62-502: JLN may refer to one of the following: JLN Corporation, owned by Janet Lim-Napoles Joplin Regional Airport , Missouri, US, IATA code Jacqui Lambie Network , a minor Australian political party Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title JLN . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
124-545: A Chinese Filipino couple: Johnny Co Lim (born Lim King Sing) and Magdalena "Nelly" Lim Luy. The family lived in Binondo , Manila until December 1970, when Johnny Co Lim died, and Luy returned with her children to her hometown of Maluso , Basilan. Napoles, who was six at the time, studied at the Maluso Central Elementary School, and completed her secondary education at a local Claretian school. The family ran
186-480: A P17.88-million tax evasion case against Jean Napoles. Jo Christine and James Christopher were charged with graft related to the pork barrel scam and the Malampaya fund scam. Janet Napoles, children Jo Christine, James Cristopher, and Jean Catherine, her brother Reynald Luy Lim, and his wife Ana Marie were indicted by a U.S. court for domestic and international money laundering. There are conflicting accounts as to
248-517: A Regional Trial Court or by original petition filed with the Sandiganbayan. After a case is raffled to a Division, the accused party must be arraigned within thirty days. A pre-trial conference is then held to reach an agreement and issue a pre-trial order. The case is then taken to trial. Following the Speedy Trial Act of 1998, no trial may exceed six months from its starting date. However,
310-435: A case, assigns the writing of its decision or resolution in the case . in the appealed decision of the lower court, or if they or their family members are personally related with the case, or for any other compelling reason. In case of inhibition (recusal) or disqualification, the case will remain with the same division, but the recused justice will be replaced. Cases may reach the Sandiganbayan either through an appeal from
372-552: A ferry which traversed between Mindanao and Visayas. They married in April 1982, when she was 18. In Manila, the couple lived in Fort Bonifacio , where the young Napoles ran a carinderia . Napoles's business interests date back to the early 1990s. In 1993, she solicited for investments in a shipyard in Cebu , promising 5% interest on all investments. It was later discovered that the money
434-632: A judge of a court of record or been engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines or has held office requiring admission to the bar as a pre-requisite for a like period. The Sandiganbayan originally had three divisions that assisted the Office of the Presiding Justice, according to the Article XIII of the 1973 Constitution . The number of divisions was raised to five divisions in 1995. In 2015, through
496-470: A monthly stipend of ₱150,000, and lived in one of Napoles' houses. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila has distanced itself from Napoles, saying that the projects she funded were part of Ramirez's personal apostolate and are not official projects of the archdiocese. Janet Lim-Napoles was admitted to the Ospital ng Makati on March 31, 2014, for treatment of a uterine cyst. On April 1, 2014, she underwent
558-540: A public officer to any party – private or government – in the form of unwarranted benefits or disadvantages. In the case of unexplained accrual of wealth, R.A. No. 1379 states that a petition may be filed against any public officer who has acquired property unlawfully, be it through graft or any form of corruption. This petition should come from the Solicitor General of the Republic of the Philippines as per complaint by
620-406: A series of tests, including electrocardiography (ECG), two-dimensional echocardiogram (2D-echo) and an X-ray . The following day, she underwent a blood test , and a week later underwent an endometrial biopsy examination despite her high blood sugar levels. Sandiganbayan The Sandiganbayan ( lit. ' Support of the nation ' ) is a special appellate collegial court in
682-479: A taxpayer. Any public officer who amasses a certain amount of ill-gotten wealth (at least fifty-million pesos) through means of criminal acts – be it by himself or in connivance with other, shall be subject to reclusion perpetua , a form of imprisonment for life . Any accomplice shall be sentenced with the same. Under the Government Procurement Reform Act, public officers who commits any of
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#1732848184794744-490: A vote of 10–3 in August. Ver was soon reinstated as chief of staff by Marcos on December 2. On February 2, 1987, a new constitution was ratified under President Corazon Aquino . The 1987 Constitution dictated the separation of powers and a system of checks and balances between the executive, legislature, and judiciary branches. The 1987 Constitution expanded the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan to include cases investigated by
806-457: A vote-buying scheme involving favored local officials. The Sandiganbayan 's fourth division, in a resolution promulgated on October 27, 2023 but made public the following month, granted the motions filed by Napoles, by a president of non-government organization Philippine Social Development Foundation Inc., as well as by four former officials of the Department of Agriculture – Caraga , to dismiss
868-597: Is a Filipina businesswoman who is believed to have masterminded the Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) Scam . She was convicted of plunder for her involvement in the PDAF Scam and is facing charges for alleged involvement in the misuse of the Malampaya fund for disaster response operations. Janet Luy Lim was born in Malabon , then a municipality of Rizal . She is the fourth of five children of
930-715: Is a member of the Roman Catholic Church and has close ties with a number of Catholic clergy. She maintained a home for priests in Makati which was run by Monsignor Josefino S. Ramirez, who previously served as rector of the Quiapo Church , where her mother funded the church's feeding programs for the poor. Ramirez reportedly brought the image of the Black Nazarene on a number of occasions to Napoles' house, where they would hear Mass, and has confirmed that he received from her
992-564: Is equal in rank to the Court of Appeals , and consists of fourteen Associate Justices and one Presiding Justice. The Office of the Ombudsman owns exclusive authority to bring cases to the Sandiganbayan. The Sandiganbayan is housed in the Centennial Building, Commonwealth Avenue , National Government Center , Diliman , Quezon City , Metro Manila . The Sandiganbayan was established under
1054-416: Is exercised through the divisions of the Sandiganbayan. The rendition of judgment or final order is based on the unanimous vote of the three Justices in the deciding division. When the Sandiganbayan sits en banc to resolve motions and other incidents , at least eight justices must vote in order to adopt a resolution. In a joint trial involving multiple cases, a joint or separate judgment may be rendered by
1116-467: Is overseen by the Office of the Ombudsman. The Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act is a law that stipulates that the Philippine Government shall repress certain acts of both public officers and the natural persons that may constitute graft or corruption. Acts that are subject under these laws include graft, divulging otherwise private information, negligence in warranted requests, undue injury by
1178-576: The Official Gazette or the official website of the Sandiganbayan . In general, a party sentenced to any penalty lower than death , life imprisonment, or reclusion perpetua may appeal by filing a motion for reconsideration or a motion for new trial within fifteen days of promulgation of judgment. If a new trial is granted, the previous judgment will be overruled and the new judgment rendered. New trials must also not exceed six months in duration, albeit allowing for certain delays as specified in
1240-578: The Armed Forces of the Philippines of ₱3.8 million worth of substandard Kevlar helmets , and were charged with graft and malversation of public funds by the Sandiganbayan (people's special tribunal). While her husband was dropped from the list of defendants in 2002, Janet Napoles stood trial, and was acquitted on October 28, 2010, for lack of evidence. In 2013, it was revealed that Janet Napoles's JLN Corporation had paid significantly less taxes than
1302-525: The Fertilizer Fund scam . The group was indicted for graft and malversation of public funds over PHP5 million worth of projects, including the anomalous purchase of fertilizers in 2004 in Surigao del Norte . Jo Chris Trading, a firm owned by Napoles, was tagged as the distributor of allegedly overpriced and diluted liquid fertilizers. Fertilizer funds totaling ₱728 million were allegedly diverted in
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#17328481847941364-635: The Office of the Solicitor General . The case is being handled by the Special First Division of the Sandiganbayan. The case against Imelda Marcos has been ongoing for over 26 years due to multiple causes of delay in court proceedings. In 2017, Marcos was absent from what was scheduled to be her last day of trial for the graft case. In the same year, the trial was reset by the Fifth Division due to
1426-472: The Philippines that has jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices and other offenses committed by public officers and employees, including those in government-owned and controlled corporations . The special court was established by Presidential Decree No. 1486. It was subsequently modified by Presidential Decree No. 1606 and by Republic Acts 7975, 8249 and 10660. It
1488-662: The Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) involving only on ill-gotten wealth, dictated by Executive Orders No. 14 and No. 14-A (main SB site & EO 14). In April 1994, Imelda Marcos and three former officials of the Ministry of Human Settlements (MHS) were indicted for the misappropriation of Php 97.9 million in MHS funds in 1985. At the same time, however, the Sandiganbayan dismissed charges against Imelda Marcos in connection with
1550-813: The groundbreaking for the 13-storey Sandiganbayan Building II. The green building will rise on a 2,588- square meter property adjacent to the Sandiganbayan Centennial Building. Designed by the University of the Philippines College of Engineering , the Building Research Services with the National Engineering Center is responsible for the preparation of the Detailed Architectural and Engineering Design. When
1612-523: The Agrava Commission, which was appointed to investigate the assassination. On June 13, 1985, the Sandiganbayan, with the aid of the commission, threw out the case against General Fabian Ver , the chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines , together with seven other military men. The Sandiganbayan voted for the exclusion of their testimonies in that they were self-incriminatory and inadmissible as evidence. The Supreme Court upheld this decision by
1674-562: The Luys' sari-sari store , and delivered drinks to workers at the local port. However, some residents of Maluso have claimed that the Luys were a rich family, owning a fish drying business and plots of land. As the security situation in Basilan began to deteriorate, and the family received threats of extortion, the Lim family moved back to Manila. Napoles reportedly met her husband, Jaime G. Napoles, on board
1736-717: The OFW Family Club party list , and was the group's third nominee to the House of Representatives until she withdrew her nomination on August 8, 2013. Jean Napoles has been criticized for her ostentatious lifestyle, including owning a $ 2 million unit at the Ritz-Carlton in Los Angeles while she studied fashion design at the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising . The Philippines Department of Justice (DOJ) has filed
1798-474: The Ombudsman before the Sandiganbayan. Estrada was accused of plundering ₱183 million from the Priority Development Assistance Fund . In December 2014, all three justices of the Sandiganbayan Fifth Division (Associate Justices Roland Jurado, Alexander Gesmundo and Ma. Theresa Gómez-Estoesta) assigned to the case against Estrada recused themselves from the case for "personal reasons". This marked
1860-494: The PDAF of former South Cotabato Rep. Arthur Pingoy Jr. In January 2024, Napoles was convicted 7 counts of corruption of public officials and was sentenced to up to 62 years in prison. She was also ordered to pay a fine of PHP262 million, with regards to PDAF funds of Senator Jinggoy Estrada . Estrada was convicted on one count of committing direct bribery and two counts of indirect bribery. But both Napoles and Estrada were acquitted of
1922-622: The Philippines. The Sandiganbayan began operations on February 12, 1979. Amendments were introduced in Republic Acts No. 7975 and No. 8249, after the EDSA Revolution in 1986 , which limited the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan to "cases involving public officials occupying positions classified as salary grade 27 and higher." The Sandiganbayan currently sits in seven divisions of three justices each, as per R.A. No. 10660, amending P.D. No. 1606. In October 2024, CJ Alexander Gesmundo led
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1984-644: The Presiding Justice and all Associate Justices shall be appointed by the president, as amended by Republic Act 8249. Appointment of the Court Officials and other employees, however, is not dependent on the president. According to Rule II, Section 7 of the Revised Internal Rules of the Sandiganbayan, "The Supreme Court shall appoint the Clerk of Court , the Division Clerks of Court and all other personnel of
2046-506: The Presiding Justice. Cases are heard either en banc or more commonly, by divisions. Cases are distributed among the divisions through a raffle system. The assignment of a case to a division is permanent, regardless of changes in constitution. Justices may inhibit (i.e., recuse) themselves from a case if they served as Ponente , the Member to whom the Court, after its deliberation on the merits of
2108-982: The Republic Act 10660, under the Aquino Administration , the number of divisions was expanded to seven divisions. Currently, the Sandiganbayan has Office of the Presiding Justice, Office of the Clerk of Court, Legal Research and Technical Staff, seven divisions (Office of the Deputy Clerk of Court), and five other divisions namely Judicial Records Division, Administrative Division, Budget and Finance Division, Management Information System Division, Security and Sheriff Services Division. The functions and roles of these offices and divisions are: The Sandiganbayan holds regular sessions in its principal office in Metro Manila. Sessions may be held outside of Metro Manila when authorized by
2170-639: The SEC, it was revealed that Napoles owned at least 28 houses in a number of cities in Luzon, with her family members also holding property in the United States. She also maintains, according to the Department of Justice , around 415 accounts with seventeen banks. The Napoles family also maintains a fleet of 30 vehicles, which are all registered under the flagship company of the JLN Group of Companies, JLN Corporation. Napoles
2232-516: The Sandiganbayan and presented to the adverse party. In cases where the Sandiganbayan sentences the accused to death penalty, an automatic appeal follows where the Supreme Court will conduct a review of judgment before the final decision is rendered. In June 2014, plunder charges against former Philippine senator Jinggoy Estrada and several other members of Congress allegedly involved in the pork barrel scam run by Janet Lim-Napoles were filed by
2294-453: The Sandiganbayan anti-graft court on March 13, 2019. In 2021, the Sandiganbayan convicted Napoles on three counts of graft and three counts of malversation, along with Cagayan de Oro Rep. Constantino Jaraula and three others, in connection with the ₱10 billion pork barrel scam. Napoles was sentenced to 6 to 10 years imprisonment for each count of graft and 12 to 18 years for each count of malversation. Napoles stole government funds through
2356-420: The Sandiganbayan began operations in 1979, it was composed of only one division (with Hon. Manuel R. Pamaran as Presiding Justice and two Associate Justices) and a 15-membered skeleton crew . In 1981, a second division was launched. A third division was formed on August 4, 1982. In the wake of the assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr. in August 1983, Ferdinand Marcos submitted the case for an immediate trial to
2418-506: The Sandiganbayan upon recommendation of the Sandiganbayan en banc chosen from a list of qualified applicants prepared in accordance with the Civil Service Law, rules and regulations." Presidential Decree No. 1606 further states that "No person shall be appointed Presiding Justice or Associate Justice of the Sandiganbayan; unless he is natural-born citizen of the Philippines, at least 40 years of age and for at least ten years has been
2480-409: The Sandiganbayan. Marcos' critics, who included business leaders and church leaders, claimed that the Sandiganbayan had no experience in trying a murder and demanded an appointment of an imperial prosecutor and independent judicial body instead. In 1984, the 26 people accused in the assassination of Aquino were acquitted by the Sandiganbayan in a 90-page verdict. The verdict disregarded all findings of
2542-404: The Speedy Trial Act. For civil cases, the accused party may file for a petition for a writ of certiorari with the Supreme Court. If the party files an appeal to the Supreme Court, any motion of reconsideration filed to the Sandiganbayan will be deemed abandoned. If the accused party wishes to appeal from a sentence of life imprisonment or reclusion perpetua , a notice of appeal is filed with
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2604-539: The accused belongs to a salary grade of 27 or higher, the Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction over: Private individuals can also be sued in cases before the Sandiganbayan if they are alleged to be in conspiracy with the public officer. The Sandiganbayan is vested with appellate jurisdiction over final judgments, resolutions or orders of the Regional Trial Court whether in the exercise of their original or appellate jurisdiction over crimes and civil cases falling within
2666-562: The acquittal of Janet Lim Napoles in the Luy detention case. This motion by the Solicitor General Jose Calida was backed by Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte , who said that he himself would move for the dismissal of the case citing selective prosecution under Aquino administration. The criminal actions must proceed against all responsible according to Duterte. Napoles and six others were indicted in 2018 for their involvement in
2728-447: The act also allows for certain delays that are excluded from the computed time of trial, including delays caused by other related proceedings involving the accused, absence of the accused or essential witness, and mental or physical incompetence of the accused to stand trial. Cases are deemed submitted for decision after the last brief, pleading, or memorandum is filed, or after the deadline for doing so has passed. All adjudicatory action
2790-518: The administration of President Ferdinand E. Marcos on June 11, 1978, by Presidential Decree No. 1486 in the 1973 Constitution . The court was equal in rank to the Regional Trial Courts (then known as the Courts of First Instance). On December 10, 1978, Presidential Decree No. 1606 elevated the ranking of the Sandiganbayan to match that of the Court of Appeals , the second-highest judicial court in
2852-422: The average local public school teacher. Records show that from 2009 to 2011, the company paid between ₱9,036 and ₱25,164 in annual taxes, whereas a public school teacher at that time would have paid around ₱35,952 per year. Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) was a program initially implemented in 1990, designed to allow legislators to fund small-scale infrastructure or community projects which fell outside
2914-574: The charges against them, citing inordinate delay in the investigation by the Ombudsman , which took more than six years since the complaint was filed in 2017. Napoles is facing charges for her alleged involvement in the Malampaya fund scam. The case involves the misuse of ₱900 million sourced from the fund for disaster response operations in the aftermath of Tropical Storm Ondoy (Ketsana) and Typhoon Pepeng (Parma) in 2009. Janet Napoles's husband
2976-465: The charges of plunder. Napoles was accused of illegally detaining Benhur Luy, her cousin and former employee in 2014. Luy's three-month custody under Napoles ended in March 2014. Napoles alleged that Luy took a ₱5.5 million loan under her name without her authorization. She also alleged that Luy was supposed to deposit ₱300,000 to her account but did not do so, accusing Luy of theft. Luy insists that he
3038-429: The division. In cases involving multiple accused, the division may also render judgment for one or more of the accused by a unanimous vote. If a unanimous vote cannot be reached in any case, a special division of five will be formed to decide the case by majority vote. Promulgation is done by reading the judgment aloud with the accused present along with any Justice from the deciding division. Decisions are published in
3100-510: The first time in the court's history that an entire division withdrew from hearing a case. Though the justices refused to elaborate on their reasons for recusal, the withdrawal was said to have been due to "pressure" from the public to deny Estrada's petition for bail. In 1991, ten counts of graft were filed against former first lady Imelda Marcos before the Sandiganbayan. Marcos was accused of creating private Swiss foundations during her time as governor of Metro Manila, between 1978 and 1984. She
3162-500: The following who colludes with private individuals performs the following illegal acts in RA 9184 will suffer an imprisonment of not less than six years and one day, but not more than fifteen years. To determine whether the Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction, lawyers look into two criteria, namely: the nature of the offense and the salary grade of the public official. The Sandiganbayan shall have original exclusive jurisdiction over: Provided that
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#17328481847943224-423: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JLN&oldid=823301852 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Janet Lim-Napoles Janet Lim-Napoles (born Janet Luy Lim ; January 15, 1964)
3286-588: The net worth of the Napoles family. While Napoles has described her family as middle class, acquaintances in Basilan claim that her maternal family had old money , which she confirmed in an earlier interview as having inherited. Her extended family in Basilan, however, has denied her claims of such an inheritance. She has also claimed that most of her wealth was due to sound investments, mostly with coal trading in several countries but particularly in Indonesia . However,
3348-469: The original exclusive jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan but which were committed by public officers below Salary Grade 27. The Sandiganbayan has a total of fifteen departments (two head offices, twelve divisions, and one Legal Research and Technical Staff) and a total of 385 authorized positions. 335 of 385 of these positions are filled. According to the Presidential Decree No. 1606, Section 1,
3410-548: The profitability of Napoles' business ventures has been questioned: according to disclosures made with the Securities and Exchange Commission in 2011 and 2012, the corporations under the JLN Group of Companies reported a total net income of less than ₱1 million, and Merlina Suñas, one of the whistleblowers in the PDAF scam, has alleged that the Napoleses are not knowledgeable about the coal industry. In other disclosures made to
3472-600: The sale of $ 125.9 million in Central Bank Treasury notes in the 1980s. Under the 1987 Philippine Constitution and the Ombudsman Act of 1989 , the Office of the Ombudsman independently monitors all three branches of the government for political corruption. Laws on graft and corruption have been in effect as early as the 1950s, before the creation of the Sandiganbayan. Graft and corruption laws govern both public officers and natural persons. The collection of these laws
3534-428: The scope of the national infrastructure program. It was later ruled as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Napoles has been linked with an alleged misuse of PDAF, together with Philippine Senators Bong Revilla , Jinggoy Estrada , Juan Ponce Enrile , and other congressmen. She was convicted of plunder on December 7, 2018, for her involvement in the PDAF scam, with the conviction being upheld by
3596-557: The state-owned Technology and Livelihood Resource Center and the nongovernmental organization Countrywide Agri and Rural Economic Development Foundation. In October 2023, Napoles was convicted by the Sandiganbayan of 9 counts of corruption of a public official while former APEC party-list Rep. Edgar Valdez was convicted of 9 counts of direct bribery. Also in October 2023, the Sandiganbayan convicted Napoles of 4 counts of graft and 4 counts of malversation of public funds, in connection with
3658-639: Was a major in the Philippine Marine Corps who participated in the God Save the Queen coup attempt against President Corazón Aquino . Originally a reservist, he later applied for active duty status, and eventually retired from the Marines on December 31, 2004. Together, they have four children, Jo Christine, James Christopher, Christian, and Jean. Jo Christine Napoles is the president of the Metro Manila chapter of
3720-440: Was also accused of violating the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act by holding financial interests in multiple private enterprises. The government has since uncovered Marcos Swiss deposits amounting to $ 658 million. Another corruption case against Marcos involving "unlawfully acquired" art collections amounting to $ 24 million has been brought to the Sandiganbayan by appeals from the Presidential Commission on Good Government and
3782-448: Was detained by Napoles due to fears that Luy will expose Napoles's alleged significant role in the PDAF scam. Lim was later found guilty beyond reasonable doubt and was sentenced to reclusión perpetua on April 14, 2015. Napoles and her lawyers have indicated that they will appeal the decision to the Court of Appeals . The Office of the Solicitor General with the court of appeals filed a "manifestation in lieu of rejoinder" recommending
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#17328481847943844-413: Was not invested in the shipyard: according to Col. Ariel Querubin , who was a friend of the Napoles family, the money they had invested in the shipyard was reportedly invested elsewhere, with Napoles pocketing the interest. While the investment was eventually recovered, Querubin claims the investment led to the death of his first wife. In 2001, Napoles and her husband were implicated in the acquisition by
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