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52-713: The organisation has its registered office at 11 Parnell Square, the headquarters of the Irish Heritage Trust . Following meetings hosted by the chairperson of the then Crafts Council of Ireland , Terry Kelly, the Irish Landmark Trust was established in the Republic of Ireland in 1992. It was established in Northern Ireland in 1996. Early funding of the charity included input from Chuck Feeney 's Atlantic Philanthropies foundation. After three years in operation,

104-622: A government grant of 5 million euro, and the majority of its funds come from state and semi-state sources but the organisation, a registered charity, raises funds from other sources also. Provision was made for property donations to the IHT to be tax-efficient but this measure did not support operations at the level expected. The IHT offers a membership scheme, which entitles members to free access to its three public-access properties. The trust took over its first property, Fota House and Gardens, just outside Cork city, in 2007. The house had been managed for

156-410: A jingle by Jonathan Swift who wrote: " Now's here's a proof of Irish sense, Here Irish wit is seen, When nothing's left that's worth defence, We build a Magazine ." There are 351 identified plant species in the park; three of these are rare and protected. The park has retained almost all of its old grasslands and woodlands and also has rare examples of wetlands. Deer were introduced into

208-537: A lack of expected private donations. By its fifth anniversary, in 2011, the IHT, with just five full-time staff, was the subject of a review by its sponsoring government department, which commented "apart from the donation of the Wood collection “no significant private funding has emerged to support the work of the Trust over its first five years”." The trust rationalised staffing at the one property, and cut opening times, although it

260-534: A number of towers, gate lodges, thatched cottages, castles, lighthouses and at least one schoolhouse. The Trust's Temple Bar Georgian townhouse was withdrawn from letting in 2017, pending remedial works. Towers and castles managed by the organisation include Helen's Tower in County Down, and Clomantagh Castle in County Kilkenny, the oldest property held as of 2018. Lighthouses and lighthouse cottages renovated by

312-575: A temporary stop to work on new buildings, funding from which had been 70% grant-based, to focus remaining funds on maintenance of existing rental stock. Overall grant income in the Republic of Ireland in 2017 was under 300,000 euro, alongside over 500,000 euro in donations, while grant income in Northern Ireland was negligible, but over 200,000 pounds came in from fundraising. As of 2018, the trust's 32 properties, of which 31 are available to rent, include

364-545: Is 35 metres (115 ft) high and was built with steel girders. It was installed with some difficulty: after several attempts, the cross was eventually erected just a fortnight before the Pope arrived. When John Paul died in 2005, devotees gathered at the Papal Cross, praying and leaving flowers and other tokens of remembrance. Pope Francis celebrated mass here on the final day of his 2018 visit to Ireland . The Wellington Monument

416-551: Is a 62 metres (203 ft) tall obelisk commemorating the victories of the Duke of Wellington . It is the largest obelisk in Europe and would have been even higher if the publicly subscribed funding had not run out. Designed by Robert Smirke , there are four bronze plaques cast from cannon captured at the Battle of Waterloo —three of which have pictorial representations of Wellington's career while

468-935: Is the Phoenix Park, which is on the Northside but forms part of even-numbered districts, the majority of which is in Dublin 8, and also includes an area bordering Chapelizod in the South-West that falls under the Dublin 20 postcode between the Chapelizod and Knockmaroon Gate Lodges (encompassing the St Mary's Campus). The park has its own piece of legislation the Phoenix Park Act, 1925 which includes giving powers to park rangers to remove and arrest of offenders who disobey its bye-laws, which include "No person shall act contrary to public morality in

520-543: Is the oldest cricket club in Ireland. Founded in 1830 by John Parnell, the father of Charles Stewart Parnell , the club is located in the park. In April 2017 the Hearsum Collection , in collaboration with The Royal Parks of London and Ireland's Office of Public Works , mounted an exhibition at Dublin's Phoenix Park entitled Parks, Our Shared Heritage: The Phoenix Park, Dublin & The Royal Parks, London , demonstrating

572-634: The British Royal Air Force , died in an accident at the park whilst taking part in a mock aerial combat for Irish Aviation Day. During the Emergency thousands of tons of turf were transported from the bogs to Dublin and stored in high mounds along the main road of the park. In October 2023 the park got its first ever shuttle bus service with the launch of Route 99, connecting the Park's visitor center at Ashford Castle with Parkgate Street just outside

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624-545: The Duke of Ormond , established a royal hunting park on 2,000 acres (810 ha) of the land in 1662. It contained pheasants and wild deer, making it necessary to enclose the entire area with a wall. The cost of building the park had amounted to £31,000 by 1669. The park originally included the demesne of Kilmainham Priory south of the River Liffey. When the building of the Royal Hospital at Kilmainham commenced in 1680 for

676-557: The Heritage Council , and had for many years both a basic "stipend" from the council, and access to "Building at Risk" funds. It also received some local council conservation grants. Remaining funding came from a combination of the rental income of the portfolio of properties and private fundraising (a number of major Irish businesses are credited as donors). The charity also operates a "membership" scheme for what it terms "Landmarkers." The scheme, which does not involve membership of

728-500: The Irish Architectural Archive ) was the first chairperson of the organisation, and was the president of the trust as of 2017. The chairperson, as of early 2023, was Michael O'Boyle. It has a staff of approximately 5 administrative and 25 property management personnel, reporting to a CEO. As of 2023, this was Niamh Lunny. Aside from the early Atlantic Philanthropies funds, the trust established an early relationship with

780-517: The Office of Public Works commented, "... the erection, without the necessity of resorting to normal planning procedures, of two major developments in St. Mary's Hospital illustrates the vulnerability of the Phoenix Park to internal development, which impacts significantly on the essential character of the park and its unique value as a historic designed landscape." In a section entitled Pressures and Threats on

832-768: The Phoenix Park Murders . The Chief Secretary for Ireland (the British Cabinet minister with responsibility for Irish affairs), Lord Frederick Cavendish and the Under-Secretary for Ireland (chief civil servant), Thomas Henry Burke , were stabbed to death with surgical knives while walking from Dublin Castle . A small insurgent group called the Irish National Invincibles were responsible. On 5 August 1933, Oscar Heron , Irish World War I flying ace of

884-533: The 17th century has been home to a herd of wild fallow deer . The Irish Government is lobbying UNESCO to have the park designated as a World Heritage Site . The park's name is derived from the Irish fhionnuisce , meaning clear or still water. After the Normans conquered Dublin and its hinterland in the 12th century, Hugh Tyrrel , 1st Baron of Castleknock , granted a large area of land, including what now comprises

936-519: The IHT board. Phoenix Park The Phoenix Park ( Irish : Páirc an Fhionnuisce ) is a large urban park in Dublin , Ireland, lying 2–4 kilometres (1.2–2.5 mi) west of the city centre, north of the River Liffey . Its 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) perimeter wall encloses 707 hectares (1,750 acres) of recreational space. It includes large areas of grassland and tree-lined avenues, and since

988-476: The Irish Landmark Trust with a long term lease on the property – which later reverts to the owner; the lease may be for an owner's lifetime, or, typically, fifty years. The organisation is overseen by non-executive trustees, as of 2020, 14 including the organisation's chairperson. As a not-for-profit operation, it maintains charitable status for its companies in both jurisdictions on the island of Ireland. Historian Nicholas Robinson (previously associated with

1040-689: The Machine , Swedish House Mafia , Snoop Dogg , Tinie Tempah , Calvin Harris , the Stone Roses and Ed Sheeran . Ubi Dwyer organised one-day free events between 1977 and 1980. As International Times reported "The Hollow in the Phoenix Park spun and danced to the rhythms of the World Peace Band, Free Booze, the Mod Quad Band, Frazzle, Speed, Stryder, Axis, Tudd, Skates to name but a few. The whole thing

1092-603: The Magazine Fort, the farm buildings below St. Mary's Hospital and Mountjoy House in the Ordnance Survey Complex." On 18 July 2022, a weather station in the park set a new record high temperature for July in Ireland of 33.0 °C. Motor racing first took place in the park in 1903 when the Irish Gordon Bennett Race Speed Trials were held on the main straight for both cars and motorcycles. This

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1144-414: The Park , subsection Planning Issues , the document expressed concern that, "Without appropriate planning designation, there is a risk that development can take place which is not in line with the co-ordinated vision of this Plan." The document warned of similar risks to the integrity of the park such as "uncoordinated building and construction...and the current condition of certain historic buildings such as

1196-452: The Phoenix Park being a designated and protected national monument. A statement from the Department of Health and Children said the decision was made because of what it called the department's "emergency response to the accident and emergency crisis at the time", although the nursing units, in use since 2008, are mainly for geriatric care. In a 2009 conservative management plan for the park,

1248-645: The Phoenix Park, to the Knights Hospitaller . They established an abbey at Kilmainham on the site now occupied by Royal Hospital Kilmainham . The knights lost their lands in 1537 following the Dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry VIII of England . Eighty years later the lands reverted to the ownership of the King's representatives in Ireland. On the restoration of Charles II of England , his Viceroy in Dublin,

1300-497: The Promenade Grounds. They display Victorian horticulture, including ornamental lakes, children's playground, picnic area and bedding schemes. A statue is in the gardens dedicated to executed Easter Rising leader Seán Heuston . There is a plaque in honour of the Irish sculptor Jerome Connor on Infirmary Road, overlooking the gardens which he frequently visited. The opening hours are 8.00 am until dusk. Closing times vary during

1352-468: The charitable companies, primarily comprises three levels of regular donation and direct benefits include advance notice of special offers, and member-only viewing and educational events. Furniture and other items of use in restoration are also donated. In 2014, the charity reported that the "core" funding from the Heritage Council was reduced by 30%, and the other grants had largely ceased, leading to

1404-430: The charity opened its first property, Wicklow Head Lighthouse , which it had acquired as a hollow shell. In June 2017, the organisation celebrated its 25th anniversary at Castletown House . The organisation's main stated aim is to "conserve and sustain iconic buildings", primarily "architecturally significant small buildings". It characterises itself as an educational trust, making the historic buildings accessible to

1456-456: The famous Ferrari World Champion racing driver Mike Hawthorn . After the Grand Prix events, motor racing continued at the park through the 1980s and 1990s and up to 2012, with many events broadcast live on RTÉ . It featured many drivers including Eddie Jordan , Eddie Irvine and Tommy Byrne . The Great Ireland Run , a 10 km running competition, has been held annually each April in

1508-484: The following terms: "About the centre of the park is a fluted column thirty feet high, with a phoenix on the capital, which was erected by the Earl of Chesterfield during his viceregality." (1747) There is also a monument to commemorate Lord Cavendish and Thomas Henry Burke, who were killed in the park by the Irish National Invincibles . It is a 60 cm long cross, filled with a small amount of gravel and cut thinly into

1560-453: The fourth has an inscription at the base of the obelisk. A second notable monument is the "Phoenix Column" (shown in the header photograph above), a Corinthian column carved from Portland Stone located centrally on Chesterfield Avenue, the main thoroughfare of the park, at the junction of Acres Road and the Phoenix, the main entrance to Áras an Uachtaráin. A contemporary account described it in

1612-701: The grass. The Deerfield Residence (previously the Chief Secretary's Lodge ), originally built in 1776 was the former residence of the Chief Secretary for Ireland and before that was the Park Bailiff's lodge. It has been the official residence of the United States Ambassador to Ireland since February 1927, and was until the early 1960s the Embassy of the United States in Dublin . The oldest building in

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1664-724: The historical links between Richmond Park (and other Royal Parks in London) and Phoenix Park. This exhibition was also displayed at the Mall Galleries in London in July and August 2017. The park is featured prominently in James Joyce 's novel Finnegans Wake and tangentially in Ulysses . In general, Dublin postal districts on the Northside are odd numbers, while Southside codes are even. One exception

1716-474: The launch of the IHT, the Irish Times editorial commended the volunteer members of the board of the trust but questioned its status, describing its launch as having "a whiff of a political 'con job'" and saying that "the remit of the fine-sounding Irish Heritage Trust is so limited that the institution does not deserve the title". It also commented that An Taisce had cause for complaint about its exclusion from

1768-536: The organisation include several at Galley Head Lighthouse in County Cork, Blackhead Lighthouse in County Antrim, and Wicklow Head Lighthouse. The taking on of new properties has been limited in the late 2010s, with the trust commenting in 2018 that it was having to turn down increasing numbers of offered properties due to funding limitations. As of April 2018 just one new project, at Elizabeth Fort in County Cork,

1820-415: The park in the 1660s; the current 400–450 fallow deer descend from the original herd. 30% of the park is covered by trees, mainly broadleaf . A birdwatch survey in 2007–2008 found 72 species of bird including common buzzard , Eurasian sparrowhawk , common kestrel and Eurasian jay . The great spotted woodpecker , Ireland's newest breeding bird has been seen in the park several times, but no sighting

1872-487: The park is Ashtown Castle , a restored medieval tower house dating from the 15th century. Restoration began in 1989 and it is located beside the visitor centre which houses interpretive displays on the 5,500 years of park and area history. The gardens, located close to the Parkgate Street entrance, comprise an area of nine hectares (22 acres), and were re-opened in 1864. These gardens were initially established in 1840 as

1924-465: The park since 2003. It includes races for professional runners and the public and the 2010 edition attracted over 11,000 participants. Athletes such as Sonia O'Sullivan and Catherina McKiernan are among the race's past winners. Music concerts have been performed in the park by such acts as Coldplay , Duran Duran , Robbie Williams , Red Hot Chili Peppers , Ian Brown , Justice , Kanye West , Arcade Fire , Tom Waits , Snow Patrol , Florence and

1976-458: The park, near Heuston Station . The park is split between three civil parishes: Castleknock to the northwest, Chapelizod to the south and St James' to the east. The last-named is mainly centred south of the River Liffey around St James' parish church . The residence of the president of Ireland , Áras an Uachtaráin , built in 1754, is located in the park. As the Viceregal Lodge, it

2028-486: The previous 14 years by a trust established by the city and county councils of Cork as well as University College Cork , and the arboretum and gardens were managed by the Office of Public Works ; the house was transferred by the end of 2007, while the surrounds were to come under IHT management after five years. The IHT also acquired an art collection from AIB . Further acquisitions were expected, but none occurred for around eight years, due to State funding limitations, and

2080-419: The public, and documenting and sharing original construction techniques and modern restoration approaches. It uses a panel of conservation architects and local tradespeople in restoration projects. Maintenance and restoration works are funded by income generated from holiday rentals , as well as from State and other funding sources. In return for supporting the cost of renovation works, property owners provide

2132-531: The purposes of education, research and recreation. Founded by the Irish state in 2006 as a national heritage property organisation, it was partly modelled on the National Trust in the U.K. While the foundation of the trust was driven by State authorities, and initiated by Minister for the Environment Dick Roche with Cabinet approval, it is independent in its operation. The trust was launched with

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2184-528: The same year, the trust announced it would partner with the ESB Group to create a museum at 12 Lower Fitzwilliam Street on the Georgian mile . As of 2024, the trust has three heritage properties regularly open to the public: In addition, its headquarters building is a heritage property, at number 11 Parnell Square , and it will be working to develop a museum in a Georgian house in Dublin's south inner city. On

2236-515: The third oldest zoo in the world - with animals from the London Society . Within a year the zoo housed 123 species. The Papal Cross at the edge of Fifteen Acres was erected as a backdrop for the outdoor mass celebrated there by Pope John Paul II on 29 September 1979, the first day of his pastoral visit to Ireland . The congregation numbered over one million, equal to Dublin's population. The white Latin cross , which dominates its surroundings,

2288-533: The use of veterans of the Royal Irish Army , the park was reduced to its present size, all of which is now north of the river. It was opened to the people of Dublin by the Earl of Chesterfield in 1745. In the nineteenth century, the expanse of the park had become neglected. With management being taken over by the Commissioners of Woods and Forests , the renowned English Landscape architect , Decimus Burton ,

2340-586: The year. The Magazine Fort in the southeast of the park marks the location where Phoenix Lodge was built by Sir Edward Fisher in 1611. In 1734 the house was demolished when the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset directed that a powder magazine be provided for Dublin. An additional wing was added to the fort in 1801 for troops. It was the scene of the Christmas Raid in 1939. The magazine fort has been satirically immortalised in

2392-581: Was being actively renovated, and it was completed later that year. At the same time, two projects, one in the Phoenix Park and one involving the Saunderscourt Gate Lodges in County Wexford, were in planning. Irish Heritage Trust The Irish Heritage Trust (IHT) is an architectural and cultural organisation which aims to preserve, maintain and understand notable Irish buildings for

2444-635: Was followed in 1929 by the Irish International Grand Prix; the first of three Irish motor racing Grand Prix. Racing took place from 1932 until the beginning of the Second World War in 1939 and was revived again in 1949 with a sprint on the Oldtown circuit followed the next year by a full racing meeting again and has been used virtually continuously until today. Over the years seven different circuits have been used, two of which are named after

2496-617: Was noted that since it took Fota over, visitor numbers had doubled. The trust added Strokestown House and Park , and the National Famine Museum there, to its collection in 2015, as well as assuming management, on behalf of Teagasc , of Johnstown Castle and the Agricultural Museum just outside Wexford town. In March 2023, it was announced that the trust would start on a €5.2m conservation-lead refurbishment and restoration of its headquarters at 11 Parnell Square . July of

2548-527: Was organised by gentle Ubi Dwyer who was formerly involved in the Windsor affair of rock and the rest in England. Certainly, the Irish version was pleasantly good-humoured even if the amplification was too much for squares. A few chappies near the bandstand almost whipped themselves to death with their long hair as they responded to the bio-rhythms of the scene." U2 played at the 1978 festival. Phoenix Cricket Club

2600-479: Was recorded in 2015, and the long-eared owl has been confirmed as a breeding species in 2012. The park also holds several brooks, and tributaries of the River Liffey . In July and August 2006, the Minister for Health and Children , Mary Harney , issued three orders exempting two new community nursing units, to be built at St. Mary's Hospital in the park, from the usual legally required planning permission, despite

2652-501: Was retained to design an overall plan for the public areas of the park. The execution of the plan, which included new paths, gate-lodges (including the architecturally significant Chapelizod gate lodge ), levelling and tree planting, and relocating the Phoenix Column, took almost 20 years to complete. According to the park's official site, In 1882, the park was the location for two politically inspired assassinations sometimes known as

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2704-585: Was the official residence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland until the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922. Dublin Zoo is one of Dublin's main attractions. It houses more than 700 animals and tropical birds from around the world. The Zoological Society of Ireland was established in 1830 "to form a collection of animals along the lines of London Zoo". It opened to the public on 1 September 1831 - making it

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