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75-548: The Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE) was a World's Fair held at Treasure Island in San Francisco , California, U.S. The exposition operated from February 18, 1939, through October 29, 1939, and from May 25, 1940, through September 29, 1940; it drew 17 million visitors to Treasure Island. Among other things, it celebrated the city's two newly built bridges: the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and
150-516: A Western setting and a racetrack featuring monkeys driving automobiles. The Key System ran special trains to the fair from the East Bay area during the first year, bearing the "X" designation for "Exposition". These trains ran along the same East Bay routes as the Key transbay trains, and used the same rolling stock, the "bridge units", but instead of using the newly opened bridge railway, they were diverted to
225-467: A circle of Stow Lake from the north, and the southeastern loop to Visitacion Valley was truncated and replaced by a turn on Army Street (Cesar Chavez). Finally, a new segment on Interstate 280 allowed the drive to return to The Embarcadero. In 1999, the route was again modified. Changes included beginning at Civic Center Plaza rather than on Van Ness Avenue, removing the former detour to Coit Tower, and traveling on Howard Street instead of Market Street at
300-521: A former Major League Baseball team, was named for the 1967 fair). From World Expo 88 in Brisbane onwards, countries started to use expositions as a platform to improve their national image through their pavilions. Finland, Japan, Canada, France, and Spain are cases in point. A major study by Tjaco Walvis called "Expo 2000 Hanover in Numbers" showed that improving national image was the main goal for 73% of
375-622: A geographical block to share space (i.e. Plaza of the Americas at Seville '92). In the 21st century the BIE has moved to sanction World Expos every five years; following the numerous expos of the 1980s and 1990s, some see this as a means to cut down potential expenditure by participating nations. The move was also seen by some as an attempt to avoid conflicting with the Summer Olympics . World Expos are restricted to every five years, with Specialized Expos in
450-444: A precise theme—such as "Green Desert, Better Environment" ( International Horticultural Expo 2023 Doha Qatar ), "Growing Green Cities" ( Floriade 2022 ), or "Building a Beautiful Home Featuring Harmonious Coexistence between Man and Nature" ( Expo 2019 ). The purpose of these exhibitions is to foster cooperation and the sharing of knowledge and solutions between countries, horticultural producers and agricultural industries by addressing
525-693: A projected attendance of 20,000,000 people. Construction would employ 3,000, and running the fair would require a workforce of 10,000. Treasure Island , a flat, geometrically shaped, artificial island attached to Yerba Buena Island , was built for the Exposition near where the Oakland span and the San Francisco span of the Bay Bridge join. The dredging of Treasure Island started on February 11, 1936. 19,000,000 cu yd (15,000,000 m) of fill were required for
600-515: A survey about the proposed scenic route. The route measures just over 49 miles, and adds neighborhoods such as Ingleside , The Bayview , and Bernal Heights , as well as multiple parks. The scenic route also highlights independent bookstores, neighborhood theaters, museums, art galleries, and restaurants. While the scenic drive starts at City Hall, the scenic route starts at the San Francisco Chronicle building at 5th and Mission. Like
675-724: A ten-minute Technicolor short exploring the Golden Gate International Exposition. In 1940 it was followed by "Night Descends on Treasure Island", an eight-minute short focusing on the art exhibitions among other features of the GGIE, anticipating its closing in September 1940. In October 2010, the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C. opened an exhibition titled Designing Tomorrow: America's World's Fairs of
750-569: A typical universal exposition: national pavilions and exhibits concerning technology and/or the future, along with more typical amusement park rides. Meanwhile, several of the 1964 attractions that were relocated to Disneyland have been duplicated at the Walt Disney World Resort . Occasionally other mementos of the fairs remain. In the New York City Subway system, signs directing people to Flushing Meadows–Corona Park remain from
825-486: Is a designated scenic road tour highlighting much of San Francisco , California . It was created in 1938 by the San Francisco Down Town Association to showcase the city's major attractions and natural beauty during the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition . Originally beginning at San Francisco City Hall and ending on Treasure Island , the route has been modified several times since. Today
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#1732837334519900-641: The 1964 New York World's Fair (which was held over into 1965) were moved to Disneyland after the closing of the Fair. Many of the rides, including " It's a Small World ", and " Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln ", as well as the building that housed the Carousel of Progress are still in operation. The concept of a permanent world's fair came to fruition with the Disney Epcot theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort , near Orlando, Florida . Epcot has many characteristics of
975-606: The 49-Mile Scenic Route . The drive begins on Polk Street opposite San Francisco City Hall . Circling Civic Center Plaza and passing Bill Graham Civic Auditorium , the San Francisco Public Library 's main branch, and the Asian Art Museum , the route continues north along Larkin Street through Little Saigon before turning onto Geary Boulevard and proceeding west up Cathedral Hill . After entering Japantown ,
1050-609: The China Clipper . During much of the Fair, Pan Am offered two arriving and two departing flights each week, aboard the Boeing B-314s from Treasure Island; it took 16 to 20 hours to or from Hawaii. Due to wartime needs, the Island was taken over by the US Navy as Naval Station Treasure Island from 1941 to 1997. Losing money, the organizers petitioned under reorganization laws and closed
1125-712: The Eiffel Tower , built for the Exposition Universelle (1889) . Although it is now the most recognized symbol of its host city Paris , there were contemporary critics opposed to its construction, and demands for it to be dismantled after the fair's conclusion. Other structures that remain from these fairs: Some world's fair sites became (or reverted to) parks incorporating some of the expo elements, such as: Some pavilions have been transported overseas intact: The Brussels Expo '58 relocated many pavilions within Belgium :
1200-578: The Exposition Flyer passenger service between Chicago and Oakland, named for the Golden Gate International Exposition. The adventurer and travel author Richard Halliburton , sailing his Chinese junk Sea Dragon to San Francisco from Hong Kong, perished in a typhoon while crossing the Pacific on his way to the exposition in March 1939. In 1939, James A Kilpatrick's Travel Talks issued "A Day on Treasure Island"
1275-705: The Golden Gate Bridge , and above Baker Beach , the route exits the Presidio into Sea Cliff . Continuing along El Camino del Mar into Lincoln Park , the route passes the Legion of Honor and exits the park into the Richmond District . Turning westward onto Geary Boulevard, drivers proceed several blocks and continue onto Point Lobos Avenue, soon reaching the Sutro Baths and Cliff House . At 15.2 miles (24.5 km),
1350-455: The Golden Gate Bridge . The idea to hold a World's Fair to commemorate the completion of the Bay Bridge and Golden Gate Bridge began with a letter to The San Francisco News in February 1933. Architects W.P. Day and George Kelham were assigned to consider the merits of potential sites around the city, including Golden Gate Park , China Basin , Candle Stick Point , and Lake Merced . By 1934,
1425-699: The International Association of Horticultural Producers ), and the Milan Triennial . Astana , Kazakhstan , held the most recent Specialised Expo in 2017 while Dubai , United Arab Emirates , hosted World Expo 2020 (which was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic ) and Doha , Qatar hosted Horticultural Expo in 2023 . In 1791, Prague organized the first World's Fair in Bohemia (modern-day Czech Republic ). The first industrial exhibition
1500-634: The Japanese Tea Garden , San Francisco Botanical Garden , and California Academy of Sciences ; turning at the AIDS Memorial Grove ; and exiting the park's East Portal at Stanyan Street. Briefly skirting the Haight-Ashbury and Cole Valley neighborhoods, the route ascends Parnassus Street and passes the University of California, San Francisco 's main campus. Turning south onto 7th Avenue in
1575-567: The Pacific Ocean . The theme was physically symbolized by "The Tower of the Sun;" by an 80-foot statue of Pacifica , goddess of the Pacific ocean; and by architect Mark Daniels ' Chinese village, built and managed by San Francisco's George Jue. As the boundaries of human intercourse are widened by giant strides of trade and travel, it is of vital import that the bonds of human understanding be maintained, enlarged and strengthened rapidly. Unity of
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#17328373345191650-537: The SFMOMA , Yerba Buena Gardens , and Moscone Center before making its final turn onto 9th Street, crossing Market once more, and returning to Civic Center Plaza. The route ends where it began, in front of City Hall, after traveling 46.3 miles (74.5 km). In the late 1930s, residents of San Francisco and the greater Bay Area celebrated the completion of both the Golden Gate Bridge and San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge . In July 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt
1725-566: The U.S. Navy , and the drive was rerouted for the first time. During World War II , civilian access to the Presidio was closed, the route effectively closing along with it. In 1947, the drive reopened with an expanded southeastern segment, which now continued south past Mission San Francisco de Asís to Excelsior , McLaren Park , and Visitacion Valley before returning via the Bayshore Freeway and Bryant Street to The Embarcadero. In 1954,
1800-654: The first-ever NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament . The Coliseum, listed in NCAA guidebooks as having a capacity of 9,476, hosted two Elite Eight games and a Final Four game (before 1952 , there were only two regions and the champions met in the National Championship game, which was the only game played at what is now considered a "Final Four" site). The Western regional included the Oklahoma Sooners , Oregon Webfoots , Texas Longhorns , and Utah State Aggies . In
1875-457: The telephone were first presented during this era. This era set the basic character of the world fair. The 1939–1940 New York World's Fair , and those that followed, took a different approach, one less focused on technology and aimed more at cultural themes and social progress. For instance, the theme of the 1939 fair was "Building the World of Tomorrow"; at the 1964–1965 New York World's Fair , it
1950-648: The "Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations" was held in the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London , United Kingdom. The Great Exhibition , as it is often called, was an idea of Prince Albert , Queen Victoria 's husband, and is usually considered to be the first international exhibition of manufactured products. It influenced the development of several aspects of society, including art-and-design education, international trade and relations, and tourism. This expo
2025-609: The 1930s . This exhibition, which was available for view until September 2011, prominently featured the Golden Gate International Exposition. Many of the art pieces that were created from the Art in Action exhibition, including the Pan American Unity mural by Diego Rivera , three Dudley C. Carter wood carvings, and two Frederick E. Olmsted sculptures are now housed and displayed at City College of San Francisco . The Fauna and Flora of
2100-527: The 1964–1965 event. In the Montreal Metro subway at least one tile artwork of its theme, "Man and His World", remains. Also, a seemingly endless supply of souvenir items from fair visits can be found, and in the United States, at least, often turn up at garage or estate sales. Many fairs and expos produced postage stamps and commemorative coins . 49-Mile Scenic Drive The 49-Mile Scenic Drive
2175-470: The 385-acre (156 ha) site. Initial schedules called for the completion of dredging by the end of 1936. The site was named Treasure Island by Clyde Milner Vandeburg, part of the Fair's public relation team, and it stuck. Built by the federal government, Treasure Island was intended to serve as the municipal airport for San Francisco, an idea which had first been advanced in 1931. Air service would have included Pan American's transpacific flying boats, like
2250-455: The 49-Mile Scenic Drive was officially opened by Douglas Corrigan , who had achieved fame (and his nickname, "Wrong Way") earlier in 1938 for claiming to fly from New York City to Los Angeles but ending up in Dublin . Corrigan drove at least part of the route in reverse on that day. After the Golden Gate International Exposition was closed in 1940, control of Treasure Island was transferred to
2325-464: The Down Town Association held a contest to design a new sign to mark the route, offering the winner a $ 100 prize. Local artist Rex May submitted the winning entry, a seagull in profile on a sky blue background with white and orange text. The signs have proved a popular target for theft and many portions of the route are unsigned. The San Francisco Department of Parking and Traffic, which manages
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2400-543: The Dutch economy. It also identified several key success factors for world-exposition pavilions in general. At present there are two types of international exhibition: World Expos (formally known as International Registered Exhibitions) and Specialised Expos (formally known as International Recognised Exhibitions). World Expos, previously known as universal expositions, are the biggest category events. At World Expos, participants generally build their own pavilions. They are therefore
2475-582: The Expo in 1939, Master carver John Wallace (Haida) demonstrated the art of carving totem poles for visitors. The Art in Action exhibition was staged at GGIE during its second session in the summer of 1940 to show artists at work and attract visitors. As part of the exposition, the California Coliseum, located near the grounds' northeast corner, hosted the Western Regional semifinal and Final rounds of
2550-628: The Inner Sunset, the route curves around Mount Sutro and the Laguna Honda Reservoir before turning east and climbing Twin Peaks . From Twin Peaks Boulevard, drivers are directed into the north peak's parking area and offered unobstructed views of the city below. The route then descends into Corona Heights —built to take full advantage of the views at this height. Winding its way down the hill,
2625-432: The Pacific mural by Miguel Covarrubias is now on display at the de Young museum in San Francisco. The colorful and oversized map depicts the four Pacific Rim continents with examples of their flora and fauna suspended in a swirling Pacific Ocean populated with sea creatures. World%27s Fair A world's fair , also known as a universal exhibition or an expo , is a large global exhibition designed to showcase
2700-452: The Pacific in 1939, truly serve all nations in symbolizing their destinies, one with every other, through the ages to come. The San Francisco Downtown Association created the 49-Mile Scenic Drive to promote the exposition and the city. The drive started at San Francisco City Hall and ended on Treasure Island after winding around the " City by the Bay ." W.P. Day , a locally prominent architect,
2775-405: The Pacific nations is America's concern and responsibility; their onward progress deserves now a recognition that will be a stimulus as well. Washington is remote from the Pacific. San Francisco stands at the doorway to the sea that roars upon the shores of all these nations, and so to the Golden Gate International Exposition I gladly entrust a solemn duty. May this, America's World's Fair on
2850-481: The achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specific site for a period of time, typically between three and six months. The term "world's fair" is commonly used in the United States, while the French term, Exposition universelle ("universal exhibition" ) is used in most of Europe and Asia; other terms include World Expo or Specialised Expo , with
2925-543: The blueprint stage inasmuch as their projected speed of 175 to 200 miles per hour would have distracted drivers.) The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway started a passenger train , the Valley Flyer , to carry passengers between Bakersfield and Oakland during the exposition. The Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad , Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad , and the Western Pacific Railroad launched
3000-543: The choice of sites had been narrowed to the areas adjoining the two bridges: either "an island built up from shallow water" north of Yerba Buena Island (which would go on to be named Treasure Island), or the Presidio , which had previously been used in 1915 for the Panama–Pacific International Exposition . Yerba Buena Shoals was chosen as the site in February 1935. In August 1935, a $ 10 million proposal using federal WPA funds for construction work
3075-566: The countries participating in Expo 2000 . Pavilions became a kind of advertising campaign, and the Expo served as a vehicle for "nation branding". According to branding expert Wally Olins , Spain used Expo '92 and the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona in the same year to underscore its new position as a modern and democratic country and to show itself as a prominent member of the European Union and
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3150-404: The drive turns north onto Webster Street before immediately returning east along Post Street, where it continues past Japan Center , Lower Nob Hill , and Union Square . At Grant Avenue , the route again turns north and enters Chinatown through its Dragon Gate. Drivers are soon directed onto California Street and up Nob Hill, passing its landmark hotels. Turning north at Grace Cathedral ,
3225-599: The end of the route. The 49-Mile Scenic Route is a scenic tour of San Francisco designed to be accessible to non-drivers. It is an alternative to the 49-Mile Scenic Drive. In 2019, Peter Hartlaub and Heather Knight of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote a series of articles about a proposed new scenic route. They started by doing the existing scenic drive via a variety of non-car modes of transport to figure out what works when not driving. After publishing their initial experience, Chronicle readers were invited to take
3300-415: The fair earlier than planned on October 29, 1939. Efforts to reopen the fair in 1940 were initially abandoned in early December 1939 before a compromise was ultimately reached before the end of December; a frantic reorganization ensued to open a partially revamped fair for a second shorter season in 1940. The theme of the exposition was "Pageant of the Pacific", as it showcased the goods of nations bordering
3375-502: The global community. At Expo 2000 Hanover, countries created their own architectural pavilions, investing, on average, €12 million each. Given these costs, governments are sometimes hesitant to participate, because the benefits may not justify the costs. However, while the effects are difficult to measure, an independent study for the Dutch pavilion at Expo 2000 estimated that the pavilion (which cost around €35 million) generated around €350 million of potential revenues for
3450-650: The host committee and participants because the architectural fees are lower and they only have to customize pavilion space provided free of charge from the Organiser, usually with the prefabricated structure already completed. Countries then have the option of "adding" their own colours, design etc. to the outside of the prefabricated structure and filling in the inside with their own content. Horticultural Expos (formally known as A1 International Horticultural Exhibitions) are co-regulated by International Association of Horticultural Producers . Like Specialised Expos are organized in
3525-491: The in-between years. Specialized Expos (formally known as International Recognized Exhibitions) are usually united by a precise theme—such as "Future Energy" ( Expo 2017 Astana ), "The Living Ocean and Coast" ( Expo 2012 Yeosu ), or "Leisure in the Age of Technology" ( Brisbane , Expo '88 ). Such themes are more specific than the wider scope of world expositions. Specialized Expos are usually smaller in scale and cheaper to run for
3600-682: The most extravagant and most expensive expos. Their duration may be between six weeks and six months. Since 1995, the interval between two World Expos has been at least five years. World Expo 2015 was held in Milan, Italy, from 1 May to 31 October 2015. Specialised Expos are smaller in scope and investments and generally shorter in duration; between three weeks and three months. Previously, these Expos were called Special Exhibitions or International Specialized Exhibitions but these terms are no longer used officially. Their total surface area must not exceed 25 hectares (62 acres) and organizers must build pavilions for
3675-528: The next few miles, the route passes nearly all of San Francisco's Golden Gate National Recreation Area locations. The route detours through the Marina Green parking lot and takes a path of residential streets to the Palace of Fine Arts , the most prominent remaining structure from the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition . Continuing for a few blocks each on Baker, Bay, Broderick, Chestnut, and Lyon streets,
3750-478: The old Key System ferry pier ("mole") as there was no stop available at Yerba Buena Island. A ferry crossed the relatively short span of water between the end of the pier and Treasure Island. This service ended at the close of the first phase of the exposition at the end of 1939. In 1940, the "X" train-ferry service was entirely replaced by Key System buses, also designated "X". (Unfortunately a proposal to place Thunderbolt Roller Coasters on both bridges never got beyond
3825-739: The opening of round of Regional semifinals (now referred to as the Elite Eight), Oregon beat Texas 56-41 and Oklahoma beat Utah State 50-39. In the Regional Final round (now known as the national semifinal round), the Webfoots beat the Sooners 55-37, advancing to the National Championship game in Evanston, Illinois , where they won the first ever national championship 46-30 over the Ohio State Buckeyes . There
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#17328373345193900-463: The paramount issues of healthy lifestyles, green economies, sustainable living, education and innovation. List of official world expositions (Universal and International/Specialised/Horticultural) according to the Bureau International des Expositions . Most of the structures are temporary and are dismantled after the fair closes, except for landmark towers. By far the most famous of these is
3975-447: The participating states, free of rent, charges, taxes and expenses. The largest country pavilions may not exceed 1,000 m ( 1 ⁄ 4 acre). Only one Specialised Expo can be held between two World Expos. An additional two types of international exhibition may be recognized by the BIE: horticultural exhibitions, which are joint BIE and AIPH-sanctioned 'garden' fairs in which participants present gardens and garden pavilions; and
4050-426: The pavilion of Jacques Chocolats moved to the town of Diest to house the new town swimming pool. Another pavilion was relocated to Willebroek and has been used as dance hall Carré ever since. One smaller pavilion still stands on the boulevard towards the Atomium : the restaurant "Salon 58" in the pavilion of Comptoir Tuilier. Many exhibitions and rides created by Walt Disney and his WED Enterprises company for
4125-404: The route before its Treasure Island terminus. At Market Street , the route crosses in front of the Ferry Building and shortly thereafter turns westward along Washington Street to enter the Financial District . Proceeding south on the often-congested Battery Street, the route crosses Market Street and enters the SoMA neighborhood on 1st Street. Turning again at Howard Street, the route passes
4200-406: The route continues east through Potrero Hill before abruptly directing drivers onto northbound I-280 . After about 40 miles (64 km) of surface streets , the route travels along I-280 for the final 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of that freeway, exiting near Mission Bay and Oracle Park . It winds along The Embarcadero and underneath the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge —once the final leg of
4275-440: The route enters the Presidio at Lombard Street. At 8.6 miles (13.8 km), the route passes the Letterman Digital Arts Center , proceeds onto Presidio Boulevard, and continues onto Lincoln Boulevard. The route detours through the Presidio's Main Post before returning to Lincoln Boulevard near San Francisco National Cemetery . Passing above Crissy Field and Fort Point , under the U.S. Highway 101 (US 101) approach to
4350-409: The route forms a loop proceeding counterclockwise from Civic Center Plaza, and its length is closer to 48.8 miles (78.5 km). Owing variously to its length, its labyrinthine route, and the difficulty of driving through a bustling city, the drive remains relatively unpopular with tourists and locals alike. In 2019, the San Francisco Chronicle proposed a non-driving alternative that it called
4425-463: The route proceeds due south along the city's Pacific coast on Great Highway , passing Ocean Beach , the edge of Golden Gate Park , the San Francisco Zoo , and skirting Lake Merced before returning north on Lake Merced Boulevard past San Francisco State University and continuing through the Sunset District along Sunset Boulevard. The route then enters Golden Gate Park and winds through it for about 5 miles (8.0 km) —circling Stow Lake; passing
4500-453: The route takes drivers past the Randall Museum before descending east along 14th Street into San Francisco's prominent gay neighborhood , The Castro . Now 36.6 miles (58.9 km) into the drive, the route turns southward along tree-lined Dolores Street, passing Mission San Francisco de Asís and Mission Dolores Park while splitting the Castro, Mission District , and Noe Valley en route to Cesar Chavez Street . At Cesar Chavez Street,
4575-444: The route then directs drivers east onto Washington Street, passing the San Francisco Cable Car Museum , then south onto Powell Street for one block before descending east along Clay Street, back into Chinatown. At Portsmouth Square , the route proceeds north along Kearny Street for two blocks and turns northwest onto Columbus Avenue , entering North Beach . After passing City Lights Bookstore and turning onto Grant Avenue once more,
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#17328373345194650-434: The route travels for six blocks up Telegraph Hill before turning west onto Lombard Street near Coit Tower . Passing the Joe DiMaggio Playground, the route turns north toward Fisherman's Wharf on Mason Street. At Jefferson Street, the route proceeds alongside the waterfront—passing Aquatic Park and the San Francisco Maritime Museum with several quick turns heading into the Marina District near Fort Mason . Over
4725-456: The semi-regular Milan Triennial (not always held every third year) art and design exhibition, held in Milan, Italy , with the BIE granting official international exhibition status to 14 editions of the Triennale between 1996 and 2016. World Expos (formally known as International Registered Exhibitions) encompass universal themes that affect the full gamut of human experience, and international and corporate participants are required to adhere to
4800-511: The signs, attempts to replace them when they are informed. By 1976, the drive had been rerouted once more. The initial segment now moved west from Van Ness Avenue through Japantown, showcasing the recently completed Japan Center. A more complex loop through Chinatown included a trip up Nob Hill. A formalized detour to Fort Point was indicated, and the route now turned in Lincoln Park to reach Cliff House via Geary Boulevard instead of Fort Miley . A longer route through Golden Gate Park now included
4875-432: The theme in their representations. Registered expositions are held every 5 years because they are more expensive as they require total design of pavilion buildings from the ground up. As a result, nations compete for the most outstanding or memorable structure—for example Japan, France, Morocco, and Spain at Expo '92 . Sometimes prefabricated structures are used to minimize costs for developing countries, or for countries from
4950-410: The way with blue and gold triangular signs. The name was changed shortly thereafter—probably with marketing intentions—to reflect San Francisco's approximate area (46.9 square miles (121 km )) and reference the California Gold Rush of 1849, from which the term "forty-niner" originates. The Down Town Association produced brochures highlighting the scenic drive for tourists. On September 14, 1938,
5025-428: The word expo used for various types of exhibitions since at least 1958. Since the adoption of the 1928 Convention Relating to International Exhibitions, the Paris-based Bureau International des Expositions has served as an international sanctioning body for international exhibitions; four types of international exhibition are organised under its auspices: World Expos, Specialised Expos, Horticultural Expos (regulated by
5100-560: The years from 1850 to 1938. In these years, world expositions were largely focused on trade and displayed technological advances and inventions. World expositions were platforms for state-of-the-art science and technology from around the world. The world expositions of 1851 London , 1853 New York , 1862 London , 1876 Philadelphia , Paris 1878 , 1888 Barcelona , 1889 Paris , 1891 Prague , 1893 Chicago , 1897 Brussels , 1900 Paris , 1904 St. Louis , 1915 San Francisco , and 1933–1934 Chicago were notable in this respect. Inventions such as
5175-431: Was "Peace Through Understanding"; at the 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal, it was "Man and His World". These fairs encouraged effective intercultural communication along with sharing of technological innovation. The 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal was promoted under the name Expo 67 . Event organizers retired the term world's fair in favor of Expo (the Montreal Expos ,
5250-456: Was advanced, and in October of that year, Leland W. Culter, president of San Francisco Bay Exposition, Inc., announced that President Roosevelt had approved US$ 3,000,000 (equivalent to $ 66,670,000 in 2023) to help fund the cost of reclaiming land at Yerba Buena Shoals. San Francisco Bay Exposition was incorporated on July 24, 1934. Initial schedules called for the fair to open on February 18, 1939, and to close on December 2, 1939, hosting
5325-628: Was also a regional third-place game played in the Coliseum, which was won by the Aggies, 51-49. The GGIE featured a 40-acre (16 ha) midway named the "Gayway" after a contest was held in 1938 to name the Amusement Zone. One of the more successful attractions in the Gayway featured Sally Rand , who starred in "Sally Rand's Nude Ranch" (styled as "Sally Rand's N D ude Ranch"); a contemporary publicity postcard shows Rand posing with female ranch hands, called "Nudies", as strategically placed fence boards conceal implied nudity. Other Gayway sights included sideshow -style attractions, such as little people in
5400-511: Was appointed director of works and George W. Kelham served as the chief architect until his death in October 1936, when he was succeeded by Arthur Brown Jr. The fair was built in a specially created architectural style called 'Pacifica', a streamlined mix of Art Deco incorporating various Asian and Latin American (such as Maya or Inca , but also Spanish Colonial ) architectural elements. During
5475-564: Was given a vehicular tour of the city, including its two bridges, with Senator William Gibbs McAdoo and Mayor Angelo Joseph Rossi before speaking at the Treasure Island fairgrounds, site of the Golden Gate International Exposition of 1939–40. Later that year, the San Francisco Down Town Association devised a route from behind City Hall to Treasure Island that was originally titled the "50-Mile Scenic Drive", marking
5550-714: Was on the occasion of the coronation of Leopold II as king of Bohemia . The exhibition was held in the Clementinum , and celebrated the considerable sophistication of manufacturing methods in the Czech lands during that time period. France had a tradition of national exhibitions , which culminated with the French Industrial Exposition of 1844 held in Paris . This fair was followed by other national exhibitions in Europe. In 1851,
5625-418: Was the precedent for the many international exhibitions, later called World Expos , that have continued to be held to the present time. The character of world fairs, or expositions, has evolved since the first one in 1851. Three eras can be distinguished: the era of industrialization, the era of cultural exchange, and the era of nation branding. The first era, the era of "industrialization", roughly covered
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