda and Narmadapuram Akola, Amravati, Buldana, Yavatmal and Washim Aurangabad Beed, Jalna, Osmanabad, Nanded, Latur, Parbhani and Hingoli Mumbai City, Mumbai Suburban, Thane, Palghar, Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg Bhandara, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Gondia, Nagpur and Wardha Ahmednagar, Dhule, Jalgaon, Nandurbar and Nashik Kolhapur, Pune, Sangli, Satara and Solapur South West Garo Hills, West Garo Hills, North Garo Hills, East Garo Hills and South Garo Hills West Khasi Hills, South West Khasi Hills, Ri-Bhoi, East Khasi Hills, Eastern West Khasi Hills, West Jaintia Hills and East Jaintia Hills Chümoukedima, Dimapur, Kiphire, Kohima, Longleng, Mokokchung, Mon, Niuland, Noklak, Peren, Phek, Shamator, Tuensang, Tseminyü, Wokha and Zünheboto Balasore, Bhadrak, Cuttack, Jagatsinghpur, Jajpur, Kendrapada, Khordha, Mayurbhanj, Nayagarh and Puri Angul, Balangir, Bargarh, Deogarh, Dhenkanal, Jharsuguda, Kendujhar, Sambalpur, Subarnapur and Sundargarh Boudh, Gajapati, Ganjam, Kalahandi, Kandhamal, Koraput, Malkangiri, Nabarangpur, Nuapada and Rayagada Patiala, Sangrur, Malerkotla, Barnala, Fatehgarh Sahib and Ludhiana Faridkot, Bathinda and Mansa Firozepur, Moga, Shri Muktsar Sahib and Fazilka Jalandhar, Gurdaspur, Pathankot, Amritsar, Tarn Taran, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur Rup Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar and Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar Jaipur, Alwar, Jhunjhunu, Sikar and Dausa Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jodhpur, Pali and Sirohi Ajmer, Bhilwara, Nagaur and Tonk Udaipur, Banswara, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Dungarpur and Rajsamand Bikaner, Churu, Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar and Kota Bharatpur, Dholpur, Karauli, Sawai and Madhopur Agra, Firozabad, Mainpuri and Mathura Aligarh, Etah, Hathras and Kasganj Prayagraj, Fatehpur, Kaushambi and Pratapgarh Azamgarh, Ballia and Mau Badaun, Bareilly, Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur Basti, Sant Kabir Nagar and Siddharthnagar Banda, Chitrakoot, Hamirpur and Mahoba Bahraich, Balarampur, Gonda and Shravasti Ambedkar Nagar, Barabanki, Ayodhya, Sultanpur and Amethi Deoria, Gorakhpur, Kushinagar and Maharajganj Jalaun, Jhansi and Lalitpur Jamwal Jamwal
1150-608: The declining years of the Mughal Empire , the region comprised 22 hill states that emerged from the Mughal suzerainty. Hutchison and Vogel, who first studied these states, called them the Dugar group of states. ( Dugar is a medieval term with ancient form Durgara and modern form Dogra .) The state of Jammu is believed to have been the most prominent among the Dugar group, which they identified with
1200-503: The early-16th-century Mughal chronicles of Babur , Jammu is mentioned as a powerful state in the Punjab hills. Emperor Akbar brought the hill kingdoms of the region under Mughal suzerainty, but the kings enjoyed considerable political autonomy. In addition to Jammu, other kingdoms of the region such as Kishtwar and Rajauri were also prominently mentioned. It is evident that the Mughal empire treated these hill chiefs as allies and partners in
1250-505: The empire. After the decline of Mughal power in the 18th century, the Jammu state under Raja Dhruv Dev, of the Jamuwal (or Jamwal ) family, asserted its supremacy among the Dugar states. Its ascent reached its peak under his successor Raja Ranjit Dev (r. 1728–1780), who was widely respected among the hill states. Towards the end of Ranjit Dev's rule, the Sikh clans of Punjab ( misls ) gained ascendancy, and Jammu began to be contested by
1300-461: The end of the cave are shrines dedicated to the three forms of the mother goddess — Mahakali , Mahalakshmi and Mahasarasvati . Pilgrims start trekking to the cave temple, which is 13 km (8.1 mi) from Katra, enter in small groups through a narrow opening and walk through ice-cold waters to reach the shrines. According to legend, the mother goddess hid in the cave while escaping a demon whom she ultimately killed. Nandini Wildlife Sanctuary
1350-399: The epic Ramayana . This temple consists of seven shrines, each with a tower of its own. It is the largest temple complex in northern India. Though 130 years old, the complex is remarkable for sacred scriptures, one of the richest collections of ancient texts and manuscripts in its library. Its arches, surface, and niches are undoubtedly influenced by Mughal architecture while the interiors of
1400-590: The following districts were also part of Jammu region: Bhimber, Kotli, Mirpur, Poonch (Western parts), Haveli, Bagh and Sudhnati. Today these districts are part of Pakistan Administered Jammu and Kashmir . The major political parties in the region are the Congress , the BJP , the National Conference , the Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party and the Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party . Various sections of
1450-456: The fort is a temple dedicated to the Goddess Kali , popularly known as Bave Wali Mata , the presiding deity of Jammu. Every Tuesday and Sunday pilgrims throng this temple and partake in "Tawi flowing worship". Today the fort is surrounded by a terraced garden which is a favourite picnic spot of the city folk. Bagh-e-Bahu , located on the banks of Tawi river, is a Mughal-age garden. It gives
1500-555: The kingdom of Durgara . The term Durgara is attested in an 11th-century copper plate inscription from Chamba . The inscription refers to an attack on Chamba by the "Lord of Durgara" allied with Saumatikas and the Kiras of Chamba. However, no kingdom by that name is mentioned in the Rajatarangini . Durgara could have been a reference to Vallapura (modern Billawar ) or Babbapura (modern Babor). Some scholars believe it to have been
1550-496: The lake to seek the blessings of Shesha. Two ancient temples of Umapati Mahadev and Narasimha and a temple of Durga are situated in the vicinity of the Mansar Lake and which are visited by devotees in large numbers. People take a holy dip in the water of the lake on festive occasions. Certain communities of Hindus perform the Mundan ceremony (first haircut) of their male children here. Mansar Lake also has boating facilities provided by
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1600-653: The land is hilly or mountainous, including the Pir Panjal Range which separates it from the Kashmir Valley and part of the Great Himalayas in the eastern districts of Doda and Kishtwar. Its principal river is the Chenab . Jammu city is the largest city in Jammu and the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is also known as "City of Temples" as it has many temples and shrines , with glittering shikhars soaring into
1650-407: The natural formation of shivlingum. It is one of the most venerated cave shrines of Lord Shiva in the region. The holy cave is approximately 150 m (490 ft) long, and contains "4 ft (1.2 m) high Svayambhu Lingum, which constantly baths in a milky lime fluid dripping from the ceiling." The first entrance of the cave is so wide that 300 devotees can be accommodated at a time. Its cavern
1700-656: The north and the Daman Koh plains to the south, the Shivalik Range comprises most of the region of Jammu. The Pir Panjal Range , the Trikuta Hills and the low-lying Tawi River basin add diversity to the terrain of Jammu. The Pir Panjal range separates Jammu from the Kashmir Valley. Jammu region has eight geographical subregions Ravi-Tawi Kandi plains, Shiwaliks, Pir Panjal belt, Chenab Valley, Bhaderwah Valley, Gandoh Valley, Paddar Valley and Warwan-Marwah Valley. The climate of
1750-408: The population and Scheduled tribes comprise 15-20% of the population in Jammu Division. Five out of 10 districts, mainly in the hilly areas of the east and north, have Muslim majorities, while the densely populated plains of the southwest are predominantly Hindu. Gurjar - Bakarwals and Gaddi-Sippis , who practice transhumance , are also found here. The largest ethnic group in the Jammu Division are
1800-608: The predominant ones. According to the 1941 census, 30% of them were Brahmin, 27% Rajput, 15% Thakkar , 4% Jat , 8% Khatri and 8% Megh and Chamar are the most common. Other Backward Classes comprises 32% of population in Jammu. The districts of Rajouri , Poonch , Doda , Kishtwar and Ramban have a Muslim-majority population. The Reasi district has an almost equal number of Muslims (49.7%) and Hindus (48.9%). The Muslim ethnic groups are, Gujjar and Bakerwal in Poonch and Rajouri districts who are ethno-linguistically different from
1850-433: The principalities lying between Kashmir and Jammu. Thus the entire Jammu province came under the control of the three Jamwal brothers under the umbrella of the Sikh Empire. After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1839, the Sikh court fell into anarchy and palace intrigues took over. Gulab Singh's brothers Dhyan Singh and Suchet Singh, as well as his nephew Hira Singh, were murdered in the struggles. The relations between
1900-406: The region varies with altitude. In and around Jammu city, the climate is similar to the nearby Punjab region: hot summers, rainy monsoon, and mildly cold and foggy winters. While Jammu city itself does not experience any snowfall, the higher hills and mountains are snow-capped in winter. People from all over India come to Patnitop mountain resort to enjoy the winter snows. The shrine of Vaishno Devi
1950-556: The sky, which dot the city's skyline. Home to some of the most revered Hindu shrines, such as Vaishno Devi , Jammu is a major pilgrimage centre for Hindus. A majority of Jammu's population practices Hinduism , while Islam and Sikhism enjoy a strong cultural heritage in the region. The hilly regions to the south and southwest of the Kashmir Valley formed the Jammu Province of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir . During
2000-571: The society in the region including the BJP have been advocating the separation of Jammu region from Kashmir and its inclusion as a distinct entity into the Indian Union, citing largely Kashmir-centric policies in the existing state and neglect of the Jammu region by successive Kashmir dominated administrations. In November 2020, the organisation IkkJutt Jammu was launched as a party and demanded Jammu division be separated and given statehood. The then social organisation IkkJutt Jammu campaigned against
2050-582: The son of Mahan Singh. After the Sikh conquest of Jammu, Gulab Singh , a descendant of Dhruv Dev via his third son, went on to enrol in the Sikh troops. He soon distinguished himself in battles and was awarded a jagir near Jammu with an allowance to keep an independent force. After the conquest of Kishtwar (1821) and the subjugation of Rajouri , he was made a hereditary Raja of Jammu in 1822, personally anointed by Ranjit Singh. His brother Dhyan Singh received Poonch and Chibhal , and Suchet Singh Ramnagar . By 1827, Gulab Singh brought under his control all
Jammu division - Misplaced Pages Continue
2100-566: The state was incorporated into India via the Constitution of India , which also provided autonomy to the state under Article 370 . Jammu borders the Kashmir Valley to the north, Ladakh to the east, and Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the south. In the west, the Line of Control separates Jammu from Pakistani -administered Kashmir (known as Azad Kashmir in Pakistan). In between Kashmir Valley to
2150-524: The status of the state to Union territory, the Government announced setting up of Delimitation Commission with retired Supreme Court judge Ranjana Prakash Desai as its chairman. Jammu Chamber of Commerce & Industry is an apex body of traders, industrialists and those associated with commercial activities in the Jammu division. Jammu is known for its landscape, ancient temples, Hindu shrines, Mubarak Mandi Palace , Amar Mahal Palace (a castle type) now
2200-456: The suzerainty of Jammu and Kashmir. During the partition of India, the ruler was Maharaja Hari Singh . He, along with all the other princes, was given the choice of acceding to either India or Pakistan , taking into consideration the geographical contiguity and the wishes of the population. The Maharaja chose not to accede to either dominion before the appointed date, citing the mixed religious composition of his state. This technical independence
2250-588: The temple are plated with gold. The main sanctuary is dedicated to Lord Vishnu 's eighth incarnation and Dogras' patron deity, Rama . It also houses a Sanskrit Library containing rare Sanskrit manuscripts. Alongside the same Tawi river are the Peer Kho Cave temple, the Panchbakhtar temple and the Ranbireshwar temple dedicated to Lord Shiva with their own legends and specific days of worship. Peer Kho cave
2300-458: The temple was started by Maharaja Gulab Singh , founder of the State of Jammu and Kashmir , in 1835 CE and was completed by his son Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1860 CE. The inner walls of the main temple are covered with gold sheet on three sides. There are many galleries with hundreds of thousands of shaligrams . The surrounding Temples are dedicated to various Gods and Goddesses connected with
2350-569: The town wears a festive look and for three days as people celebrate the marriage of Lord Shiva to Goddess Parvati . The town of Katra , which is 48 km (30 mi) from Jammu, contains the Vaishno Devi shrine. Nestling on top of the Trikuta Hills at a height of 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) is the sacred cave shrine of Vaishno Devi, the mother goddess . The cave is 30 metres (98 ft) long and just 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) high. At
2400-418: The traditional and typical distinct lifestyle of Gujjar and Backarwals wearing ethnic costumes, living in open Kullhas in the hills around Mansar Lake. The Mansar Lake road joins to another important road that directly links Pathankot to Udhampur . Udhampur is a town of strategic importance, on National Highway No. 1A. The shortcut road from Mansar or Samba to Udhampur by-pass the Jammu town. Surinsar Lake,
2450-466: Was built shortly after the coronation of Maharaja Gulab Singh , in 1822. It is also known as the temple of Mahakali and the goddess is considered second only to Mata Vaishno Devi in terms of mystical power. Amongst the temples in Jammu, the Raghunath Temple takes pride of place being situated right in the heart of the city. This temple is situated at the city center and was built in 1857. Work on
2500-416: Was short-lived as the Maharaja faced a rebellion in the western districts and a Pakistan-inspired Pashtun tribal invasion . Unable to withstand the assaults, the Maharaja acceded to India on 26–27 October 1947. India airlifted troops to Kashmir to repel the raiders. However, major portions of the western districts of Muzaffarabad, Poonch, and Mirpur remained under the control of Pakistan . The remainder of
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