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109-701: The Richmond is bordered by Golden Gate Park on the south, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Lincoln Park , Mountain Lake Park and the Presidio of San Francisco to the north, bisected by the Presidio Greenbelt. The neighborhood was given its name by Australian immigrant and art dealer George Turner Marsh, one of the neighborhood's earliest residents, who called his home "the Richmond House" after Richmond ,

218-570: A " Sky Tram " operated across the Sutro Baths basin, taking up to 25 visitors at a time from Point Lobos, enhanced by an artificial waterfall, to the outer balcony of the Cliff House. In 1972, upon the closing of Playland , the Musée Mécanique , a museum of 20th-century penny arcade games, was moved into the basement of the Cliff House. In the early 1970s the land-side exterior of the building

327-409: A 2.5-acre living roof with almost 1.7 million native California plants and domes that cover the planetarium and rainforest exhibitions. The soil of the roof is six inches deep, which reduces storm water runoff by more than 90% and naturally cools the interior of the museum, thereby reducing the need for air-conditioning. The glass panels of the living roof also contain cells that collect more than 5% of

436-605: A U.S. Army general, famous for his exploits during the Spanish–American War , the Philippine–American War , and the 1906 earthquake . Many of the east–west streets are still named after the Spanish Conquistadors , but there are exceptions. The creation of Golden Gate Park took out the streets previously lettered E through G. The former D Street became Fulton, which is the northern boundary of most of

545-469: A building there, no historical evidence of this building exists and its role in the origin of the Cliff House remains apocryphal . The Cliff House was built by Senator John Buckley and C. C. Butler, opened in 1863 and leased to Captain Junius ;G. Foster. It was a long trek on foot from the city and the restaurant hosted mostly horseback riders, small-game hunters or picnickers on day outings. With

654-407: A known anti-Semite , who gave $ 60,000 for its construction. Strawberry Hills' waterfall was named Huntington Falls after its benefactor Collis P. Huntington. Blue Heron Lake was the first artificial lake constructed in the park and Huntington was the park's first artificial waterfall. The falls are fed by a reservoir located atop Strawberry Hill. Water is pumped into the reservoir from Elk Glen Lake,

763-478: A long-term tenant. The Park Service confirmed that they planned to do so. In the wake of the departure of the Hountalas family and its company as the private concessionaire for the Cliff House, it emerged that the company had secured certain "Cliff House"-related trademarks. This led news organizations to speculate as to whether a future concessionaire would be able to use the "Cliff House" name to protect and promote

872-538: A new long-term lease with any operator since its own prior 20-year lease had expired in June 2018. Dozens of ships have run aground on the southern shore of the Golden Gate below the Cliff House. Anecdotal stories claim that in 1858 Samuel Brannan paid $ 1,500 for lumber salvaged from a ship that foundered on the rocky shore's basalt cliffs near Seal Rocks and built the first Cliff House. While Brannan may have constructed

981-519: A park designed with species native to San Francisco. The plan was rejected for a Central Park -style park designed by engineer William Hammond Hall . The park was built atop shore and sand dunes in an unincorporated area known as the Outside Lands . Construction centered on planting trees and non-native grasses to stabilize the dunes that covered three-quarters of the park. The park opened in 1870. Main attractions include cultural institutions such as

1090-615: A racetrack, favored by " the Big Four " millionaires: Leland Stanford , Mark Hopkins , Collis P. Huntington , and Charles Crocker . Stanford, who was president of the Southern Pacific Railroad , was also one of the owners of the Ocean Railroad Company, which ran from Haight Street across the park to its south border, then out to the beach and north to a point near Cliff House. It was Gus Mooney who claimed land adjacent to

1199-662: A series of improvements to include an underground 800-car parking garage and pedestrianization of the plaza itself. It is surrounded by various cultural attractions, including: Named after M. H. de Young , the San Francisco newspaper magnate, the De Young Museum is a fine arts museum that was opened in January 1921. Its original building, the Fine Arts Building, was part of the 1894 Midwinter Exposition , of which Mr. de Young

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1308-604: A small, independent private elementary school serve the district. The Richmond/Senator Milton Marks Branch and the Anza Branch of the San Francisco Public Library serve the Richmond District. In 1930 voters approved a city charter amendment that would increase funding to the library system so a new library could be built. John Reid, Jr., the architect, designed and landscaped the $ 57,117.29 new library, which

1417-405: A southward direction. First Avenue was renamed Arguello Boulevard and 49th Avenue was renamed La Playa Street. Today, the first numbered avenue is 2nd Avenue, starting one block west of Arguello Boulevard, and the last is 48th Avenue near Ocean Beach. The avenue numbers increase incrementally, with the exception that what would be 13th Avenue is called Funston Avenue named for Frederick Funston ,

1526-672: A steam-powered carousel. The two-story Sharon Children's House now houses the Sharon Art Studio. In 1888, a steam-powered carousel was installed in a circular building near the Children's House and Play Ground. The carousel building was occupied by two more carousels before the 1914 Herschell-Spillman Company carousel was purchased by Herbert Fleishhacker from the Golden Gate International Exposition in 1941. The 1914 carousel has undergone several major renovations,

1635-436: A suburb of Melbourne , Australia . In 1917, the district was legally named "Park-Presidio District", chosen to avoid confusion between the district and the city of Richmond right across the bay. In spite of the official change, San Franciscans continued to use the old name. The name Park-Presidio remained on the books until January 2009, when newly elected Supervisor Eric Mar introduced legislation that officially renamed

1744-403: A virtual town with large residential barracks [with temporary] tented housing, latrines and bathhouses, laundries, and other services." Not only was the standard of military organization high, but the social organization was also at an acceptable standard despite the aftermath of the earthquake and fires. Reports indicate that small communities formed within the tent neighborhoods. The children of

1853-457: A whole. Another accomplishment of John McLaren is his creation of an open walking space along the Pacific shoreline on the western boundary of the park. Despite obstacles such as heavy tides and winds that carried sand inland towards the park, McLaren was able to build an esplanade by stacking thousands of tree boughs over the course of 20 years. When he refused to retire at the customary age of 60

1962-503: Is accessible by car and by public transportation. Golden Gate Park earned the designation of National Historic Landmark and of California Historic Resource in 2004. The park is administered by the San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department , which began in 1871 to oversee the park's development. Golden Gate Park is over three miles (4.8 km) long east to west, and about half a mile (0.8 km) north to south. In

2071-612: Is an urban park between the Richmond and Sunset districts of San Francisco, California , United States. It is the second-largest park in the city , containing 1,017 acres (412 ha), and the third-most visited urban park in the United States, with an estimated 24 million visitors annually. The creation of a large park in San Francisco was first proposed in the 1860s. In 1865, landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted proposed

2180-475: Is between Inner Richmond (to the east) and Outer Richmond (to the west). It is bounded by Park Presidio Blvd to the east, California St. to the north, Fulton St. to the south, and 32nd Ave. to the west. Its hub is on Geary Blvd. (between Park Presidio Blvd. to 28th Avenue). Within Central Richmond, in the area around Geary between about 17th Ave and 27th Ave, is sometimes called Little Russia. Outer Richmond

2289-496: Is mostly constructed of copper, and its unique design was created with the idea that the "building would be enhanced not only by sunlight but also by San Francisco's constant fog." Since the opening of the De Young in 1921, its galleries have mostly changed, but some of the art originally featured during the fair and in the early twentieth century still exists in the museum today. The galleries of Asian art have since been relocated, but

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2398-500: Is named after him. In 1903, a pair of Dutch-style windmills were built at the extreme western end of the park. These pumped water throughout the park. The north windmill was restored to its original appearance in 1981 and is adjacent to Queen Wilhelmina tulip garden, a gift of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands . These are planted with tulip bulbs for winter display and other flowers in appropriate seasons. The Murphy Windmill in

2507-553: Is recognized as the birthplace of the Summer of Love . On January 14, 1967, the Human Be-In was held in the Polo Fields . Organized by artist Michael Bowen , the event was attended by almost 30,000 people. Famous artists such as Gary Snyder and Allen Ginsberg were in attendance, as calls for alternative lifestyles and expanded consciousness reflected the countercultural attitudes of

2616-660: Is to the west of the Central Richmond. It is bounded by Clement St. to the north, 32nd Ave. to the east, Fulton St. to the south, and Ocean Beach to the west. It borders the Ocean Beach and the Cliff House , currently operating as a restaurant. Lincoln Manor is a small enclave of larger homes within the Outer Richmond. It includes a vibrant merchant corridor on the western portion of Balboa St. from approximately 32nd Ave. to 42nd Ave. called Balboa Village . The Richmond District and

2725-810: The De Young Museum , California Academy of Sciences , and the Japanese Tea Garden ; attractions such as the Conservatory of Flowers , the San Francisco Botanical Garden , the Beach Chalet , the Golden Gate Park windmills , and the National AIDS Memorial Grove . Recreational activities include bicycling, pedal boating, and concerts and events such as Outside Lands music festival and Hardly Strictly Bluegrass . Golden Gate Park

2834-690: The Horseshoe Court in the northeast corner of the park near Fulton and Stanyan, there is a concrete bas-relief of The Horseshoe Pitcher by Jesse "Vet" Anderson, a member of the Horseshoe Club. Across from the Conservatory of Flowers is Douglas Tilden's The Baseball Player . During the George Floyd protests , on June 19, 2020, demonstrators toppled or otherwise vandalized the statues of Catholic missionary Junípero Serra , Francis Scott Key (author of

2943-584: The Judah and Sunset station ; and the Beach Chalet Soccer Fields at the line's western terminus at the Judah and La Playa station . Various bus routes pass through Golden Gate Park or stop along its boundaries. The 18 bus stops along the Great Highway on the western end of the park. The 5 Fulton runs along the northern boundary of the park along Fulton Street. The 33 Ashbury/18th Street stops along

3052-674: The Sacramento Valley . The park drew its name from the nearby Golden Gate Strait. The plan and planting were developed by Hall and his assistant, John McLaren , who had apprenticed in Scotland, home of many of the 19th-century's best professional gardeners. John McLaren, when asked by the Park Commission if he could make Golden Gate Park "one of the beauty spots of the world," replied saying, "With your aid gentleman, and God be willing, that I shall do." He also promised that he'd "go out into

3161-428: The de Young Museum and is rumored to be the introduction site of the fortune cookie to America. George Turner Marsh, an Australian immigrant, originally created the garden as a "Japanese Village" exhibit for the 1894 Midwinter Exposition . Following the fair, a handshake agreement with John McLaren would allow Japanese horticulturalist Makoto Hagiwara to take over the garden. Hagiwara would oversee modifications in

3270-507: The 1860s, San Franciscans felt the need for a spacious public park similar to Central Park , which was then taking shape in New York City . Golden Gate Park was carved out of unpromising sand and shore dunes that were known as the Outside Lands , in an unincorporated area west of San Francisco's then-current borders. In 1865, Frederick Law Olmsted proposed a plan for a park using native species suited for San Francisco's dry climate; however,

3379-515: The 1950s, and especially after the lifting of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1965, Chinese immigrants began to replace the ethnic Jewish and Irish-Americans who had dominated the district before World War II . Chinese of birth or descent now make up nearly the half of residents in the Richmond. Located directly north of Golden Gate Park , "the Richmond" is bounded roughly by Fulton Street to

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3488-400: The 1950s, the use of this effluent during cold weather caused some consternation, with the introduction of artificial detergents but before the advent of modern biodegradable products. These "hard" detergents would cause long-lasting billowing piles of foam to form on the creeks connecting the artificial lakes and could even be blown onto the roads, forming a traffic hazard. Golden Gate Park

3597-453: The 2 bus runs on Clement, and 1 bus runs on California. The Richmond has been popularly divided into four parts: Lake Street is just south of Presidio of San Francisco and north of Inner Richmond. It is an affluent area characterized by its many Victorian/Edwardian mansions. Its boundaries are: the Presidio to the north, Arguello Blvd to the east, California St. to the south, and 25th Ave. to

3706-518: The Bandshell, providing local food options to visitors of the Music Concourse. Parkwide bicycle and surrey rentals are also available behind the bandshell and at Haight and Stanyan on the east edge of Golden Gate Park. The area also includes a number of statues of various historic figures, four fountains, and a regular grid array of heavily pollarded trees. Since 2003, the Music Concourse has undergone

3815-682: The Beach Chalet, is a monument to explorer Roald Amundsen and the Gjøa , the first vessel to transit the Northwest Passage . Following the expedition, Gjøa was donated to the city in 1906 and put on display for decades near Ocean Beach. After falling into disrepair, Gjøa was returned to Norway in 1972. The Prayer Book Cross , also known as Drake's Cross, is a sandstone Celtic-style cross measuring 60 feet tall. Erected by Episcopalians in 1894, it commemorates Sir Francis Drake 's first landing on

3924-633: The Cliff House from the ground up as a seven-story Victorian chateau, called by some "the Gingerbread Palace", below his estate on the bluffs of Sutro Heights . This was the same year work began on the Sutro Baths in a small cove immediately north of the restaurant. The baths included six of the large indoor swimming pools, a museum, a skating rink and other pleasure grounds. Great throngs of San Franciscans arrived on steam trains, bicycles, carts and horse wagons on Sunday excursions. Sutro purchased some of

4033-569: The Cliff House's history, since 1863, the building's main draw has been restaurants and bars where patrons could enjoy the Pacific Ocean views. Since 1977, these restaurants and bars have been run by a private operator under contract with the National Park Service. In December 2020, the 47-year operator of these amenities announced that it was closing, and it criticized the NPS for not having signed

4142-463: The Cliff House's sign was removed. The NPS says that it "is committed to maintaining this iconic building", but that the "solicitation process [for a new vendor] for this operation is currently paused as a result of the pandemic." On February 2, 2021, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors passed a resolution urging the NPS to find an immediate vendor for the restaurant while it searched for

4251-616: The Creator , and SZA . Following the COVID-19 pandemic , the Park became an epicenter of debate on which public city spaces should be made permanent car-free zones . In 2022, the Board of Supervisors voted 7-4 to keep the eastern section of John F. Kennedy Drive permanently car-free, a decision affirmed later that year by voters who defeated a ballot initiative which sought to revert the change. The section

4360-499: The De Young still features American art, Modern art, African art, textiles and sculptures, and special alternating exhibitions. The California Academy of Sciences was founded in 1853, just three years after California was made a state, making it the oldest scientific institution in the western United States. Evolutionist Charles Darwin corresponded on the initial organization of the early institution. The original museum consisted of eleven buildings built between 1916 and 1976 located on

4469-682: The Helen Crocker Russell Library, northern California's largest horticultural library. Due to the unique climate of San Francisco and Golden Gate Park, the plants in the San Francisco Botanical Garden range from a variety of different national origins, some of them no longer existing in their natural habitats. Areas of origin include but are not limited to Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Central and South America. These regions of origin go from desert to tropical. In addition, some native California species are housed in

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4578-531: The Mooney's shanties be eliminated, and he found support with the San Francisco Police for park security. Pixley favored Stanford's company by granting a fifty-year lease on the route that closed the park on three sides to competition. The original plan, however, was back on track by 1886, when streetcars delivered over 47,000 people to Golden Gate Park on one weekend afternoon (out of a population of 250,000 in

4687-565: The Park Service during the extensive site restoration that was completed in 2004. During the 2013 government shutdown , October 1–17, the US Park Service ordered the restaurant closed. The owners defied the order, but were forced to close. They reopened with permission on October 12, 2013. The concessionaires of the Cliff House reported on December 13, 2020, that they would be closing their doors on December 31, 2020. They blamed losses from

4796-551: The Park. North of the Park in the Richmond District, the streets are named Anza , Balboa , and Cabrillo . Major parks in the Richmond District include: The Richmond is home to San Francisco Unified School District elementary, middle and high schools. Elementary schools have distinct attendance zones. George Washington High School is located in Outer Richmond, at 32nd Avenue and Anza St. Additionally, Katherine Delmar Burke School , an independent girls' school for kindergarten through eighth grade, as well as Kittredge School,

4905-631: The Rhododendron Dell. McLaren had this statue hidden and it was only placed in the dell after his death. Other statues of historical figures are also located throughout the park, including Francis Scott Key , Robert Emmet , Robert Burns , the double monument to Johann Goethe and Friedrich Schiller , General Pershing , Beethoven , Giuseppe Verdi , President Garfield , and Thomas Starr King . A bronze statue of Don Quixote and his companion, Sancho Panza kneeling to honor their creator, Cervantes , combines historical and fictitious characters. At

5014-513: The Richmond and to downtown . Technically, the Farallon Islands , about 30 miles to the west of mainland San Francisco, are also part of the Richmond District. The Richmond is easy to access by the 38R (Rapid) or 38 bus, which is around a 35 minutes bus ride from downtown running on a red bus lane. It is around a 15 minutes walk to GG Park taking the 38 bus. The 5 bus goes on Fulton to get to Golden Gate Park directly. The 31 bus runs on Balboa,

5123-552: The San Francisco Fly Casting Club). The horseshoe pits were also created by WPA employees. The pits also came with two sculptures, one of a gentleman tossing a horse shoe and one of a white horse (which has since crumbled), both created by artist Jesse S. "Vet" Anderson. Most of the water used for landscape watering and for various water features is now provided by groundwater from the city's Westside Basin Aquifer. In

5232-584: The San Francisco city government was bombarded with letters: when he reached 70, a charter amendment was passed to exempt him from forced retirement. On his 92nd birthday, two thousand San Franciscans attended a testimonial dinner that honored him as San Francisco's number one citizen. He lived in McLaren Lodge in Golden Gate Park until he died in 1943, aged 96. McLaren Avenue, in Sea Cliff , near Lincoln Park

5341-460: The South Windmill, wells, and the city's water supply to keep the system of lakes flowing eastward from Blue Heron Lake. Rowboats and pedalboats can be rented at the boathouse. Much of the western portion of San Francisco can be seen from the top of this hill. The reservoir at its top also supplies a network of high-pressure water mains that exclusively supply specialized fire hydrants throughout

5450-680: The U.S. and Japan that was damaged from World War II. In addition, a plaque, designed by Ruth Asawa , now stands at the entrance of the gardens as a tribute meant to honor Hagiwara and his family for their care-taking of the gardens. The garden also still has features such as the Drum Bridge and the Tea House from the Midwinter Exposition. As is typical among Japanese style tea gardens, the Golden Gate Park's tea garden has its own stepping stone pathways, stone lanterns, and variety of plants. In

5559-664: The West Coast in 1579, the first use of the Book of Common Prayer in California and (from the inscription) the "First Christian service in the English tongue on our coast." It is located near Rainbow Falls on Crossover Drive between the John F. Kennedy Promenade and Park Presidio Drive. The cross was meant to be visible to ships at sea but has since been overgrown by trees. A gift of George W. Childs , it

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5668-438: The West Wing (artistic history of San Francisco). The original De Young Memorial Museum stood for most of the twentieth century, until 2001 when it was completely rebuilt, reopening in 2005. The head-architects, Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron , when asked about their design, said they wanted to create a place "where the art would be less hierarchically presented – more like contemporary art than like bijoux." The building

5777-416: The area north of Golden Gate Park and west of Arguello Boulevard the Richmond District. The Richmond District, originally an expanse of rolling sand dunes called Outside Lands , was developed initially in the late 19th century. Before this development, the Yelamu Tribe of the Ohlone Nation frequented the coastal sites of the current day district and had a village where the development would take place. In

5886-421: The beach. The growth of Golden Gate Park attracted beach travelers, in search of meals and a look at the sea lions sunning themselves on Seal Rocks just off the cliffs, to visit the area. In 1877, the toll road, now Geary Street, was purchased by the city for approximately $ 25,000. In 1883, after a few years of downturn, the Cliff House was bought by Adolph Sutro , who had made a fortune in silver by solving

5995-488: The city annually. There is a constant debate whether or not changes should be made to the garden. Adding souvenir shops and a diversity of food options at the garden historically brings in more money to the organization monitoring the Golden Gate Park, the Recreation and Park Commission. Selling products that share knowledge about Japanese gardens and culture also helps maintain the Japanese Tea Garden's authenticity. The Conservatory of Flowers opened in 1879 and stands today as

6104-435: The city). The first stage of the park's development centered on planting trees in order to stabilize the dunes that covered three-quarters of the park's area. In order to transform the sand dunes into Greenland, John McLaren grew bent grass seeds obtained from France for two years. Once the seeds were grown, he planted them over the sand to hold the ground together. After this success, McLaren introduced new species of plants to

6213-430: The city. The lake itself also serves as a reservoir from which water is pumped to irrigate the rest of the park should other pumps stop operating. In the past the Hill was also topped by Sweeny Observatory, but the building was ruined by the 1906 earthquake and plans to replace it were not approved by park commissioners. Cliff House, San Francisco The Cliff House is a neo-classical style building perched on

6322-436: The closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic , and their landlord, the National Park Service (NPS), for delaying a long term-lease; the restaurant had been operating under a series of short-term leases since June 2018. According to the National Park Service's website, a 3.5-year lease had been offered to the vendor (the Hountalas family doing business as Peanut Wagon Inc.) on December 30, which was turned down. On December 31, 2020,

6431-418: The collection of stuffed animals, artwork, and historic items from Woodward's Gardens to display at both the Cliff House and Sutro Baths. The 1896 Cliff House survived the 1906 earthquake with little damage, but burned to the ground on the evening of September 7, 1907. After the fire, Dr. Emma Merritt, Sutro's daughter, commissioned Reid & Reid to rebuild the restaurant in a neo-classical style. It

6540-428: The control of the United States Army. The United States Army housed 20,000 people in military style encampments, and 16,000 of the 20,000 refugees were living at the Presidio . Within the Presidio were four major encampments including a camp exclusively for Chinese immigrants. Despite being simple lodgings, the army organized 3,000 tents into a geometric grid complete with streets and addresses. "The Army constructed

6649-401: The copyright), re-opening in 1984. Presently, the carousel includes sixty two animals, and a German Band Organ. Two of the animals, a goat and an Outside Row Stander Carousel Horse , are by the Dentzel Wooden Carousel Company . In 2007, the Koret Foundation funded a $ 3.8 million renovation, later called the Koret Playground/Children’s Quarter. The San Francisco Muni Metro runs along

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6758-411: The cost of construction at a rate of two dollars a month for twenty-five months. During the Great Depression, the San Francisco Parks and Recreation Department ran out of public funds. Thus, the duties of the department were transferred to the Works Progress Administration (WPA) , a government program designed to provide employment and community improvements during the economic woes of the 1930s. Within

6867-421: The country and walk along a stream until he found a farm, and that he'd come back to the garden and recreate what nature had done." The initial plan called for grade separations of transverse roadways through the park, as Frederick Law Olmsted had provided for Central Park, but budget constraints and the positioning of the Arboretum and the Concourse ended the plan. In 1876, the plan was almost replaced by one for

6976-596: The eastern edge of the park in Haight-Ashbury . The 7 Haight/Noriega also stops in the Haight, running about halfway along the southern end of the park. The 43 Masonic stops near the Pandhandle on the far eastern end of the park. The 44 and 28 both run through the park. The San Francisco Botanical Garden was laid out in the 1890s, but funding was insufficient until Helene Strybing willed funds in 1926. Planting began in 1937 with WPA funds supplemented by local donations. This 55 acres (22 ha) arboretum contains more than 7,500 plant species. The arboretum also houses

7085-437: The electricity needed to power the museum. Due to its eco-friendly materials and natural sources of energy, the California Academy of Sciences has been named the country's only LEED-platinum certified museum, granted by the U.S. Green Building Council . The Japanese Tea Garden is the oldest public Japanese garden in the United States and occupies five of the 1,017 acres (412 ha) of the Golden Gate Park. It stands adjacent to

7194-421: The entire north wing of the tavern. The building was repaired, but was later completely destroyed by fire on Christmas night 1894 due to a defective flue . Wilkins was unable to save the guest register, which included the signatures of three U.S. Presidents and dozens of world-famous visitors. This incarnation of the Cliff House, with its various extensions, had lasted for 31 years. In 1896, Adolph Sutro rebuilt

7303-434: The first, a transition from steam to electric power with the assistance of the PG&E Company. In 1977, the carousel closed for safety concerns and The San Francisco Arts Commission hired local artist Ruby Newman to oversee the artistic restoration. Her crew of craftspeople restored the badly deteriorated carousel and hand painted all animals, chariots, painted landscapes of the bay area and decorative housing (she holds

7412-561: The former site of the 1894 Midwinter Fair 's Mechanical Arts Building in Golden Gate Park. The structure was largely destroyed in the 1989 earthquake and just three of the original buildings were conserved for the new construction: the African Hall, the North American Hall, and the Steinhart Aquarium . The new building opened in 2008 at the same location in the park. The present building encompasses 37,000 square meters and includes exhibits of natural history, aquatic life, astronomy, gems and minerals, and earthquakes. The academy also contains

7521-413: The garden as well, such as Redwood trees. Overall, the tradition of these diverse gardens that eventually served to inspire the San Francisco Botanical Garden comes originally from China, Europe, and Mexico. Blue Heron Lake , formerly known as Stow Lake , surrounds the prominent Strawberry Hill , now an island with an electrically pumped waterfall . The lake was originally named for William W. Stow ,

7630-522: The garden's transition from a temporary exhibit to a permanent installment within the park. Hagiwara and his family would continue to occupy the garden, maintaining the landscape and design of the garden until 1942. Hagiwara himself died in 1925, leaving the garden in the hands of his daughter, Takano Hagiwara, and her children. They lived there until 1942, when they were evicted from the gardens and forced into internment camps by way of Executive Order 9066 . During World War II, anti-Japanese sentiment led to

7739-420: The headland above the cliffs just north of Ocean Beach , in the Outer Richmond neighborhood of San Francisco , California . The building overlooks the site of the Sutro Baths ruins, Seal Rocks , and is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area , operated by the National Park Service (NPS). The Cliff House is owned by the NPS; the building's terrace hosts a room-sized camera obscura . For most of

7848-408: The idea of a conservatory in his original concept for the design of the park. The idea was later realized with the help of twenty-seven of the wealthiest business owners in San Francisco. In 1883, a boiler exploded and the main dome caught fire. A restoration was undertaken by Southern Pacific magnate Charles Crocker. It survived the earthquake of 1906, only to suffer another fire in 1918. In 1933 it

7957-407: The land, and added over 700 new types of trees to California within the span of one year. By 1875, about 60,000 trees, mostly Eucalyptus globulus , Monterey pine , and Monterey cypress , had been planted. By 1879, that figure more than doubled to 155,000 trees over 1,000 acres (400 ha). Within his lifetime, McLaren is credited to have planted over two million trees within northern California as

8066-495: The later 18th century, they were not able to use this land anymore after Spanish explorers arrived and began setting up missions with the intent of converting and displacing the Ohlone people. Adolph Sutro was one of the first large-scale developers of the area. After purchasing the Cliff House in the early 1880s, he built the Sutro Baths on the western end, near Ocean Beach . After the 1906 earthquake , development increased with

8175-561: The life of the park. A survey and inspection of the vast area west of Strawberry Hill revealed a large flow of water toward the ocean. The North windmill was constructed to reclaim the drainage towards the Pacific Ocean and direct fresh well water back into the park. Alpheus Bull Jr., a prominent San Franciscan, designed the North Windmill. The Fulton Engineering Company received the bid for the ironwork, and Pope and Talbot Lumber Company donated sails ("spars") of Oregon pine. The North Windmill

8284-449: The lyrics to The Star-Spangled Banner ), Ulysses S. Grant , Cervantes, Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. The archbishop of San Francisco, Salvatore Cordileone , described the toppling of the saint's statue as "an act of sacrilege [and] an act of the evil one ", and on June 27 performed an exorcism at the site using the Prayer to Saint Michael . In the northwest corner of the park, near

8393-413: The mix there are dwarf trees, bamboo, and azaleas adorning the gardens. The Japanese Tea Garden serves as a spot of tranquility in the middle of the various activities that take place at the Golden Gate Park and provides visitors "a place in which it is possible to be at one with nature, its rhythms, and changing beauties." The Japanese Tea Garden brings in more than $ 1 million to the Golden Gate Park and

8502-790: The museum, 5,000 people protested the Queen's visit due to Britain's role in The Troubles in Northern Ireland . In 2023, the FBI revealed an assassination plot against the Queen during her visit. Today, Golden Gate Park is one of San Francisco's core attractions, drawing more than 24 million visitors each year. It hosts several annual music and arts festivals, including Outside Lands and Hardly Strictly Bluegrass . Notable Outside Lands headliners have included Radiohead , Paul McCartney , Kendrick Lamar , Elton John , The Weeknd , Billie Eilish , Tyler,

8611-502: The need to provide replacement housing. The last of the sand dunes and coastal scrub that once dominated the area were built over to create a streetcar suburb . The Russian Revolution and subsequent civil war brought many Anti-Communist White Russian , Orthodox Russian refugees and immigrants into the neighborhood. Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia briefly made its headquarters at Holy Virgin Cathedral on Geary Boulevard. In

8720-546: The neighboring Sunset District (on the south side of Golden Gate Park) are often collectively known as "The Avenues", because a majority of both neighborhoods are spanned by numbered north–south avenues. When the city was originally laid out, the avenues were numbered from 1st to 49th and the east–west streets were lettered A to X. In 1909, to reduce confusion for mail carriers, the east–west streets and 1st Avenue and 49th Avenue were renamed. The east–west streets were named after Spanish explorers in ascending alphabetical order in

8829-556: The older community, which were "more sentimental than artistic." By 1916, the Fine Arts Building's collection had grown to 1,000,000 items, and a more suitable museum was necessary. Construction to build a new museum began in 1917. With funds donated by De Young, and Louis Mullgardt as head architect, the De Young Museum was completed in 1921 in a "sixteenth century Spanish Renaissance design, with pale salmon colored façades that were burdened with rococo ornamentation." At its center

8938-461: The oldest building in Golden Gate Park. The Conservatory of Flowers is one of the largest conservatories in the US, as well as one of few large Victorian greenhouses in the United States. Built of traditional wood and glass panes, the Conservatory stands at 12,000 square feet and houses 1,700 species of tropical, rare and aquatic plants. Though it was not originally constructed, William Hammond Hall included

9047-545: The opening of the privately built Point Lobos toll road a year later, the Cliff House became a Sunday destination among the carriage trade . Later the builders of the toll road constructed a two-mile speedway adjacent to it where well-to-do San Franciscans raced their horses along the way. On weekends, there was little room at the Cliff House hitching racks for tethering the horses for the thousands of rigs. Soon, omnibus , railways and streetcar lines made it to near Lone Mountain where passengers transferred to stagecoach lines to

9156-406: The park on Ocean Beach. Many of Mooney's friends also staked claims and built shanties on the beach to sell refreshments to the patrons of the park. Hall resigned, and the remaining park commissioners followed. In 1882 Governor George C. Perkins appointed Frank M. Pixley , founder and editor of The Argonaut , to the board of commissioners of San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. Pixley was adamant that

9265-684: The park, the WPA was responsible for the creation of several features such as the Arboretum, the archery field, and the model yacht club. In addition, the WPA reconstructed 13 miles of roads throughout the park and built the San Francisco Police Department's horse stables. Another WPA contribution, Anglers Lodge and the adjoining fly casting pools, is still in use today. It is home to the Golden Gate Angling & Casting Club (formerly known as

9374-517: The park. It contains two restaurants and murals from the 1930s. Before the construction of its windmills, Golden Gate Park paid the Spring Valley Water Works up to 40 cents per 1000 gallons of water. To avoid this expense the North (Dutch) Windmill was commissioned in 1902 when Superintendent John McLaren deemed the park's pumping plant insufficient to supply the additional water essential to

9483-628: The period. At the event, psychologist Timothy Leary coined the phrase " Turn on, tune in, drop out ." Several months later, Scott McKenzie 's " San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair) " became an anthem for the Summer of Love. The eastern end of the Park was the epicenter of the Summer of Love, with an estimated 100,000 youth visiting the Haight-Ashbury district, where they embraced communal living and counter-establishment values. Hippie Hill

9592-519: The point where he stayed. Inner Richmond sits south of Lake Street. Its boundaries are: California St. to the north, Arguello Blvd to the east, Fulton St. to the south, and Park Presidio Blvd. to the west. The hub of the Inner Richmond is Geary Blvd & Clement St, which are particularly known for Chinese, Thai, Korean, Burmese, and Russian cuisine. The Inner Richmond is a diverse area with sizable Chinese and Russian populations. Central Richmond

9701-412: The problems of ventilating and draining the mines of Nevada's Comstock Lode . After a few years of quiet management by James M. Wilkins, the Cliff House was severely damaged when the schooner Parallel , abandoned with burning oil lamps and a cargo including dynamite powder, exploded while aground at Lands End early in the morning of January 16, 1887. The blast was heard a hundred miles away and demolished

9810-425: The property. The NPS renewed its contract with the Hountalas family in 1998, through the family's company, Peanut Wagon, Inc. In 2003, as part of an extensive renovation, many of Whitney's additions were removed and the building was restored to its 1909 appearance. A new two-story wing was constructed overlooking what were by then the ruins of the Sutro Baths. (The Baths burned to the ground on June 26, 1966. ) During

9919-476: The proposal was rejected in favor of a Central Park-style park needing extensive irrigation. Conceived ostensibly for recreation, the underlying purpose of the park was housing development and the westward expansion of the city. Field engineer William Hammond Hall prepared a survey and topographic map of the park site in 1870 and became its commissioner in 1871. He was later named California's first state engineer and developed an integrated flood control system for

10028-431: The refugees established play areas, and the adults congregated in the mess halls to socialize. In June 1906, the Presidio tent camps were shut down. To replace these tents the city of San Francisco built more permanent living quarters. As mentioned earlier these earthquake shacks were built to house those still homeless after the earthquake and subsequent fires. Army Union carpenters built the shacks, and residents paid off

10137-636: The renaming of the garden as the "Oriental Tea Garden". After the war, a letter-writing campaign enabled the garden to be formally reinstated as the Japanese Tea Garden in 1952. In January 1953, "a classical Zen garden was added to the Tea Garden" as well as the Lantern of Peace. The Lantern of Peace, weighing 9,000 pounds, was a gift from the Japanese Government as a way to mend the relationship between

10246-481: The site restoration, the Musée Mécanique was moved to Fisherman's Wharf . The Cliff House had two restaurants, the casual dining Bistro Restaurant and the more formal Sutro's. Additionally, the Terrace Room served a Sunday brunch buffet. There was a gift shop in the building, and the historic camera obscura is on a deck overlooking the ocean. Peanut Wagon continued to manage Cliff House operations and worked with

10355-399: The south, Arguello Boulevard and Laurel Heights to the east, The Presidio , Lincoln Park , and Sea Cliff to the north, and Ocean Beach to the west. The western portion, "Outer Richmond", and the eastern portion, "Inner Richmond", are divided by a major thoroughfare, Park Presidio Boulevard ( California State Route 1 ). Geary Boulevard is a major east–west thoroughfare that runs through

10464-517: The southern edge of the park. Access to the park on the westbound N Judah line begins at the Carl and Stanyan station , located one block from Kezar Stadium . The line continues along the entirety of the park, and includes access to the California Academy of Sciences and De Young Museum at the 9th Avenue and Irving station ; Blue Heron Lake at the Judah and 19th Avenue station ; Polo Fields at

10573-491: The southwest corner of the park was restored in September 2011. After the great earthquake of San Francisco in 1906, Golden Gate Park became a site of refuge for many who found themselves without shelter. The undeveloped Outside Lands became a prime location to house these masses of people, and "earthquake shacks" popped up all throughout the area. Of the 26 official homeless encampments in the Golden Gate Park region, 21 were under

10682-527: The west. Its name is derived from its proximity to Mountain Lake, one of the few remaining natural lakes in San Francisco, and Lake Street, the neighborhood's northernmost east–west artery. Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza ended his second northward expedition at the lake, stopping for two days in 1776. While here he located a site for the Spanish presidio that was later built. A plaque was placed in September 1957 near

10791-627: Was a 134-foot tower from which its wings extended. At the entrance was the Pool of Enchantment, which consisted of the sculptured Indian boys created by M. Earl Cummings . The museum contained four wings: the East Wing (featuring ever-changing paintings, sculptures and photography by artists such as Vincent Van Gogh ); the Central Wing (famous American and European work); the Northeast wing (Asian collections); and

10900-587: Was a central meeting place, and renowned artists like Janis Joplin , the Grateful Dead , Jefferson Airplane , and George Harrison performed free concerts there during the Summer of Love. In 1983, Queen Elizabeth II visited Golden Gate Park during a tour of the West Coast . Her stop included a dinner at the De Young Museum , attended by then-President Ronald Reagan , Willie Mays , George Lucas , Joe DiMaggio , and Steve Jobs . About three blocks away from

11009-521: Was completed within two years and is the basis of the structure seen today. In 1914, the guidebook Bohemian San Francisco described it as "one of the great Bohemian restaurants of San Francisco. ... while you have thought you had good breakfasts before this, you know that now you are having the best of them all." In 1937, George and Leo Whitney purchased the Cliff House, to complement their Playland-at-the-Beach attraction nearby, and extensively remodelled it into an American roadhouse . From 1955 to 1966,

11118-404: Was declared unsound and closed to the public, only to be reopened in 1946. In 1995, after a severe storm with 100 mph (161 km/h) winds damaged the structure, shattering 40% of the glass, the conservatory was closed again. It was cautiously dissected for repairs and reopened in September 2003. The two-story Beach Chalet faces the Great Highway and Ocean Beach at the far western end of

11227-589: Was decorated with an expansive mural painting depicting crashing waves, painted by artist-musicians (and future members of San Francisco rock band The Tubes ) Michael Cotten and Prairie Prince . The building was acquired by the National Park Service (NPS) in 1977 and became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area . In connection with this acquisition, the NPS contracted with Dan and Mary Hountalas as official concessionaires of

11336-436: Was designed by the architectural firm Coxhead & Coxhead of San Francisco. William Hammond Hall persuaded officials to build the Children's House and Play Ground, designed by Percy & Hamilton , finished in 1888, and funded by William Sharon ' s bequest. It was the first public children's playground in the United States, for children and their mothers, offering swings, indoor enclosures, open sitting areas and

11445-420: Was installed, standing 75 feet tall with 102-footlong sails. The windmill pumps water an elevation of 200 feet with a capacity of 30,000 gallons of water per pump per hour, supplying and replenishing Lloyd Lake, Metson Lake, Spreckels Lake, and Lincoln Park. The water is pumped from the valley into a reservoir on Strawberry Hill. From there the water runs downhill into Falls and Blue Heron Lake. The North Windmill

11554-584: Was placed on the site of the former Lafayette School. On April 10, 1932, the Anza Library, the 17th municipal library branch, was dedicated. In May 2009 the library system closed the Anza Branch for repairs. A rebuilt library opened on June 18, 2011. Jing Mo Athletic Association lion dancers provided entertainment at the ceremony. [REDACTED] Media related to Richmond District, San Francisco at Wikimedia Commons Golden Gate Park Golden Gate Park

11663-559: Was subsequently renamed "JFK Promenade." The Music Concourse is a sunken, oval-shaped open-air plaza originally excavated for the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894 . Its focal point is the Spreckels Temple of Music , also called the "Bandshell", where numerous music performances have been staged. During the fall, spring, and summer seasons, various food trucks are often parked behind

11772-447: Was successful, causing another system of wells and a second windmill at the southwestern corner of the park to be recommended. Samuel G. Murphy provided $ 20,000 to erect the windmill. The South Windmill (Murphy Windmill) stands as the largest in the world, having the longest sails in the world since its construction, with the ability to lift 40,000 gallons of water per hour. A statue of longtime park superintendent John McLaren stands in

11881-487: Was the director. The Fine Arts Building featured several artists, twenty-eight of whom were female. One of these revolutionaries was Helen Hyde , who is featured in the De Young Museum today. Once the fair ended, the Egyptian-styled building remained open "brimful and running over with art." Most of these pieces were paintings and sculptures purchased by De Young himself, and others were donations of household antiques from

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