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55-605: Climate of Jaghori is generally arid continental, with cold and snowy winters, and hot summers with temperatures rising between 25 °C to 38 °C. During the period of Dost Muhammad Khan in the 1830s the area operated as part of the semi-autonomous area of Hazarajat . In 1949 Malestan District was separated from it. During the Soviet Occupation , Maoist resistance groups were particularly active. After Harakat lost in Qarabagh District, Ghazni in 1985 to Nasr,

110-408: A car bomb exploded outside the university. It killed 8 people and injured another 33. ISIL gunmen attacked the university on 2 November 2020, killing 35 and wounding 56. The attack occurred at around 11:00. Afghan security officials claimed they have arrested the person who instigated the attack. The three gunmen were killed by Afghan and American forces who came to the scene. Following

165-590: A lesser degree, French imperial interests, political maneuvering was necessary. Rejecting overtures from Russia , he endeavoured to form an alliance with Great Britain, and welcomed Alexander Burnes to Kabul in 1837. Burnes, however, was unable to prevail on the governor-general, Lord Auckland , to respond to the Emir's advances. Dost Mohammad was enjoined to abandon the attempt to recover Peshawar, and to place his foreign policy under British guidance. He replied by renewing his relations with Russia, and in 1838 Lord Auckland set

220-681: A population of more than 650,000 residents of mainly Hazara ethnic living there. According to information from the United Nations Food Program for Afghanistan in 2003 and the Ministry for Rural Rehabilitation and Development in 2007, the main crops in the area are wheat, corn, maize, peas, vetch , beans, almonds, walnuts, mulberries , grapes, tobacco, potatoes, onions, apples, apricots and herbs. 60 Community Development Committees were reportedly active in Malistan in 2008. In years following

275-642: A reaction against what people went through during the decades of factional, tribal, ethnic and religious conflicts. Currently there are 92 High Schools, and hundreds of smaller primary and middle schools in the district but there are no signs of other infrastructure such as roads, electricity, water or gas. The people produce electricity on their own by using diesel engines during the night (normally from 6 to 8 PM during winter or 7 to 9 PM during summer). Many people use Solar energy and those close to river use turbines to produce electricity. As of 2008 there were no reports of closures of schools due to security. Jaghori has

330-444: A span exceeded only by Zahir Shah more than a century later. A brilliant strategist, and ruthless fighter from a young age, Dost Mohammad was regarded as one of the greatest rulers in the history of Afghanistan , his myriad of campaigns had successfully forged the cities of Kabul , Kandahar , and Herat into one state, which all his predecessors under the exception of Ahmad Shah Durrani had failed to do so. Dost Mohammad Khan

385-669: A treaty was concluded by which the province of Herat was placed under a Barakzai prince. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , Dost Mohammad refrained from assisting the insurgents. His later years were disturbed by troubles at Herat and in Bukhara . In March 1862, Ahmad Khan , the ruler of Herat , captured Farah , which had been controlled by the Barakzai Emirs since 30 October 1856. This became Dost Mohammad Khan's cassus belli to launch an attack on Herat. On 29 June or 8 July, Farah

440-749: The Amir-i Kabir , was the founder of the Barakzai dynasty and one of the prominent rulers of Afghanistan during the First Anglo-Afghan War . With the decline of the Durrani dynasty , he became the Emir of Afghanistan in 1826. An ethnic Pashtun , he belonged to the Barakzai tribe. He was the 11th son of Payinda Khan, chief of the Barakzai Pashtuns, who was killed in 1799 by King Zaman Shah Durrani . At

495-459: The Battle of Attock against the invading Sikhs . Mahmud Shah repaid Fateh Khan's services by having him brutally assassinated in 1818, thus incurring the enmity of his tribe. After a bloody conflict, Mahmud Shah was deprived of all his possessions but Herat , the rest of his dominions being divided among Fateh Khan's brothers. Of these, Dost Mohammad received Ghazni , to which in 1826 he added Kabul ,

550-537: The Fall of Kabul (2021) , the university fell under Taliban control. The Taliban replaced Chancellor Mohammad Osman Babury , a longtime KU professor and expert on medicinal plants, with Mohammad Ashraf Ghairat, a Taliban fighter and former journalism student. Critics noted that Ghairat had no qualifications beyond running a small madrassah , and believes he was installed for his loyalty to the Taliban. At least 70 faculty members at

605-478: The Information Technology center of Kabul University (ITCK). Each building is connected to the campus network and is provided with the internet connection from a fiber optic backbone. The voice over IP (VoIP) technology was also part of the networking project. At the beginning of 2020, Chancellor Babury has introduced a new program for the change and development of Kabul University. On 19 July 2019,

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660-596: The Jalalabad campaign , and then marching on Kandahar, where Shah Shuja was defeated by Dost Mohammad Khan under the walls of Kandahar , but Ranjit Singh seized the opportunity to annex Peshawar which was ruled by the Peshawar Sardars under his deposed brother, Sultan Mohammad Khan . Dost Mohammad sent his son Akbar Khan to defeat the Sikhs at the Battle of Jamrud in 1837. At the intersection of British, Russian and, to

715-568: The Qizilbash group. Dost Mohammad Khan spoke Pashto , Persian , Punjabi and Turkish . He was also credited with knowledge of Kashmiri by Mohan Lal . His elder brother, the chief of the Barakzai, Fateh Khan , took an important part in installing Mahmud Shah Durrani as the sovereign of Afghanistan in 1800 and in restoring him to the throne in 1809. Dost Mohammad accompanied his elder brother and then Prime Minister of Kabul Wazir Fateh Khan to

770-533: The University of Arizona . Furthermore, the Information Technology Center was founded in 2002 with the cooperation of German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and Technische Universität Berlin . The number of students in higher education had increased across the country from 22,717 in 2002 to 56,451 in 2008. By 2008, Kabul University was attended by 9,660 students, 2,336 (24%) of them being women. It

825-457: The 1960s, foreign-educated scholars populated the campus. Notable students influenced during this era included Ahmad Shah Massoud , Gulbuddin Hekmatyar , Dr. Faiz Ahmad , and Saydal Sokhandan . Many different political groups were influenced by the university, such as Khalqists , Parchamites , Sholayees , and Ikhwanists . In a clash between Ikhwanis and Sholayees, a poet named Saydal Sokhandan

880-470: The 2007 attack which took place right at the midnight then over 200 Talibans attacked General Bashi Habibullah's home city of Hotqol Jaghori Zeba, killed his bodyguards, sons nephew, wife. General Bashi Habibullah managed and killed over 10 of those talibans until 3 o'clock morning, there was no help from the Afghan national government or from Ghazni province. On 7 November 2018 the Taliban launched an offensive in

935-573: The Afghans (although it never became a reality) and as a result, Mohammad sent 5,000 Afghans under Mohammad Akram Khan to aid the Sikhs in the war. When the Sikhs were defeated and the British retook Peshawar , it was feared in Kabul that the British would follow up their victory by invading Afghanistan . However, this never happened and Dost Mohammad therefore sent his son, Mohammad Akram Khan, to invade Balkh in

990-572: The British as the only way to ensure the survival of the state. With the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars eliminating any threat that the volatile Sikh Empire would have had on Afghanistan, Dost Mohammad Khan was now able to freely expand his kingdom with the help of the British, realizing that he and British had common Central Asian goals. In 1843, Dost Mohammad Khan subdued the Hazarajat ( Behsud , Dai Zangi , Dai Kundi ) and Bamian , which had seized

1045-490: The British troops in motion against him. To enable such an action, the British manufactured the evidence needed to justify the overthrow of the Afghan ruler. In 1835, Dost Mohammad Khan, the youngest and the most energetic of the Barakzai brothers, who had supplanted the Durrani dynasty and become Emir (lord, chief or king) of Kabul in 1825, advanced up to Khaibar Pass threatening to recover Peshawar. In 1836, Hari Singh Nalwa ,

1100-774: The Jaghori District. Heavy fighting was reported around the village of Hotqol over 800 talibans attacked General Bashi Habibullah Khan Jaghori's security posts bordering Hotqul and Rasna Gilan. General Habibullah lost his life along with his three sons. The fighting continued for over two weeks and over seventy people lost their lives. Taliban humiliatingly retreated from Hotqol. More than 200 Taliban members were killed and more than 150 others were wounded. According to some reports more than 3000 Taliban militias were deployed in south of Jaghori. Most of these militias were recruited in regions along Pak-Afghan border. People of Jaghori resisted and repelled Taliban offence without any assistance from

1155-551: The Mir Wali was forced to flee. On 30 March 1855, Dost Mohammad reversed his former policy by concluding an offensive and defensive alliance with the British government, signed by Sir Henry Lawrence , Chief Commissioner of the Punjab, first proposed by Herbert Edwardes . In November 1855, he conquered Kandahar . In 1857, he declared war on Persia in conjunction with the British, and in July,

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1210-521: The Nasr faction were particularly highlighted in this, and they have been accused of abductions, extortion and other crimes. Taliban presence in Ghazni has become a significant problem as well with some sources referring to the area as Taliban controlled. Aside from this the major sources of conflict are related to land and water, while debt and marriage related conflict does occur Land conflicts increased greatly during

1265-553: The Sikh general who along with Prince Nau Nihal Singh was guarding that frontier, built a chain of forts, including one at Jamrud at the eastern end of the Khyber Pass to defend the pass. Dost Muhammad erected a fort at `Ali Masjid at the other end. In the beginning of 1837, as Prince Nau Nihal Singh returned to Lahore to get married and the Maharaja and his court got busy with preparations for

1320-473: The Spring of 1849. The invasion of Balkh was successful and the province was annexed into Afghanistan. When Afzal Khan would take materials from the dilapidated city of Balkh and use it to construct a cantonment known as Takhtapul nearby, so that by 1854 Takhtapul was a fully grown city complete with gardens and courts. In 1850 Mohammad Akram Khan's half brother, Ghulam Haidar Khan, conquered Tashqurghan and

1375-692: The Tripartite Treaty with British viceroy Lord Auckland, restored Shah Shuja to the Afghan throne in Kabul on 7 August 1839. Dost Muhammad Khan was exiled by the British to Mussoorie in November 1840, but was restored to his former position after the murder of Shah Shuja in April 1842. He thereafter maintained cordial relations with the Lahore Darbar. These events led to the First Anglo-Afghan War . After

1430-512: The beginning of his rule, the Afghans lost their former stronghold of Peshawar Valley in March 1823 to the Sikh Khalsa Army of Ranjit Singh at the Battle of Nowshera . The Afghan forces in the battle were led by Azim Khan , half-brother of Dost Mohammad Khan. By the end of his reign, he had reunited the principalities of Kandahar and Herat with Kabul. Dost had ruled for a lengthy 36 years,

1485-415: The closure of the music department, few changes to the curriculum were reported. In December 2022, Kabul University banned women from attending. The National Centre for Policy Research was established at Kabul University by the Ministry of Higher Education and Konrad Adenauer Foundation in 2003, and includes faculty in the departments of Law and Politics, Economics, and Social Science. In 1992,

1540-518: The dean of the Faculty of Medicine after the previous Turkish dean, Zuhtu Bey, left Kabul for Ankara in 1952. The first nine graduates of the Faculty of Medicine played significant roles in Afghanistan's university community reforms; two of them were Muhammad Yusuf (the prime minister) and Fattah Najeem. Initially, the university accepted only male students, but in 1950, it was opened to women as well. In

1595-596: The district, but with General Bashi Habibullah presence in the Area the taliban has only managed to use snipers to get any info regarding the General. The security situation in other parts of the province has greatly affected the livelihood of the inhabitants, posing serious threats to their life, security and freedom. The districts are inaccessible except through Taliban territory, where the road has been reportedly mine and in some areas vehicles have been banned. According to some reports

1650-521: The elders of Jaghori avoided a Taliban attack by convening a shura in and negotiating with Taliban leaders in Kandahar , Kabul and Ghazni in order to arrange a peaceful surrender. From 2002 to 2008 approximately 12,348 refugees repatriated through the UNHCR system, although only 181 were listed as returning in 2008 and the vast majority of repatriation occurred in 2002–04. In 2012, A Bactrian inscription

1705-524: The end of the First Anglo-Afghan War in 1842, Dost Mohammad Khan was now in a position to expand his state dramatically. This was in part due to the improving relationship between Dost Mohammad Khan and the British . During his exile in Calcutta , he was treated warmly. He took note of the technological superiority of the British and was convinced that constant wars with them would damage Afghanistan. Instead, Dost Mohammad would advocate for an alliance with

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1760-829: The fall of the Taliban the area has been particularly affected by drought. In combination with frequent attacks along the Kabul-Kandahar Ring Road , this has seriously affected aid and development in the system and exacerbated local conflicts. from 2010 to 2018 Mr.Zafar Sharif the Governor of Jaghori District worked extremely hard toward education and health for the people of Jaghori District. Past and present major political parties include Muttahed-e-Inqelab-e-Islami Afghanistan (formed 1981), Hizbullah , Nahzat-e-Islami , Sazman-e-Nasr-e-Afghanistan , Pasdaran-e-Jihad-e Islami Afghanistan (formed 1983) and Hezb-e-Wahdat (Nasr faction),

1815-401: The garrison commander of Jamrud, kept the invaders at bay for four days and managed meanwhile to send a desperate appeal for help to Hari Singh Nalva at Peshawar. Nalva rose from his sick bed and rushed to Jamrud. The final battle was fought on 30 April 1837, the Afghans withdrew from battle after Hari Singh Nalva was killed. In 1838, with the help and agreement of the Sikh monarch who joined

1870-465: The government. The Talibans took all valuable stuffs then bombed General Bashi Habibullah Khan's home. Jaghori has one of the highest literacy rate among other provinces in Afghanistan. Jaghori has in the past decades produced the largest number of students to qualify for a place in the Kabul University and other universities in Afghanistan. The new trend towards learning and education has come as

1925-480: The governments of Afghanistan and the Turkish Republic served at Kabul University between 1932 and 1952. The first president (rector) of Kabul University and dean of the Faculty of Medicine was a Turkish surgeon and anatomist, Urga, who taught medicine and surgery for a period of 17 years with 15 other Turkish physicians. Later on, some additional teaching staff, including French professor Pierre Bolange, attended as

1980-611: The later controlling the district since 2001–2008, although as of 2009 the Taliban have begun to exert their influence. Specifically Khalili's faction is known to be particularly strong. The Taliban militants successfully captured the district on August 15th, as part of their May offensive . And, as of now, the Taliban control the district and have declared " the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan ". Dost Muhammad Khan Dost Mohammad Khan Barakzai ( Pashto / Persian : دوست محمد خان ; December 23, 1792 – June 8, 1863), nicknamed

2035-504: The period of drought. In 2007 the general upsurge in violence in Afghanistan has spilled into Jaghori Zeba. Taliban militiamen from neighbouring districts have staged two attacks against district police posts and an attack on the family of the local police commander and warlord General Bashi Habibullah . On the night of 1 June 2007 over 300 Talibans attacked Jaghori district,s General Bashi Bashi Habibullah,s home, and killed Bashi Habibullah's son, nephew, wife and his personal bodyguard. There

2090-470: The political organizations united to force out Hizb-e Islami from the districts of Jaghori and Malistan . However, there were only sporadic clashes here and the central government lacked interest in Jaghori. Around 1997, as the Taliban began to take control of Hazaristan the area was put under food blockade, leaving approximately 1 million Hazaras on the brink of starvation, including those in Malistan. In 1997

2145-553: The power vacuum during the British invasion to become independent. In 1846, a rebellion by the Kohistani Tajiks of Tagab was suppressed and Dost Mohammad was able to consolidate his position on that traditionally rebellious area. In July 1848, he intended to send a force to conquer Balkh but the Second Anglo-Sikh War prevented this and occupied Dost Mohammad for another year. The Sikhs proposed to cede Peshawar to

2200-568: The richest of the Afghan provinces. At the time of his enthronement, his government revenue was about 500,000 rupees, and by the 1830s it had increased to 2.5 million rupees. From the commencement of his reign he found himself involved in disputes with Ranjit Singh , the Sikh ruler of the Punjab region , who used the dethroned Sadozai prince, Shah Shujah Durrani , as his instrument. In 1834, Shah Shujah made an attempt to recover his kingdom. Dost Mohammad Khan mobilized for this, beginning initially with

2255-535: The road from Qarabagh District to Jaghouri, passing through Malestan is under particular threat, with kidnappings and up to 150 cars having been stolen. There are also concerns that the Taliban will use the Kuchi nomads to exert their influence in the region. General Bashi Habibullah has Army Check points between Rasna, Gilan connecting Jaghori Zeba, Gardo HotqoL. He also controls all near by borders including Ajeristan, qarabagh, Malistan and many more near by villages. During

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2310-495: The time of his death, the annual state revenue of his government had risen to 7 million rupees . Kabul University Kabul University ( KU ; دکابل پوهنتون/پوهنتون کابل ) is one of the major and oldest institutions of higher education in Afghanistan . It is in the 3rd District of the capital Kabul near the Ministry of Higher Education . It was founded in 1931 by King Mohammed Nadir Shah , whose prime minister at

2365-406: The time was his younger brother, Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan . Approximately 22,000 students attend Kabul University. In August 2021, before the Taliban takeover , nearly half were female. Since December 2022, Kabul University has been closed to women, like other public universities in Afghanistan, to comply with the Taliban's education ban on women. In March 2023, women protested outside of

2420-503: The university and Karte Char was a major battleground in the Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) . After the removal of the Taliban government in late 2001, the international community focused on rebuilding the educational institutions in Afghanistan. By January 2004 the campus had only 24 computers. As part of its recovery program, the university has established partnerships with four foreign universities, including Purdue University and

2475-415: The university resigned following Ghairat's installation, with the remainder demanding the Taliban rescind the installation. Ghairat had pledged to "rid Kabul University of Western and infidel thoughts" and to impose a policy of segregation, stating, "As long as real Islamic environment is not provided for all, women will not be allowed to come to universities or work. Islam first." In October 2021, Ghairat

2530-491: The university's entrance by reading their books. Kabul University was established in 1932 during the reign of King Mohammed Nadir Shah and during the government of Prime Minister Mohammad Hashim Khan , opening its doors one year later to students from across the country. It benefitted from partnerships with the governments of Turkey , France , Germany , and the United States . The first Faculty of Medicine in Kabul

2585-428: The wedding. Dost Muhammad Khan sent a 25,000 strong force, including a large number of local irregulars and equipped with 18 heavy guns, to invest Jamrud. The Sikh garrison there had only 600 men and a few light artillery pieces. The Afghans besieged the fort and cut off its water supply, while a detachment was sent to the neighbouring Sikh fort of Shabqadar to prevent any help from that direction. Mahan Singh Mirpuri ,

2640-600: Was born to an influential Pashtun family on 23 December 1792 in Kandahar , Durrani Empire . His father, Payinda Khan, was chief of the Barakzai Tribe and a civil servant in the Durrani dynasty . Their family can be traced back to Abdal (the first and founder of the Abdali tribe), through Hajji Jamal Khan, Yousef, Yaru, Mohammad, Omar Khan, Khisar Khan, Ismail, Nek, Daru, Saifal, and Barak. Abdal had four sons, Popal , Barak , and Alako . Dost Mohammad Khan's mother belonged to

2695-556: Was captured by the Muhammadzais. On 22 July, Sabzawar was captured. By 28 July, Herat was besieged. After a 10-month siege on 27 May 1863, he captured Herat, but on 9 June, he died suddenly in the midst of victory, after playing a great role in the history of South and Central Asia for forty years. He named his son, Sher Ali Khan , as his successor. He was buried in Herat at the Gazurgah . By

2750-472: Was discovered on a rock, dated to around 757 CE (140 AH), it commemorates the defeat of an "Indian prince" by a local prince named Frum Kesar, likely the grandson of a king whose reign ended in 745 CE. The ruling family's tamgha, or dynastic symbol, appears twice below the text. Head of Security General Bashi Habibullah reported intimidation has taken place by some armed groups associated with Hizb-i Wahdat which has led to some internal displacement. Members from

2805-672: Was established by a group of Turkish professors of Medicine and Surgery led by Kamil Rıfkı Urga in 1932 in the region of Aliabad . The first teaching-university hospital, the Aliabad Hospital, was also built here on the campus under the guidance and supervision of Turkish architects and teaching physicians. In 1936, the Faculty of Law & Political Sciences on the same campus was established by Turkish Mehmed Ali Dağpınar. The Faculty of Law started to enroll students of law. The first attending Turkish professors of medicine and surgery who had gone to Afghanistan under an official agreement between

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2860-498: Was killed by Hekmatyar in the 1970s. Saydal was fired upon and shot by Gulbuddin during an argument. During the governance of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) , Kabul University lost several lecturers and staff. The majority of the university's faculty left during the ten-year period of unrest or civil war that followed the fall of the PDPA government in 1992. The area around

2915-491: Was more than 300 Taliban that night targeted General's Home town of Hudqool.( Hotqol ) ( Hutqul ) General Bashi Habibullah attacked back the Taliban during that night and managed to have killed 10 of them. General Bashi Habib is the head of all security forces in Jaghori Zeba, brings security to the whole Jaghori Zeba city and also some parts of Ghazni provinces. The Taliban has also issued warning night-letters to villagers in

2970-485: Was replaced by Osama Aziz, who holds a doctorate in Islamic Jurisprudence (Sharia law). As of December 2021 classes were still suspended and research at the university had come to a standstill. Faizullah Jalal, a university worker and a critic of the Taliban, was arrested in 2022. Kabul University reopened on 26 February 2022, with female students attending in the morning and males in the afternoon. Other than

3025-596: Was reported in 2007 that Iran donated funds to the university's dentistry faculty and donated 25,000 books. The main library of Kabul University, which was built by the United States. It is equipped with computers, books and magazines. Nancy Dupree , wife of Louis Dupree , was the Director of the Afghanistan Center at the university. In 2008, the campus of Kabul University was provided with local network facilities by

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