Misplaced Pages

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115-683: The forerunner to the National Air Operations Command (Koopsudnas) was the Sector Operation Centre (SOC) formed in 1958. Then the Joint Air Defense Command (Kohanudgab) was formed in 1961, its members came from the army, navy and air force. Kohanudgab is tasked with guarding defense centers in the eastern part of Indonesia. Furthermore, the National Air Defense Command (Kohanudnas) was formed based on

230-809: A US aircraft carrier, but that the request arrived too late at the Kohanudnas headquarters in Jakarta due to red tape. Pakistan International Airlines 's Boeing 737-300 was detected entering Indonesian airspace without diplomatic clearance on 7 March 2011. Kohanudnas then ordered the Air Force to scramble a pair of Sukhoi to intercept and force the aircraft to land at Hasanuddin airport . On 29 November 2011, Syamsudin Noor Airport 's radar detected Dassault Falcon 900 EX that carried Papua New Guinean Deputy Prime Minister H.O.N. Belden Namah entering Indonesian airspace, then

345-729: A United Nations commission to assess conditions, the public's wishes, and possibility of a United Nations plebiscite. On 19 December 1961, Sukarno decreed the establishment of the People's Triple Command or Tri Komando Rakyat (Trikora) in order to annex what Indonesia called West Irian by 1 January 1963. Trikora's operational command was to be called the Mandala Command for the Liberation of West Irian ( Komando Mandala Pembebasan Irian Barat ) with Major-General Suharto (the future President of Indonesia) serving as its commander. In preparation for

460-456: A combat zone west of New Guinea and sink any shipping after midnight on 5 August. Naval officer and Historian Matthijs Ooms has shown in his masterpaper that the Dutch naval intelligence service, MARID (Marine Inlichtingendienst), received information in the summer of 1962 that Soviet crews were manning Indonesian submarines and Tupolev bombers. In his memoirs, Khrushchev freely admitted that during

575-758: A combined Soviet - Indonesian military operation which aimed to seize and annex the Dutch overseas territory of Netherlands New Guinea in 1961 and 1962. After negotiations, the Netherlands signed the New York Agreement with Indonesia on 15 August 1962, relinquishing control of Western New Guinea to the United Nations . When the rest of the Dutch East Indies became fully independent as Indonesia in December 1949,

690-556: A crucial role in ending the conflict over New Guinea. Owing to the support of Soviet submarines and bombers, Indonesian military forces could confidently launch attacks on Dutch troops. In response to the Soviet presence, the United States put pressure on the Netherlands to relinquish control of West Papua. At the height of the Cold War, it was strategically critical that Indonesia remain outside

805-597: A further 8 aircraft in July 2012. The first four units arrived in March 2012 with deliveries complete by 2014. In August 2011, Indonesia announced that it would acquire 18 Grob G120TP for its basic trainer requirements which would likely replace the FFA AS-202 Bravo and Beechcraft T-34 Mentor trainers. On 29 December 2011 Indonesia committed to purchase 6 Su-30MK2 jet fighters in a US$ 470 million procurement contract signed by

920-666: A legislative New Guinea Council in 1960, establishing hospitals, completion of a shipyard in Manokwari , development of agricultural research sites and plantations; and the creation of the Papuan Volunteer Corps to defend the territory. On 19 December 1961, President Sukarno made a speech in Yogyakarta regarding the liberation of Papua, revolving around "The three principles of Trikora." The three principles of Trikora were: Indonesia began seeking weapons from abroad in response to

1035-805: A letter written by defence minister, Prabowo Subianto to his Austrian counterpart Klaudia Tanner , was published by Indonesian news outlets expressing interest in acquiring Austria 's Luftstreitkräfte entire fleet of Eurofighter Typhoon jets. On 18 February 2021, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force Air Chief Marshal Fadjar Prasetyo announces in annual Air Force Leadership Meeting that Indonesian Air Force plans to buy 36 Dassault Rafales and 8 F-15EX Strike Eagle , of which 6 F-15EX are expected to arrive in 2022, along with C-130J Super Hercules and Medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle . The Air Chief Marshal also stated that

1150-502: A limited number of Kh-29 , Kh-31 and Kh-59 air-to-ground missiles were delivered for the Su-30s. Local weapons are being developed such as P-100 air-to-ground bomb manufactured by PT Dahana and PT Sari Bahari Malang, East Java. P-100 has been successfully tested in Su-27 and Su-30 for ground attack missions. Large-scale production has received certification from Ministry of Defence. During

1265-526: A loss of morale. A successful paratrooper operation occurred on 24 June 1962, with the target Merauke using 3 Hercules planes. This operation consisted of 55 members of special forces, and 160 members of Battalion 530/Brawijaya under the command of Major Leonardus Benjamin Moerdani . A moderately successful guerrilla operation by these forces, forced the Dutch to send reinforcements to bolster Merauke forces from two corps to two battalions. Operation Badar Lumut

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1380-562: A total of 180 Su-27s and Su-30s to complete the needs of 10 squadrons. India also offered TNI-AU Indian-Russian made BrahMos missiles to equip its Su-27s and Su-30s. Indonesia signed a memorandum of understanding to participate in the South Korean KF-X programme in July 2010 and the terms of agreement was signed in 2011. Indonesia agreed to finance 20 percent of the project and would receive 50 jets in return, while South Korea would get 200 jets. A Defence ministry spokesman claimed that

1495-554: A unit consisted of 20 people from Brimob was able to arrive although promptly captured by Dutch Navy before they were able to land. On 7 August 1962 63 people consisted of 53 from Brimob and 10 volunteers managed to land in Rumbati near Patipi, Fakfak. On 18 March 1962 at 15.15 from this post, on Gebe island, PG 300 consisted of 2 platoons and Command Company 191261, under the leadership of Lt. Nana attempt an infiltration to Waigeo. They were sighted by Dutch reconnaissance plane, and therefore

1610-563: Is also known as the "Orange Berets" ( Baret Jingga ) due to the distinctive color of their service headgear. The Indonesian Air Force has 30,100 personnel and equipped with 110 combat aircraft. The inventory includes 33 F-16 Fighting Falcons as the main fighters (from the United States ) supplemented by five Su-27 and eleven Su-30 (from Russia ), Hawk 200 , KAI T-50 and Embraer EMB 314 . The Indonesian Air Force also intends to purchase 50 KF-X fighter jets from Korea. As of 2023,

1725-603: Is certain that Dutch can't keep Dutch New Guinea from Indonesia that they wanted took steps to prepare it for independence as a separate country. The Dutch and some West Papuan leaders argued that the territory did not belong to Indonesia because the West Papuans were ethnically and geographically separated from Indonesians, had always been administered separately, and that the West Papuans did not want to be under Indonesian control. From its independence in 1949 until 1961, Indonesia attempted to gain control of Western New Guinea through

1840-524: Is divided into 3 types, namely type A, type B and type C. Apart from maintenance matters, Air Squadrons and their subordinate units may move from headquarter airbase to operation airbase in certain operations during combat exercises or warfare. The Engineering Squadron generally serves the maintenance of aircraft belonging to the Air Squadron which are at the same AFB. In July 2003, Kohanudnas detected unauthorized military aircraft flying over Bawean Island off

1955-442: Is in limbo due to Russia's refusal to give transfer of technology to Indonesia owing its small number of orders in addition to Indonesian concerns over price. In January 2017, Indonesia approved for the acquisition of 5 Airbus A400M Atlas multi-role aircraft worth US$ 2 billion, as part of the plans to boost the country's military capabilities. They are to be acquired in both transport and utility configurations and will be operated by

2070-530: Is to develop and prepare combat readiness of air defense capabilities of the air force. The Air Defense Command is based at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport and has 4 air defense wings, which are 100th Missile Defense Wing, 200th Radar Wing, 300th Interceptor Wing, and 400th Radar Wing. Aside from these, personnel of the Army Air Defense Artillery Corps and the Directorate of Air Defense Operations of

2185-867: The Free Aceh Movement ( Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM)) and Free Papua Movement ( Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM)). In the conflict with GAM in Aceh, the Indonesian Air Force utilised OV-10Fs for counter-insurgency actions along with BAe Hawk 53 and 209. Indonesian F-16s underwent Falcon UP program in the Netherlands with Koolhaas Alphen bv, and Daedalus. In that same year, the Air Force received two Sukhoi Su-27s and two Sukhoi Su-30s from Russia. The fighters were partly paid for in Indonesian palm oil . The purchase, however, did not include any weaponry. Seven KT-1B Korean basic trainers were also purchased. By 2005

2300-639: The HNLMS ; Karel Doorman . By the summer of 1962, the Indonesian military had begun planning a large-scale amphibious and air assault against Biak , the Netherlands' main power base in West Irian. This operation would have been known as Operation Jayawijaya ("Victory over Imperialism") and would have included a substantial task force of 60 ships including several which had been supplied by Sukarno's Soviet and Eastern Bloc allies. On 13 and 14 August 1962, air drops of Indonesian troops were staged from Sorong in

2415-638: The Indonesian Minister of Defence Prabowo Subianto during a bilateral meeting in France and met with his French counterpart Florence Parly , it was reported that the Ministry is interested on French military equipment including 48 Dassault Rafales, four Scorpène submarines and two Gowind corvettes. On 12 March 2020, Bloomberg reported that Indonesia had cancelled the Su-35 deal due to diplomatic pressure from

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2530-677: The Indonesian National Armed Forces . The Indonesian Air Force is headquartered in Jakarta , Indonesia, and is headed by the Chief of Staff of the Air Force ( Kepala Staf Angkatan Udara – KSAU or KASAU). Its order of battle is split into three Air Operations Commands ( Indonesian : Komando Operasi Udara ). Most of its airbases are located on the island of Java . The Indonesian Air Force also has its ground force unit, called Air Force Quick Reaction Force Command ( Kopasgat ). The corps

2645-524: The Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 , due to the purported leftist sympathies of its members. By August 1968 the situation was critical, and in early 1970, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Suwoto Sukandar, said that the spare parts situation meant that only 15–20 percent of aircraft were airworthy. The MiG force made its farewell flight with a flypast of Jakarta in 1970. The relatively new MiG-19s were sold to Pakistan . By October 1970, only one Tu-16

2760-720: The International Court of Justice (ICJ). A further argument that the Linggadjati Agreement states that the Dutch were relinquishing the “whole territory of Netherlands (East) Indie" and West Papua was incorporated in Negara Indonesia Timur or NIT and NIT dissolved into United States of Indonesia which in turn became Republic of Indonesia, has also not been tended at the ICJ. Since 1954, Indonesia had sporadically launched military raids into Western New Guinea. Following

2875-665: The United Nations , the Dutch finally agreed to acknowledge Indonesian independence. Following the 1949 Round Table Conference , sovereignty was officially transferred to the United States of Indonesia . The Dutch armed forces left (but remained in West Papua until 1963) and the aeroplanes were handed over to the Indonesians. These comprised, among others, North American P-51 Mustang , North American B-25 Mitchell , North American T-6 Texan , Douglas A-26 Invader , Douglas C-47 Dakota and Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina , which served as

2990-621: The Yakovlev Yak-130 , Guizhou JL-9 /FTC-2000 Mountain Eagle and Aero L-159 Alca . The T-50 would replace the BAE Hawk MK-53 trainer jets. Deliveries were completed by January 2014 and were commissioned on 13 February 2014. In June 2011, Indonesia signed the final contract for 8 Super Tucano as the replacement for the OV-10 Bronco in the counter-insurgency role with a second contract for

3105-630: The confrontation against Malaysia (which was backed by the United Kingdom ) along the border of Kalimantan, the Malacca Strait and near the Singapore maritime border, wherein Air Force aircraft faced their counterparts in the Royal Air Force and the young Royal Malaysian Air Force . The coup attempt led by the 30 September Movement in 1965 changed everything and a new anti-communist regime from

3220-652: The Air Chief Marshall Fadjar Prasetyo confirmed that the Su-35 purchase will not go ahead. Regarding the planned purchase of the Sukhoi Su-35, Fadjar said it would be abandoned. Indonesia has ambitious plans for a homemade future 4.5 generation jet fighter with South Korea 's KAI and Indonesia's IAe, the KF-X/IF-X. On November 11, 2021, it was reported that South Korea and Indonesia had reached an agreement on

3335-441: The Air Force was experiencing a logistical crisis. The A-4s were phased out of service in 2004, and to respond to the decreasing quantity of aircraft in service, in 2006, the Indonesian Air Force ordered three Sukhoi Su-27SKM and three Su-30MK2 to complete a full squadron. It was also made public that the four aircraft procured in 2003 were inactive and awaiting an upgrade of their communication systems, as they were incompatible with

3450-463: The Air Force will modernize its various fleet of combat aircraft, whose implementation will begin in 2021. In November 2021, Airbus confirmed that the Indonesian Ministry of Defence had signed a deal with Airbus for 2 A400Ms configured for MRTT role, with an option, in the form of a letter of intent, for four additional aircraft. On 22 December 2021 during a Press Tour and Media Gathering,

3565-400: The Air Force. The Air Operations Command is led by a two-star Air Vice-Marshal who oversees the aviation and engineering squadrons, and air base elements of all TNI-AU air force bases and subordinate air wings. Each Air Force Base is divided based on function into 2 types, namely, headquarters air base and operational air base. Meanwhile, based on the area and completeness of the facilities, it

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3680-582: The Army, led by Major General Suharto , took power. The Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Air Marshall Omar Dani was removed from his position and court-martialed for his purported involvement in the coup. Ties with the Eastern bloc countries were cut, and thus support and spare parts for the planes became short. Unlike other branches of the Indonesian Armed Forces, the Air Force was broadly not implicated in

3795-503: The B-25, but they never reached operational status. These aircraft served along with the remaining American aircraft such as North American B-25 Mitchell , Douglas A-26 Invader, Douglas C-47 Dakota and North American P-51 Mustang. It was during this period that the Indonesian Air Force became the first Air Force in Southeast Asia which acquired the capability of strategic bombing by acquiring

3910-770: The Decree of the President of the Republic of Indonesia No. 08/PIM/PI/62 dated 9 February 1962. Kohanudnas as the Main Operations Command of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia, is tasked with carrying out integrated security defense efforts over national air space both independently and in collaboration with the main operational commands of other forces. Interoperability in the use of defense equipment such as fighter aircraft, radar, air defense artillery, and Navy warships. At

4025-723: The Defence Ministry and Russia's JSC Rosoboronexport. Deliveries were set to reportedly start after 2013. In January 2012, the Australian and Indonesian governments agreed to the transfer of four used C-130H Hercules aircraft from the Royal Australian Air Force to the Indonesian Air Force in 2012, which was approved by the US as the Hercules' producer. In January 2014, Defence Minister Purnomo Yusgiantoro said that he hoped to start

4140-542: The Deputy Chief of the Indonesian Navy Staff. Some 55 survivors were captured. Over the next eight months, the Indonesian forces managed to insert 562 troops by sea and 1,154 by air drops. The inserted Indonesian troops conducted guerrilla operations throughout Western New Guinea from April 1962 onwards, but they were largely militarily ineffective. At least 94 Indonesian soldiers were killed and 73 were wounded during

4255-559: The Dutch Army barracks in Semarang, Salatiga and Ambarawa, dropping incendiary bombs. Tactically, these raids did not have any effect on the Dutch positions, but psychologically, it was a great success as it proved that the Indonesian Air Force still existed. The Dutch had previously claimed the destruction of Indonesian Air Force in their assault before and they never expected any attack from the sky. Dutch Curtiss P-40E Warhawks tried to find all

4370-635: The Dutch Navy plus 24 Hawker Hunter jet fighters from the Royal Netherlands Air Force . In addition, Dutch ground forces consisted of several anti-aircraft artillery units, five Netherlands Marine Corps companies and three Royal Netherlands Army infantry battalions. As part of the planned defence, the Dutch had considered using Marid 6 NNG to disrupt the Indonesian military's communication systems. On 23 March 1962, infiltration began using 3 boats, one of them motorised, and carry PG 600. PG 600

4485-479: The Dutch retained sovereignty over the western part of the island of New Guinea during Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference and will discuss method of transfer over the next 12 months. Instead, Dutch wanted to retain Dutch New Guinea. Right-wing politicians wanted that the "Dutch flag remain planted in at least one portion of the former colony" and cited the presence of oil around Sorong. Only when situation

4600-527: The Dutch. The Netherlands was unable to find sufficient international support for its New Guinea policy. By contrast, Sukarno was able to muster the support of the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies, and the Non-Aligned Movement . In response to Indonesian claims, the Netherlands sped up the process of implementing West Papuan self-rule from 1959 onward. These measures included the establishment of

4715-467: The Indonesian Air Force (TNI-AU) Aviation Squadrons 31 and 32. In November 2021, Indonesian ministry of defence officially orders two Airbus A400M in multirole tanker and transport configuration. On 12 May 2017, Defence Minister Ryamizard Ryacudu confirmed that the Indonesian Air Force (TNI-AU) will sign contract to buy 10 Su-35s. Russia will open the factory for Sukhoi Spare Parts in Indonesia as part of

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4830-702: The Indonesian Air Force handed over the majority of its remaining MiG-21F-13s, which were used to form a US Air Force Aggressor squadron . Indonesia also purchased BAE Hawk Mk 53s from the United Kingdom in the 1970s. The Indonesian Air Force took part in the 1975 Indonesian invasion of East Timor . In the early 1980s, the Air Force, needing modern strike aircraft, organised Operation Alpha to clandestinely acquire ex- Israeli Air Force A-4 Skyhawks . Air Force personnel were sent in secret by different routes and eventually Indonesia received 32 aircraft. In 1982, Indonesia purchased 16 Northrop F-5E/F Tiger II from

4945-503: The Indonesian Air Force purchased 42 Rafale from France, along with C-130J transport aircraft and a Medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle . The airforce also signed an MoU for acquiring 24 Boeing F-15EX Eagle II fighter jets as of August 2023. After the Japanese announced their surrender at the end of WWII, Indonesian nationalist leader Sukarno declared Indonesian Independence on 17 August 1945. Several days later,

5060-565: The Indonesian Air Force saw action against several regional rebellions in Indonesia such as PRRI , Permesta , Darul Islam-Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) and the Republic of South Maluku separatists. Several Indonesian pilots scored their first kills, including Captain Ignatius Dewanto with his North American P-51 Mustang , who in 1958 shot down a Permesta Douglas B-26 Invader over Ambon. Its pilot, Allen Pope , an American CIA agent,

5175-453: The Indonesian People's Security Bureau (Badan Keamanan Rakyat) was formed to undertake security duties. The Air Division of this force was also formed, using ex-Japanese planes scattered everywhere, especially in the island of Java, including Bugis Air Base in Malang (Established on 18 September 1945). The most numerous of these aeroplanes were the Yokosuka K5Y1 Willow (Cureng) trainers, which were hastily used to train newly recruited cadets. At

5290-558: The Indonesian systems in use. The additional aircraft were ordered with systems complying with the Indonesian and international standards and would also include new weaponry for all variants. A further 12 KT-1b trainers were also ordered in 2006. Until 2008, the Indonesian Air Force had only purchased four types of missiles: KS-1 Komet , Vympel K-13 , AIM-9 Sidewinder and AGM-65 Maverick . Starting from 2008, it started receiving more advanced Russian made Vympel R-73 and R-77 air-to-air missiles for its new Su-27 and Su-30 fighters. Also,

5405-399: The Indonesians would become further entrenched into the Soviet-bloc. Indonesia bought various kinds of military equipment, including 41 Mi-4 and nine Mi-6 helicopters, 30 MiG-15 , 49 MiG-17 , ten MiG-19 and 20 MiG-21 fighter jets, 12 Whiskey -class submarines, 12 Komar-class missile boats, and one ex-Soviet Navy Sverdlov-class cruiser which was renamed the KRI  Irian . Of

5520-486: The Japanese Hinomaru, reflecting the red and white of the Indonesian flag . The People's Security Bureau was then, in October, re-organized to form the nascent formal armed forces. This marked the birth of the Indonesian Air Force on 9 April 1946. However, tensions rose as the Dutch tried to re-claim their former colony and launched an assault on 21 July 1947, destroying most of the planes on the ground. Some planes survived though and were hidden in remote bases. 29 July 1947

5635-502: The MiG-21s. The Sabre was used by the TNI-AU until 1982. In 1973, the United States supplied military assistance including T33s trainers and UH-34D helicopters in exchange for four old MiG-21F-13s. Pakistan Air Force took over the responsibility to train Indonesian pilots in the Sabre and in logistical aspects of the Air Force. Over the next three years, the US supplied 16 North American Rockwell OV-10 Broncos counter-insurgency aircraft and F-5E/F Tiger II fighters, in exchange for which

5750-405: The Minimum Essential Forces (MEF) Plan of TNI-AU consist of: 11 Fighter Squadrons, 6 Transport Squadrons, 2 VIP/VVIP Squadrons, 2 Patrol Squadrons, 4 Helicopter Squadrons, 2 Training Squadrons and 2 UAV Squadrons. In September 2015, Defence Minister Ryamizard Ryacudu said that Indonesia had chosen the Su-35 Flanker-E to replace the F-5 Tiger II. Although in recent times, the deal to purchase Su-35

5865-541: The Navy, both of the Indonesian Army and Indonesian Navy , respectively and activated in 1962, are under its operational supervision. Air Force Operations Command were established 1951 with Air Cdre Ruslan Danurusamsi as its first commander. In 1976, the Command was renamed into Combined Air Combat Command. In 1985, as part of a major reorganization of the armed forces, the Command was split into Air Force Operations Commands 1 and 2 to oversee supervision over all regional air bases and air force formations within Indonesia on

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5980-420: The Netherlands in August 1960. Indonesia also increased its military pressure on Dutch New Guinea by buying weapons from the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc . Over the following years, the Sukarno government became dependent on Soviet military support. On 26 September 1961, the Netherlands proposed United Nations administration for which the Netherlands would maintain $ 30 million annual funding, and proposed

6095-512: The Netherlands recognized Indonesia's resolve to take Western New Guinea. Since it was unwilling to be drawn into a protracted conflict on the other side of the world, the Dutch government signed the New York Agreement , which handed the colony to an interim United Nations administration. Consequently, Operation Jayawijaya was called off and Western New Guinea was officially acquired by Indonesia in 1963. The Dutch decision to hand over Western New Guinea to Indonesia had been influenced by its main ally,

6210-519: The Soviet sphere of influence, which made the U.S willing to take action to ensure a neutral or friendly relationship with Indonesia. By enforcing the transfer of New Guinea, the US could keep the Sukarno regime friendly. As the US relinquished support, the Dutch eventually gave way to US pressure and the threat of an extended conflict in New Guinea. The Soviet support was secret – the "volunteers" wore Indonesian uniforms. However, according to Khrushchev's memoirs, Indonesian Foreign Minister Soebandrio let

6325-460: The Soviet willingness to actively provide military support leak to Howard P. Jones , the US ambassador in Jakarta. Admiral Sudomo revealed in a newspaper article in 2005 that six Soviet submarines supported the amphibious operations while stationed Bitang, East Sulawesi, tasked to attack the Dutch fleet in Manokwari. Submarine commander Rudolf Ryzhikov recalled in a Russian article he received orders on 29 July from Admiral Sergey Gorshkov to patrol

6440-554: The United Nations General Assembly in 1961, the UN Secretary General U Thant asked Ellsworth Bunker , a US diplomat, to submit proposals addressing the problem of the status of West Irian. Bunker proposed that the Netherlands cede West Irian to Indonesia through the United Nations within a period of 2 years. On 27 December 1958, President Sukarno issued Law No. 86 of 1958 concerning the nationalization of all Dutch companies in Indonesia. Nationalized companies included: While other policies were implemented, including: In accordance with

6555-427: The United Nations. The vote reached majority but not two-thirds needed for adoption. Since the Indonesian National Revolution , Indonesian nationalists had regarded Western New Guinea as an intrinsic part of the Indonesian state. Though Indonesian nationalists contend that Western New Guinea (Irian Barat) belonged to Indonesia and was being illegally occupied by the Dutch, Indonesia has not presented this argument to

6670-445: The United States and the European Union both imposed arms embargoes. Although the European Union chose not to renew its ban in 2000, the United States did not lift its embargo until November 2005. During this embargo, the Indonesian government turned to Russia to supply them with arms including fighters, helicopters, missiles, radars and other equipment. In 2002, the Indonesian Air Force conducted operations against separatists, such as

6785-405: The United States government to pressure the Dutch to seek a peaceful solution to the conflict. Indonesian Air Force This is an accepted version of this page The Indonesian Air Force ( Indonesian : Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Udara, (TNI-AU) , lit.   'Indonesian National Military-Air Force') sometimes shortened as IDAF / IdAF , is the aerial branch of

6900-684: The United States to replace their Sabres under the Peace Komodo I and II. These were upgraded in Belgium from 1995. During 1986–88, there was a competition for the contract to provide a new fighter bomber, between the General Dynamics F-16 and Dassault Mirage 2000 . Indonesia eventually ordered 12 F-16 A/B Fighting Falcon Block 15 OCU as a new fighter in 1989. The Indonesian Air Force had originally planned to acquire 60 F-16s to cover and defend its 12 million square kilometres of territory. A total of 10 F-16A and F-16B are still in service with Indonesian Air Force: 2 planes crashed in two different accidents. A follow-up order for 9 more F-16A Block-15 OCU

7015-423: The United States. Indonesia instead opted to negotiate the purchase of F-35 aircraft. This was later denied and Russia ensured that the cooperation would continue, although there were still a number of things to discuss. On 8 July 2020 however, the Russian Ambassador to Indonesia, Lyudmila Vorobieva stated that Indonesia's plan to buy 11 Sukhoi Su-35 fighter jets from Russia is still continuing. On 20 July 2020,

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7130-419: The United States. While the Netherlands was a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and thus an ally of the US, the Kennedy administration was unwilling to antagonize Indonesia since it was trying to court President Sukarno away from the Soviet orbit. The Indonesian military's incursions into West Irian, plus the substantial Soviet military assistance to the Indonesian military, had convinced

7245-399: The West New Guinea crisis Soviet personnel had been commanding Indonesian submarines and piloting Tu-16s. In the buildup to the conflict, Indonesia approached key regional players including India , Pakistan , Australia , New Zealand , Thailand , United Kingdom , West-Germany , and France to ensure that they would not support the Netherlands in a potential Dutch-Indonesian conflict. In

7360-399: The air force was deployed as follows: Indonesian MiG pilots received training to fly their fighter aircraft in Egypt before the infiltration campaign. During the infiltration of the airlift campaign, the air forces' special forces, Pasukan Gerak Tjepat (PGT) (now known as Kopasgat ) landed in Klamono-Sorong, Papua. Also during this period, the Indonesian Air Force also took part in

7475-407: The airport's ATC and Kohanudnas tries to contact the aircraft as it is an unscheduled flight, but no response. As Kohanudnas also didn't authorize aircraft flight clearance, they decide to scramble two Sukhoi fighter to intercept and shadowing the Falcon near Banjarmasin , South Kalimantan , for about 37 minutes. It was found that Falcon was applied for flight clearance shortly before take-off and

7590-405: The arrival of the S-75 Dvina SAM system, which served alongside the AZP S-60 , M1939 61-K , M1939 52-K , Zastava M55 , Bofors 40 mm gun and the Oerlikon GDF until the early 1970s, alongside radar stations built with Warsaw Pact and Yugoslav assistance. The Air Force Air Defense Command, raised on 12 September 1963, form majority of the personnel under the Kohanudnas. Its primary mission

7705-437: The basis of the Air Regions. On 11 May 2018, Air Force Operations Command 3 was officially formed on the basis of the Air Force Operations Command 2 bases in eastern Indonesia. In January 2022, National Air Defense Command and Air Force Operations Command 1, 2, and 3 were officially merged into one organization - Koopsudnas. The unified service serves as an umbrella institution managing air defense and superiority operations under

7820-401: The clearance was not granted yet during the incident. The minister of foreign affairs of Indonesia said that Kohanudnas was conducting an electronic identification with radar and a visual identification by intercepting (the aircraft) according to standard procedures, and no harm occurred. Operation Trikora 1st President of Indonesia [REDACTED] Operation Trikora was

7935-507: The command of Jonkey Robert Komontoy, consisted of 87 people travelled from Gebe island to Waigeo. In Waigeo they met up with forces under Herlina Kasim which was a false flag unit. These 2 forces joined and enter Arugu Bay, northwest of Sorong. PG 500 enter Sausapor on 17 July 1962. Previous successful infiltration by PG 400 consisted of 200 people. This group movement was covered by Herlina forces on 12 August 1962. In Waigeo, Indonesian soldiers did not encounter Dutch forces as they rarely visited

8050-428: The conflict with the Netherlands. Having failed to secure anything from the United States (Dutch membership in NATO was the possible reason), General Nasution went to Moscow in December 1960 to negotiate what eventually turned out to be a US$ 2.5 billion arms package with the Soviet government. The subsequent deliveries that arose from this deal led the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) to boast that Indonesia had

8165-424: The contract. On 28 November 2017, the Defence Minister confirmed that the Air Force (TNI-AU) had completed the procurement process of the aircraft. In October 2019 the Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Air Force Yuyu Sutisna said the Indonesian Air Force will purchase at least 2 Squadrons (32 aircraft) of F-16V Block 70/72 for the last phase of the 'Minimum Essential Force' program (MEF Fase 3 2020–2024) to replace

8280-618: The development of the Trikora situation, instructions were given by the Commander in Chief of the Highest Commodity of Liberation of West Irian No. 1 to Major General Suharto, Commanding General of the Mandala Command, which were the following:   Strategies developed by the CGMC to carry out these instructions included the following:   In 1962, Indonesian incursions into the territory in

8395-674: The early of 1962, Operation Trikora was getting underway as the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) were already engaging the military forces of The Netherlands in what is now Papua and West Papua provinces. The National Air Defense Forces Command was established on 9 February 1962 as the air defense division of that operation commanded by AVM H.M.Sujono on the basis of the TNI Joint Service Air Defense Command ( Komando Pertahanan Udara Gabungan APRI ) whose commander for Papuan air force operations

8510-491: The eastern coast of Java for more than two hours, and ordered the Indonesian Air Force to scrambled two fully armed F-16s Block 15 OCU from the 3rd Air Squadron to intercept the unauthorized aircraft, which were five US Navy F/A-18 Hornets . The incident ended peacefully through a Friend or Foe hand signal. A US spokesman said that the naval aircraft had sought permission to enter Indonesian airspace while escorting

8625-437: The exploitation phase would stage full-scale amphibious landings and paratroop operations to seize key locations. The consolidation phase would then expand Indonesian control over the whole of Western New Guinea. On 15 January 1962, the infiltration phase of Operation Trikora began when four Indonesian Navy motor torpedo boats attempted to land a unit of 150 marines on the south coast of New Guinea near Vlakke Hoek. The force

8740-460: The failure of negotiations at the United Nations , the president of Indonesia, Sukarno , escalated pressure on the Netherlands by nationalising Dutch-owned businesses and estates and repatriating Dutch nationals. These actions increased tensions between Indonesia and the Netherlands led to a sharp reduction in trade between the two countries. Following a sustained period of harassment of Dutch diplomats in Indonesia, Indonesia formally severed ties with

8855-400: The fighting began immediately for several days before Indonesian forces managed to take over on 21 May 1962, and fly the Indonesian flag on the compound. On 19 May 1962, with a Hercules plane, a drop was performed on Sansapor with forces consisted of 81 people under the leadership of second Lt. Suhadi. They landed on Dutch military barracks, the fighting ended quickly, as Dutch forces suffered

8970-478: The first preparations undertaken by the Indonesian Air Force (AURI) were to repair war-damaged airbases, which would be used for infiltration operations and normal operations on the West Irian mainland. Air bases and landing strips which were common along the borders of Maluku and West Irian, were relics of imperial Japanese presence. Such airbases and landing strips were last used in 1945, and had since fallen into disrepair. Soviet support of Indonesia played

9085-463: The form of paratroop drops and the naval landings of guerrillas were used to step up Indonesian Foreign Minister Subandrio 's diplomatic confrontation with the Dutch. Operation Trikora was to unfold in three phases: infiltration, exploitation and consolidation, all under cover of the Indonesian Air Force. The plan called first for the insertion of small bands of Indonesian troops by sea and by airdrop, who would then draw Dutch forces away from areas where

9200-532: The guerrillas' planes, but they were too late to find those "ghost" aircraft which landed quickly in Maguwo Air Base, near Yogyakarta (now, Adisucipto International Airport ). Indonesian pro-independence guerrillas tried to save captured aircraft in a number of remote areas, including examples of the Mitsubishi A6M Zero-Sen "Zeke" , Aichi D3A "Val" , and Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" . Under pressure from

9315-437: The hostilities. By contrast, the Dutch suffered only minimal casualties. Indonesian military activity continued to increase in the area through mid-1962 in preparation for the second phase of the operation. The Indonesian Air Force began to fly missions in the area from bases on surrounding islands, with Soviet-supplied Tupolev Tu-16 bombers armed with KS-1 Komet anti-ship missiles deployed in anticipation of an attack against

9430-610: The invasion force and alerted their command. According to Wies Platje, the Royal Netherlands Navy was responsible for the defence of Western New Guinea. In 1962, the Dutch naval presence in New Guinea consisted of five anti-submarine destroyers, two frigates, three submarines, one survey vessel, one supply ship and two oil tankers. Dutch air power in Western New Guinea consisted of 11 Lockheed P2V-7B Neptune aircraft from

9545-590: The island. After the failed infiltration from Post 101, on 9 August 1962, Raider Corps Kodam XV under the leadership of Lt. Nussy landed in Misool. Another forces from Wahai on 11 August 1962 consisted of 46 members was forced to return after meeting a Dutch Navy destroyer. However, after escorts from 5 Motorised Torpedo Boats (MTB), they were able to land on 12 August 1962. Those 5 MTB were engaged with Dutch forces consisted of 1 frigate, 1 destroyer, 1 submarine, and 1 Neptune, however managed to return safely. This operation

9660-769: The jet would be more capable than the F-16 but less capable that the F-35 . The project was started in 2009 and the first prototype is expected to roll out in the second half of 2020. But payment problems and technical difficulties had caused several delays and postponement of the KAI KF-X project. Indonesia has also signed an MOU with China to produce C-705 missiles which will arm the Sukhoi jets. In April 2011, Indonesia confirmed that it will buy 16 supersonic KAI T-50 Golden Eagle trainer jets from South Korea for up to US$ 400 million after an evaluation of

9775-511: The last confrontation with the Dutch in Papua, before the Dutch, again under pressure of the United Nations, left in 1963. Several missions of Taiwan-based Lockheed U-2s from 35th Squadron flew over Maluku (Moluccas) and reported to Dutch military that there was a strong possibility that the Dutch would lose their air superiority over Papua if they continued the war. During Operation Trikora ,

9890-510: The leadership of Air Captain Santoso, with the target of Kaimana. This unit consisted of 39 members, led by Lettu Heru Sinodo. The drop was on 26 May 1962, at 05.00, using 3 C-47 planes. Two battalions of Raiders Yon 454/Diponegoro and PGT members joined for this operation. This force was split into 2: Garuda Merah, consisted of 140 members led by Captain Kartawi with the target Fakfak. The first drop

10005-428: The main forces of the Indonesian Air Force for the following decade. During this era, Indonesia received its first jet aircraft; De Havilland DH-115 Vampire . It was also during this era that the national roundels were changed to the red and white pentagon (which was supposed to signify Indonesia's national ideology of "Panca Sila", or the "Five Principles", created by Sukarno in 1945). Political instability meant that

10120-531: The new Tupolev Tu-16 in 1961, before the acquisition of Ilyushin Il-28 by Vietnam People's Air Force . Around 25 Tu-16KS were delivered complete with AS-1 air-surface missiles. One crashed at the end of 1962. To add with all these purchases was the first ever surface to air defence missile operated by Southeast Asians, the Soviet-designed S-75 Dvina , which were acquired in 1961. This era also marked

10235-416: The northwest to Merauke in the southeast as a diversion for an amphibious assault against the Dutch military base at Biak by a force of 7,000 Army ( RPKAD ) and Air Force ( PASGAT ) paratroopers, 4,500 marines and 13,000 army servicemen, from various military districts ( KODAMs ). However, the Dutch Navy's Marid 6 Netherlands New Guinea (Marid 6 NNG) signals intelligence section and Neptune aircraft detected

10350-628: The older BAE Systems Hawk . Since 2017 the Indonesian Air Force with Lockheed Martin and Indonesian Aerospace is also upgrading their existing F-16A/B with the Falcon STAR eMLU upgrade program that include new avionics, new armament capability that could carry AMRAAM , and JDAM , new aircraft airframe that will last longer, Sniper ATP , LITENING , and Bird Slicer IFF . The upgrade is being carried out by Indonesian companies supervised by Lockheed Martin in Skadron Teknik 042. In January 2020,

10465-468: The payment which Indonesia would have to make for their joint fighter jet project after concerns that Jakarta would default on the deal. Under the renegotiated agreement, Indonesia will have to pay 1.6 trillion won ($ 1.35 billion) of the 8.1 trillion-won project. On 10 February 2022, Dassault Aviation stated that Indonesia has officially signed an order for 42 Dassault Rafale F4s, concluding two years of negotiations with 6 aircraft for Batch I. Hours later

10580-579: The planned invasion, the Mandala command began making land, air, and sea incursions into West Irian. As a result, Indonesia began a policy of confronting the Dutch over control of Western New Guinea. Sukarno also embarked on a policy of "progressive mobilization" to prepare the nation to carry out his commands. While the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia sided with the Netherlands' claims to Western New Guinea and were opposed to Indonesian expansionism, they were unwilling to commit military support to

10695-559: The reactivation of TS-1606, TS-1609 and TS-1612 recently. To replace the Fokker F-27s , the TNI-AU ordered nine Spanish CASA C-295 in joint production with PT. Dirgantara Indonesia. New unmanned aerial vehicles were also purchased to strengthen TNI-AU aerial observation and were based at Supadio Air Force Base, Pontianak , Kalimantan Barat . Starting in 2010, Minister of Defence Purnomo Yusgiantoro stated that TNI-AU will gradually purchase

10810-542: The replacement of the F-5 fighters under the upcoming 2015 to 2020 strategic plan. The Indonesian Air Force shortlisted five candidates for the replacement, comprising the Sukhoi Su-35S , Saab JAS 39 Gripen , Dassault Rafale , Eurofighter Typhoon , and F-16C/D Block 60. In September 2014, Head of Indonesian National Armed Forces Public Relations and Media Office ( Kapuspen TNI ), Major General (TNI) Mochamad Fuad Basya explained

10925-669: The rise of the Communist Party of Indonesia drew Indonesia closer to the Eastern Bloc . Several Soviet-built aircraft began to arrive in the early 1960s including the MiG-15UTI from Czechoslovakia , MiG-17F/PF , MiG-19 S and MiG-21F-13, in addition to Ilyushin Il-28 , Mil Mi-4 , Mil Mi-6 , Antonov An-12 and Avia 14 also from Czechoslovakia. Indonesia also received Lavochkin La-11 , as well as Tupolev Tu-2 from China, intended to replace

11040-437: The second drop consisted of 79 people. On 26 May 1962, the third drop consisted of 68 people. The units from this operation consisted from members of PGT with the target of Sorong regions and the surrounding. This operation is split into 2 steps. On 17 May 1962, with a C-47 plane, a drop was performed on Teminabuan consisted of 39 people under the leadership of Air Lt. Lambertus Manuhua. They landed in Dutch military barracks,

11155-615: The strongest air force in the southern hemisphere. The United States did not support the surrender of West Papua to Indonesia, since the Bureau of European Affairs considered it an act of trading one occupying power for another. However, in April 1961, Robert Komer and McGeorge Bundy began to prepare plans for the United Nations to give the impression that surrender to Indonesia was legal. Although reluctantly, President John F. Kennedy finally supported these plans, fearing that, without U.S support,

11270-458: The target area, dropping logistical assistance, VIP transportation, medical evacuation and recon flights. The Air Force deployed Air Squadron 6 and 7 which were equipped with Mi-4, Bell 204B and UH-34D helicopters to the operation. The Air Force began to be re-equipped by receiving former Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) CAC Sabres – an Australian re-design of the F-86 Sabre – to replace

11385-412: The time of the founding, there was only one Indonesian holding a multi-engine pilot license from the pre-war Dutch Flying School, Flying Officer Agustinus Adisucipto (but did not have an opportunity to fly during the 3.5-year Japanese occupation). He was assisted by a few Japanese pilots who decided to stay in the newly born country. The new roundel was created simply by painting white on the lower part of

11500-481: The types of bombers, there were 22 Ilyushin Il-28 light bombers, 14 Tu-16 long-range medium bombers, and 12 maritime versions of Tu-16 aircraft equipped to launch the AS-1 Kennel anti-ship missiles . Of the types of transport aircraft, there were 26 IL-14 and Avia -14 light transport aircraft, six Antonov An-12 heavy transports, and ten C-130 Hercules tactical transport aircraft. To achieve air superiority,

11615-527: The visit of US President Barack Obama on 9–10 November 2010, the TNI-AU was offered 24 ex-USAF F-16 Block 25 aircraft as part of the Peace Bima-Sena II agreement. In October 2011, the House of Representatives approved the grant. The jets would be upgraded similar to the then latest Block 50/52 variant. The TNI-AU is also progressing with the reactivation of all 10 units of F-16 Block 15 OCU, which resulted in

11730-530: Was Colonel Leo Wattimena of the Air Force. At the beginning, the INADF was organized into 2 Air defense sectors covering parts of the Moluccas and the then Netherlands New Guinea , each composed of a number of radar stations. By March 1962, four Air Defense Sectors were active nationwide. After the conclusion of Operation Trikora, the command was the first to be equipped with surface to air missiles in Southeast Asia, with

11845-550: Was able to move to the interior and to other coastal areas. Around 29 Gag islanders joined with PG 300 forces. On 20 April 1962, 2 platoons 191260 PG 300 under the command of Sergeant Major Boy Thomas travelled from Yu island to Tanjung Dalpele on Waigeo. They were sighted by Dutch reconnaissance plane, and therefore took refuge in Bala-Bala island for 2 hours before landed safely in Tanjung Dalpele. On 15 July 1962, PG 500 under

11960-540: Was cancelled in favour of 24 Su-30KI, but this order was also cancelled due to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis . The Indonesian Air Force ordered eight BAE Hawk Mk 109s and 32 Mk 209s in 1993. The last of these was delivered by January 1997. In 1999, the Indonesian military staged a military intervention in East Timor following an independence referendum . The result was that more than 1,500 civilians were killed and 70 percent of Dili's infrastructure razed. In response,

12075-821: Was captured and tried in Jakarta, thus revealing the significant involvement of the CIA's "Operation Haik" in the rebellion. The most famous Indonesian fighter pilot in this era was Rusmin Nurjadin , who became Chief of Staff of the Air Force from 1966 to 1969. Nurjadin commanded MiG-21 squadrons in 1962–65 and founded an acrobatic team in 1962 that flew the MiG-17 F/PF Fresco over some cities in Indonesia. Small numbers of Indonesian Air Force pilots gained their reputation as aces in this era. The need to prop up to what became Operation Trikora in Netherlands New Guinea and

12190-661: Was commenced on 30 June 1962 intended to supply infiltration forces that had successfully landed (Operation Naga) in Merauke , New Guinea, using a Hercules plane. This operation consisted of three operations, Operation Elang landed 132 airborne forces consisting of PGT in Klamono-Sorong, Operation Gagak landed 141 airborne forces from Yon-454 in Kaimana, and Operation Alap-alap landed 132 PGT forces in Merauke from Bandung. On 15 August 1962,

12305-437: Was date of the first air operation by the newborn air force as three surviving aircraft, comprising two Yokosuka K5Y1 Willow (Cureng) and a Mitsubishi Ki-51 Sonia (the fourth aircraft, a Nakajima Ki-43 Oscar (Hayabusa) flown by Air Cadet Bambang Saptoadji, should also have been involved in the raid as an escort, but as of when it was launched, the aircraft was not airworthy due to engine troubles) conducted air raids at dawn on

12420-413: Was detected by a Dutch Lockheed P2V-7B Neptune aircraft and the Indonesian boats were intercepted by three Dutch destroyers. During the subsequent Battle of Arafura Sea , one Indonesian boat was sunk and two others were badly damaged and forced to retreat. Thus, this planned Indonesian amphibious landing ended disastrously with many crew members and marines being killed, among them Commodore Yos Sudarso ,

12535-423: Was done by of paratroopers from PGT and RPKAD with the target of Kaimana and Fakfak. Based on those 2 objectives this operation consisted of 2 operation. Operasi Banteng Putih, under the leadership of Air Major Nayoan, with the target of Fakfak. This unit consisted of 40 members, led by Lettu Agus Hernoto. The drop was on 26 April 1962, at 04.00, using 3 Douglas C-47 Skytrain planes. Operasi Banteng Merah, under

12650-455: Was forced to land on Gag island, west of Waigeo. PG 300 was isolated and assaulted by Dutch forces. On 25 March 1962, Indonesian Air force planes engaged a Dutch Navy ship, setting the ship on fire. On 26 March 1962, Dutch forces landed in Gag island. The fighting from both forces lasted for a month. On 15 April 1962, Dutch forces began another sweeping operation on the island, however some PG 300 forces

12765-572: Was led by Maksum with Ki R/XV under the leadership of Lt. Nussy. They travelled from Ujir and Karwai to S. Jera. a unit consisted of 24 members under the leadership of Octavianus Marani was able land, although the parent force was forced to return because was sighted by Neptune plane. They are able to return except 7 members on board the vessel "Ho Sing Sang" which was shot by Dutch forces and presumed lost between Etna Bay and Watu Belah Islands. Units sent from this post, were tasked to collect intelligence. There were 5 failed attempts although on 13 May 1962

12880-408: Was on 15 May 1962, consisting of 40 people. The second drop was on 16 May 1962, consisting of 38 people. Garuda Putih, consisted of 122 members led by Lettu Idris with the target Kaimana. The first drop was on 15 May 1962, consisting of 27 people. On this drop a C-47 plane was shot down on the way home. As a result, on second drop, this operation used the larger Hercules plane. On 19 May 1962 at 04.00

12995-539: Was planned on using 3 submarines to land 45 servicemen under the leadership of First Lt. Dolf Latumahina on regions surrounding Jayapura. In this operation, one submarine managed to land forces in Tanah Merah. The other two submarines did not manage to land forces after the operation was paused, after cessation of hostilities. All submarines managed to land safely back to base. The successful infiltrators managed to made contact with Marthen Indey, and Elly Uyo. This operation

13110-853: Was still flying, but after an in-flight engine failure, it too was grounded. But despite the problems, the Air Force still served with distinction in fighting militant remnants of the CPI in Java's provinces, particularly in Central and East Java. With Suharto's assumption of the presidency and the office of Commander in Chief in 1967, the focus shifted to fighting the communist PGRS/Paraku insurgency . The Air Force launched Operation Lightning Strike ( Indonesian : Operasi Samber Kilat ) to support ground troops eradicate Sarawak communists that were present in West Kalimantan and along Indonesia-Malaysia border by dropping troops to

13225-503: Was trained in Tual (Post 101) with forces from Battalion 521/Brawijaya. They were planned to land on Kaimana, however, the operation was not started because of higher Dutch patrol intensity on the coast. Operation Badar Besi was planned in conjunction based in Post 103 with forces from Battalion 515/Brawijaya. Although same with the previous operation was not started yet. This infiltration operation

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